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Advantages Disadvantages
• Absorbs carbon dioxide and releases 35% more oxygen into the • Requires preservation
atmosphere than hardwood trees. Also, no fertilizer, pesticides, or
herbicides are needed. • Shrinkage: Bamboo shrinks much greater than
• Generates very little waste: after harvesting, virtually every part of the any other type of timber especially when it loses
plant is used to make a wide variety of products, from soil-enriching water.
mulch to furniture to chopsticks.
• Durability : Bamboo should be sufficiently treated
• Its fibers are stronger than wood fibers and much less likely to warp against insect or fungus attack before being
from changing atmospheric conditions.
utilized for building purposes.
• Bamboo roots remain in place after harvesting where they prevent
erosion and help retain nutrients for the • Jointing: Despite prevalence of various
techniques of jointing, structural reliability of
• People prefer bamboo houses in rural tropical areas where the bamboo is questionable.
temperature is high in summer
Availability in India
Species
Availability in India
State wise Percentage of Area under Bamboo Plantation ( FSI,2011)
Affordability
The most important fact about Bamboo
is that its low-cost without sacrificing
quality and durability. A 400 sq ft house
in a village, which costs Rs. 1.75 to Rs. 2
lakh with conventional materials, can be
built for Rs. 1.25 lakh if bamboo is used.
Furthermore, a bamboo house takes
very little time for assembly. This
becomes critical especially in times of
disaster management, providing quick
relief or rehabilitation.
Processing and Treatment
Engineered Bamboo vs. Regular Bamboo
Harvesting of Bamboo
Bamboo used for construction
purposes must be harvested when the
culms reach their greatest strength
and when sugar levels in the sap are
at their lowest, as high sugar content
increases the ease and rate of pest
infestation.
Harvesting Cycle of Bamboo
Life cycle of the culm
As each individual culm goes through a 5– to 7-year life cycle, culms are ideally
allowed to reach this level of maturity prior to full capacity harvesting. The
clearing out or thinning of culms, particularly older decaying culms, helps to
ensure adequate light and resources for new growth. Well-maintained clumps
may have a productivity three to four times that of an unharvested wild clump.
Consistent with the life cycle described above, bamboo is harvested from two
to three years through to five to seven years, depending on the species.
Harvesting Cycle of Bamboo
Annual cycle
As all growth of new bamboo occurs during the wet season, disturbing the
clump during this phase will potentially damage the upcoming crop. Also
during this high rainfall period, sap levels are at their highest, and then
diminish towards the dry season. Picking immediately prior to the wet/growth
season may also damage new shoots. Hence, harvesting is best a few months
prior to the start of the wet season.
Harvesting Cycle of Bamboo
Daily cycle
During the height of the day, photosynthesis is at its peak, producing the
highest levels of sugar in sap, making this the least ideal time of day to harvest.
Many traditional practitioners believe the best time to harvest is at dawn or
dusk on a waning moon.
Reasons for Preservation
• As bamboo has less natural durability it requires chemical treatment for longer life.
• Bamboos have low natural durability (1 to 3 years) against attacks by fungi and insects.
• They are very difficult to be treated by normal preservative methods in dry condition
since their outer and to some extent inner membranes are impermeable to liquids.
• The treatment of bamboo is, therefore, best carried out in green conditions.
• The following slides show methods used for bamboo preservation as per IS 401-2001-
“code of practice for timber preservation” and IS 9096-1979-“code for practice for
preservation of bamboo for structural purposes”:
Coal Tar Creosote
This is a fraction of coal tar distillate
with a boiling point range above 200°C
and is widely used admixed with fuel oil
in the ratio of 50:50. The fuel oil ensures
stability to creosote against evaporation
and bleeding from the treated bamboos.
Creosote has high performance; it is
non-corrosive and provides good
protection from termites.
Copper Chrome Compositions
• Copper Chrome Arsenic Composition
A typical composition of this preservative comprises of copper sulphate, arsenic pentoxide and
sodium or potassium dichromate in proportion of 3: 1:4.
• Pressure Process
It can be employed to any type of
preservative and is used where
maximum absorption of the preservative
is required.
Bamboo Mat Composites
Through several technologies mat
based composites from bamboo have
been developed like
• Bamboo Mat Board (BMB)
• Bamboo Mat Veneer Composite
(BMVC)
• Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
(BMCS).
Bamboo Mat Composites
• The mat composites are manufactured by hot pressing the woven strips of bamboo.
• Thin bamboo strips called as “slivers” of width 0.6 to 1.0mm are manually woven into a
mat of different sizes and patterns of which herringbone is the most common pattern in
which the slivers are at an angle of 45 degree with respect to the edges of the mat.
• Then the mats are dipped in Phenol formaldehyde resin which is a chemical preservative
to enhance resistance against decay and termites, later they are dried and 2 to 5 mats are
assembled and hot pressed to the required thickness.
• For BMVC mats wood veneers are placed in-between the layers of bamboo mats. The
property of BMVC mainly depends on the properties of the inter-leaved wood veneers.
Bamboo as a Construction Material
How Bamboo is used in Reinforcements
Bamboo Trusses
The bamboo has strength
comparable to that of teak and Sal.
An experiment with the construction
and testing of a 4m span truss made
of round bamboo and different
jointing techniques for web-chord
connections gave results that were
matching with the strength of timber.
Bamboo Foundations
There is very limited use of bamboo as foundation material
because when in contact with moisture laden surface they
decay fast. However, this issue can be tackled to quite an
extent though proper treatment using appropriate chemicals.
• The various types of foundations constructed with
bamboo are:
• a) Bamboo which is in direct contact with ground
surface.
• b) Bamboo fixed to rock or preformed concrete footings
• d) Bamboo piles
Bamboo Roofs Skeleton
It consists of bamboo truss or rafters
over which solid bamboo purlins are
laid and lashed to the rafter by means
of G.I.wire. A mesh of halved
bamboo is made and is lashed to the
purlins to cover the roof.
Bamboo Walling
Bamboo walls can be constructed in different modes
like
• Whole stem, halved or strips of bamboo can
nailed to one or both the sides of the bamboo
frame
• Split bamboo mats can be fastened to the bamboo
posts or mats can be woven, mud can also be
applied to both sides of such mats
• Bamboo strips nailed to bamboo frame or posts
for interior walling
• Cement or lime plastering can be done on the
mud covering for better appearance and hygiene.
Bamboo Doors and Windows
Bamboo frames can replace timber
frames appropriate to function.
Bamboo mat shutters fixed to
bamboo frame or a panel of bamboo
board fixed to the frame which is
hinged to the wall can be used as
door. Small framed openings hinged
to the top in the wall can serve as
windows.
Bamboo Flooring
Bamboo can be used as flooring
material due to its better wear and
tear resistance and its resilience
properties. Whole culms act as frame
work and the floor covering is done
using split bamboo, bamboo boards,
mats etc. by means of wire lashing
these to the frame.
Scaffolding
Bamboo poles lashed together have
been used as scaffolding in high rise
structures due to their strength and
resilience. The timber planks can be
replaced with bamboo culms and
these can be lashed to the vertical
culms.
Bamboo as a Reinforcement
• Bamboo has used for scaffolding works, formwork supporting stands and
many in building construction works. These are limited to medium-large
projects.
• Even though existence of bamboo has been found from centuries, bamboo
as reinforcement material is an innovation in the civil engineering
construction field. This innovation was based on Clemson’s study that has
been conducted in the Clemson Agricultural College.
Significance of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete
Materials Used:
• Thatch
• Bitumen Sheet
• Bamboo Sheets and Purlins
• Stone
Sanskriti
Site Section
Sharma Springs
IBUKU
General Information
• Location: Sibang Gede, Bali
• Client: Individual
• Site Area: 2602 sqm
• Floor Area: 750 sqm
• Construction: 12 months from
December 2011- December 2012
• Completion Date: December 2012
Exterior Views
General Information
• Sharma Springs was designed for the
Sharma family as a jungle fantasy
escape. It is a 6-level, 4-bedroom
750sqm home overlooking the Ayung
river valley, built almost entirely of
bamboo. The entry to the house is via
a dramatic tunnel-bridge that brings
you directly to the open-air living,
dining, and kitchen spaces on the 4th
level.
Views
Circulation
• The staircases circle around the
central tower to the levels below:
kids play room, as well as four
bedrooms and a library that each
enclose for air-conditioning with
full length spinning glass windows.
The 6th-floor lookout has sunset
views over the Ayung river valley
and Green Village.
Interiors
• Master metal smiths custom-built
the shower stalls, stone carvers
from Java carved boulders into
counter slabs. Their team also
custom designed each item of the
furniture for this house. The
gardens are also by IBUKU, based
on permaculture design principles.
The Millennium Bridge
IBUKU
General Information
• Architects: IBUKU
• Location: Sibang Kaja, Abiansemal,
Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia
• Area: 70.0 m2
• Project Year: 2011
• Client: Green School
• Site Area: 45.000 m2
• Build Time: 8 months
"Millennium Bridge" is one of the longest bamboo bridge in Asia, with a length of 23 meters and an impressive roof
inspired by the Minangkabau architecture, following the shape of a buffalo horn. It is built in a mix of blond and black
bamboo species.
It's very rare to get the chance to build a bridge from bamboo, and it is a proof that you can build anything with it.
This bridge is a way to promote construction with bamboo around the world. It's a constructed testimony of its
strength', says Defit Wijaya, Senior Architect at IBUKU.
Thank You.