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Lecture 2:
Energy Equation for Reactors
Brian G. Higgins
Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science
University of California, Davis
Email: bghiggins@ucdavis.edu
Lecture notes posted at
http://www.ekayasolutions.com
Analysis of Chemical Reactors
and the Connecting Disciplines
Thermodynamics Fluid Mechanics
Kinetics
Chemical Mathematics
Reactor
or
but
If temperature to high equilibrium can limit conversion
and
High temperatures can lead to hot spots and reactor failure
Analysis of Nonisothermal Reactors
Mass flow rate
Molar concentration
Reactor
Total energy
Control volume V
Reactor
Total energy
Control volume V
Inlet pressure
Exit pressure
Fluid density
Energy Terms
reactor volume/mass
but composition
Reactor volume
Definition for enthalpy
Heat capacity
Coefficient of expansion
Constant Pressure Liquid Batch Reactor
Step 1
or
At what rate must heat be removed to maintain reactor at 300 K to reach a conversion of 90%?
Solution:
Species balance:
Species balance:
Stoichiometry:
Conservation of mass:
Adiabatic Liquid Batch Reactor
Example 2 continued
=0
Energy Balance:
Integrating:
Reactor Parameters:
Species balance:
Species balance:
By inspection
Reactor
Total energy
Control volume V
Enthalpy relation:
Steady State:
Then
Steady State Energy Balance for CSTR
Example 1
Solution:
Steady state species balances:
Solution continued
Rate Expression
Steady State Energy Balance for CSTR
Example 1 continued
Solution continued
Rate Expression
Species balance
Working equation
Reactor volume
Enthalpy Expression Substitute
or