CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

UITM PAHANG, KAMPUS JENGKA

BUILDING SERVICES
ECM 346
OPEN-ENDED LAB
SEPTEMBER 2018 – JANUARY 2019

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : VENTILATION

DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 22/10/2018
GROUP : EC 110 5I
GROUP MEMBERS :
1. MUHAMMAD SYARAFUDDIN BIN MOHD SALEHUDDIN (2016455358)
2. IBRAHIM RAZZI BIN SERJANA (2016471638)
3. MUHAMAD FAZLAN BIN ZULKAFLI (2016472066)
4. MOHD ZULKHAIRI BIN ABD RAHMAN (2016471566)
5. MOHAMAD RIDHUAN BIN MOHD SHAKRI (2016458102)

LECTURER : MADAM NORMARDIANA BT HANAPI

LEVEL OF OPENESS : 0

NO ELEMENT COPO Marks COMMENTS

1 INTRODUCTION CO4:PO6
CO4:PO6
2 BASIC CONCEPTS
SUMMARY OF CO4:PO6
3
PROCEDURES/METHODS
ANALYSIS AND CO4:PO6
4
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
5 DISCUSSION OF RESULT CO4:PO6 2 4 6 8 10
CO4:PO6
6 CONCLUSION 2 4 6 8 10

TOTAL MARKS /20

INTRODUCTION

Natural ventilation used to be the most common method of allowing fresh outdoor air to
replace indoor air in a home. Today, it’s usually not the best ventilation strategy, especially for
homes that are properly air sealed for energy efficiency. Natural ventilation also usually doesn’t
provide adequate moisture control.
Natural ventilation occurs when there is uncontrolled air movement or infiltration through
cracks and small holes in a home—the same ones you want to seal to make your home more
energy efficient. Opening windows and doors also provides natural ventilation. Because of
central heating and cooling systems, however, most people don’t open windows and doors as
often. Therefore, air infiltration has become the principal mode of natural ventilation in homes.

OBJECTIVE

 To observe the operation and maintenance of a ventilation systems at specific location.

DATA AQUISTION
NATURAL VENTILATION
Function:
Natural ventilation is the ventilation of a
building with the outside air without the use
of a fan or other mechanical system.
The sources for natural ventilation are:
- Wind Effect/Pressure
- Stack Effect/Pressure
- A combination of Wind Pressure
and Stack Effect
Advantages of natural ventilation:
- Cheap to install and maintain.
- Save cost of energy as it does not
require any electrical power.
- Do not make any noise.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Function:
Uses fan to create air changes and air
movement.
Three types of fans used for mechanical
ventilation system:
- Propeller Fan
- Centrifugal Fan
- Axial Flow Fan
Advantages of mechanical ventilation:
- Can be design to provide the
required amount of air change and
air movement.
- Do not consider natural forces which
are wind pressure, stack pressure or
a combination of both.
- Develop the consistent process of
ventilation.
Obstacle to the use of natural ventilation: Disadvantages of mechanical ventilation:
- Smoke control in case of fire is more - Need a higher cost to install and
difficult and may require special maintain.
equipment and/or variances in codes. - Waste the cost of energy as it
- Outdoor noise is difficult to manage required electrical power to function.
in a building that relies on operable - Risk of noise from the fan and ducts
windows or vents.
- Low pressure of air require large
apertures/space for desired airflow
rates.
- Outdoor air must be clean enough to
flow directly into occupants space.

Table 1: Data for Natural and Mechanical Ventilation

Figure 1: Ventilation supply for the building

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NATURAL AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION

NATURAL VENTILATION MECHANICAL VENTILATION

- Naturally occurring. - Man made based on invention.

- The cost is cheaper for installation.
- Does not require any maintenance.
- Do not use any electrical power to
operate.
- Silence during operation.
- Can be design for air movement
only.
- Usually holes is used to give an air
change movement.
Table 2: Differences between Natural and Mechanical Ventilation
- The cost for installation is higher and
expensive.
- Require monthly inspection and
maintenances.
- Usually use electrical power to
operate.
- Making noise during operation.
- Can be designed to provide a
positive air change and air
movement.
- Normally fan is used as a
component to create air change
movement.
 Type of ventilation Descriptions
Natural ventilation

Windows - Wind Effect/Pressure

• When wind hits the windward
facade, it creates a positive
pressure on the facade. Similarly,
as it flows away from the leeward
facade, a region of lower pressure
will be created.
• If windows are open in the building
on both the windward and leeward
side, air will be forced through the
building, because of the pressure
difference between the openings.

Mechanical ventilation

Propeller Fan
• Develop low pressure usually
placed at the area that not used the
long lengths of ductwork.
• Consist of two or more blades fixed
to the hub.

Table 3: Type of ventilation at Block Fast Track

DISCUSSION

Based on the activities conducted, we can identify different of natural and mechanical
ventilation. Ventilation is considered an "engineering control" to remove or control contaminants
released in indoor work environments. It is one of the preferred ways to control people exposure
to air contaminants when inside the building.

The purpose of ventilation are provide a continuous supply of fresh outside air, maintain
temperature and humidity at comfortable levels, reduce potential fire or explosion hazards and
remove or dilute air-bone contaminants. Proper ventilation prevents air pollutants from affecting
the health. Not only that, having it at home also can get rid of any unwanted smells, such as
from cooking or pets. It is also good to have an airflow that is uninterrupted, as anything
blocking the air flow in home can cause damage to both the home and health.

A home’s natural ventilation rate is unpredictable and uncontrollable, so you can’t rely on
it to ventilate a house uniformly. Natural ventilation depends on a home’s airtightness, outdoor
temperatures, wind, and other factors. Therefore, during mild weather, some homes may lack
sufficient natural ventilation for pollutant removal. On the other hand, tightly sealed homes may
have insufficient natural ventilation most of the time, while homes with high air infiltration rates
may experience high energy costs.

Mechanical ventilation can be used to improve the effectiveness of natural ventilation.

Mechanical ventilation improves the effectiveness of other ventilation strategies—natural and
whole house—by removing indoor air pollutants and/or moisture at their source.
CONCLUSION

From the experiment, we can conclude the different types of accommodation requires
different ventilation rate for the purpose of satisfying the minimum safety and health
requirements as well as providing the sufficient level of comfort to the occupants in construction
villages. The ventilation requirements in a cabin accommodation at construction villages can be
evaluated using the methodology above and low energy ventilation systems could be selected
based on the requirements and functional considerations of each accommodation type.
Although providing ventilation to the accommodation requires energy, the indoor air quality and
comfort level could be enhanced and indirectly will contribute to the increase in productivity and
good health of the workers in construction villages. There are two types of ventilation which is
natural and mechanical ventilation. In existing health-care facilities with natural ventilation, this
system should be maximized where possible, before considering other ventilation systems.
However, this depends on climatic conditions being favourable for its use.

REFERENCES

 https://www.hometips.com/how-it-works/ventilation-systems-exhaust.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_ventilation
 https://tfobrien.com/the-importance-of-good-ventilation/