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What is UV radiation?
The sun emits electromagnetic radiation of different energy or
wavelengths. Some of the radiation, such as that making up the
colours of rainbow, is visible which our eyes can see. The part of
radiation beyond the violet end of visible light is called ultraviolet
(UV) radiation which our eyes cannot see.
UVA, UVB and UVC
Factors affecting the groundlevel UV intensity
Application of UV radiation in daily life
UVA, UVB and UVC
UV radiation can be classified as UVA, UVB and UVC according to the
energy or wavelength. UV radiation reaching the earth's surface
consists mostly of UVA and some UVB, as all UVC and most of the
UVB are absorbed by the atmosphere. The main characteristics of
UVA, UVB and UVC are shown in the following table.
( 1 nanometre = 0.000000001 metre or 1x109 metre)
Reference:
"Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide" , World Health Organization, 2002
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Factors affecting the groundlevel UV intensity
Factor Influence on UV intensity at the Earth's
surface
Varies with time of the year, time of the
Position of the
day and the latitude. The higher the sun's
sun
position, the higher the UV intensity.
Ozone absorbs UV radiation. The more
Amount of
abundant the ozone in the upper
ozone in the
atmosphere, the less UV radiation
atmosphere
reaches the Earth's surface.
Clouds, rain, UV radiation is both absorbed and
fog and haze scattered by clouds, rain, fog and haze.
Most natural surfaces such as grass, soil
and water reflect less than 10% of UV
Ground radiation. However, fresh snow strongly
reflection reflects around 80% of UV radiation.
S a n d a l s o r e f l e c t s 1 02 5 % o f U V
radiation.
The higher the altitude, the higher the UV
Altitude above intensity. It is because the atmosphere
the sea level gets thinner as we go up, and absorbs
less UV.
Reference:
"Global Solar UV Index An educational tool to reduce risks of skin cancer
and cataract" , Fact Sheet 271, World Health Organization, 2002
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Application of UV radiation in daily life
There are many applications of UV radiation in our daily life. The
following presents some examples.
Type of UV
Application Principle radiation
used
Disinfection of drinking High energy UV radiation UVC
water and sterilization of destroys the DNA of
apparatus bacteria and micro
organism.
Checking of counterfeit Genuine banknotes have UVA
banknotes fluorescent marks that are
visible only under UV light.
UV lamp for picking out
A bug zapper
counterfeit banknotes
Reference:
"Environmental Health Criteria 160: Ultraviolet radiation", published under
the joint sponsorship of the United Nations International programme, the
International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, 1994
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