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ME2401-MECHATRONICS IV/VII MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
1. What are the key elements of Mechatronics system? [AU, April / May - 2010]
sensors and actuators
signals and conditioning
digital logic system
computer and display devices
software and data acquisition
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automation
It ensue the higher efficiency and reliability for the quality of products
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3. What do you understand by signal conditioning? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
A signal conditioning mans manipulating an analog signal in such a way that it meet the requirement
of the next stage for further processing.
4. Give an example for a transducer and state its transduction principle. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5. List any four types of sensors and mention their features. [AU, May / June - 2013]
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1.based on power requirements
passive and active
2.based on the type of output
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high accuracy
high sensitivity
high resolution
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hall effects
capacitive sensors
proximity switches
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operate autonomously.
7. What are the elements of the closed loop control system?
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The various elements of a closed loop control system are, a. Comparison element b. Control element
c. Correction element d. Process element e. Measurement element
8. What are the two types of feedback loop?
The two types of feed back loop are, a. Positive feed back loop b. Negative feed back loop. "The
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feedback is said to be negative/positive feedback when the signal; which is feed back, subtracts/adds from
the input value. It is required to control a system. The control elements decide what action to take when it
receives an error signal"
9. What are the types of control elements?
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There are two types of control elements. They are
a. Hard – wired systems
b. Programmable systems
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computer-controlled machines
11. Obtain the basic functions of control systems.
1. To minimize the error between the actual and desired output
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14. Give an example for open loop system and closed loop systems.
1. Closed loop system – Automatic water level controller
2. open loop system - Electric fire
15. Compare open loop control system and closed loop control system.
Open loop systems
It is suitable where accurate positioning of the tools is not required
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System is very simple
It is suitable for rough works
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Error is not currently checked and rectified
Closed loop systems
The feedback signal controls the table position accurately
Is used almost in all automation process
Its not suitable for rough works
Error is currently checked and rectified
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16.Write about the Mechatronics approach in a micro-processor – controlled washing machine?
In the microprocessor-controlled washing machine, a mechanical system has become integrated
with electronic controls. As a consequence, a bulky mechanical system is replaced by a much more compact
microprocessor system, which is readily adjustable to give a greater variety of programs.
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involving computer – controlled machines, robots, automatic material conveying and overall supervisory
control.
18. List some of the applications of Mechatronics?
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1. Home Appliances: Washing machine, Bread machines etc 2. Automobile: Electrical fuel injection,
Antilock brake system 3. Aircraft: Flight control, Navigation system 4. Automated Manufacturing
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UNIT-II
1.Name the control components in a hydraulic actuation system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.Hydraulic pumpsunit
2.control values
2. Write short notes on the working of a Ratchet and pawl mechanism. [AU, May / June - 2013]
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A wheel provided with suitable shaped teeth, receiving an intermittent circular motion from an
oscillating member is called a Ratchet wheel. In a ratchet and pawl mechanism , the ratchet is based on a
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wheel that has teeth cut out it and a pawl that follows as the wheel turns
3.List any four solid state switches. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
A servo motor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position . It consists of a
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motor coupled to a sensor for position feed back , through reduction gear box
control valve is to direct , regulate the flow of fluid and regulate the pressure in various loading devices. It is
used for sensing , processing , controlling .
8. Define Actuator.
1. Linear motion
2. Rotary Motion
Air motors
Rotary actuators
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3. Flow Control valve
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10. When is cascade control Needed?
The need for cascade control will occur when a final control element experiences signal overlap i.e.
when a trip valve mechanism is still held down , but the output signal has to been used and requires removal
Arrange selector valves to divert the supply to whichever is the active group
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12. Mention the various components of a hydraulic system.
Motor
Filter
Pump
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Pressure Regulator
Control Valve
Piston and cylinder
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System using gas for power transmission are called pneumatic systems and industrial system are usually
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based on air.
Filters are used to prevent dirt or dust entering important elements of hydraulic system like valves,
seals, etc. Filters are used to remove very finer particles.
16. What are the types of pumps used as energy source in a hydraulic system?
65 T.KOUSALYA AP/ECE 2015-2016
The type of air compressor is selected dependent on quality of air, pressure and cleanliness
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18. List the features of synchronous motor.
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19. What is a stepper motor?
A stepper motor is a rotating machine which converts a DC voltage pulse into a series of discrete
rotational steps. Each step position is an equilibrium position without further excitation, this makes it ideally
suitable for the use with digital control
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20. What are the factors to be considered for selecting solenoids?
a. The size of the mechanical load. b. The movement distance of plunger. c. The type of electrical
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connections. d. The type of value of current and voltage.
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UNIT-III
1.What are the features of an operational amplifier? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1. the input current are almost zero
2.High gain, on the order of a million .
3.High input impedance , low output impedance
4.op-amp amplify dc and ac
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2.Defineinertance
Fluid interance is due to fluid inertia such as the in a long pipe. It is defined as
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I=pressure differential/Rate of change of flow rate
3. What are the steps involved in the operation of a digital controller? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
The microprocessor is used to initiate the control mode to process the errors .it is decided by the
microprocessor program. The clock signal is used to synchronize the operation in the ADC,DAC and micro
processor
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4. What do you mean by discrete process controllers? [AU, May / June - 2013]
The process controller which is used to produce discrete pieces of products is called discrete process
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controllers
5.What are the various stages of operation of an adaptive control system? [AU, May / June - 2013
1. Non linearity system 4. estimation 7.computer control
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Its used to indicate the difference between the set value iput and the ouput after transients have died
away
11.list the application of digital system
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1. computers
2.telephony
3.data processing
12. List the basic blocks of electrical systems
1. resistor
2. inductor
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3. capacitor
13. What are the basic blocks of fluid system
1.hydralic system
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2. Pneumatic system
14. What are the basic blocks of hydraulic systems.
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1. hydraulic resistance
2. hydraulicintertance 3. hydraulic capacitance
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UNIT-IV
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3.What is an internal relay in PLC? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
Most PLCs have an area of memory allocated for internal storage that are used to hold data, which
behave like relays. It can able to switch ON and Off . But this is for only internal purpose. This will not
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exist in the real world
4.Define adaptive control. (nov/dec-11)
The control system which can adapt changes and it can change its parameters depending on the
situation .it is known as adaptive control system
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5. What is Shift register? What is the data required for a shift register? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
Shift register can be used where sequence of operation is required or movement or track the flow of
parts and information
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It requires three inputs and the following information is to be provided
1.file-address of the bit array
2.control- addresss of control structure
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The ladder programming involves each program task being specified as though a rung of a ladder.
Thus such a rung could specify that the state of switches A and B, the inputs, be examined and if A and B
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are both closed then a solenoid, the output is energized .
12.List down the different types of timers .
1. on delay
2. off delay
3. retentive timer (RTO )
13.What is mean Retentive timer ?
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Retentive on delay timer (RTO) will hold its accumulated value when timer rung goes false and will
continue timing where it left off when timer rungs goes true again
14. List down the general application of PLC for control.
1. control of a process motor , vibrating machine
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UNIT -V
1.List down the various stages in mechatronic system design. [AU, May / June - 2013]
71 T.KOUSALYA AP/ECE 2015-2016
1.need of design
2.analysis the problem
3.preparation of specification
4.generation of possible solution
5.selection of suitable solution
6.production of detailed design
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7.production of working drawing
8.implementing of design
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2. List the drawbacks of traditional design approach. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.less flexible
2.less accurate
3.more complicate mechanism in design
4.it having more components and moving parts
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3. Compare traditional and mechatronic design. [AU, May / June , - 2013 ]
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s.no Traditional approach Mechatronics approach
1 The cam operated rocker arm mechanism The valve operation is controlled by the
control the valve operation. The rotation of signal received from electronic control
cam is based on the crank rotation unit .The timing of valve operation is pre-
programmed in the micro controller
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2 The engine speed regulation is based on the The engine speed regulation is based on
governor controlled throttle valve. The the input signal from speed sensor,
governor is actuated by the speed of the temperature sensor and MAF sensor.
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crack shaft. The speed control has no effect Based on the sensor information the
on the engine temperature and air flow throttling valve is controlled by micro
controller
3 Spark timing of the spark plug is controlled Spark timing of the spark plug is
by the ignition coil and distributer at controlled by the ignition coil that
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4.Name the sensors used in car Engine management system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1. Air flow sensor
2. Ford type MAP sensor
3. Hall effect and AC excited sensors
5.Write the basic steps of the program to run a stepper motor?
steps1: advance astep by applying a data
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elements such as gear , spring , levers computer technology and control
engineering
2 More complicated mechanism and less complicated mechanism and moving
moving components components
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3 Input through pre-stressing of string Input through battery cell
4 Timing is less accurate Timing is more accurate
7.What is the role of opto – isolator in robot control? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
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TRIAC opto isolator consists of LEDand TRIAC . If the input of the led is 1, it glows and activate
the TRIAC to conduct the current to the solenoid valve. otherwise TRIAC will not conduct the current to
the solenoid valve.
8. What is meant by Duty Cycle? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
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A duty cycle is the time that an entity spends in an active state as a fraction of the total time under
consideration .
9. What is mean by wireless surveillance balloon?
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It is an Aerostats or Tethered balloons which carry surveillance cameras high up in the air to obtain a
broader perspective view of the target area.
10. What is an electronic engine management?
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11. List out the various sensors used in engine management system?
1. Throttle position sensor
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2.EGO sensors
3.MAP sensors
4. temperature sensors
5. Engine position sensors
6.MAF sensors
7.knock sensor
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A typical Mechatronics system should have some of the basic elements such a actuators , sensors ,
signal conditioning elements , digital logic systems. software display etc. As the automatic camera has all
those elements , it is considered s Mechatronics system .
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14. Name the two barriers used in automatic car parking system and state its uses .
There are two barrier used namely in barrier and out barrier . IN barrier is used to open when the
correct money is inserted while out barrier open when the car is detected in front of it
15.list out the various application of the wireless surveillance balloons
1. border security in military
2. enhancing battlefield
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3. coastal surveillance
4.terrestial mapping
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