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Acknowledgement
First of all I would like to thank the Almighty for giving me the opportunity and
the ability to work with this project. Next up I would thank Skills College of
Technology and my lecturer for giving me the adequate knowledge and support
of completing the project. At last but not at least, I would thank my parents, my
friends and all other individuals who were a part of pushing me forward to work
with the project.
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Contents
Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................... 2
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 4
LINEAR SURVEYING TERMINOLOGY .................................................................................... 5
Various technical terms used in connection with the network triangle in surveying: ..................... 6
Principles of Chain Surveying: ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
THE EQUIPMENTS USED TO COMPLETE LINEAR SURVEYING ..................................... 10
A Chain: ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Ranging Poles: .................................................................................................................................. 10
Arrows: ............................................................................................................................................. 10
Pegs: .................................................................................................................................................. 10
PERFORMED LINEAR SURVEYS ............................................................................................ 11
Apparatus and Instruments: .............................................................................................................. 11
Procedure: ......................................................................................................................................... 11
FIELD NOTES ............................................................................................................................. 12
SUMMARY OF COMPLETED SURVEY .................................................................................. 13
REFERENCES: .................................................................................................................................... 14
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INTRODUCTION
Surveying plays a major role in the process of construction. This is a
report prepared about Chain Surveying. This includes the definition for the
terminology Chain Surveying, the equipments used, and the methodology of the
process of a chain survey performed by me and my colleagues.
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LINEAR SURVEYING TERMINOLOGY
Linear Surveying also known as Chain Surveying is the simplest form of
detail surveying.
In this method the lengths of lines are marked on the fields are
measured.
It is a method of surveying that is suitable for small areas with simple
details, whereas is not applicable with large areas and difficult countries.
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Various technical terms used in connection with the network triangle in
surveying:
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LINEAR SURVEYING TERMINOLOGY
Linear Surveying also known as Chain Surveying is the simplest form of
detail surveying.
In this method the lengths of lines are marked on the fields are
measured.
It is a method of surveying that is suitable for small areas with simple
details, whereas is not applicable with large areas and difficult countries.
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Various technical terms used in connection with the network triangle in
surveying:
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The main station should be inter-visible and the main
principle of surveying should be strictly observed.
The lines should be measured in an order avoiding
unnecessary walking between stations.
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THE EQUIPMENTS USED TO COMPLETE
LINEAR SURVEYING
A Chain:
Chains are 20m, 25m, 30m, or 50m long and are divided into 100
or 150 links.
Depending on the materials are classified into three as;
1. Linen tapes (1cm accuracy)
2. Glass tapes (2mm accuracy)
3. Steel tapes (1mm accuracy)
Ranging Poles:
Wooden/ Aluminum poles with a pointed steel shoe at one end
for planting in the ground.
Generally circular in section and painted in alternate bands of
colours (red and white, red, black and white or black and white).
Bands are either 200m or 500m and the colours are for sighting
purpose.
Arrows:
Made of steel wire, one end is curved into a ring and the other is
made pointed.
Used to mark up the chain lengths.
Pegs:
Made of wood, metal or concrete.
Wooden pegs can be made for a cross section of 10x10mm or
50x50mm and with a height of 150mm or 600mm.
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PERFORMED LINEAR SURVEYS
Apparatus and Instruments:
A chain
2 tapes (a fiber tape and a steel tape)
4 poles
Field book
Procedure:
We started with a preliminary survey of the area and selected a
suitable Benchmark and stations.
We measured all the chain lines once in each direction using the
direct measurement method.
We then measured the ties from every necessary point on the
detail to the corresponding base line.
We also measured on the details.
Besides that, we then recorded all the information and
measurements properly in the field book.
Finally we drew all the details in a suitable scale to produce a
detailed map of the area.
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FIELD NOTES
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SUMMARY OF COMPLETED SURVEY
Chain surveying is the simplest way of detail surveying. In this method
we measured and marked the lengths of lines on the field, while
measuring the details by offsets and ties from these lines. We were
expected to submit a descriptive report besides the final plan of the area
surveyed.
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REFERENCES:
CHAIN SURVEYING. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com.
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