Hooke’s law

When a force acts on a material, the material will be derformed.

If it is made longer, the force is called tension, and the extra length is called extension.

If it is made smaller, both the force and decrease in size are called compression (negative
extension).

Hooke’s law

States that the force needed to extend a spring is proportional to the extension of the
spring. A material will only obey this law if it has not passed the limit of proportionality. If
when a force is removed, the spring returns to its original shape, the elastic limit has not
been passed.

F = kx

Where F is the force applied, k is the extension / spring constant and x is the extension.El

Elastic strain energy

This is the energy stored in a material sample when it is deformed:

E.S.E = ½ Fx

Work from force-extention and force-compression graphs

The area under these graphs equals the work done.