Work-out unit 34/1

O b j e c t i v e s

In Unit 34/1:

You used ‘to be allowed to’ to talk about what isn’t permit-
ted in certain places: “ Walking on the grass isn’t allowed” /
“Talking in the library isn’t allowed”.

You learned how to say that it isn’t necessary for some-

one to do something: “You don’t have to ask me if you want
to use the telephone”.

You also practised using the modals ‘ c a n ’t ’ and

‘mustn’t’ to talk about things which are prohibited: “ You
can’t visit the exhibition without an invitation” / “You mustn’t
exceed the speed limit: 30 m.p.h.”

You have heard about the origins of ‘jazz’ and the most
famous jazz musicians: “The combination of ‘Negro ’ music
and ‘white’ music gave birth to this new style of music known
as jazz”.

You also learned to talk about other kinds of music:

“Pop music is popular for dancing in discos” / “Folk music is
characteristic of a specific region…”

unit 34/1 121

 Scenarios
The combination of both types of music gave birth to Jazz

We use ‘give birth to’ to explain the act of bringing someone or

something into the world: “She gave birth to Siamese twins”,
“The Wright Brothers gave birth to the age of flight”.

Yeah, got it in one

This is a very colloquial way of saying that someone has

guessed correctly at the first try. We can also say “ You guessed
it!” We ‘get’ a joke or an instruction if we understand it: “I din’t
get the comedian’s joke”.

A You’re new on campus at university, and you have to share a room with
someone you don’t know. When you meet, you ask your new roommate:

1. “How long have you been living on the campus?”

2. “Since when do you live in the campus?”
3. “How long do you live in the campus”

Your roommate replies:

1. “This is my three year”

2. “This is my third year”
3. “This year is number third!”

You ask him:

1. “Are you liking living here?”

2. “Do you like living here?”
3. “Have you liked living here?

He replies:

1. “There are a lot of things you aren’t allowed doing”

2. “There are much things you aren’t allowed to do”
3. “There are many things you aren’t allowed to do”

He continues explaining: “The worst thing is that…”

1. “you can’t bring the girls into the room”

2. “girls aren’t allowed in the rooms”
3. “you aren’t allowed to bring the girls into the room”

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 Structures

E x p r e s s i n g p r o h i b i t i o n

We can prohibit things by using some modals or other

verbs.

must not

• ‘Must not’ or ‘mustn’t’ expresses a negative obligation

which is often the same as prohibiting something:

· “Staff mustn’t smoke when serving customers”

(In other words we are telling the staff that they are
obliged not to smoke, or that smoking is prohibited).

cannot

• ‘Cannot’ or ‘can’t’ means that we do not have

authorisation to do something:

· “You can’t come to the concert without a jacket or tie”

(We will not be allowed to enter the concert hall).

be allowed to / be permitted to / be supposed to

All three, in the negative, express prohibition:

• ‘Not be allowed to’:

· “In many discos, people are not
allowed to wear sports shoes.”

• ‘Not be permitted to’ :

· “People aren’t permitted to smoke
in the conference hall” (This is the same as ‘not be
allowed to’, but more formal).

123
 Structures

...

• ‘Not be supposed to’ :

· “People under 18 aren’t supposed to drink alcohol”
(They shouldn’t, but maybe they do).

don’t have to

You ‘don’t have to do something’ means it is not necessary to do

it. You can do it if you want, but you are not obliged to:

· “You don’t have to go to the gym” (Nobody is obliging

you to go, but nobody’s stopping you, either).

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 Work-out
A Complete the words associated with smoking

1. Do you s m o k e?
2. Have you got a l _ _ _ t?
3. I don’t want to drop ash on the floor. Do you have an a _ _ _ _ _ y?
4. You’d better p _ t that cigarette o _ t!
5. My brother smokes three p _ _ _ _ _ s of cigarettes a day!
6. Many people find smoking difficult to g _ _ e up.

B Put these words into the corresponding groups

classical / guitar / play / guitarist / piano / jazz / singer / hear / musician / listen /
punk / drums / compose / pop / composer / violin

singer jazz guitar listen

C Choose the correct position of the word in brackets

1. We (1) dance (2) to (3) reggae music. / hardly ever/

(1) We hardly ever dance to reggae music.
2. Mark (1) doesn’t (2) play (3) the guitar. /often /
()
3. I (1) listen (2) to (3) punk music. /never/
()
4. Do (1) you (2) go (3) to jazz clubs? /always/
()
5. They’ve (1) been (2) to a classical music concert. /never/
()
6. (1) Had (2) you (3) heard of ‘ragtime’? /ever/
()

125
 Work-out
D Fill in the gaps using these words

shouldn’t / mustn’t / don’t have to / can’t / must

1. You mustn’t drink and drive.

2. You come if you don’t want to.
3. You go skiing if you’ve broken your leg.
4. You believe everything you read in the newspapers.
5. You’ve been travelling all day. You be tired.
6. You walk on the grass!
7. we be getting home? It’s really late!

E Write sentences using the prompts

1. Jazz / be / born / New Orleans.

Jazz was born in New Orleans.
2. Nowadays jazz / be / listen / all over the world

3. It / be / play / freely without written music

4. At first, ragtime / be / play / black and European musicians

5. Later on it / be / transform / black singers

6. Jazz / be / base / improvisation

126
 Work-out
F Answer the questions using these words

always / very often / sometimes / rarely / never

HOW OFTEN DO YOU...

listen to folk music?

listen to Jazz?
play a musical instrument?
listen to pop music?
listen to reggae?
go to a concert?
watch a music programme on TV?
go to see a musical?
go to the opera?
play records?
sing?

127
 Word list

Here are the new words you have seen in this lesson

S o m e m u s i c a l t e r m s
compose (to-)
composer
improvisation
improvise (to-)
musician
play records (to-)

G e n e r a l v o c a b u l a r y
according to
ash
be based on (to-)
combination
combine (to-)
deaf
exceed (to-)
exhibit (to-)
exhibition
feed (to-)
give birth (to-)
hardly
hardly ever
style
transform (to-)
unpack (to-)

128
 Key

S c e n a r i o s
A ‘How long have you been living on the campus?’
‘This is my third year.’
‘Do you like living here?’
‘There aren’t many things you aren’t allowed to do.’
‘girls aren’t allowed in the rooms.’

W o r k - o u t
A 2.3. light
ashtray
4. put / out
5. packets
6. give up

B singer / muscian / composer / guitarist

jazz / punk / classical / pop
guitar / drums / violin / piano
listen / hear / play / compose

C 2.3. (2)(1) Mark doesn’t often play the guitar.

I never listen to punk music.
D2.3. don’t
can’t
have to

4. (2) Do you always go to jazz clubs? 4. shouldn’t

5. (1) They’ve never been to a classical 5. must
music concert. 6. mustn’t
6. (3) Had you ever heard of ‘ragtime’? 7. shouldn’t

E 2.3. Nowadays jazz is listened to all over the world.

It is played freely without written music.
4. At first, ragtime was played by black and European
musicians.
5. Later on, it was transformed by black singers.
6. Jazz is based on improvisation.

F Free answers.

129
 Work-out unit 34/2

O b j e c t i v e s

In Unit 34/2:

You expressed your fear about something that you

think is going to happen: “I’m sure something terrible’s
going to happen” / “I have a feeling about that woman” /
“Something, which will affect us all, is going to happen”.

You have shown disbelief: “What on earth are you talking

about?”; surprise: “Really?”; admiration: “Wow! That’s
amazing!”; irritation: “Come on!” You have used all of the
exclamations you know.

You have talked about the different stages in your life:

“I’m a young man” / “Yo u ’ re a middle-aged man” / “She’s a
teenager”.

We have looked at ‘should have done’ to talk about

things that it would have been better for us to do: “He
should have gone to evening classes” / “I should have told you
before I moved in”.

unit 34/2 131

 Scenarios
I have a feeling about that woman

We have physical ‘feelings’, like hunger or tiredness, and we

have emotional ones, like gratitude or resentment. But a ‘f e e l -
ing’ can also be an intuition: “I woke up from the nightmare and
had a feeling that I was in danger”.

Tell me what you are talking about, for God’s sake!

‘For God’s sake!’ is an exclamation which we can use to add

emphasis or to express impatience. ‘Sake’ means ‘in the name of’
or to ‘honour’ someone. Also ‘for Christ’s sake!’ (GB) and
‘Chrissakes!’ (US). Other exclamations include ‘(God) bless
you’ (when somebody sneezes) or ‘God damn!’, which is quite
strong.

A Last night you went on a blind date, set up for you

by a friend who calls you the next day and asks:

1. “Have you enjoy last night?”

2. “Did you enjoyed yourself last night?”
3. “Did you enjoy yourself last night?”
Ironically, your reply:
1. “It could have been worse!”
2. “It could had been better!”
3. “It couldn’t had been worst!”
Your friend asks:
1. “Did something go wrong?”
2. “Did anything go wrong?”
3. “Did anything go bad?”
You say:
1. “To start with he took me to a bar which everybody was smoking”
2. “To begin with, he took me to a bar where everyone was smoking”
3. “To first, he took me to a bar in which everyone was smoking”
You add:
1. “and he kept on talk about his ex-girlfriend”
2. “and he kept on to talk about his ex-girlfriend”
3. “and he kept on talking about his ex-girlfriend”
You conclude:
“In the end I told him that I had a headache and asked him to take me home.”
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 Structures

Should have + past participle

As you know, we use ‘should’ when we give advice, when

we say what would be better to do:

· “You should go to the dentist’s at least once a year.”

Like all modals, we follow ‘should’ with an infinitive, either

the simple infinitive (‘should go’) when talking about what
we should do in the present or future, or the perfect
infinitive (‘should have gone’) to talk about the past.

• We use ‘should have done’ to talk about an obligation

which was ignored:

· “He should have stopped at the lights” (He had the

obligation to stop, but didn’t stop).

• We can also use it when we haven’t done something

that common sense tells us was necessary:

· “You should have told him we were going away for the
weekend. He’s only 7 years old!”

• In the negative, ‘shouldn’t have done’ is used to

criticise an absurd, stupid, incorrect or illegal action:

· “He shouldn’t have answered the boss back. That’s why

he got sacked.”

· “Sarah shouldn’t have worn her sister’s dress without

her permission.”

133
 Work-out
A Complete the dialogue using these words

threatened / shouted / said / shouldn’t / rushed / crystal / getting / scared / find out

Oh, Mortimer! I’m sure something awful’s going to happen!

To tell you the truth, I’ve got a nasty feeling about it, too!
1. You shouldn’t have shouted at the fortune teller!
2. I guess you’re right. And you have asked her to look into her
ball to see if she could see an evil figure!
3. But I had to if that criminal is still after me.
4. You shouldn’t have her like that! I could see
she was more and more tense.
5. And you shouldn’t have how expensive she was!
6. Yeah! I got really when she picked up her broomstick and
us with it!

B Put the words into the corresponding groups

bank loan / marriage / walking stick / crawl / exams / spots / debts / old / pension / cot /
jeans / nappy / retirement / teenager / baby / middle-aged

baby teenager middle-aged old

134
 Work-out
C Complete the sentences using the prompts and going to

1. That fish tasted a bit funny. / be sick /

I think I’m going to be sick.
2. Jim left home at 9 o’clock. / be late /
He
3. She’s 6 months pregnant. /have baby /
She
4. She’s got a letter in her hand. / post it /
She
5. They don’t live together any more. / get divorced /
They
6. Look out! / we crash /
We
7. The clouds are getting darker. /rain /
It

D Complete the dialogue using the correct form of the verb in bold

Do you know Brian?

1. Yes, I /know/ have known him for years.
2. When /be/ the last time you /see/ him?
3. I /not see/ him for six months now.
4. Where /meet/ you him?
5. I /meet/ him in New Orleans. I /work/ in a
jazz club at the time.
6. Oh, right! Where /live/ you now, though?
7. I /live/ in New York for four months now.
8. /live/ you it here?
9. Well, it /be/ a bit noisy, but I /like/ it.

135
 Work-out
E Write sentences as in the example using the prompts and should have

1. She got angry when she realised I didn’t even know her.
I / tell you / her name
I should have told you her name.
2. I crashed into a huge truck.
you / not drive / so fast

3. We couldn’t find a room anywhere.

we / book / room

4. George’s girlfriend left for Atlanta.

he / phone her / in time

5. They were exhausted when they got up the next morning.

they / go bed / earlier

6. She’s earning a lot of money there.

you / apply / the job

7. Frank and Heather got divorced.

they / not get married

136
 Work-out
F Complete the dialogue

1. Hey, John! I forgot to tell you it’s my birthday tomorrow.

Thank you / Really, how long? / How old are you going to be?

2. Thirty-five. I’m getting on, you know.

The train’s already left / So am I / Where are you going?

3. Really? I thought you were a lot older than that.

Hold on! I’ll prove it if you want / Thirty-two years old / I used to be

4. And how are you going to do that?

I’ll pay / Look! Here’s my passport / I’m half English

5. My goodness! This photo makes you look even younger.

I think I should tell you something / I like looking at myself / Who do you look like?

6. Go on! What’s that?

It’s a bird / Stop going on, will you? / It’s my twin brother’s passport

7. So?
He’s been married for two years / He’s travelling / He’s had a face-lift

Good God! You shouldn’t have told me. I’d have believed you!

137
 Word list

Here are the new words you have seen in this lesson

T h e a g e s o f m a n
bald
cot
face-lift
false teeth
middle-aged
nappy
pushchair
retirement
spots
teenager
walking stick
wheelchair

G e n e r a l v o c a b u l a r y
answer back (to-)
at least
bank loan
debt
envelope
evening class
former
loan
rush (to-)
sack (to-)
twin

138
 Key

S c e n a r i o s
A ‘Did you enjoy yourself last night?’
‘It could have been worse!‘
‘Did something go wrong?’
‘To begin with, he took me to a bar where everybody was
smoking.’
‘and he kept on talking about his ex-girlfriend.’

W o r k - o u t
A 2.3. find
shouldn’t / crystal
out
B baby / cot / crawl/ nappy
teenager / exams / spots / jeans
4. rushed / getting middle-aged / bank loan /
5. said marriage / debts
6. scared / threatened old / pension / walking stick /
retirement

C 2.3. She’s
He’s going to be late.
going to have a baby.
4. She’s going to post it.
5. They’re going to get divorced.
6. We’re going to crash.
7. It’s going to rain.

D 2.3. was / saw

haven’t seen
4. did you meet
5. met / was working
6. do you live
7. have been living
8. do you like
9. is / like

139
 Key

E 2.3. You shouldn’t have driven so fast.

We should have booked a room.
4. He should have phoned her in time.
5. They should have gone to bed earlier.
6. You should have applied for the job.
7. They shouldn’t have got married.

F 1.2. SoHowamoldI. are you going to be?

3. Hold on! I’ll prove it if you want.
4. Look! Here’s my passport.
5. I think I should tell you something.
6. It’s my twin brother’s passport.
7. He’s had a face-lift.

140
 Work-out unit 34/3

O b j e c t i v e s

In Unit 34/3:

You made predictions about the future: “I have a feeling

that you’ll be going on a long journey soon” / “You’re bound to
find a job by looking in the vacancies section”.

You’ve seen how to talk about the future without using

a future tense. With security: “You are certain to go on a long
journey; with probability: “You are bound to pass your exams”.

You wrote a report about an accident: “A red Buick had

been in a collision with a taxi”. You explained the cause of
the accident: “The driver of the Buick said a taxi had bumped
into her car” / “The taxi driver said that the Buick had been travell -
ing at great speed, and had not observed the traffic signal”. You
specified where the accident took place: “I arrived on the
scene of the accident on 54th East and 65th North”.

Again you have practised the past tenses: “He also stat -
ed that the occupant had been listening to very loud music”.

The vocabulary in this unit has been related to ‘traffic’:

‘driver, speed, 25 m.p.h., traffic signal, pedestrian, sidewalk…’

unit 34/3 141

 Scenarios
I ain’t done nothing, lady

‘Ain’t’ is a colloquial contraction of ‘am/is/are not’ and ‘have/has

n o t ’. It was the second word ever spoken in a ‘talkie’ (a ‘talking’
movie): “You ain’t seen nuthin (nothing) yet!” (Al Johnson). Also
very common are ‘wanna’ (want to): “what do you wanna do?”;
‘gonna’ (going to): “what are you gonna do?”; ‘gotta’ ([have] got
to): “what’ve you gotta do?”. The answer to all 3 questions could
be: “I dunno” (don’t know).

Notice also that in the original sentence (and in Al Johnson’s

sentence) we can see a double negative. Everything we have
seen here is common, but strictly incorrect English!

Get it off your chest, it can’t be that bad

‘To get something off your chest’ is to say something you have
wanted to say for some time. You are anxious to say it. In the
example, the use of ‘that’ is colloquial: ‘that’ takes the place of ‘so’.

A You’re waiting for the bus like every morning, when you see a colleague.
You ask him:“What are you doing here?”. He replies:
1. “The same to you”
2. “The same as you”
3. “The same than you”
And he adds:
1. “I’ll take the bus to work”
2. “I’m going take the bus to work”
3. “I’m taking the bus to work”
You ask him:
1. “But you’ve got a car, haven’t got you?”
2. “But you’ve got a car, don’t you have?”
3. “But you’ve got a car, haven’t you?”
Your colleague says:
1. “It’s getting repair”
2. “I’m having it repaired”
3. “It is been repairing”
He explains:
1. “A cyclist crashed into the car and broke the windscreen”
2. “A cyclist broke into the car and crashed the windscreen”
3. “A cyclist bumped onto the car and broke the windscreen”

142
 Structures

E x p r e s s i n g a s s u m p t i o n s

When we want to make a deduction about what is

happening, or happened, or will happen, we can use the
modal verbs, may, might, must, can, could. Now let’s look
at some other ways to express a supposition:

will

· “Call him at the office. He’ll still be working.”

(I suppose he is still working now. This is not a future
action. It is what he is doing now).

· “Let’s call on them. They’ll have come back from their

holidays” (I suppose they have returned).

be sure / be certain / be bound to

· “Alan is sure to lend you some money. He always helps his

friends” (In our opinion he will definitely lend you the
money).

· “England is certain to win the match. The other team is

much worse.”

· “He’s bound to come. He never misses a party.”

The three expressions are interchangeable.

143
 Work-out
A Complete the sentences by choosing the correct preposition

1. The vehicles were travelling at / by / in high speed when the accident happened.
2. A taxi driver bumped over / against / into a tourist’s car.
3. So, this is the new flat. When are you going to move in / on / into?
4. Yesterday my friend collided of / between / with a lorry.
5. The actress fainted because of / by / for the heat.
6. You were lucky not to be knocked up / down / in!

B Arrange the words to form sentences

1. living earning soon should you start a

You should start earning a living soon.
2. off chest get your it

3. straight get I’ll onto away it

4. bound find you’re to job a

5. feeling going soon journey I have you’ll on be a a

C Rewrite the sentences in the indirect form

1. I was driving at 25 m.p.h. She said she’d been driving at 25 m.p.h.

2. I’m only trying to earn a living. He said
3. I wasn’t able to avoid the collision. She said
4. She didn’t stop at the traffic lights. He said
5. She was listening to music. He stated
6. I didn’t want to knock anyone down. She stated

144
 Work-out
D Match the phrases to form the correct sentence

1. You can find a job (a) by not driving so fast.

2. You can save money
3. Sam made herself taller
4. They made an appointment
5. You can learn a lot
6. You can get something off your chest
7. You can avoid car accidents
(b) by reading books.
(c) by buying less.
(d) by looking at the situations vacant ads.
(e) by standing on tiptoe.
(f) by talking to your friends.
(g) by phoning the receptionist.

E Rewrite the sentences using bound to or likely to

1. He’s sure to have an accident.

He’s bound to have an accident.
2. I’m certain he’ll find a job.

3. You might get a parking ticket.

4. I’m certain they won’t be here on time.

5. I’m sure he’ll move soon.

6. Joanna’s probably going to pass her exams.

7. Careful! You might fall on the sidewalk.

145
 Work-out
F Complete the dialogue

1. Do you mind if I have a word with you, William?

I need a dictionary / Sure! What’s up? / I don’t mind waiting

2. Well, I don’t know if I should talk about it.

Come on, get it off your chest! / How would you talk about it? / You smoke too
much, you know

3. You see, I have premonitions.

I’ve got 3 sisters, too / What? For breakfast? / Do you really?

4. Yeah. I’m not joking. This is serious. I have these feelings.

Go on / That’s a coincidence! I’m tired, too / Do you feel OK?

5. Well, listen to this. I don’t know about me, but I have this feeling you’re bound
to change jobs!
How do you know? / I didn’t have time / I know all about you

6. I just said, it’s a feeling that I have and which I can’t explain.
Well, I hope you’re right / Well, let’s have something to eat / Yes, I’ll have the same

Just wait and see!

146
 Word list

Here are the new words you have seen in this lesson

O n t h e r o a d
bystander
cause (to-)
collide (to-)
collision
crossroad(s)
cyclist
main road
miles per hour (m.p.h.)
occupant
parking ticket
pedestrian
road sign
roadway
sidewalk (USA)
speed (to-)
traffic signal
vehicle
windscreen

G e n e r a l v o c a b u l a r y
be bound to (to-)
be certain to (to-)
earn a living (to-)
get something off your chest (to-)
get onto (to-)
hunch

147
 Word list

...

I guess
in no time
observe (to-)
premonition
put right (to-)
scene
state (to-)
tiptoe (on-)
vacancy
What’s up?

148
 Key

S c e n a r i o s
A ‘The same as you.’
‘I’m taking the bus to work.’
‘But you’ve got a car, haven’t you?’
‘I’m having it repaired.’
‘A cyclist crashed into the car and broke the windscreen.’

W o r k - o u t
A 2.3. ininto B 2.3. Get it off your chest.
I’ll get onto it straight away.
4. with 4. You’re bound to find a job.
5. of 5. I have a feeling you’ll be going
6. down on a journey soon.

C 2.3. He said he was only trying to earn a living.

She said she hadn’t been able to avoid the collision.
4. He said she hadn’t stopped at the traffic lights.
5. He stated she had been listening to music.
6. She stated she hadn’t wanted to knock anyone down.

D 2.3. (c)(e) E 2.3. You’re

He’s bound to find a job.
likely to get a parking ticket.
4. (g) 4. They’re bound not to be here on time.
5. (b) 5. He’s bound to move soon.
6. (f) 6. Joanna’s likely to pass her exams.
7. (a) 7. You’re likely to fall on the sidewalk.

F 1.2. Come
Sure. What’s up?
on, get it off your chest!
3. Do you really?
4. Go on.
5. How do you know?
6. Well, I hope you’re right.

149
 Work-out unit 34/4

O b j e c t i v e s

In Unit 34/4:

You off e red to help someone who had had an accident:

“Are you alright, miss?” / “Let me help you”.

You learned how to blame somebody: “It was your

fault!”

You have seen how to react to a tense situation: “OK!

Let’s all calm down” / “Can’t we discuss this in a civilised man -
ner?”

We have looked at diff e rent ways of giving advice: “ I

hope you’re insured” / “You’d better have a good lawyer!” /
“You should both look where you’re going”; and ways of
saying what might have happened: “ You could have killed
me” / “The accident could have been much worse”.

We saw the way events are reported in a newspaper:

“Dancer sues careless driver” / “She suffered a broken leg and
is now unable to work” / “Diva is suing for damages and loss of
income”.

You have learned more legal vocabulary: ‘insured, law -

unit 34/4
yer, courts, sue, damages…’

151
 Scenarios
Excuse me, I didn’t mean to get in your way

What does ‘ m e a n ’ mean? Well, in this example it is ‘have the

intention’. I am apologising because I got in someone’s way
without intending to. You already know‘ m e a n ’ as ‘to signify’.
For example, ‘ m a y b e ’ means ‘ p e rhaps’. Other ‘ m e a n i n g s ’ are:
‘want to say’: “I don’t know what you mean”; and sometimes we
can use ‘mean’ like ‘should’: “We are meant to go this way”. As an
adjective ‘mean’ is ‘unpleasant’, ‘not generous’, ‘nasty’: “He’s so
mean, he never buys a round of drinks”, “What a mean thing to
say!”.

What the hell are you doing up there?

An exclamation used for emphasis. ‘Hell’ is where we go if we

don’t get into ‘Heaven’ (Paradise).You recently saw exclama-
tions using ‘God’. H e re are some which use the other guy (‘The
Devil’, ‘Satan’, ‘Old Nick’)! “What the Devil are you talking
about?” is the same as our example. If someone does some-
thing wrong, we can say: “He’ll have the Devil to pay”.

A You arrive at a coffee shop to meet a friend, but see that she isn’t there. You go
to the bathroom, and find your friend, cleaning her blouse. You ask her:“What
have you done to your blouse?”
1. “I got here a few minutes ago and sat down to wait for you”
2. “I arrived since few minutes ago and sat waiting for you”
3. “I arrived some minutes ago and sat down waiting for you”
She continues:
1. “There did be a couple with a boy next to me”
2. “There was this couple with a boy sitting next to me”
3. “There were a couple with a boy sat next to me”
She adds: “and they ordered some drinks”. Then she says:
1. “When the waiter bringed the drinks”
2. “When the waiter brought the drinks”
3. “When the waiter was bringing any drinks”

1. “the boy got up, standing in his way”

2. “the boy got in his way”
3. “the boy got up and had his way”
She concludes: “The waiter fell over him and the drinks got spilled all over my blouse!”

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 Structures

In the way / on the way / by the way

Watch out! These three structures look very similar, and are
easily confused, but they have very different meanings.

in the way

A ‘way’ can be a route between two places. If someone is

‘in the way’, they are an obstacle to you:

· “I can’t get the car out of the garage – your bike’s in

the way.”

You can also say someone is ‘in his/your way’:

· “Can’t you see you’re in his way?”. If we want to tell

someone they are in our way, we say: “Get out
of my way!”

on the way

If you are ‘on the way’ you are travelling or approaching

your destination:

· “We were on our way to the station, when the bomb went off.”
· “On the way home I saw these lovely flowers, and I got them
for you.”

by the way

We say ‘by the way’ to change the subject of a conversation,

often when we have just remembered something we
wanted to say. Look at this dialogue:

You: “I’m trying to find a new job.”

Your friend: “Really? I’m sure you’ll find something.”
You: “By the way, did you remember to bring my camera?”

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 Work-out
A Complete the words associated with accidents

1. No way! I’m taking you to court, and they can decide the outcome!
2. Look what you’ve done to my car! I hope you’re i _ s _ r _ d!
3. Yes, I’m afraid so. Look, here’s my l _ w _ e _ ’s number if you want to contact him,
though.
4. Now listen to me! It was all your fault. I’m going to s _ e you for every penny
you’ve got.
5. Uh, yes, I am, although I think the p _ l _ _ y has just run out.
6. Lawyers! Too right! I’m going to take l _ g _ l action young man! Do you hear me?
7. Look! I’m awfully sorry. Can’t we sort this out in a c _ v _ l _ s _ d manner?
8. I’m sure there’s no need for that. There must be a way of coming to some sort of
a _ r _ e _ e _ t.
9. Are you trying to say you’re not c _ v _ r _ d?

B Put the above dialogue into the correct order

a. 2 b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

C Fill in the gaps with the correct form of these verbs

ask / say / look / knock / shout / stop

1. She accepted the job without asking about the salary.

2. The unfriendly man left without
3. They couldn’t discuss the problem without
4. She crossed the road without
5. He opened the door without
6. The children ran all the way home without
goodbye.
at the top of their voices.
to see if there were any cars coming.

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 Work-out
D Complete the table

INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE

break broke broken
come
do
drive
know
run
see
sit
take
win

E Write complete sentences using the prompts and could have

1. Mike bumped into a pedestrian yesterday. he / hurt himself / badly

He could have hurt himself badly.
2. The accident wasn’t too serious. it / be / worse

3. He didn’t apply for the job. he / get / it

4. Why didn’t you enter the competition? you / win / it

5. You didn’t come last night. you / help me

6. Why did you jump out of the window? you / kill yourself

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 Work-out
F Complete the newspaper article with the correct form of the verbs

Yesterday, an accident / take place / took place on Broadway when Mr Slim /run/
over Diva, the well-known singer/dancer as she /cross/
the road. She /not be/ seriously injured,
although she /have/ a broken leg as a result of the accident.
She /decide/ to sue Mr Slim, who /take/
to hospital suffering from shock. It /not know/
yet if Mr Slim /have/ a valid insurance
policy at the time of the accident. Meanwhile, the actress /express/
her faith in the legal system and /hope/ for a speedy outcome
to this unfortunate incident.

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 Word list

Here are the new words you have seen in this lesson

I n s u r a n c e & l e g a l a c t i o n
be covered (to-)
claim (to-)
come to an agreement (to-)
damages
income
insurance
insurance company
insure (to-)
loss
policy
reach an agreement (to-)
run out (to-)
sue (to-)
take legal action (to-)
take someone to court (to-)
valid

G e n e r a l v o c a b u l a r y
at the top of one’s voice
bowl
civilized
faith
in the way
maniac
manner
outcome
run over (to-)
sort
speedy
spill (to-)
unfortunate
unfriendly

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 Key

S c e n a r i o s
A ‘I‘There
got here a few minutes ago and sat down to wait for you.’
was this couple with a boy sitting next to me.’
‘When the waiter brought the drinks.’
‘the boy got in his way.’

W o r k - o u t
A 2.3. insured
lawyer’s
B (a)(b) 25
4. sue (c) 9
5. policy (d) 3
6. legal (e) 6
7. civilised (f) 7
8. agreement (g) 4
9. covered (h) 8
(i) 1

C 2.3. saying
shouting
D come / came / come
do / did / done
4. looking drive / drove / driven
5. knocking know / knew / known
6. stopping run / ran / run
see / saw / seen
sit / sat / sat
take / took / taken
win / won / won

E 2.3. He
It could have been worse.
could have got it.
F ran
was crossing
4. You could have won it. wasn’t
5. You could have helped me. has
6. You could have killed yourself. has decided
was taken
isn’t yet known
had
has expressed
hopes

158