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components / toxins in
cigarettes get into the blood
vessels
Blockage of Small
Arteries
Deficient Knowledge
Blockage of Coronary
Artery
Intervention :
1. Instruct patient to notify
nurse immediately when Intervention :
chest pain occurs. 1. Provide insulating warmth with
2. Assess and document gloves, socks and other outerwear as
patient response to appropriate.
medication. 2. Keep room temperatures
3. Identify precipitating comfortably warm.
event, if any: frequency, 3. Instruct the client to warm himself
duration, intensity, and with warm drinks or baths.
location of pain. 4. Never apply a direct heat source to
4. Observe for associated the extremities. Limited blood flow
symptoms: dyspnea, nausea combined occur with normal
and vomiting, dizziness, circulation.
palpitations, desire to 5. Teach the client about the
micturate. vasoconstrictive effects of nicotine
5. Evaluate reports of pain in and caffeine, emotional stress, and
duration, intensity, and with warm drinks or baths.
location of pain. 4. Never apply a direct heat source to
4. Observe for associated the extremities. Limited blood flow
symptoms: dyspnea, nausea combined occur with normal
and vomiting, dizziness, circulation.
palpitations, desire to 5. Teach the client about the
micturate. vasoconstrictive effects of nicotine
5. Evaluate reports of pain in and caffeine, emotional stress, and
jaw, neck, shoulder, arm, or chilling, discuss ways to avoid or
hand (typically on left side). minimize these risk factors.
6. Place patient at complete 6. Teach the client to avoid
rest during anginal episodes. constricting clothes, such as garters,
7. Elevate head of bed if knee-high stockings and belts.
patient is short of breath. 7. If overreplacement of
8. Monitor heart rate and glucocortiocoid is indicated, inform
rhythm the client about the purpose of therapy
9. Monitor vital signs every and possible adverse effects such as
5 min during initial anginal cushingoid appearance, weight gain,
attack. acne, hirsutism, peptic ulcer, diabetes
mellitus, osteoporosis, infection,
muscular weakness, mood swings,
cataracts and hypertension.
Uncontrol nutrition intake
(he just eat what he wants)
Deficient Knowledge
open reduction internal
fixation of the right femoral
fracture
Osteoarthritis