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Developmental Milestones*
Age Behavior
Sucks
Clears airway
Follows an object moved in an arch above face from one side to the other
Vocalizes sounds
Squeals in delight
Babbles to toys
Plays peek-a-boo
9 mo Sits well
Works to get a toy that is out of reach; objects if toy is taken away
Plays pat-a-cake
Waves bye-bye
18 mo Walks well
2 yr Runs well
3 yr Rides a tricycle
Questions constantly
Copies a cross
5 yr Skips
Copies a triangle
Knows 4 colors
*The sequence is fairly consistent, but the timing of milestones varies; times above represent
median values.
Environmental influences, ranging from nutrition to stimulation and from the impact of
disease to the effects of psychologic factors, interact with genetic factors to determine
the pace and pattern of development.
Motor development: Motor development includes fine motor (eg, picking up small
objects, drawing) and gross motor (eg, walking, climbing stairs) skills. It is a continuous
process that depends on familial patterns, environmental factors (eg, when activity is
limited by prolonged illness), and specific disorders (eg, cerebral palsy, intellectual
disability, muscular dystrophy). Children typically begin to walk at 12 mo, can climb stairs
at 21 mo, and run well at 2 yr, but the age at which these milestones are achieved by
normal children varies widely. Motor development cannot be significantly accelerated by
applying increased stimulation.
Speech progresses from the utterance of vowel sounds (cooing) to the introduction of
syllables that start with consonants (ba-ba-ba). Most children can say “Dada” and
“Mama” specifically by 12 mo, use several words by 18 mo, and combine words into
some sentences by 2 yr. The average 3-yr-old can carry on a conversation. These
milestones are highly variable.
Emotional growth and the acquisition of social skills are assessed by watching children
interact with others in everyday situations. When children acquire speech, the
understanding of their emotional state becomes much more accurate. As with intellect,
emotional functioning can be delineated more precisely with specialized tools.
When will my baby take his first step or say her first word? During their first year, babies start to
develop skills they will use for the rest of their lives. The normal growth of babies can be broken
down into the following areas:
• Gross motor - controlling the head, sitting, crawling, maybe even starting to walk
• Fine motor - holding a spoon, picking up a piece of cereal between thumb and finger
• Sensory - seeing, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling
• Language - starting to make sounds, learning some words, understanding what people
say
• Social - the ability to play with family members and other children
Babies do not develop at the same rate. There is a wide range of what is considered "normal."
Your baby may be ahead in some areas and slightly behind in others. If you are worried about
possible delays, talk to your baby's health care provider.
Alternative Names
Growth milestones for children; Normal childhood growth milestones; Childhood growth
milestones
Information
For every developmental milestone, there is a normal range in which a child may reach that
milestone. For example, walking may begin as early as 8 months or as late as 18 months and
be considered normal. If you have concern about your child's development, call the child's
primary care provider.
One of the reasons for frequent well-child visits to the pediatrician in the early years is to
assess your child's development. Any concerns on the part of the doctors, parents, teachers, or
childcare providers are important to discuss and address, and may trigger a more detailed
developmental assessment.
Below is a general list of some of the things you might see children doing at different ages, but
these are NOT precise guidelines. There are many different normal paces and patterns of
development. This article provides just one example.
Toddler -- 1 to 3 years
Preschooler -- 3 to 6 years
Adolescent -- 12 to 18 years
Simply fill out your child's name, age and today's date and then check off the milestones your child has
already achieved. Then click "Create Checklist."
Child's Name:
Child's Age:
Today's Date: September 30, 2010
Social and Emotional
Begins to develop a social smile
Enjoys playing with other people and may cry when playing stops
Becomes more expressive and communicates more with face and body
Imitates some movements and facial expressions
Movement
Raises head and chest when lying on stomach
Supports upper body with arms when lying on stomach
Stretches legs out and kicks when lying on stomach or back
Opens and shuts hands
Pushes down on legs when feet are placed on a firm surface
Brings hand to mouth
Takes swipes at dangling objects with hands
Interactive Checklist:
Grasps and Bytoys
shakes hand the End of Seven Months
Simply
Vision fill out your child's name, age and today's date and then
checkWatches
off the milestones your child has already achieved. Then click
faces intently
"Create Checklist."
Follows moving objects
Child'sRecognizes familiar objects and people at a distance
Name:
Child'sStarts
Age: using hands and eyes in coordination
Today's Date:September 30, 2010
Hearing and Speech
Smiles at the sound of your voice
Social and Emotional
Enjoys social play
Interested in mirror images
Responds to other people's expressions of emotion and
appears joyful often
Movement
Rolls both ways (front to back, back to front)
Sits with, and then without, support on hands
Supports whole weight on legs
Reaches with one hand
Transfers object from hand to hand
Uses hand to rake objects
Vision
Develops full color vision
nteractive Checklist: By the End of 1 Year (12 Months) Retur
tools p
Simply fill out your child's name, age and today's date and then check off the milestones your child has already
achieved. Then click "Create Checklist." More
Child's Name:
Child's Age:
Today's Date: September 30, 2010
Movement
Reaches sitting position without assistance
Crawls forward on belly
Assumes hands-and-knees position
Creeps on hands and knees
Gets from sitting to crawling or prone (lying on stomach) position
Pulls self up to stand
Walks holding on to furniture
Stands momentarily without support
May walk two or three steps without support
Language
Pays increasing attention to speech
Responds to simple verbal requests
Responds to "no"
Uses simple gestures, such as shaking head for “no”
Babbles with inflection (changes in tone)
Says "dada" and "mama"
Uses exclamations, such as "Oh-oh!"
Tries to imitate words
Cognitive
Explores objects in many different ways (shaking, banging, throwing, dropping)
Finds hidden objects easily
nteractive Checklist: By the End of 2 Years (24 Months)
Simply fill out your child's name, age and today's date and then check off the milestones your child has already achieved
Then click "Create Checklist."
Child's Name:
Child's Age:
Today's Date: September 30, 2010
Movement
Walks alone
Pulls toys behind her while walking
Carries large toy or several toys while walking
Begins to run
Stands on tiptoe
Kicks a ball
Climbs onto and down from furniture unassisted
Walks up and down stairs holding on to support
Language
Points to object or picture when it’s named for him
Recognizes names of familiar people, objects, and body parts
Says several single words (by 15 to 18 months)
Uses simple phrases (by 18 to 24 months)
Uses 2- to 4-word sentences
Follows simple instructions
Repeats words overheard in conversation
Cognitive
Finds objects even when hidden under two or three covers
Begins to sort by shapes and colors
Begins make-believe play
Social
nteractive Checklist: By the End of 3 Years (36 Months)
Simply fill out your child's name, age and today's date and then check off the milestones your child has
already achieved. Then click "Create Checklist."
Child's Name:
Child's Age:
Today's Date: September 30, 2010
Movement
Climbs well
Walks up and down stairs, alternating feet (one foot per stair step)
Kicks ball
Runs easily
Pedals tricycle
Bends over easily without falling
Language
Follows a two- or three-part command
Recognizes and identifies almost all common objects and pictures
Understands most sentences
Understands placement in space ("on," "in," "under")
Uses 4- to 5-word sentences
Can say name, age, and sex
Uses pronouns (I, you, me, we, they) and some plurals (cars, dogs, cats)
Interactive Checklist: By the End of 4 Years (48 Months)
Simply fill out your child's name, age and today's date and then check off the milestones your child has
already achieved. Then click "Create Checklist."
Child's Name:
Child's Age:
Today's Date: September 30, 2010
Movement
Hops and stands on one foot up to five seconds
Goes upstairs and downstairs without support
Kicks ball forward
Throws ball overhand
Catches bounced ball most of the time
Moves forward and backward with agility
Language
Has mastered some basic rules of grammar
Speaks in sentences of five to six words
Speaks clearly enough for strangers to understand
Tells stories
Cognitive
Correctly names some colors
Understands the concept of counting and may know a few numbers
Tries to solve problems from a single point of view
Begins to have a clearer sense of time
Follows three-part commands
Recalls parts of a story
Understands the concepts of "same" and "different"
Engages in fantasy play
Social
Interested in new experiences
Cooperates with other children
Plays "Mom" or "Dad"
Increasingly inventive in fantasy play
Dresses and undresses
Negotiates solutions to conflicts
More independent
Emotional
Imagines that many unfamiliar images may be "monsters"
Views self as a whole person involving body, mind, and feelings
Child's Name:
Child's Age:
Today's Date: September 30, 2010
Movement
Stands on one foot for 10 seconds or longer
Hops, somersaults
Swings, climbs
May be able to skip
Language
Recalls part of a story
Speaks sentences of more than five words
Uses future tense
Tells longer stories
Says name and address
Cognitive
Can count 10 or more objects
Correctly names at least four colors
Better understands the concept of time
Knows about things used every day in the home (money, food, appliances)
Social
Wants to please friends
Wants to be like her friends