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3 0 0 0 .1 .

1= 11:05AM

2= 11:15AM

3= 11:25AM

4= 11:35AM

5= 11:45AM

.6M NaHCO3 concentration at normal light

Sample 11:19 am 11:29 am 11:39 am 11:49am 11:59


1 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
2 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
3 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

1= 11:03AM

2= 11:13AM

3= 11:23AM

4= 11:33AM

5= 11:43AM

Note: The Numbers place in the graphs is the mL that the elodea absorbed. If
there is no change it means that elodea didn´t absorbed.

Conclusion and evaluation:

As elodea absorbed the CO2 (plant is given C02 in form of NaHCO3), it produced
oxygen gas which increase the mL acquired by elodea. As predicted, when
NaHCO3 concentration increased, the plant is able to obtain more CO2, so the rate
of reaction go up. But at a certain light it will slow down because, elodea need light
to do the reaction, so it will require more light than the one it gets.
..::Germination::..
Objective: this practice will show the rate of germination can have variation if
the type of soil or place where is placed the seed.

Introduction :
A seed is an enclosed, protected package of cells surrounding a miniature
plant, the embryo, that can grow to form a copy of the plant bearing it. Seeds
thus serve to spread andpropagate plants, but they can also help the plant
survive unfavorable climatic conditions, such as a freezing winter, in the
form of the protected embryo.
A typical seed consists of three main parts. The outer layer, or seed coat,
protects the interior contents against drying out, infection, and attack by
predators, and noxious chemicals in the environment; it may also bear hooks
or other structures that attach the seed to passing animals, aiding
dissemination. The innermost structure is the embryo, complete with root tip,
stem tip, and specialized seed leaves called cotyledons. Between these two
structures lies the endosperm, cells containing stored food that the
embryo digests and uses as an energy source when it starts to grow.
Sometimes, as in beans, the stored food is in the cotyledons of the embryo
rather than in separate endosperm cells.
<http://www.bookrags.com/research/germination-and-growth-plsc-02/>
All seeds require access to adequate moisture and oxygen and a suitable
temperature regime before they can germinate. The seeds of some species
must also be exposed to light before they will germinate, although others are
inhibited by this condition. The seeds of many plants are capable of
germinating as soon as they ripen. In most cases, such seeds are dispersed
into the environment, where if they encountered suitable conditions, they
quickly germinate to establish a seedling. In rare cases, such as the
red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), the seed actually germinates while still
attached to the parent plant, an unusual habitat known as viviparity.
<http://www.bookrags.com/research/germination-wob/>
The soil plays an important role on germination rate, if the soil is reach on
vitamins and is perfecto for germination the plant will germinate faster than
in a soil that is unfertile. The soil will be the variable used in this experiment,
i will use fertile soil and Perlite that is an amorphous volcanic glass that has
a relatively high water content, typically formed by the hydration of obsidian.
It occurs naturally and has the unusual property of greatly expanding when
heated sufficiently. It is an industrial mineral and a commercial product
useful for its light weight after processing.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlite>

Hypothesis: due to the properties of the perlite like smooth and high water
absorbent also not so dense, will help the seed to germinate faster. This is
the variables
Controlled:
Soil
Water
Light
Dependent:
Germination rate
Independent:
moisture
pressure
I use this controlled variables because are the variables that controlled
germination rate, soil controlled germination rate, water the amount of water
will be the same to all the plants, the light, helps to initiate the germination
Procedure:
1. Fill 6 cups with 100 ml of perlite and 3 cups with 100ml of fertile soil and
make 3 holes at the bottom of .5 cm of diameter
2. Plant at 1cm deep 3 seeds of Helianthus annuus commonly known as
sunflower, with 2 cm of space between them, fill each cup with the previous
specifiations
3. after this merge into each cup 100 ml of water 3 times per day
4. And placed at 25 °C in a 24h-light place.
5. Repeat this 3 times for better and accurate results
Results:
PLANT soil DAY 1 DAY2 DAY3 DAY4
1 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More
leaves
2 PERLITE NOTHING Seed leaves More
brokes leaves
3 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More
leaves
4 PERLITE NOTHING Seed leaves More
brokes leaves
5 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More
leaves
6 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More
leaves
7 FERTILE NOTHING Seed roots leaves
SOIL brokes
8 FERTILE NOTHING roots leaves leaves
SOIL
9 FERTILE NOTHING Seed roots leaves
SOIL brokes

As we can see the perlite plants germinate and grow faster than on fertile
soil this is cause its properties.
PLANT soil DAY 1 DAY2 DAY3 DAY4

1 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More


leaves

2 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More


leaves
3 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More
leaves

4 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More


leaves

5 PERLITE NOTHING Seed leaves More


brokes leaves

6 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More


leaves

7 FERTILE NOTHING Seed roots leaves


SOIL brokes

8 FERTILE NOTHING Seed roots leaves


SOIL brokes
PLANT soil DAY 1 DAY2 DAY3 DAY4
1 PERLITE NOTHING Seed brokes leaves More leaves
9 FERTILE NOTHING Seedbrokes roots leaves
2 PERLITE NOTHING Seed leaves More leaves
3 PERLITE
SOIL NOTHING roots
brokes leaves More leaves
4 PERLITE NOTHING roots roots leaves
5 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More leaves
6 PERLITE NOTHING roots leaves More leaves
7 FERTILE NOTHING Seed brokes roots leaves
SOIL
8 FERTILE NOTHING Seed brokes roots leaves
SOIL
9 FERTILE NOTHING Seed brokes roots leaves
SOIL

table 1

The germination of the seed consist of having the correct properties in order
to break the seed and began the growth of the roots. In the table 1 we can
observe already roots with the ones that were planted on perlite, aslo we
observed that the ones with ferile soil, the soil was more compacted and
that’s may be reason why some of them doesn’t develop roots on the second
day. Also on the third day we saw that they shown leaves ore one leave, this
is beacause the density of the perlite and also the transparency, the perlite is
white so it reflects all the light making the root and the leaves to absorb more
light during the growth, at the fourth day we can observe that the formation
of more leaves was notory, the seeds planted ongfertile soil were not as
bushy as the others planted on perlite. We identify some characteristics of
the plants in perlite, they were a lo hidrated than the other ones, because the
have more amount of water to absorb.

Also we can be inferre that this may have some difficulties after germination
with the plants that were planted on perlite, due to its favorable properties for
germination, like his low density and huge water absorbsance, make it
desfavorable for the plant to grow strong and straight, this is because the
palnt is so hidrated that if it grows bigger it may broke and also due to the
low density of perlite.
Conlusion:
Due to the results we conclude that perlite certianly accelerate the process of
germination and helps the gardeners to make more plants in less time, but
they need the both types of soil because after they grow they are needed to
trranspasses to the fertile soil in order to grow strong andstraight. This may
also helpr to reduce the time in the garden industry, and in the production of
food and all that.
The results obtained from the previous experiment established that the
perlite soil increases the germination rate radicaly, this is beacuse of its
properties that absobs water and maintain the humidity and the same
temperature.
This will lead us

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