Beruflich Dokumente
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THESIS
By:
Nur Laili Yusuf
05320084
THESIS
Presented to:
Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S)
By:
Nur Laili Yusuf
05320084
Supervisor:
Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M.Pd.
19711014 200312 1001
the only person who is responsible for the content of this thesis if there are
The Writer
APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that Nur Laili Yusuf’s thesis entitled A Study on the Associative
Meanings of the Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine has been approved by the
Approved by Acknowledged by
The Dean of
This is to certify that Nur Laili Yusuf’s thesis entitled A Study on the Associative
Meanings of the Jakarta Post Weekender Magazine has been approved by the
Approved by
The Dean of Humanities and Culture Faculty
Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang,
The words or sentences which comes from your mouth, uncover the secret
and unfailing supports to go throughout this long journey. I love you all.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. I would
like to address my deepest thank gratitude You for giving me the strength to
upon Him) who has already given us much goodness for our future life.
and appreciation goes to my advisor, Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M.Pd for his
Susanto, M.Ed, Ph.D, Ika Farikha Hentihu, M.Pd, and Drs. H. Nur Salam,
M.Pd for their valuable insights, comments, ideas, and suggestions in the
thesis advisor who always give me supports and advices throughout doing this
thesis, all my friends in flit flat girls KS7 who never give up encourage me during
the time doing this thesis, all my friends of Wizard English Clubs who always
accompany me from the early enter this university until finished of doing this last
finish this thesis, all my friends in Advanced Debate Community who always
patience in support me, and all my friends in English Letters and Language
Department whom I cannot mention one by one in which little or more for your
greatfriends: Ana Aulia, Muh. Hamiduddin, Nanang Z., Nur Faidah S., Nanang
H.P., Hosen, Novita, Mamlu’, Durroh, T. Wahyudi, and Furqon. Thank you for
inspiration that has greatly facilitated the completion of this chalenging efforts.
cannot write one by one, May Allah always give Mercies and Blessings for
The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
LIST OF TABLE
Figure 1 Meanings...............................................................................................11
Fifure 2 Data Collection Process.................................................................32
ABSTRACT
Laili Yusuf, Nur. 2010. A Study on the Associative Meanings of The Jakarta
Post Weekender Magazine. Thesis, Linguistics, English Letters
and Language Department, Humanities and Culture Faculty,
Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang.
Advisor : Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M.Pd.
Keywords : associative meanings, functions of associative meanings
INTRODUCTION
the study, objectives of the study, scope and limitation of the study,
learn the meaning of language (semantics) (Crystal, 1987: 100). Semantics is the
study of the way in which words and sentences convey meaning. The study of
Odgen and A. Richard in 1923 who had written “the meaning of meaning” as one
(1987:100) that they were able to list no less than sixteen different meanings of
It is the last kind of use that comes closest to the focus of linguistic
Generally, it is classified into seven types of meanings in which five of them are
They, in turn, can be broken up into five subtypes are connotative meaning,
meaning. In the other hand, it is the meaning of words that has connection to the
relationship of word with the condition beyond the language. For examples, the
word “white” associates with the word of “holy,” the other way, the word “black”
sentences which are appropriate with the context. To understand meaning, we need
to know how words or sentences convey the meaning. The idea is that when we read
texts; we try to know how words are put together to convey meaning so that it can be
it has ambiguous meaning which makes the reader thinks more deeply to convey the
researchers but using different analysis, method and object of study. Hardhini
findings and discussions, the writer finds that there are thirty nine words which
classified into cognitive and associative meaning. Then, she finds the
pornographic associative meaning and the context on the data cards or corpus data.
The result, there are several points can be drawn as the conclusions as regard
to the pornographic association functions in humor texts including: demanding
Headlines of the Jakarta Post.” In her methodology, she uses qualitative approach
by using Geoffrey Leech’s theory. The result, she finds some types and ways of
investigate the types and the functions of associative meanings in the Jakarta
Post Weekender magazine. Beside that, this study chooses the Profile section of
magazine to understand the meaning of the content of text which finally brings us
to examine how words or sentences convey meaning. To analyze this study, the
researcher uses Geoffrey Leech’s theory which is divided into five types:
To sum up, the main aim of this study is to understand the meaning of
Weekender magazine?
This study describes the associative meanings. This study gives two
give three contributions. First, this study will provide references for the next
Second, this study will be useful for the students learning associative
meaning for the students who find difficulties in understanding the concept
of the text in the Profile section since it must convey the maximum of the
January, 2007
(http://theunspunblog.com/2007/
01/30/the-jakarta-posts-
weekender/).
CHAPTER II
also describes previous studies that become the step stone for the study.
2.1. Meaning
grammatical meaning. It is not only looking for meaning in the dictionary but also
(1984:33) and Palmer (1981:24) stated that meaning cannot leave from another
word’s meaning. The term meaning is used in many ways. Meaning as a concept
to understand each other. So that, each person knows what the speaker
means and what will be received by the hearer. Bloomfield (1969: 139) states
that “the linguistic meaning forms the situation in which the speaker utters it
and the response which it calls forth in the hearer which as illustrated followed:
Speaker’s situation speech hearer’s response
The illustration above gives sign that we usually will explain or tell
what he said, but what he meant” (Palmer, 1981: 4). Clearly, it is different
between saying and meaning so that it gives many curiosities to the hearer.
It could be that there are some other meanings besides literal meaning of the
A: It means that I am tired and sooner you go to bed, the sooner I can.
The last way is related to Leech’s theory (cited on Partana, 2003: 36) in
important thing of meaning for the linguist that is neutral between the
MEANINGS
meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning according to Leech (1974: 21)
meaning is different from conceptual meaning (Yule, 1985: 92). It is the words
meaning that is still related to other words. Conceptual meaning is the lexical or literal
meaning. Sarifah (2008: 11) emphasizes that associative meaning is the sense
associations that are not part of a world’s basic meaning and have variants meaning
of word with the condition beyond the language. For instance, the word “jasmine”
is associated with the meaning of holy; the word “black” is associated with the
meaning of darkness and sadness; the word “red” is associated with the meaning
Besides that, this associative meaning has the same meaning with some
symbols used by the society to convey other concepts such as using of word
Finch (1998: 141) stated that this kind of meaning is extra resonance, or
from the social and cultural context in which they are used. In fact, connotation,
collocation, stylistic and reflected meaning have represented more than affective
Connotative What is
Meaning communicated
by virtue of
what language
refers to
Stylistic Meaning What is
communicated
of the social
circumstances
of language
use
Affective What is
Meaning communicated
of feelings
and attitudes
of the
speaker/writer
Associative Meanings Reflected What is
Meaning communicated
through
association
with another
sense of the
same
expression
Collocative What is
Meaning communicated
through
association
with words
which tend to
occur in the
environment
of another
word
(Based on Leech’s Theory cited on Reimann, 2004)
2.3. The Types of Associative Meanings
communicated by virtue of what language refers to, over and above its purely
connotative, actually talking about the real world which associates the expression
unstable from age to age, society to society, and personal experience. It is more
describes something that goes beyond mere referent of a word and hints at its
attributes in the real world. The real-world value is perceived in terms of tacit
socio-cultural principles, norms, and rules. These terms are only the same in the
conceptual meaning but have difference in those senses. At least, the meaning
will be recognized when appropriate with the time to time and condition of people
that reflects to the real world. For examples: the word “woman” conceptually it is
connotative which hints attribute in the real world have something valuable.
For example: the word “smile,” “smirk,” and “beam.” Purely, it overlaps with
conceptual sense so that they are all types of “smile” but in associative
(1998: 141) said that connotation equal with the word “connotes” which much
from variety background’s life. The difference of tone, style or choice of words
will be influenced in their speaking. Due to that, this stylistic meaning was
social circumstance of language use (1974: 16). The English style has
stated that here is the category of the main dimensions of stylistic variation to
distinguish on each dimension which shows something from the different style
(which taken from Davy and Crystal about Investigating English style)
B. Delivery of Idea
etc)
etc)
branch of affective meaning. This type of meaning reflects the personal feelings or
attitudes of the speaker towards the listener. This is influenced by the intonation,
voice timber, or the use of interjection such as when we say,”I hate you!”
use the language effectively that is the ability to switch between the levels
horse, nag, gee gee; they are in the same conceptually but actually they
literary work about the “Knights of the Round Table”; nag is slang and is
normally used only in colloquial English; gee gee belongs to the nursery and
is used with children. In other words, these terms are stylistically marked. The
which reflects the personal feelings of the speaker or writer including his
relatively closer to emotive devices. As Ulmann stated (2009: 166) that there
are three categories of emotive devices are Phonetics, lexical, and syntaxes
devices. In other word, those are to express the personal feeling of the speaker
or writer. The tone of voice is really important to show the emotion since the
listener will understand when we are angry, bad, sad, or happy through the
(2004: 134) stated that they are normally expressed through such forms
association with another sense of the same expression or the meaning which arises
in case of multiple conceptual meaning when one sense of word forms part of our
response to another sense. It means that one sense of a particular word affects the
understanding and usage of all the other senses of world. This is usually caused
when familiarity with one sense of a word affects of our interpretation of another
sense. For instance, in the church ceremony, when we hearing the synonymous
expression of The Comforter and The Holy Ghost which shows both are the Third
awesome. So that, based on the context, a word sense seems to “rub off”
“queen,” and “fairy”; are often very difficult to use precisely. That is, the
(1974: 19) also stated that reflected meaning much often found in poem
The poem is written above is to show a soldier who has died in the warfare,
other feels the context of “beloved.” So that, the reflected meaning here is
comes with emotive power and give the new meaning based on the context.
2.3.5. Collocative Meaning
“pretty” tends to collocate with “girl, woman, villages, garden, and flower.”
linguistics since both have the same meaning but still be considered that
words are in the same meaning but in different concept that is “tremble”
from the verb “collocate” which means “to go with;” and one of the ways
by which we know the meaning of a word. For instance, the words “clear”
in clear conscience, clear sky, and clear case. Clear conscience means
without guilt; clear sky means free from clouds; clear case means
and covers all utterances which are encoded and decoded as unitary whole of
referent. Such as the examples below taken from Mwihaki (2004: 135):
comfortable salary and attractive side benefit. “A good land” would be definable in
terms of soil composition and water retention properties. Then, the last is the
sentence of “a good life” seems that something which abundance both in material
idiom expressions, usage of proverbs, figures of speech, and riddles since the
When working with texts, we generally only have access to words, not to
things. The group of words makes the meaning of the sentences. Therefore, it
would be better if we could determine the meaning of a word by using its relations
to other words. Define a word is one of the basic units of semantics (Palmer,
1981: 32). In other words, it expresses a unified semantic concept. The meaning
of words represents category of things which the words stands for. Yet, there are
difficulties since not all words have the same kind of meaning as others. Some
seem to have little or none. For example “Boys like to play,” from the sentences,
we might to consider the meaning “boys, like, and play”; except, the word “to”
since it has no meaning at all. In another case, meaning implies choice so that it
could be changed “girl, hate, fight” except “to.” Then, we use words to refer to
together to establish meaning. Truly, the word meaning could be given the
thought. It is a basic unit of meaning. Here, words which are apart of our thought
united one another to make a larger unit to produce the complete meaning or
could be stated that words are also as part of sentences. Moreover, the meaning
of the sentences can be predicted from the meaning of the words it contains.
depends upon the meaning of its constituent lexemes including its phrasal
than them of the sentence from which is derived. Therefore, it can be said the
Journalism and language both are important points for mass media.
Journalism must use the language for delivering information since language
world since the media can do nothing without the help of language. It can
be drawn that language holds primary role in reporting the news, the
the language used by the reporter in writing the journalisms must follow the
development of culture in society since people do not have enough the time
for reading of the mass media such newspaper or magazines. Perhaps, they
written texts which will be published. The language for investigation is more
accurate than for features written. The principles of language for journalism are
brief, clear, solid, simple, and interesting (JS Badudu cited on Romeltea, 2008).
• Spot news
It is used to reveal the important events which have been known for
It is used to reveal an interesting thing for human life that forward to the
the journalist in writing the news. This is one way to deliver the information in
many gossiping refers to the mass media. At least, the language of journalism is
Besides using theories from books, the researcher also uses the
Surabaya investigates two kinds of meanings are cognitive and associative meaning
studying them because both are mostly influenced to persuade the people on TV
collects the data by applying directly listening to the dialogues of the TV Indonesian
commercial Body Care advertisement. The data is classified based on cognitive and
considers that many utterances of humor texts implied the pornographic statements.
The data on his research is written in Indonesian which has pornographic association
as well as their context. The researcher uses the descriptive qualitative approach in
his research design based on Chaire’s Theory. He obtains the data by taking-notes in
humor texts that contain pornographic associative meaning as well as the context on
the corpus data. The result, there are several points which can be drawn as the
readers).
Sarifah (2008) analyzes the types and the ways of using associative meanings
based on Leech’s theory. Her research design is descriptive qualitative approach
which directly applied collecting the utterances from the Headlines of the Jakarta
Post newspaper. Since it covers or represents to its content of the whole text in the
newspaper. The result of her study shows that there are some types of associative
some ways uses of associative meanings in the Headlines of the Jakarta Post are:
In fact, her analysis does not only refer to one theory (Leech’s theory) but
also she uses Mwihaki, and Finch so that analyzes are extended. Then, she does
not explain the associative meanings details in her review of related literature.
Then, the recent study entitled “A Study on the Associative
RESEARCH METHOD
The chapter discussed the methodology of this study which included the
approach and the way to analyze the data. After knowing briefly about the
methodology of this study, it came to the next chapter that would analyze the data.
method was used based on several reasons. First, this research concerned the
samples or numbers. Second, this research used Geoffrey Leech’s theory without
using any hypothesis. The last, the characteristics of descriptive qualitative research
could be found in the process of data gathering. The type of the data was
descriptive data, it did not need any treatments and ready to analyze. The
characteristics also found in the process of analysis that was done inductively.
meaning of sentences, the conditions in the world which would have to be met for
the sentence to be true (Goddard, 1998: 7). So that, you had to understand how
the world would have to be for that sentence to be true. Related to this
or sentences which was tried to give the true meaning or the true reason
by using the associative meanings itself. The aim to this study was to
In this study, there was only one single data source that was the Jakarta
2
which was published on January, 2007 . The data of her research were
This data source was taken as the consideration of some reasons that this
published by the Jakarta Post team. Then, there were many associative meanings of
the Weekender Profile section used to interest the readers. The last, the form of data
which would be analyzed were words, phrases, or sentences of the text of Profile
2
http://theunspunblog.com/2007/01/30/the-jakarta-posts-weekender/
3.3 Research Instrument
the researcher to collect the data in order to make research process done
instrument in her study. She herself became the research instrument who
The data of this study was taken from the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine. In collecting the data, the researcher gathered every data needed
through the following steps. First, she collected the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine which was published from October to November, 2009. Second, she
found out one text of the Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine. Third, she read the whole sentences. Then, the words or phrases
The last, the conclusion of the collected data was drawn to be continued in data
analysis. The process of the data collections were described as following sketch:
Figure 2:
STEP I
Collecting the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine
STEP II
Finding the Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender
magazine
Meanings:
1.connotative
STEP III 2.stylistic
Reading and choosing the 3.affective
sentences contained of associative 4.reflective
meanings 5.collocative
STEP IV
Selecting and underlining the words or
phrases of the sentences involved to the
associative meanings
STEP V
Drawing conclusion
3.6 Triangulation
another thing (Moleong, 2005: 330). Therefore, this technique was used as the
accumulation of the research method to strengthen the data and support findings.
investigator triangulation, and theory. In this study, the researcher chose the
Related to the data sources triangulation, the researcher collected the data
from the Jakarta Post Weekender magazine especially the Profile section. Then,
she also compared to what she had explained in her research with the
explanation from another person or informant who expert in this study. Here,
she chose the lecturer from Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University
Besides, the researcher discussed and checked the data from the Jakarta
data collection of this study. Therefore, she was used the methodological
The researcher structures writing are categorized into some steps. First,
problems. The data of the text will be provided in the appendix page.
found in the data based on Leech’s theory. The data employed in this
research were taken from the Profile section of the Jakarta Post Weekender
section of The Jakarta Post Weekender magazine, the researcher reduces from 50
data to 7 data that have represented the types and the functions of associative
meanings. The data has been provided in the appendix page. Then, the data are
analyzed by using the following steps. First, the researcher classifies the sentences
consist of associative meanings which taken from the sources of the Profile section
the words, phrases, or sentences which will be analyzed based on the types
Datum 1:
The following data was taken from the data sources of the
On October, 2009
Profile : Irwan Ahmett, 34, a self-professed unhappy artist, has been trying
to get happy which his art project has been running since 2007.
Title : Portrait of an unhappy artist
nd
At 2 paragraph, line 2-3
Millions of people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness.
(see in appendix 1 no.2)
because the meaning of word “millions” here is not indicated to “the number of
1.000.000,” however, it represents the meaning of “much, many, most of, or a lot
of.” Based on the context of the sentence above, this word does not show us
refers to “most of people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness.”
The function is used to deliver the new sense of a word that relates to
another phenomenon in the same expression. The new sense here is the new
meaning comes to the expression of the same words. The new sense comes
because of removes another sense in the same expression. Shortly, the word
people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness” means
word forms part of our response to another sense. Further, he said that a word
sense seems to “rub off” on another sense by the dominant suggestive capacity
Next, the underlined word “millions” in the sentence above is also called
“much, many, a lot of, or most of.” It connotes to other things based on the
experience, phenomenon, and society. The word “millions” here is not the real
meaning used from people to others, “the number of 1.000.000,” it has something
value and other sense which means “much, many, a lot of, or most of.”
associate with the expression when someone heard it or used it since it brings
something value and other sense in hints the attribute of the real world. When
someone heard or used the word “millions” in the sentence above connotes the
meaning “most of,” and does not refer to the meaning “the number of 1.000.000”
since it relates to the experience or phenomenon of someone and society used it.
According to Leech (1974: 14-15) connotative meaning is
and relatively unstable. So that, it refers to the “real world” experience which
Datum 2:
The following data was taken from the data sources of the
On October, 2009
Profile : Irwan Ahmett, 34, a self-professed unhappy artist, has been trying
to get happy which his art project has been running since 2007.
Title : Portrait of an unhappy artist
nd
At 2 paragraph, line 5-6
to the stylistic meaning since this word involves in the Relative Temporary of
language style especially in the ‘occupation area’ of its usage. Related to the
sentence above, the word “capitalism” here is associated with the sense of the
Western economic system which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by
owners for profit, rather than by the state. This word usually used based on the
social circumstance of language use that in related with economics. To sum up,
The function is to deliver the stylistic style which appears in language since it
here only performs that the word “capitalism” belongs to the stylistic meaning
used to deliver the stylistic style which appears in the sentence above.
of social circumstance of language. Then, he stated there are some categories of its usage to
differentiate between each dimension which shows something from the different style (which
taken from Davy and Crystal about Investigating English style). Perhaps, it occurs in certain
language are:
E. Delivery of Idea
etc)
etc)
Satirical (the style of Dickens, Hemingway, etc)
Datum 3:
The following data was taken from the data sources of the
On October, 2009
Profile : Irwan Ahmett, 34, a self-professed unhappy artist, has been trying
to get happy which his art project has been running since 2007.
Title : Portrait of an unhappy artist
th
At 12 paragraph, line 1-2
They look like happy people to me, but they have to try pretty hard to
make themselves happy. (see in appendix 1 no.24)
collocative meaning because the adjective word “pretty” in the phrase “pretty
hard” has different character when it is going together with another noun.
Perhaps, we know that pretty have the same meaning with handsome. They
could be interchanged to each other such as handsome hard. However, they will
have different sense when they to co-occur with another noun since mostly
people using pretty hard than handsome hard especially for this context.
Therefore, the phrase pretty hard is used in the context of the sentence above. It
The function here is used to convey the associate of words which tend to
occur in the environment. It refers to the common use words going together in the
environment. Here, the phrase “pretty hard” is more appropriate to be used “pretty
hard” rather than “handsome hard” since handsome hard sound
environment of another word. It refers to associate word since its usual habitual
co-occurrence with certain types of words. The collocative meaning is not only
from the feeling or emotion of the speaker. The words “to me” in clause “they
look like happy people to me….” means that this word comes from feeling or
emotion of the speaker. Here, Irwan Ahmett, we know from his profile that
he is an artist who has found yet the real happiness in his life since he has
to show that people around him seems as a happy people. Then, his
people to me but they have to try pretty hard to make themselves happy.”
Here, we know that from the sentence above brings us to the main function
that is to communicate the feeling or emotion of the speaker or writer itself. It arises
from the personal feeling or attitude of the speaker or writer that is dedicated to the
addressees or readers. On the sentence “they look like happy people to me, but they
readers or addressees.
Datum 4:
The following data was taken from the data sources of the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine:
On Nopember, 2009
Profile : Melissa Karim who is an entertainment all-rounder, turning her
hand to everything from radio, screenwriting for TV and film and
now as part of the panel of a popular prime-time magic show.
Title : Tall order
th
At 7 paragraph, line 2-3
collocative meaning since the adjective word “good” conveys meanings when
it is going together with others noun, such as “good job,” “good land,” etc. In
this case, the adjective word “good” in the phrase “good skin” means “it is
smooth, soft, glittering, none of anything scratch or hurt on it, and does not
tend to occur in the environment. It tends to have variants meaning when it co-
occurs with another noun. Based on the sentence above, the phrase “good
affective meaning because the sentence “I may be short but I have good skin”
refers to the speaker who shows her condition. This utterance comes from the
speaker’s feeling or emotion. In this case, the speaker is Melissa Karim who
has only 148 cm height of her body. She believes that although she has a
short body, she has a good skin as which is as her special quality. Here, it can
the feeling or emotion of the speaker or writer itself. It arises from the personal
readers. On the sentence “I may be short, but I have good skin” represents the
speaker wants to show her emotion, feeling, or attitude to the readers or
addressees.
Datum 5:
The following data was taken from the data sources of the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine:
On Nopember, 2009
Profile : Melissa Karim who is an entertainment all-rounder, turning her
hand to everything from radio, screenwriting for TV and film and now as
part of the panel of a popular prime-time magic show. Title : Tall order
th
At 11 paragraph, line 1-4
Based on the sentence above, the word “runs” is called reflected meaning
because this word meaning does not intends to the sense of “moving visible thing”
as usually people know, but the word “run” here is associated with the sense of
“do the work.” In other word, the word “runs” has another sense of the same
expression. It gives the new meaning of words in the sentence which relates to
another phenomenon in the same expression. The new sense here is the new
meaning comes to the expression of the same word. The new sense comes because
of removes another sense in the same expression. Clearly, the word “runs” that
usually people know seems to the meaning of “moving visible thing.” However, the
word “runs” in the sentence of “Melissa, who grew up in what she describes as a
“typically Chinese family” of a father who was used car salesman and a mother who
runs a small home catering business, does not go for the naïve if well-intentioned
viewpoint” means “do the work.” So that, the word meaning “runs” means “do the
work” seems removes another sense “moving visible thing” by the dominant
communicated through association with another sense of the same expression. This
happens in multiple conceptual meaning when one sense of a word forms part of our
response to another sense. Further, he said that in reflected meaning, a word sense
seems to “rub off” on another sense by the dominant suggestive power whether
The following data was taken from the data sources of the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine:
On Nopember, 2009
Profile : Melissa Karim who is an entertainment all-rounder, turning her
hand to everything from radio, screenwriting for TV and film and now as
part of the panel of a popular prime-time magic show. Title : Tall order
th
At 12 paragraph, line 3-4
I used to get mad when people would call me Amoy (a term for ethnic
Chinese women), but the thing is I am Amoy. (see in appendix 1 no.35)
“human, female, and adult.” However, the word “women” physically connotes to
“having maternal instinct and gregarious.” Then, typical (rather than invariable) of
associate with the expression when someone heard it or used it since it brings to
something valuable to the real world. When someone heard or used it, the word
“women” in the sentence above connotes to the meaning “having maternal instinct
and gregarious.” Certainly, the word “women” brings different meaning from age
to age and society to society in the real world due to that relates to one’s
and relatively unstable. So that, it refers to the “real world” experience which
feeling. The statement was uttered by the speaker, Melissa Karim, who has short
body besides she has Chinese family heritage. The clause “I used to get mad….”
showed her feeling. She showed that she disliked when there was someone
calling her as Amoy. Although at the end of the sentence she said “but the thing
is I am Amoy” still it does not show that she liked to be called as Amoy. Then, we
will know the condition of the speaker from the statement that is uttered.
the feeling, emotion, or attitudes of the speaker or writer itself. It arises from the
addressees or readers. On the sentence “I used to get mad when people would call
me Amoy, but the thing is I am Amoy” represents the speaker wants to show her
The following data was taken from the data sources of the Jakarta Post
Weekender magazine:
On Nopember, 2009
Profile : Melissa Karim who is an entertainment all-rounder, turning her
hand to everything from radio, screenwriting for TV and film and
now as part of the panel of a popular prime-time magic show.
Title : Tall order
At 12th paragraph, line 3-4
Educated people won’t say things like that – they realize we’re
different, so what?. (see in appendix 1 no.36)
category of its usage. The words “so what?” is categorized into “slang, colloquial
does not expect an answer from the addressees. It is the same with the
expression. This kind of meaning is used to deliver the occupation style which
only performs that the phrase “so what?” belongs to the stylistic meaning used
know it from the dialects or the language usage of “status” as the category of its
H. Delivery of Idea
etc)
etc)
Next, this sentence also belongs to affective meaning because this sentence
comes from the speaker’s feeling and emotion. We will know from the clause “they
realize we are different…” shows that this clause represents the speaker’s
feeling or emotion toward the addressees or readers. What the speaker’s feeling
is related to the statement before (datum 7). She does not care about what
people called to her. She believed that educated people won’t say things like that
since we are different. So, the speaker here only wants to show that she and
other people around her have different family background or life style.
arises from the personal feeling or attitude of the speaker or writer to the
4.2. Discussions
Following the analysis of the data, the researcher finds there are
types of associative meanings and its functions used in the Jakarta Post
analyze each data. The researcher finds each data consisting of one type
Then, the types of associative meanings which have been identified in the
• Millions of people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness.
• I used to get mad when people would call me Amoy (a term for
ethnic Chinese women), but the thing is I am Amoy.
• Millions of people stream into Jakarta every day just to find happiness.
• Melissa, who grew up in what she describes as a “typically Chinese
family” of a father who was used car salesman and a mother who
runs a small home catering business, does not go for the naïve if
well-intentioned viewpoint.
• They look like happy people to me, but they have to try pretty
hard to make themselves happy.
• “I may be short, but I have good skin.”
meanings is used to deliver the experience in the real world to associate with the
expression when someone heard it or used it; stylistic meaning is used to deliver
used to deliver the new sense of a word that relates to another phenomenon in the
oral and written expressions. This study found that it has a little relation
between the types and the functions of associative meanings because the
meanings itself. The result, the writer or speaker uses associative meanings
5.1. Conclusion
researcher concludes that there are several types of associative meanings in the
and collocative meaning is communicated with words which tend to occur in the
environment of another word. All five associative meanings are performed in the
Then, there are also several functions from the associative meanings in the
meaning function to deliver the experience in the real world to associate the
meaning function to deliver the new sense of a word that relates to another
5.2. Suggestion
After doing this research, the researcher admits that there are some
weaknesses of this study since there are limitations of this study. Therefore,
there are some suggestions for the next researchers to continue this study in
using different theories. Future researchers can use other objects related to
seriously doing the research since it needs hard efforts and onward
from http://romeltea.wordpress.com/2008/09/09/pengertian-
bahasa-jurnalistik/.
Sarefah, Laila. 2008. The Associative Meaning In The Headlines of The Jakarta
Post. Unpublished Thesis. The State Islamic University of Malang.
List of Data
I. PERSONAL IDENTITY
nd
1. The 2 chief of Musola Teenagers (REMUSH) Asy-Syuhada’
Senior High School 03 Lumajang from 2003 to 2004.
2. Dakwah department of The Students Association of Glorious
Lumajang (HIMALAYA) at The State Islamic University of Malang
from 2005-2006.
3. The secretarial department of Advance Debate Community (ADC)
at The State Islamic University of Malang from 2006-2007.
4. Development of intellectual activity of The Students Associations
of Department (HMJ), English Letters and Language Department,
at The State Islamic University of Malang from 2007-2008.
5. The secretary of The Unity of Female Students Nahdlatul Ulama
(IPPNU) at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of
Malang from 2008-2009.
CURRICULUM VITAE
INFORMANT
I. PERSONAL IDENTITY