Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Electrical Motor
Theory Application to
Electric Motors
The Basic of Electric Motor
Rotate Magnetic Field
Alternating current
The phase
windings A, B and
C are placed 120
degrees apart.
Single Phase Induction Motor
Rotate Magnetic Field
Alternating current
INSULATED
ELECTRICAL
WINDINGS FRAME
Consist of copper To provide
wires, insulated with mechanical
varnish, which are protection
fitted into insulated and support
slotted laminations for windings
Slots are made from
high grade alloy
steel to reduce the
effects of eddy
currents
SHAFT
.. Shaft is placed inside the rotor, so when rotor rotates
then actually shaft rotates ..
BEARINGS
-Rotator is mounted on bearings to reduce friction on both sides
-Usually ball and roller bearings are used to suit heavy duty, trouble
free running and enhanced service life.
FAN
.. Used to for adequate circulation of cooling air ; securely
keyed onto the rotor shaft ..
TERMINAL BOX
.. Used for holding stator windings and rotor windings ..
END COVERS
.. Provide support for the rotor assembly ..
AC MOTOR
Asynchronous/Induction Motors
Stator
Squirrel-Cage Rotor
/rotor winding
ROTOR - Squirrel-Cage Rotor
ROTOR BAR
ROTOR - Squirrel-Cage Rotor
Enclosure
The enclosure consists of a frame (or yoke) and two end
brackets (or bearing housings). The stator is mounted inside the
frame. The rotor fits inside the stator with a slight air gap
separating it from the stator. There is NO direct physical
connection between the rotor and the stator.
EMF EMF
Rotor A+B+C Stator
Nr >> Slip
Fr = S*Fs
Rotating Magnetic Field
120 f
ns
p
Where; p = is the number of poles, and
f = the frequency of supply
RMF(Rotating Magnetic Field)
a Fc
b’ 1.5
c’
Fa F t = t0= t4
1 F
c Fa Fc
b 0.5
a’ Fb 0
Fb
-0.5
t = t0= t4 -1
-1.5
-93 10 113 216
F Space angle () in degrees
Fb Fc
a Fb
b’ a a
c’ b’ b’
c’ c’
Fa
b c
F b c b c
a’ Fc ’ Fc a’
a Fb
t = t2 t = t3
t = t1
F
Induction Motor Speed
120 f
ns
p
n s lip n s y n c n m
Where, nslip = slip speed
nsync = speed of the magnetic field
nm = mechanical shaft speed of the motor
Slip
So far, so good. But of course we already
know that AC motors are known as
asynchronous motors. This is because
the rotor field does not follow the stator
field in perfectly synchronous motion.
Slip s
The rotor speed of an Induction machine is different from the speed of
Rotating magnetic field. The % difference of the speed is called slip.
ns nr
s OR n r n s (1 s )
ns
Where; ns = synchronous speed (rpm)
nr = mechanical speed of rotor (rpm)
under normal operating conditions, s= 0.01 ~ 0.05, which is very small
and the actual speed is very close to synchronous speed.
Note that : s is not negligible
Slip and Rotor Speed
Rotor Speed
When the rotor move at rotor speed, nr (rps), the stator flux will circulate
the rotor conductor at a speed of (ns-nr) per second. Hence, the
frequency of the rotor is written as:
Note :
fr (ns nr ) p
120 f
At stator : ns p
sf
Where; s = slip f
ns p
.....( i )
120
f = supply frequency 120 f
At Rotor : ns nr p
(ns nr ) p
fr .....( ii )
120
( ii ) ( i ) : f r s. f
When the rotor is blocked (s=1) , the frequency of the induced voltage is equal
to the supply frequency
On the other hand, if the rotor runs at synchronous speed (s = 0), the
frequency will be zero
Where does torque
and speed come
from?
Nameplate
EXERCISE TIME
58
Example
59