4

JIZYKA ANGIELS

Kings and QUEENS

.oflvlemes

ZOELLA:
the-Princess of Fashion

' The K GENERATION

BRITISH CRIME TV Series

' SHAKESPEARE:
1,9 The Maste
of Tragedi
4 1

ALI PEIIN THE

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 I
nside 58/2016
iiol
This & That

PeopLe and Lifestyle

® B The Kids Are Alright
10 Emma Watson -a Life in the Limelight
iLl Zoella: the Fresh Princess of Fashion

CuLLure
® Kings and Queens
18
of Memes W

22 What a Piece of Work Is Man...

Con sotion Matters

Making Appointments

TraveL
30 Syria - Past and Present

Science
3 LI Printing the Unprintable
Leisure
( 37 Murder Always in Fashion
Language .

@ 39 Whatchamacallit?
LI2 FromAtoZ — theLetterD
Aloy omy

L Rodektzn
ENGLISH
SH Henna Daniolczak-Zladr GrahamCrwuefond

tswgnznia MP3
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4.61 833632805w lI
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by Katarnyna Szputak

lid You Hnow?

• North Koreans are not all
a symbol of US irnpcnahsrn
• There is banana ketdmp its
tomatoes during WWII, resis
to produce a reolacement.
• When Cristiano Ronaldo w
auction to help a 10-year-old
ing.frogi a krojecjoortler, it
of the hurgcry.
• Swedishblooddonorstnceive
theirblood and then later on,
The octQpjs is older than th
• Pillows in ancient Egypt we
A photographer, Diana Kim
of photographing the home
the people being photograpt
• When a cow is happy, it pro
• Major Harold t-teringwasi
for asking the following que
ig nuclear weapons: "Ho
I receive to io,utfl my mitoits
• in 2012, the 100 richest per
that they could end global o
Having a beard can keep yo
tunsed and slows down the
• Ruby Nell Bridges Hall w
o white school. She attender
white children piti!ci their,
Thtotein an apple to awotr
location of love and a morel,
• Mike Merrill from Portland
shareholders decide what hi
- Geoff and John Bitmead fm
ofa red and yellow Little Tit
of 70 miles per hour.

to he allowed to do sth I miel zeawolenie no
z/robionie cregoi
imperialism im'piarialtzam I rn'ptrirlizam
I irrrperializm
due to sth I r powodu czegni
shortage I brok
replacement I ta:produtst rastgpczy
to suffer from sth I cierpief no cci
brain disorder I zoburzenie p100y mizgu
instead I rorsiosl
to 000cr sth I pokryi cr1
surgery I nperacjochirurgiczna
blood donor I dowca leo sane I zdrowv na umyile
octopus I olmiornica to earn I zorabiaf
pillow I poiuszko poverty I biedo
long-term I ilugotermit000y moistunined 'msistlertlsd I nowilbuny
the homeless I berdomni ageing process I proces starzerrio
to be discharged I zostuf usonittym/ to attend a school I uctgszczuf do szko+y
wydrloryv to pall sb out of sth I lu:ogrofailusuryf kogol
concenring I dntyrzcy z rzegoi
nuclear weapon I brat jydnowa to throw sth I rzucitczymg
order I rorkaz share I udzial
to launch sth to bntj comloy I tu:usystrzel:f rn shareholder I pusiadaco/wlolcicieI udzialbw
missile misarl I rakieta adult version I wersja illa dnroslyrh

• iI.hl.h Mjowes68I2016
 PoweredbyCheese
Albertville, a small Fret
Uczsi
town, is partly powerec
by cheese, as the by-
product of Beaufort
angielskiego
cheese is transformed
by a nearby bjQgdp
giant into energy. The
za granicq!
new powerplant's fuel
is the syitcy leftover
that in the process of
fermenting produces Malta, Anglia, USA, Kanada
methane gas. The energy, itLttzrp, is osed to generate
electricity and power the town.

by-product I prodakt aboczry • dia doroslych I m1odziey

biugas plant I hogazownia
fuel I paiwo
• native speakerzy
whey wel I serwatka
leftuoer I poztstaloto
• anglelski 24h
in torn I z kniri
Zobacz RIWAIINI
[ororofe HisLory
of the 5mftey j
smiley was a symbol
design ed by Harvey
Ball for a company
called State Mutual
Life Assurance from
Massachusetts. The
company needed
a symbol that would
raise their employees
spirilo and cheer them up.
so that they would be hap-
pier while talking to each nther
and to the customers. Ball received
45 dollars for his work. The design wasn't couvrihted.

corporate I korporacyjny
to raise one's spirits ta [era WAflZ april15 poprawif cryji
nastrôj
employee I pracownils
tocheer sb up I rozwesehi kogoi
rustumer I klient
to copyright zastrzec prawu do czegoi
The yciuth of today get a bad rap, accused of being gilt to speak highly of sb I wyrazat sly pochleboie
o kirnh, clswo[d kogot
and lazy, or dull and cautious, their elders rarely speak bad egg I pot paskudoytyp
highly of them. What is it like to be a 20-year-old in the dullard I pej. cymbal, typok
UK, and are they really all bad es or dullards? English to mingle) tu:ruszat,wmieszaf siy
W tlurrm
Matters mingles to find out. namby-pamby I pot lelum psieluro
awkward nkwsd I xkward I tsrniezdamy,
ambv-nambies the cotton wool which they haw plenty, gctlitigitiektlate. nieporadny

fl
generation, they don't know
they're born. These are com-
ments that are likely to be used
to describe twenty-year-olds
of today. Often monosyllabic, socially
awkward and çoostytntl attached to their
smartphones, older generations are unsure
how to avoroach them. They should learn
to live a little, =areia1y.
Or, if you believe the mainstream
media, in particular the tabloid s, then the
18-25 age group spend their free time, of
painting the streets with the contents of
their stomach and generally causing may--
lam. In reality, there is an element of tenth
to both opinions, but both are axons exag-
geration bont outofisolated incidents
0 youth so I ,nlodziei, rrrlodzi I sdzie
accused of 5th I oskorzanyoco
spoilt I ruzPsSenOnV
dull d,l I glupi lypy
caudnns I ostroifly
elders I to: rocince, osoby doroste
constantly I bezustanrie
coached to 5th I przymsiyzammy co czegoi,
zwlyzony a co/mi
to approach oh I tsrzbliiyi uy do kogot
apparently I nojwidoczniej
tabloid I brukowmec
ott get inebriated i ap/ smy
content I zawartoti
mayhem machem I chaos, zamyt
gross I olbrzymni
exaggeration I przesodo
isolated I tuodosnbmmiony

raglish M.tte.5s12016
 English Matters to wicej
n12 tylko magazyn
Wydanie
Slooafliozki P'°V
ke±dvnn tekdcie
N 1e otwleraj
olownika,
(ed rnp3
S*cdydo pobranio/odnNmhon,a pIku
z nagnon em artykulu.
specjalne
przetku maczone
I zwrotv 11

zz

lNtka4wjaayke
engleiskim
Nenrereqe kolen,n
pomaga odnaed
S4ownlcek
S+owka i zwroty
DII.
S*áwka, ktOre zostaly
przet+urnezzone, sy
podkneEone.
przet+umaczono
sldwka
przztkumaczone
nejgzyk poiski, do
nejtrodniejszych
transkrypcja
GENE
a fonetyczrra.

HOMO
TER
NE
TI

Nanny,

roieIa
.odo
pobierzeszze Strofly
ZWR magazynu.

Strorra magazynu:
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Colorful
MEDIA

The reality is perhaps a little less inter-
esting. The rngjoei of 20-somethings
today are, in fact, quite nice. It is difficult
and unfair to try to pigeonhole a whole
generation. There are some young geiger
grtigttta who are changing the world, just
as there are those at the ocher end of the
scale shooliftina and trying to score crack
cocaine. We are, however seeing a differ-
ence in attitudes between those born after
and before 1995.
The K Generation
Those thatwereborn between 1995 and
2002 have been dubbed the K generation.
The term was geitsed by author, Noreena
Hertz, and refers to the age group's love
of The Hunger Games. The K stands for
Katniss, the trilogy's protagonist. The
K Generation's inteovstinyutopjan fiction
is said to mirror their general outlook on
life. Their predecessors were more likely
to reach for something lighter, and gener-
ally had a carefree attitude. For many, the
sky was the limit and they were Drone to
recklessness. The KGeneration is farmore
iggttl and concerned abouttheirfucares.
Financial Prudence
Having grown up through the biggest
financial crisis that the West has engerir
etteeti in recent decades, many of them are
keen not to repeat their parent's mistakes
and are terrified of debt. Where previous
generationswouldhave maxed out on their
student leaca, gut an Qyetgft and gone
straight down the pub to celebrate the fact
that they can drink legally today, we find
people are trying to scgekget how to gel
ultea.of the ii in a very competitive
job market.
The End Is Nigh
Aitajoty is widespread and not just
limited to worries of whether they'll be
able to get ajob after graduating. Today's
20-year-olds have toifeetoed widespread
panic through terrorist attacks and are
constantly no the receiving end of an end-
less stream of depressing news through
Facebook and 'twitter, which breeds fear.
We are seeing amuch more socially aware
youth, who are worried about the effects
of climate change and oggoin wars and
who aregeituinely afraid of whatthe future
keith. Suddenly, fun things, such as going
toaconcert, going onholidayoranagitier
titeeLparia have become risky.
o majority I wiykszoir
In pigeunhntesb ta pii3lalo,haoll pidymlioci
snmbadi I tu:za/szufladkcwaf kogof
entrepreneur ontrepranci(r) I ,o:ntraprairr.r
I Przedsthinrra
to shoplift sth I kraii cog Ce skiepa
to score track cocaine I tic, pot. zdobyi/kupii
crack
ettitate I castawieriie
tube dubbed I zostaf riozwnriyrir
coined I ukuty
Ox refer to sh/sth I udnosit sly do ktgot/czegoi
protagonist I boirater
dystopiun I dystopijsy
to mirror sth I odewierciedlaf rot
outlook on sth I poglyd Ira cog
predecessor I ptprcednik
to reach for sth I siygai in cog
carefree I beztroski
the sky is the Omit I wscystko jest mt±Iiwe
tube prune to sth I byi ptdatryrrr no cot/
skionnyrri do cergot
recklessness I lnkkomyilnoi& brawcra
troubled I zmnrtwiony, zarriepokujoriy
concerned about I zatroskany czymi
prudence I ostruinoit, roawaga
to experience sob I doiwiadczai czegoi
to be keen to do sth I dined cat zrobit, byf
chytnym do zlrobienia czegoi
debt det I diug
preoious I poprzrdni.wczetniejszy
to men out on sth I acykornystof cci
roaksymalrie,tsiygnyt limit czegoi
teen I paiyccka
esI. 11158120I6
Party PooperS
You might think with all these anxie-
ties, the K generation would hit the bottle
and party the night away. If the world's
going to end, they might as well just get
biouou, right? In fact, studies are show-
hog that the youth of today are anything
but the hedonists their parents or older
oiitijns were. It would ggegeg that they
are finally paving heed to the bombard-
ment of yrrogeings over the consumption
of alcohol. Cigarettes arepriceyandoutof
Itubten. Qetigo are also, largely ntuoibed.
After all, nobody particularly wants to
look like the mygolsoto of detag addicts that
are regularly splashed across Faceboolt.
uuerdraft I drbnt
legally I Ingulnie
to work out sth I tkombioowaf,wynyilif cot
to get ahead at 5th I dostaf sly raczalu/
przid czegni
pack I stoic
oorrrpetitlae I knnkurencyjny
4 nigh rat I Inc bush
anxiety I niepokii
widespread I szernko noapowszechniony
to witness sob I doiaciadczaf czegot
to breed sth I tacgereruwai cot
socially aware I spotecznie iwiadomy
ongoing I tnrzyey sly
genuinely 'dyeniinflhi I naprawdy
to hold I tupraynosif
amusement park I park rnzrysski
party pooper I put, ponuratc osoba psujyca
dobry zabaay/improzy
to hit the bottle I put. chief
to get blnttoed I pot aataf sin wtrupa
siblings I rodze/istwo
to appear I zqdawai siy
to pay heed to stir I po/slurhuf czegot,
zwracoi u.agq na cog
warning I OStrZe±eflme
pricey I kosztousrry
out of fashion I ninniudrry
drag I riarkotyk
to snub sth I lekoewazyf cog
rnugshot I zdjycie in knrtoteki policyjrrj
drag addict I ca/roman
to splash sob ecress sth I amieicif rut
w miejscu, 1dzie bydzie lotwa dostrrezone
Not only do they drink less than previous
generations, but some abstain gjggijgr.
Big cities, not just in the UK but also in
the US and Scandinavia, are seeing a ris-
ing trend in dry discos. The K generation
are fussier who they make friends with,
events are more specific, and it's easier
to find like-minded people looking for
more meaningful relationships. innimit
of letting alcohol do the bondine they are
hooting out people with similar interests
on the Internet.
The K generation can benefit from the
many ways in which consumers have been
empowered. The most obvious is that it
has become the norm to be able to listen
to, or watch whatever you like, whenever
you like. Although at first olance. celebrity
TV and pop music may seem devoid of the
cultural and creative ftbgs of the past,
there is a tbyjyiog underground scene,
and listeners are less reliant on music
journalists or radio stations to bring bands
to their attention.
Small-town Music
Generation K girls speak openly about
beine touched up by old Vervs at concerts
and have taken to social media to name
and shame the perpetrators. One of the
bands that have been an outIq for the
voices against sexual harassment at such
events is the fast-playing, rsgtyu Slaves.
They have asked fans to ygndyosn such
behaviour.
Anyone suggesting that 20-year-olds
are lacklustre would have their minds
changed by seeing a Slaves or Sleaford
Mods gig. Slaves drummer, Isaac
Holman, regularly dislocams his shunt-
der during concerts due to his wild per-
formances, and the band's young fan
base are not far behind with their energy
levels. Slaves archrivals are Sleaford
Mods. Both bands featured at last year's
Glastonbury, one after the other, and
have been trading blows ever since. They
are similar in lyrical yplgfli and style;
both groups feature two members and
put on performances that are as lively
as anything since punk. Although they
have been! belle as working class, there
is nothing in their music to suggest that
either band have had hard unbrinoinas,
they are really just bands from small
towns and their songs tfflflcl normal life
out of the big cities.
Not a Bad Bunch
Keen on reducing their carbon foot-
print, lowering their alcohol consumption
610 abstain I po/wstraymyuui 51f
altogether 1w ogile
dry I rabezalkohoIo
fussy I usy1bredn1
like-minded I ptdobrne rnytiyry
meaningful I onactycy
instead of sib I ramlast czegti
to do the bonding I tworzyf wiyi
to hunt out sb I wyszukiwac kogof
to empower sb I wzmarraai pozyqy
kogol
obvious I wzywkty
at first glance I oa plerwszy izutuka
devoid of sth I puzbowiony czegoi
niches I bogactwo
thriving I kwltnqry
underground I podziemny
reliant on sb I zalezny oa kogof
10 bring sb to one's attention I ownacof is
kogos rzyyi uwagy
to be touched up I byt obrnaryuanym
peru I aboczenrec
intake to sb I uciekaisrydokogni
in name and shame sb I nazwai po imieolu
potyplulzawstydzic kogot
perpetrator I spruwro
ocKLAuOs
Kurs angiIskiego przez inter1w,
z Iektorem na zvwo!
0
.J..I.iuistl ,inr4
Zapisy: wyilij maila nra adres:
biurnmastersulution.pl
otredci: English Matter > www.master olution.pI
English Mtte!'a 58 2010
and generally doing good, the youth of
today are miod-hooliou to the more ligu
ole-minded elder, but it just might be that
with their love of technology and anxiety
over what the future bra, they will be
able to find solutions to the problems that
martheworldtoday, and future generations
will be able to enjoy more trouble-free
lives.
outlet I tuuujtcie
sexual harassment I molestouanie seksualoe
raucous I haludliwy
to condemn ath I potypif cut
behaviour I rachowanie
lacklustre I rasijuki, bez uryrazu
to dislocate sth I rwichnyf noble coi
In be not far behind I we odstawai, me
rdbieger
archrival I aruyrtival
to feature I tuwystypowaf
to trade blareS I urymieniuf cinsy
content I tutreif
labelled rssklasyfikowany
r spbnirgingn I wychowarie
10 reflect sth I rdzwienciedlui cuf
bunch I grapa
carbon footprint I ilad wggloeq
to lower sth I obnirai rof, zmniejszai cal
o mind-boggling I ztdziwialqcy, niepojyty,
niesamowity
single-minded I zaelermintwuny, uparty
to bode I wnOay& zapowiadaf
to marl tuirrykar
to enjoy sth I nesayc sly crymi
trouble-free I beziproblemowy
r
Masteon
Z tym numerem lekcia pnOboa grat s
10 People and LiIesLLe

lEe in Lh eLiohL
Ingham

feminist, fashion icon, sex symIo1, and Ivy League graduate; all are phrases
uld describe the woman who was plucked from obscurity to play the role of
e Granger in the wildly successful Harry Potter franchise.

I
o in the limelight w blasku fIeszV/reflektorãw
iWalvi I tu:bluszczowri
graduate I ubsoIwetka
I
to pluck lob) train obscurity mbiE my riagle
sta sit slawnym
franchise I franczyza

English MaiiersSBl2OlO
5
ince being awarded one of the
starring roles inotarry Porrer and
the Philosopher's Stone Emma
Watson has survived the chal-
km of nrowinu up in the olare
cii oublic scrc.rtinv to mature into a oclitci-
pigii and well-educated young woman with
many strings to her tuidgutin how.
Parisian Influence
Surprisingly for such a nuintessentiallv
llbttsii Englishwoman, she wasn't actu-
allylmmin the British Islas, hutin the Ftench
capital onApril 15,1990. After spending the
first five years of her life in Paris with her
lawyer parents, she moved to Oxfordshire
with her mother, following her parents'
divorce. It was here that her love of acting
was first witted when shejgitugiiapatfruutug,
Oxford-based stone school at the age of six.
And just afew years later, after treading Ihe
hoards in a number of amateur dramatic
perfottnances, she got alife-changiogbugg)t,
kgg thousands of other young girls to
secure the role of Hennione.
Harry's Friend
It's impossible In underestimate the
effect this onoorranity has had on the girl
who was just ten years old when she was
cast in the pan of Harry Potter's "logi-
cal, uptigkt and good," friend, aectniiin
to writer JK Rowltog's description of the
character. The eight-film franchise not only
made Watson a household name, it also
set heron for life, as she earned some-
thing in the region of £20 million for the
part Probably one of the reasons she was
able to avoid the plifatis and excesses of
other prodigious child talents was that her
parents didn't allow her to access tory of
her rapidly growing fortune until the age
of 10, only giving her LIt) a week packet
ixiuuigy until she reached adulthood. And
speakingof how she ttwlt8citii to stay iltithe
straight and narrow, despite the irtiupinijoti
for exerat that accompanies most young
actors, WatsontoldMarie Cfaimmagazine,
"I had ajob when I was 10.1 started living
on my own when Iwas 17 or 18. I've earned
my own money; I've travelled the world.
What would I rebel aoainsl?"
"I had a job when lwas
10. I started living on my
own when I was 17 or
18. I've earned my own
money; I've travelled the
world. What would I rebel
against?"
A for Effort
This lack of rebellion has ensured that
she has not only maintained a success-
ful career in the movie business, with
a starring role in recently eriaxciii thriller
to be awarded I rostaf nagrodronym
challenge I syawane
to grow up I wzrostaf,dorastaf
in the glare of fu.w zasyga wzrtko
public scrutiny I taupinia pabliczna
to mature) do;rrewat
principled I z zas000mi
ho have) many strings to one's bow
to Sac meni strrQs tu wnrz baa I mietwiole
talert6n/zdo1rco0c
widening I posreczojyry, ta rosnycy Iw irzbyl
influence I splyN
quintessentially I typowt
well-bred I dobnzeusythowarry
lawyer I prawnik
divorce I rozwfd
to ignite I to, ruzrriecai
to join sth I wstypit ft czegni, zapisaf siy do
argon
part-time I w niepelnym vqmianze czasu
stage schml I sakola teatrolno
to tread the boards I grat wtoatrze,
wystypowaf no scene teotralney
break I to prznlsm
to beat sb I tcktnofkagtt
to secure sib I zapeonht sube cot
to underestimate 5th I nie docesit caeyoi
opportunity I okazja,sposohrsif
tube cost in 5th I ztstaf obnadzuryrn
w czymi
upright I tab poraqdny, praacy
according to sb I wedlug kogof
ngIIsh Meters 5012016
Coloniu, but also academic qualifications
that could no doubt land her a dream
lola in another sector, if she weren't
already rich beyond most people's wildest
dreams. Whilst filming for Harry Potter
she studied for her secondary school
exams between takes, eventually achiev-
ing ytcar hr A grades, before ytnroilistg
at Brown University, graduating with
a degree in English literature, The pres-
tigious Ivy-league Institution, which was
founded in 1764, is America's seventh
oldest university and counts numerous
senators, writers, scientists and members
of academia among its alumni. Of her
decision to study at Brown, Watson told
women's fashion magazine Porter, "I'm
so glad I did.. It gave me this place of
ntfiige, this space I could negotiate
household name I powszechnie maca nazwn
Cu. ptwszechnic znana tstba
to set sb up for life I astawif kogoi
(I sansowo) na tale tyne
to earn sib I zarabiof cog
pitfall I pufopka
prodigious pru'drd3s I tuduwny
pocket money I loesuonkowe
tureach nth I tsanyf cci
adulthood I doronloif
to manage I peccant sobie
to stay or the straight and narrow I nieze;it
na manawce
despite 5th I punsmt czegoi
temptation for sth I prkcsnrzegni
caress I wybryk, eksces
to accompany sb I ttwarryszyf ktmut
to rebel against ath I horitowat sly przociw
ezemus
aeffort I wystok
lack of I bnakczegoi
toorsamthat,. I mpewnit/zagwaranttwatze..
released I ru:oqiwiet eny naekraearh kin
o no land sb a dream jab I zapewnif/
zogworantcwat kumut wumarzonq tracy
take Ito ujycie
eventually I ta:na koica,w rezultacie
to achieve ath I rsiqgaf co)
straight) lusorne
In ennui at 8 I zapisywaf sig gdziei
alumnus jpl.alumnil I absolwest
refuge I schronienie
for myself, and time to figure out who Style Icon campaigns for hjgb,eitd brands Burberry
I was. I'd spent more than half of my life If being both academically hnigit and Lancôme, as well asbeinguamed 2014
pretending to be someone else. While my and artistically talented wasn't enough, British Style Icon at the British Fashion
concern un aries were yuig their hair and Watson has also seen her natural girlish awards, an accolade which was presented
figuring out who they were, I was figuring beauty and fashion sense provide her with to her by torn-heartthrob Harry Styles of
001 who Herminne was and how best to gtôrnggous lucrative opportunities in the One Direction fame. Theawaosl, which was
gQtItrix her. I learned so many important world of fashion. Since her first shoot for voted.for bythe public, is presented to "An
lessons." Teen Vogue in 2005, she has gone on do individual who most glg4ig the spirit
of British fashion and is an international
ambassador for London as aiutjflg crea-
Fact File tive fashion capital."
Emma Watson's futuc into feminist issues means she joins a long list of celebrities Of her own style, she has said that the
who have soiitiftt louse their fame to raise awareness of a particular topic. Here we theory that for women there is 'no pain
look at some of the most famous. no gain.' when it comes to fashion is not
a belief that she subscribes to. "I want to
Bob Gnidof feel fôtiuiQist and comfortable and sexy
Irish rock-singer Bod Geldof was the leader of the and strong and beautiful. And if it's mak-
chart-topping baud The Boomtown Rats atogeil ing you uncomfortable, don't do it," she
as the star of PinkFloyd's film The Wall when in was quote in Vogue magazine assaying.
1554 he watched a BBC news broadcast show-
ing the famine killing thousands in Ethiopia. Feminist Feelings
He used his industry contacts and influence to However, despite her long list of
organise achytity single BandAid which raised . achievements, in recent years she has seen
£5 million to help feed those affected. He also her influence grow even further in her role
organised a live concert 'LiveAid,' which raised as UN Women Goodwill Ambassador,
another £150 million for the curse. a position she was given in July 2014.

Jane Fonda atufigure nut sth I In. zrnzumief cud

The actress has championed numerous causes contemporary I tu:riwiednik
over the years since she first became politically to dye sIb I farbowai rod
active with her open opposition to the USA's to portray sb I ruw,ielai sign kngnd
involvement in the Vietnam War. Other issues bright I bystry
which she has attemnted to highlight have been to provide oh with tth I dostarczai konruistegod
the plight of Native American's, as well asnume numerous I IrZny
aus feminist initiatives to ugpcove women's nj lucrative I zyskowny, lukratywny
around the world. shunt I tu:sesjo udigrinwa
to go an taste I pruejid do czegod, przerzacii
Taylor Swift
Pop singer Taylor Swift was named the most high-nod I z a'ylszej pitulti
charitable celebrity of 2014. She secured the accolade I uyeraz azsaniu pschwa4a, lseoagnnda
accolade for donating all the proceeds from teen I to:nastoletni
her bit single Welcome to New York to public heartthrob I pot. idol
schools in New York. to vote for sIb I glosowof narot
to nobody 5th I unsabiat cod
leading I wiudycy
foray into 5th I pierwszy k,ok wcoytod tn feed sb I knrmiiigoufkogod when It comes to 5th I iedli rhoda trod
to seek I srukuh tuprôbowuf involvement taste I zaanga±owanie belief I to. pruekonanie, zdanie
as well as I jak rfwniei wrod In subscribe to oth I toi podpispaof sly pod
famine ffl-!In I glôd to attempt tudusth I pribowaf cad z/rnbd czyms
industry contact I ktntakty braninwe plight plart I trudrte polozorrie fabulous I bajecznie
charity I tu:dtbrtczynny to Impose sth I polepszyi cog tube quoted I byf cytowanyrr
ln raise sth I zebrafcnt proceeds I zebras dnclrid goodwill I dnbra usia

EnSII.al Matters 5812011,

Gender equality is an issue that has been
close to Watson's heart for a number of
years, and is a topic she has raised in
numerous interviews and posts on her
TWitter account. Upon the announcement
of her UN role she said 'Women's rights
are something so inextricably linked with
who! am, so deeply personal and rooted Jn
my life that i can't imagine an opportunity
more exciting. I still have so much to learn,
but as I grpggepp I hope to bring more of
myindividual knowledge, experience and
awareness to this role."
Hot Water
But her campaign for women's rights
hasn't been without its critics as the star
was attacked on social media for a per-
ceived oreindice against men, something
which she has vehemently tjgtiie, argu-
ing that modern feminists need to most
away from the idea that "men-hating" has
anything to do with a feminist perspec-
tive. She also got in hot water following
a Twitter post she put online following
the death of her Harry Potter co-star
Alan Rickman, the man who played
Severns Snape. She posted a picture of
Rickman along with aggoir attributed to
him which read, "There is nothing wrong
with a man being a feminist, I think it
is to our mutual gypoge." Numerous
internet trolls attacked her because of
a perception that she had jtjjgcked the
actor's death to promote her own feminist
agenda. She subsequentlycotitiggred these
allegations by posting other inspiring but
non-feminist quotes from the late, great,
British actor.
It is now more than 16 years since
a young, unknown girl from Oxford was
cast in one of the movie world's most
popular ever franchises, but it looks like
Emma Watson's time in the limelight
shows no sign of disappearing. With what
seems like a wise head on young, talented
shoulders, the y really is the limit for
the girl who made the Herminne Granger
role her own.
o gender equality I rónnoti pr
issue I sprawa
to rube stir I ru ytrusrui cti
account I ktntc In recent years she has seen her
announcement I nhwreszcronre,ogttsrenbr, Influence grow even further, In
oznajmienie her role as UN Women Goodwill
inextricably I nierozerwalnie Ambassador, a position she was
given in July 2014.
routed is sth I zakorzenirnyw crymi
to progress I tu:rnzwijai sly
awareness I iwiadomnii mutual I wzaiemty
prejudice against sir I uprzedzenie wobec advantage I ktrnyti
kutot perception I turpoglqd
vehemently I stonowcro to hijack stir I tarvqktrzystai cot
to deny sib I zaprzeczai czemst sagenda I rtrptglqdy
to argue I argument000i tocuustar stir I odprerai cot
to none away from oth I odejteod uzegot, allegation I oskatienre,zarzut
odriyi try to dissapeun I zrskai
quote I ctat to seen j dowai sly
attributed tush I przypisywany the sky is the limit I wszystloie5t
kaout rnrAme
ZoeUo: Lhe Fresh
Princess oF Foshion
by Jonathan Sidor

Zoe Sugg may just be the

most famous Briton you've
yet to hear of. Those in
the know simply call her
Zoella, her online handle.
Log on with English
Matters to uncover who
this digital wunderkind is,
and why she has taken the
Internet by storm.

Z
oe Sugg was born on 28 March
1990 in the unassuming gaosit
of Lacock, England. Little did she
know that a passion for shooting
films would transform her into
an internet sensation before the age of 20.
White she may atom a hit wet behind the
ears for some, this blogger, author and style
guru is anew force tube reckoned with in
Britain's fashion scene. 0.

ohardle I tupot przydorrek

to uncover sth I ndkrht cot
wurde,kind I cudowne dziecko
totakesthbysto,m I podhijuicol
I unas5uming I skromny
parish I parafia
to shoot oth I to krcif cot
toseen, I cdawaf ott
tobe wet behindtheesrs I przen.
byf zielosyrr wjnkiejt dziedziroe, byf
±i}ttdziobem
to reckon With ob I Iicuyf sit z kimt
 The summer camp of my dreams
ne of my dre- to people on the stre-

O ams is to come
back to my te-
enage years and be able
ets! I could take part
in field games, make
short movies about
to look through offers the places I visit, make
of the summer camps, interviews with British
having to choose one people! All these acti-
for myself. If I could vities would be a great
do this - I would cho- fun and I'm sure that
ose something special! after a few days they
I would go to camp would make me think
which didn't exist when in English!
I was a girl! I would If I could have
look for a week or two one last wish on this
filled with amazing ac- long list I would like
tivities and with some to meet real friends
space left for doing no- from many countries
thing apart from rela- on this camp. I'm sure
xing... a camp, which that after being toge-
would give me an ther in these amazing
opportunity to get to places and doing so
know new places and One of the characteristics of every many things as a gro-
new people... a camp human being is a desire of the up - we would stay in
that would change my touch for a long time!
life and that I would impossible! Who haven't dreamt And maybe we would
never forget! of being able to fly- at least on even go for another
If I had a choice - camp of our dreams
I would choose a langu- a broomstick, like Harry Potter? together or we could
age camp. And if I was visit one another in
to learn English - Iwo- our homes?
uld go to a place where everyone speaks this language. The most beautiful thing in my 'unrealistic' dream is
So it would probably be United Kingdom... London! the fact, that it comes true over and over again! Altho-
A huge, multicultural city, where every person you meet ugh I cannot travel in time and I have to live with the
is different and ready to talk to you whenever you want fact that I will never be a teenager again - I participa-
to. I wouldeft even mind the strange accent of some of te in such camps, organised by the travel agency ATAS
the Londoners - the most important thing would be to every summer. When I go so many times to the camp
get to know the real language! And if I wanted to cre- of my dreams and when I see so many smiles on the
ate the perfect camp, I would like to stay in a house of young faces - it almost feels like I had my personal time
such people. I would like to spend some time in their machine! And I have a piece of advice for all of you who
living room, taste their food, have to live their lifestyle for read this article: dorft wait until you become too old
awhile! It could be a bit scary in the beginning - but this to make your dreams come true! Check out the page
is how you live the adventure, isift it? www.atas.pl and find the camp of your dreams!
I would like to learn the language all the time during
this camp. I'd like to do some tasks in groups or talk Ola - tour leader of the ATAS summer camps

ATA'S www pI
 From Shopper to Savant
Zoe's meteor rise to success started
in 2009 when she opted to venture into
cyberspace and start a written blog called
Zoella. The site touched on a range of
topics, including fashion nthijce beauty
nun, and general tidbits about Zoe's
tile. Within one year, the blag amassed
a respectable following of 1,000 readers.
This pootupfci Zoe to try her hand at viog-
giog onYouTnbe, under the same moniker.
The 'Zoella" Yotiflibe channel found
steady success over time. Zoo çgunned
the million-subscriber milestone in 2013.
It was then that she was able to quit her
gylIrne job and ogly solely an generating
earnings through her videos. At the start
of 2016, her total number of subscribers
eclipsed ten million people. This translates
to well over 600 million individual nkssq
Amongst British YoaThhers. she trails only
One Direction, KSI and Adele in - This down-tp-earthrittillide blends ideally
eon. Clearly, Zoe has iobsed the ranks of
online nobility
Zoo's success is by no means limited
to the computer screen. She has authored
two novels ajnte.at young adult readers
Girl Online and itsnegttgt Girl Online: On
Tour, have shattered sales records across
- the UK. Zoo has also dabbled in sing-
T5 - ing and matietelite occasional television
-'- anoeainnce. Finally, her Zoella Beauty line
of cosmetics was launched in 2014 to great
fanfare. Zoe has showcased her media
atyyyi but her triumphs thus far suggest
---,.- -- the sky's the limit for Zoella,
The Secrets
to Zoe's Success
Zue claims to be far from your typi
cal fashion blogger. ituiaof exploring
the world of haute couture and fashion
shows, Zoe displays styles that reflect
what mainstream girls are wearing today.
" - ' ' Afrequentfealargonherhlogsisa'hatii"
, yctay P in which she exhibits berrecentguoghaneu
from high-street shops such as Topshop or
PrimankHjghatysdboatoqoesareshmtved.
' with Zoo's own charm.
Zoo also goes the extra mile to gratify
--- - her followers. Her global fttten fan base
isfeceentl loyal, and she makes sure they
fool valued. When companies offer to pay

a saaant I lu-tutu the sky's the limit I wszystko jest

meteoric I tuiblyskawiczny
rise I ru. do$oe do
to venture into sth Ia vootfairl / vestfar into
s-6.0 I wynuszye gIziet
to touch on sth I tu:ptroszai cod
advice I rada
tip I wskaziwka
tidbit I oekowostka
In amass sth I z/grornadol and
to prompt sb I turskmonil kogot
moniker I przydomelu ksywka
to cross stir I przekraczal tot
milestone I karrvef rnilousy
to quit sth I porzudl cod, zrezygnowal
a czegod
daytime I tar ragularny
to rely on stir I polngac ta czymd
earnings I zorobki
to eclipse sth I przeusyzszol atd
to translate to sob I tUr przekkadat sig na cot
view I tu odsiona
totrail sb I zostawal vu lyle woglodem
kogot
0f •
2-
C17
--
follower I coo ennik, fan
to join sth I wstypowalducretot
nobility I aryslokrocja
by no means I pod zadnym wzglydem
ntoel I powell
aimed at sb I skierowany do kogod
adult I dorosly
a sequel I kaniyrluacja
On shatter sales records I phil rekordy
spreedozy
On dabble I tar parot s y, rajmowad sry
to make the television appearance
I wyslypowal as talewuli
to munch sth Ia boll soo81 I wyputril rot
na -yerk
to showcase sth I plokuzuf cod
savvy snail spryt
moziwe
instead of sth I zvmiastczegoi
haute couture out ku Ijsaln) lout hater I Fr
tksusowe krowectwo, odziez
'- - to display sth I to' przedstnwiai cal
to reflect sth I odawiorcied in cot
feature I tu:element
haul I tu:haul zakupowy
to exhibit stk I przed,tawiat, pokazpaai
cod
purchase pa Iles 1 pl:rtjos I sabytek, zakup
high-end I Vmej pfdkl
to shun sth I luonikal ceegof, stror lad
nargod
down-to-earth I pnzyvemny
attitude I nastawlenie
to blend with stir I rurpasowvl do czegod
to go the extra mile I dokfadatwszelktch
stnral
to gratify sb I ynagratizat kogot
tween I tu:maloletrri, nastoletnr
fervently I zanliwie, bvrdzo
to feel valued I czui sig doceeionym

EeIgIt.h Matt.rs5a 12016

her to tout their products, an overwhelm- A Cut Above the Rest with a throne f cohorts all their own.
tog mojotily are turned down. Zoeprnrjr While Zoe Sugg's bread and butter may Moreover, Zoo created a second YonTube
subpar items In make sure the trust of her be her You'Ilihe channel and her blog, she channel, "MoreZoella," to give viewers
fans remains intact. reigus over an ever-growing rotpjge. She a closer ulirnowe into hereveryday life. Zoe
Perhaps more importantly, Zoe has lIoutis four million devotees on Tkeitter certainly appears to have the Midas touch.
become a high-profile activist in a range and seven million admi on Instagoom. as she's no stranoerto success in the digital
of charitable cffori_s. She frequently raises Her brother, Joe Sugg, and boyfriend, world. Stay connected to soitorno just how
awareness for social anxiety, an issue Alfie Deyes, are vloggers themselves, high her star can soar. U
which she has battled with herself. She
also promotes civic eneacemeot amongst
loutiggoct as an ambassador in Britain's
National Citizen Service. She even took
part in Band Aid 30 to raise funds to corn-
lIft the recent Ebola epidemic in Africa.

ate tout sth I naraucaf cot, lu:namawiai do

czegot
overwhelming I przewa±ajqcy
majority I wigkszotf
to be turned down I hyt odrzocaoyro
to spurn sob ta spo:n i sps:m somoir
I odrzucoi cot
subpar I ruslabejjakodo

to make sure I tubyf pewnim

intent I nietknigty, nienaruszony
charitable I dobrocz3rrny, ohanytalyony
effort I trnstaranie

social anoiety I lyk spoterzny, spoltczne

zaburnenia Ighowe
to battle with sth I zonagad sy a cayret
civic engagement I zaarrgafowanie
obssatelskre
teenager I nastolatek
to take part in sth I wzryfw czymi udziot
to combat sth I owalcoaf cog
bread and buffer I chieb powszednr
to reign to rem I krilowai
empire I impedum
to boast sth I stczycif sig rzrrrt
devotee deooti I wrelisciel, fan
admirer I oinlbiciel
throng of sb/sth I chmara kogot/czegoi
cohort I gromada
glimpse into sob lout oka no not wglyd w cot
(she) has the Midas tooth I wszyntko, czeo
dotkrnn, zamrenio org w zitto
to be no stranger tooth I cot jest komut
nioobce
to witness sth I dotwindczoE cregot
to snarl poszybowa& wznietd sig

nSII.et Matt..'.50I2016
 veryday on Facebook and social
E media people post to the world,
spreading information, feelings,
or ifitightLr. Maybe you want 10
reply to a comment in a funny,
direct oriiiisanlway, or perhaps you want to
continue spreading the latest trend or fash-
ion online to your friends on social media.
Often this is done by posting memes. But
what exactly isameme, and why do people
use them so much? Are there any rules for
posting memes? And how can we make
diem ourselves, if we want to use them?
Sit back, relax and let us do the work for
you —English Matters investigates!
Whats Is a Merne... ?
So, first - what's in a meme? Where
does the name come from and what do we
mean by meme?
The word 'meme' - nronounced to
rhyme with 'dream' was invented by the
evolutionary biologist, Richard Dawson, in
his 1976 honk The Selfish Gene. He wanted
to explain the way that ideas spread in
culture. So, appl3ting this idea to our con-
world, ameme can be apicture,
ahyperliosts, avideoclip orahaslitag. These
are usually posted on social media sites
such as Twitter or Facebook. Typically,
people who see these memes will tepeE
them with different words, or changed
in some way. Soon the whole world is
meming!!
Memes are often used on spread and
share ideas ortuends, ortu make comments
about a situation lathe news. And became
of this, memes can change and gyslyg, just
like an idea or story that's sold from one
group of people to another.
flogIIch Master. 5012016
otnencounter sth I natkngi 55 rIo roe
multitude I rrsotott
tin spread sth I rozpowsaethniat tot,
roaplaestraeniai cot
laughter Io:fta{r) I iamftar I tmiech
instant I nntychnsastowy
rule I ramada, regula
to investigate I przeprowadzat dtchudzenio
to mean ash I rirref cot no mtli
a pronounced I wypowiadany wyrnowiarry
invented I wyriuleolony
gene d31:1i I gen
to apply sth to sth I za/stnsuwai cot do
cretin
contemporary I wspticzesny
hashlag I zonk graf iCzrly w posted krutki
izywary u irrediach spolecanatcitwych 1*)
to repast I prwielit post
to sham sth I dzielif siq rzyrrrt
to evolve I ewolunwat
 So How Did Memes Start? bottom text to make your funny message, onto Fucebook or other website and ypu
One of the earliest known memes was and bgygolQ! It's all done for you. All done! Some of the most popular examples
the Hamster Dance. This was an animated that remains new is to upload your meme of picture memes higlotlg:
GE with ionbacltmpum1music, besisti
on a website. Hamster Dance was sent to hamster I rhomik to allow Sb to do ath I pnewalai boost na
people in emails and was later modified in hF = Graphics Interchange Format I rtdraj/ zirobienie rzegot
different versions, lochaditag, for example, format pliku graficznego current I uberny
a version for birthdays. Soon, Hamster looped I tapowtarraiycy sif to upload sth I umietcif cot ra strueie
Dance was receiving lll,000 hits a day— the background I tin, raw tie internetnwej
age of the meme had arrived! hosted I tu:ZaflhIeSZcZOfly effort I postek
These days, the most popular memes are Including ath I wlqrzeie a czymi I zdecthauteetab!,manIrrytuwbanku
'image memes'—these are simply pictures atthe top/atthe bottom I ugdry/na dole searchbus I ssyszukiwarka
with a well-known, often funny image, original I tapierwttny a hay presto! I BrEczury mary!, proszq bardzo
where the creator can add test atthe.rull and meaning I zrtaCzenIe to remain I polztstawai
the bottom. Often these memes are funny extremely I eqjytknws S you're done I zatatwiuse, arubinne,
or sarcastic. The big joke with memes is advantage I ktrzyit o to ncr one
that typically the nei rngaaistg of the to get it I ttnz/rueuntiei rot, zotopoi rot to include 5th I obejooua cot
picture will have been changed This means
somebody posting can make a popular
image say something surprising and the
results are usually very funny. Memes are
about sharing emotions!
Picture memes are mrerngl popu-
KONTAKT
lar because they are so easy to crease and kursy wyjazdowe
post. The sante images are often posted
and mposted potentially millions of times,
funninga kind of fashion srtrend, as people
copy others and add their own variations.
The ytlytiologu of using familiar images is
thatwedon'tneedtohavethejnkeexplained
to us, we see the picture and instantly under-
stand, or 'gnus'. So picture menses allow us
itu very quickly, make a funny or sarcastic
comment on a current situation. Of course,
we could llpjgoa short movie clip with our
response, but - would people even watch
it? In today's instant age, we can respond to
images much easier and with less ttftstff than
having to watch a movie, or road a story.

Time to Get Started

So, how do we make memes online?
Is it easy? Ystggt! There are hundreds
of ways we can do this - but the easi-
est are wehsites like makeameme.org or
memedad.com.
These sites usually will have a warch-
bg& where you can search for images used
in popular memes, such as 'WdlyWonka',
'doge', or others. Once you've found the
image you want to use, then you will he sent
to a page where you can enter the top and
MoUr-0: WI
Memos can change and evolve, just like an idea or story that's told from one group of people to another.
•Grumpy cat - this is a funny picture
of a cat, who looks bad temoerd. This
allows us to make funoy or sarcastic jokes.
•Willy Wonka—the image of a character
from kids movie, called 'Willy Wonka'
is shown wearing colourful clothes and
with a huge grin on his face. The image
is so obviousi like somebody about to
be sarcastic or 'condesceodiog' that you
almost laugh before reading the tent.
•Yeah Win Kid—this has a loony image
of a cute little boy tojaing his hnt. We
can almost imagine he is doing this to
celebrate his success, and the picture is
again funny. We then add our own text,
often to boast, or to joke aboutsomebody
who thinks they are better than us.
And, of course, as memes are used
more and more, then the language used
in memos will change, and become much
more abbreviated and shorter. In English,
the word we use to describe a cute dog is
'doggy', which is where the 'doge' meme
came from. A brilliant example of chang-
ing language, 'doge' features a funny pic-
ture of a dog, looking at the camera. Instead
of simple text at the lop and bottom of the
picture, you are supposed to post several
sentences to simple, or dog language. This
allows us to make ton of something in
a simple, clliidisb way, and the effect is
often bjjgifpjg.
Video Memes
Another form of extremely popular
meme is quite different—this is the video
meme. What happens here is somebody
will post a video of themselves doing
something funny, and people all across
the worldwill imitate it, often with surpris-
itgorspectacular results. A great example
of this is the Harlem Shake. This features
a short clip from the Harlem shake song,
with usually many people all at once doing
a funny dancing clip. At its erak. Harlem
Shake fever showed thousands of uploads
a day!
Another great example of a video
meme that captivated the world was the
Ice &cW Challenge. One of the biggest
memes on the Internet, the ice bucket
challenge began as a simple idea In raise
money for research into the neurologi-
cal disease ALS - also known as Lou
Gehrig's disease— over the Internet. The
idea - film yourself having ice gggd
gN.h M000.enalnOio
over your bead, give your donation to the
cbrii and then nominate your friends to
do the same. A brilliant idea, which raised
around $100 million dollars in money for
the disease.
obad tempered I zja,w ohm humtrze
grin I sze,okr aimiech
obviously I w rrnyurstv sposib
condescending I protekcjonalvy
to raise sIb I to: pod nosrt wznosif tot
fist I pif
to boast I pxkhwalit si
abbreviated I skr6tovvy
instead of sIb I zamiast czegni
childish I dziecinny
hilarious hileasas I htIerias I zabuwoy,
spectacular I azidowiskoazy
at Its peak I a szcuytu lpopolannoisr)
fever I gnryczka
to captivate sb/sth I Enurzex zafascynowaf
kogxi/coi
bucket built I wiudro
disease I choroba, schorurnie
to pour oth to pn(r) I p:rsnmen I wylewat
cxi, nalewat cxi
ocharity I organivatjadnbrorzynna
 Part of Culture
So, there you have it. Wlntthet we like
ornot, internet memes are anew part of ct
turn, and a new way of communication.
the days of ttitftci! entertainment. whe
inteffigence and popularity arerneanu[el
likes on Facehook, and tweets on Twitu
memes are a fomi of social commenta
and entertainment tolled into one. Mem
can really shape our world and reality
they are accessible to everyone. So wh
are you waiting for— let's get menring!

a whether I try
superficial supafib I stupaftfl I ttenishich
lottiw, plytkL
entertainment I rozrywka
measured I mierzony
roiled into oth I ttrpnlycznrty w tn
to shape oth I ksztoltnwaf cot
accessible tori I dnstf pry din kogni

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Who ci Piece oF Work Is man...
by Karolina Kaim

In this interview, we will go behind the scenes of the life of the fabled nlaywriht poet
and actor - William Shakespeare. We shall meet the mastermind of tragedies such as
Hamlet, Othello or Macbeth, whose works have echoed over the centuries.

EM: I will start with the question He quickly follow" '5 "" tetof his time
I love to ask - why? Why did William the tragic poem Th his sabseuuent
Shakespeare become famous, and why Lucrece (1594), ant sure printed with
did you choose to devote your entire the theatres reopel name on the tide
academic career to him? he was no longeejt gm as an nddt-
MO: William Shakespeare became one more freelauct :ional stills-
famous when, at an early stage in his career hack but an estab- 02111: some,
as an actor and scriptwriter, the London lished author. As such as Henry
playhouses were closed during an outbreak a result, he was IV part I
of giggie, and, somehow y(3gtygig finan- able to become went through
dalsuppntl front the hart of Southampton, a shareholder nearly as
he published a narrative poem instead. in the p.i. many editions
Venus and Adonis (1593) isn't his best- eminent theatre as had Venus
known work now, but it was his most company of the and Adonis.
popular titigitti work during his own time time, the Lord Nobody else
(it was re ten times before he died, Chamberlain's was simttltane-
and another six over the following two Men (lateradupted, 005iy as talented
decades). An elegant, compassionate but after the access atj: nd experimen-
very funny piece of literary soft pornog- James 1, as the Kb a poet, and at
raphy - mostly consisting of the gstfii Men), and as a ma red and experi-
Venus's successivepynting, vohtptuotts but as well as an at a playwright: to
alas futile rhetorical utiotttpis to persuade aplaywright,bewasanaeuaouor a,rnuotcom,hebecame
the sulky ystgthAdnnistohave sex with her attistic control over the development of famuus, and itebas retnained famous
- it made Shakespeare's nttte yycrniglt. his own dramatic talent as could no other because his writings are extraordinarily

ofobled I slynrri,slawty
, to consist of sth I skiadal sq a czegot established I tu:cerotny
playwright I dromntutgdramatupisarz goddess I bstni shareholder I udzialowiec
mastermind I tu:geniusz to pant I dyszei pm-eminent I many
to devote sth tush I pod Wiycai cad kornal voluptuous Ca lAptluas I panytny, zrlrynlouyo aoc055inn I ta:dojdcie do wiaday
playhouse I teat, alas I niestely as welles I jakr6wniu
outbreak I wybuch futile I nieskutecany, nadarerrny to mcml tontrol over 5th I sprawowab kortroly
plague plerg I tu:diuma attempt I prim, usitunasie nad caymi m0020rtwai cti
to obtain sth I otrayrrrpeaf cot sulky I nadqsary, ptchmurny noubsequent I piieiejsey
rapport I wsparcie youth jO I to: ml odzieniec selling-point I ta:aalela
earl I d:uk to make one's renal rozslawiE kogni simultaneously 51121012 aol / saimttenn:asl:
instead I w aanhlan overnight I zdnianadziei I ledrocretnie
printed I druktnany anap. I the obvious I oclywiste
reprinted I nzrrawiany freelance I niezaleiny to remain I pozostal
compassionate I petnn wspi+czucia hack I nt pat. p:smak extraordinarily I radzoqczainrr

EegttSfl MattersSO 2016

good. His characters may try to ftt4gg
each other, but Shakespeare himself seems
never todo so, instead leaving them free In
become themselves, and to negotiate their
own relations with one another, before our
eyes. As a result his plays give more scope
to actors, directors, translators and critics
than do any others.
As for the much less interesting ques-
tion of my own career, I came to love
Shakespeare's works at school and uni-
versity, as both a student and a ig
actor: since I turned out to lack the neces-
sary histrionic talent to become an actor
(even at 20, Iwas always cast as esposito
old men, like Egeon and Friar Laurence
and even lime), that left scholarship. My
accountant grandfather had been an ama-
teur actor tan—and he, at least got to play
old Hamlet's ghost once - so there was
some unfulfilled interest in Shakespeare
lurking in my family background before
me. (I've actually written a whole book
about non-professional involvement
in live Shakespeare, Shakespeare and
AmateurPer)brinance—you shouldboyit).
I haven't, in fact, devoted my whole career
to Shakespeare — over the years, I've taught
contemporary British writing, and the
Enlightenment, and the European comic
novel, all sorts of things, and I have edited
a Thomas Middleton play, and I have co-
written a hank about Elizabeth I and her
reputation, too. But Shakespeare studies
are a wonderfully generous and varied
professional field: because itggry all sub-
sequent Anglophone writers and nearly
all other national literatures have done
important things with Shakespeare, the
study of his work connects to all sorts of
other fascinating figures, times and places.
(If I had chosen to concentrate on, say,
Henry Fielding instead, I doubt I would
have got to lecture in Weimar, and Gdatisk,
and Paris, and Athens, and Rome, and
China, and Rumania, and Singapore, and
all over North America...). And because
of his centrality to Anglophone literary
studies - if it weren't for Shakespeare's
artistic achievements, universities might
never have admitted that it was worth
studying any literature other than that
written in Latin and Greek - most of the
best new philosophical and critical ideas
get tried our on Shakespeare first, His plays
were already being taken on toot around
the Baltic in the early seventeenth century,
and his adoption as the 'third German
classic' alongside Goethe and Schiller
during the formative year of German
literature and his subsequent naturalisation
into almost every other theatre culture on
the planet have made him the foremost
figure in world literature. It would be hard
not to think of studying the works, times
and afterlife of any other single writer as
adomotioo after working in Shakespeare
studies.
EM: Everyone knows Shakespeare
for being a great poet and playwright, yet
we know very little about what he was
actually Like. What was his personality
like? Did his charm help him get to the
top or was he rather frgLd and bitter?
MD: I clout think Shakespeare's own
personality was of much interest to him: if
it had been, perhaps he would have written
about it, instead of scrooulouslv keeping
it out of the way so that his readers could
respond more directly to his stories and
his characters. If people are curious about
010 judge sb I ocer:af kugokusrtdzaikotoi
scope I tu: pole in popisu
would-ho I e:edoszty
In turn out I okazat sq
to lark stIr I rue pnsiaiai mogul
to be nest I byiobsadzarryn
expository I adzelajqcyrod,sdnielojqcyja0nien
scholarship I styperdiurn
accountant I ksiqtc'q
at leant I przyrmnjmnniej
unfulfilled I rsespefrriory
lurking I ta:tlqcvsiq
background I taihistrria
involvement in stir I raongaztwarie w cod
Enlightenment I Odoecenie
varied I zrizrricowany
nearly I prawie
to connect to sb/nIh I tu:prowadzii do kuguil
achievement I tsiqgniqoe
tn admit that.,, I przyznuwuf.±e.
worth doing sib I wart zrobieniaczngud
ngIIsfl Manors 5012016
what Shakespeare was like as person, it
is SQItiIY because of what he wrote: it isn't
that we only care about his plays and poems
because we have heard that he was an inter-
estiogbiuiue. Sadly formudem biographers,
the Elizabethan theatre industry, lively as
it was, didn't tim to gossip magazines or
kiss-and-tell ingcjooji and the first-hand
lezilmottit we have about Shakespeare
as private man doesn't really add up
an inodeplit interview or a full-scale 110
n to try ash out Inn sthl I ptddswaf cod pribre,
przeteslowai cob sprowdroi zasadnovi cregni
formative years I okres ksrtnitowoniusiq
osobowodci
foremost I glfwny
afterlife I zyrn on drniprci
demotion I iegradacja
frigid I tu:rdystarsrwony, pooainy
bitter I ruzgrrzknia4y
scrupulously I skrupulatnie, pilnie
stalely I utqcznie
bloke I pot. facet, gulf
gossip magazine I magazyr plotkorski
kiss-and-tell I ujawnialqcy rumonse
Ire many osuby)
memoirs mrmwo:(r)t f !flffl5Q5
I wsponnnienia, panniylniki
first-hand I z pierwsrej ryki
testimony I iw,aieclwo
to add up to sth I tie doriwnywaf crentut
In-depth I dtglqbny
full-scale I to ma oelkq skaig
exposé. Much as his friends, such as Bert
Janson, say he was gentle and studious,
with abilities like Shakespeare's, I doubt
he'd have needed much chums to succeed.
If a theatre manager was lucky enough to
be sent, say, the first draft of Richard III,
I doubt they would have asked too many
questions about whether the author was
a nice, good-looking, sympathetic sort of
cbag before tigtgghtg to olugo it and make
a fortune foram the lalcitIgo.
EM: "Per Arena Ad Aloe", being
a motto of the Shakespeare's Institute,
must have some connection to his story.
Could you explain?
MD: The Shakespeare Institute, estab-
lished in Stratford in 1951, is part of the
University of Birmingham, which has
seen itself as the great civic university of
Shakespeare's home region ever since it
was fsttiodod in 1900. (The university's
main door has a statue of Shakespeare
placed centrally above it, first among
rtioaiu in a pantheon that includes Plato,
Beethoven, Newton and the like). "Per
ardua adults" - through hard work to the
beighio - is the mono of the whole univer-
sity: I suspect it was mainly intended to
disrinenish this meritocratic, open, mod-
em institution from the inhetinedthj)ogn
of England's two inodieval universities,
Oxford and Cambridge.
EM: What were the first and last
plays Shakespeare wrote? Were they
influenced by the stage of life he was in
at the time?
MD: Shakespeare fundamentally isn't
an autobiographical writer, and the people
who published his works (half of which
only appeared in print in the collected
Polio produced by his friends Heminge
and Caudell after his death) didn't snint)y
the enact dates when theywete composed:
but we can certainly trace his literatydevel-
opmenr across the 25 years of his working
life. His earliest play is probably The lisa
Gentlemen of Verona (c. 1590), written
when he was 26 or so, and bursting at once
with literary ambition and with an engag-
ing dramaturgical naiveté and clumsiness
(whenever them are mute than three people
on stage, Shakespeare starts to otmiouk
one of them, and he keeps half-forgetting
whether his characters are supposed to be
in Milan on Verona). His last sole-authored
play was The Tempest (1611), though after
that he still co-wrote two plays (Henry VIII,
1613, and The Two Noble Kinsmen, 1613-
14) with the younger writer who would
tng!ore him as the King b Men's main script-
writer, John Pletcher. It is very ignigling to
txrintout that Shakespeare began producing
what are now called his late romances,
which repeatedly dramatise daughters gek
tine betrtOhed and being reconciled with
their fathers - Pericles, Cymbeline, The
Whrterb Tale and The lhmpest—around the
time his elder daughter Susannah married
and made him a grandfather, but I won't.
EM: What's yotnrpositionin the dispute
abnuttheShakespeare authorship? Do you
think someone else could have written the
plays and poems linked to him?
MD: There isn't userious dispute about
whether Shakespeare wrote Shakespeare's
plays, any more than them is a serious dis-
pute about whether NASA really managed
to land astronauts on the moon or secretly
draft I szkic
chap I pat. golf, lacer
to agree to do sth I agodz:f sq Ca z/rtbienie
cregot
It stage SIb I wystawif extra scene
takings I utarg wp+ywy
civic I rurnrejsk:
founded I zatnzurry
equal I rOwnp
In include sb I obejrrroacaf kogni
and the like I i :ym podobo:
heights I to nyzyry
to distinguish sth form sob I odrizn:f cot nO
meritutratix I rrrerytokralyrzny (system,
at ktÔryrrr pozyrjn uzalezniora jest ad
unoeittnttc: i kornpetencji)
inherited I dziedziczory
privilege pnuol:03 I przyoilej
medieval I tredniowieczny
lobe Influenced by sob I byf pod wplyuerr
czegoi
to supply sth I dtstnrczaf rzegti
to truce sth I prue/tledz:f rot
to burst I wybachaf czyrvt
ts.uteal M.tt.r.solztrn
faked some TV footaue in a studio. Since
the mid-nineteenth-ceotmy there have been
sintsr tigatto, evidence-free conspiracy
theories about the Shakespeare canon,
some tiuiiilsttiiisg the plays Ill aristocrats
who were definitely dead before many
of the plays were even written, but since
everybody in Elizabethan and Jacobean
England who said anything on the subject
at all said that Shakespeare's plays and
poems were written by the famous and
well-documented William Shakespeare of
Stratford (fg!)goy-writers, court officials.
yrittiety, fellow actors, priests, all those
is
people Stratford who put up a big tomb
withan epitaph comparing Shakespeare to
Vugil), and since absolutely nobody said
they weren't, I'm inclined to go along with
the unanimous testimony of the contem-
porary eyewitnesses rather than with the
paranoid daydreams of sotne recent cranks.
Fortherecotnl, take thinkthar Elvis Presley
is dead and that the world is round.
EM: What happened during the
"lost years"? It never sounded like he
was a "family guy" but here we are,
nai001i I oa:wrsotf
clumsiness I nieporadnotf
In overlook sb I prznncayf kugot
urn replete sb I zustypowaf kognt
tempting I kosz9ry
In point not that... I wskazywab ze
to got betrothed I zarryzuf sit
to reconcile with sb I po/godzii siq z kmmi
to fake sth I sfalszownf cot
TO footage I :elevsizviny material filmnwy
various I rainy
bizaure I dziwoy
evidence-free I paabawitny dowodiw,
be? po0Sr OWfl
to attribute sth to sb I przypispoai cat komnst
fellow I kolega
snort official I umngdnik sqdtsyo
printer I drskarz
tomb tu:m I nagrnbek
lobe inclined to do sth I skiarnaf sit do
z/robienitrzegtt
unanimous Junatnimas I jednomytiry,
jedrotlotny
eyewitness I twiadek
crank I teE pot. pomyleroc
witnessine his disappearance from the
London theatre scene. Was he busy being
a father or simply looking for inspira-
tion?
MD: Shakespeare never disappeared
from the London theatre scene, once he
had arrived on it (even towards the end of
his life, when he was co-writing with his
apprentice Fletcher, he was involved in
a ptoggtiy purchase near his company's
Btackfiiars theatre), but then he never dis-
appeared from his home town either - he
always appears to have commuted season-
ally between Stratford and London. The
phrase 'the lost years' just refers too 7-year
period for which we don't happen to have
any direct docomentatytgcrtt about what
he was doing, between the bapifrmn of his
twins Judith and Hamner in Stratford in
iSliS and a 1592 London pamphlet which
identifies him as the author of Henry VT
part 2. It looks as though he was already
writing plays by 1590, so it is just a matter
to witness sth I doiwiadczatrzegoi
disappaoraoee I znikniqre
apprentice I uczef
to be mactoed in sth I hyf is cci
zoungaiowanym
property I nierochomoif
purchase ps:tjas I ps:rtfos I rakup
to csrnnrate I tudnjezdiot, kursowaf miydzy
record loops
baptism I chrzest
twins I bliiriitta
is newly-crosoded I tie licaycy nouuych czlunkiw
nntziny
PglrtsktFvthSçtstspafIoLItL\af I
of guessing when it was between 1585
and 1590 that Shakespeare left his father's
family business and newly-crowded fam-
ily home and got into the theatre industry
instead.
Actually, I think Shakespeare definitely
was a 'family guy', to judge by the care
he always tank of his family's status and
comfort: going through the elaborate and
costly business of obtaining a family coat
yturom, hoyingamagnificent family home
(New Place, the grandest private house
in Stratford), investing in Stratford land,
atitiicittuly changing his will at the end of
his life on protect his younger daughter's
inheritance from the feckless and unveil-
yfrig young man she had just married. In
legal imni tnQttX in London, he calls him-
self 'William Shakespeare, gentleman,
of Stratford-upon-Avon in the county of
Warwick': when working away from home,
he only lived in tgglg_d jgigg, and he
gave his pgrtnattgttt address as Stratford,
elaborate I rozbudowony
coat of arms I herb
magiolfiteot I wspanialy, okazaly
anxiously I z nhaw5 z trwngq
will I tutestament
inheritance I spadek
feckless I tu nierdprwiedzialny
unreliable cnn broil I niegodny aaufaraa
legal I pr000y
testimony I tu:oiwiadczernie
rented I vonatmowury
lodging I zakwaterswan:e
permanent I stafy
5,5w, lr,nkas Obcy,
Glossa
\fqnnInssa.I
OfaOzyjgzyltolllg.gF
where his wife and children were. He is
a family guy as awtiter too: it is his interest
in dtumatising the stages of family life, the
transformations and changes of role people
ttt)to as they grow jigi which has helped
make his work useful across so many dif-
ferent periods and places. That's one reason
he is drawn to writing about monarchies:
in monarchy, the power relations of the
state and the powerstnmctrates of the funnily
are indivisible each fagoring the other. He
prefers to ideas as characters rather
than to editotialise and those characters
lenthia have parents, sjfajjggi, patters,
children.
EM: You yourself claim that
Shakespeare has inspired and stimu-
lated the creativity of people across time
—what's so compelling about this man's
works, bin history?
MD: It's the gaps, the suggestions,
I think, the way the plays actively want to
be acted and intetpretedinnewcontext
ra to undergo sth I przechodzit przez mi
to grow up rosnyf, dnrastai
lobe drawn to sth I tu:byf caymi
zainrercsnaanym
indivisible mis urzabl I nrepodzelny
to figure I tn:byf zale±nym od,
ksztaltnwtt
to embody sth I uosabiaf cot
to aditorialise I prrodstow of wiasny
np c:y
to tend to I tn:wykurysaftendencjy
siblisgS I rrdzehslwn
compelling I pncrygalyry
h
-
AMOW
DEIPLATNY
KATALOG
the way they invite our imaginations ho, exactly the right size and Ixiuthict to ane in television shows, graphic novels, video
so that we co-create them as they happen. rehearsal rooms. games. I preferlhem as live theatre myself,
They aren't finished, finite monuments: EM: Do you have anything against but if it is acceptable for Shakespeare
there is always more to do, another time, Shakespeare retellings For example, to turn Chaucer's Troilus and Crtseyde
another nerfonnance, another country in Bright Smoke, Cold Fire, aYoungAdult and Homer's The Iliad into Troilus and
which these plays will take new shape and novel by Rosamund Hedge is strongly Cressida I don't see why today's writers
mean new things. based on, ghyiggisl Romeo and Juliet. shouldn't datrLstn where he left off in
EM: What's the use of your constelta- Is this a minitno of tjignig, or show of whatever medium they prefer.
tiones with theatre directors and actors? offbeat creativity? EM: If someone agreed to read only
Do you adsilot them yg how they should MD: Shakespeare doesn't awnthe last one play by William Shakespeare, which
interpret some of William's plays? word on any of the material he reworked one would you recommend?
MD: That varies a lot, Some just want to himself, even if his version of the Romeo MD: lwouldn't want them to read it in
think aloud about the play they are work- and Juliet story is likely to go on being alot the first instance: I'd want them to agree
ing on and are glad of someone who is more famous than any other: his plays are to see it performed, really well, ideally
interested and who might he able to dug fair game, just as Arthur Brooke's 1562 in production by a really good director.
In with something relevant that they have narrative poem Romeus and Juliet was (Thomas Ostemseier"old do, for instance.
rend or noticed about that play too: some fair game when Shakespeare transformed Or Lucy Bailey. Or Jan Klata), Depending
want to hear in detail about ptgyiogn pro- it into a play in 1595. That was one of on who they were (and what was on),
ductions (since theatre practitioners rarely the exciting things about his moment in I'd probably send them to A Midsummer
go to see each other's work, even when free theatre history: permanent, purpose-built NightS Dream or to Hamlet. Or to any of
to do so), so that they can avoid repeating playhouses were still a new phenomenon them, really. I'm sure they'd soon igonga
other people's mistakes or ggggycittg to when Shakespeare arrived in London, and, on their daft self-denying pgIggctgtgl and
steal their ideas: some just prefer having as new media will, the theatre companies go hack for more.
Elizabethan vocabulary and allusions and which performed in them were busily
contexts explained fo.ggtssti to having engaged in reprocessing all the previ-
to look them up in a book I'm having ous hits of culture they could get hold of
a lovely time at the moment working with (classical mythology and history, literary
the actor Simon Russell Beale and my classics, folk igigo, medieval romances,
Institute colleague Abigail Rokison: we histories of dynastic intrigue, recent news
are designing a series of new single-play stories) to make it into this new kind of
editions of Shakespeare which will con- entertainment. Since then Shakespeare's
boo only the exact information actors and plays have been endlessly reprocessed
directors actually need, and which will be in their turn, into novels, operas, films,

rafinite I sknirzocy theme I wytek

performance I wykonanie
to advise sh on oth I doradzaE ktmui
wjnkieli Invests
to easy I siq
to chip in I dokladsf rut, wtrycif cal
previous I wczeinioJsZy, uprzedni
to appear tu:Wliawai St
in person I osobricie
to look up sth I sprawdzae cot
rip. w sluwnikul
to contain eth I zawleraf ton
latypefoce I krij pisma, krój czcioriki
rehearsal room I sari prtb
retelling Its: nnwu werstu, udaptarla
obviously I tcz1wiirie
misuse I niewtairiwr ulyoe,
tad anc 0
offbeat I n eknnwencjonnlny
to own the lost word on I miel ostalnir
sltnt
purpose-built I zbudowaey w okret nnvm
rein, spetniajyty okreiloriyoel
phenomenon tuner man I Fa no rear
I zjawlskc
busily I akt5wnie
folk I ladnvsy
tale I bajku, bail
is to carry on I kontynuowar
to leave off I przestai,zaprzestaf
to renege on sib tan e.g / ri nets on snml:
I nO drtrzyrnpaai czegir
daft I ru.gtupr, niemydsy
self-denying I peter asyrzerznh
agreement I tu.uklad, ustalerme
Michael Dobson
Michael Dobson is the Director of the
Shakespeare Institute and Professor
of Shakespeare Studies. He graduated
from Oxford in 1990 with the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy. He is the founder
of the European Shakespeare Research
Association and the Academic Dean
of the Shakespeare programme at the
British-American Drama Academy. His
works include The Oxford Companion
to Shakespeare and Performing
Shakespeare's Thogedies Today: The
Actor's Perspective.

EnSHII Maee.rasolmOlo
 Conversation matters 27

Mokm HQQohLmenLs
by Jonathan Sidor

We've all got places to go and people to see. Setting an appointment is a commonplace
activity that takes place with friends, at work, and when handlinE a multitude of errands.
Jot down these expressions to help you out the next time you need to take out your diar

Informal Questions
•fotioy goingru the cinema this Saturday?
• How does Friday sound to you?
• How about aettion tonetlter next week?
• Why don't we do something fun tomor-
row?
• Can you meet at, let's say, 8:00?
Do you iccUibe doing anything this
weekend?
Whendo"......
over?
• When did you have in mind?
• Would Monday ool.t you?
• Can you manage 1:00pm?
• Would Wednesday afternoon be cpt
Informal Confirmation
•Yes, I'm free all day.
•That sounds good.
• I'll see you then.
• I'm wide wen tomorrow.
Formal Confirmation
•Tuesday suits meat well.
• Yes, that would be perfect.
I can fit you in at 12:00.
• The latter part of next week works well
for me.
• That would be great.

Formal C Expressing Inconvenience

Is there al • Sony, but I'm tied up on Saturday.
Tuesday? • My day is booked solid.

to make an appointment I umawiui sit rio

spotkarrie/wrzytt
to set nth I tarustalat cot
commonplace I pouszechny
to handlesth I zwiafroadz0sobrezmymi
multitude I mriogoii
errand I sprawa do zatatwienia
to jot down 5th I za/notuwat cot
diary dOctor I tu:kalordazz
to fancy doing sth I mini oriroty na zrobrenie

to get together I spttkai siy

In feel like doing sth I mad ochoty na
zrobienie rzegoi
to cume over I wpaid,wpadad
to suit Sb I pasowat aipowradai ktmui
convenient I dogodny, odptwiedni
wide open I rarwolny
the latter I ru'druga poioeia
Fancy gem inconvenience I rriedogoinoti
to the niner to be tied up I byi zaittym
this Saturd to be booked solid I by[ zajytyrn
28 Conversation Matters
A Family Meal
Luke: Hey dad, I'd really like to lake
you and mum out furdinner. twas hop-
ing for next week. Which days coming
up are convenient for you?
Phil: Hang on a second, let me take
a look at my calendar.. It seems the
weekends will suit us best,
Luke: How does dinner on Sunday
sound to you?
Phil: Actually, we already have some-
thing planned for this Sunday. What
do you think of Saturday? Is there any
chance we could meet then?
Luke: Hold on... Yes, I think that'll
work. I propose picking you gays up
around 5:30pm from your place. Is that
suitable?
Phil: Looks fine to me, but make sure
you double-check with your mother
too.
Luke: I'll do that. Until Saturday then!
to seem I sydawat siy
hold on I pntzekaj
to double-check oth with sb I sprawdz:t cut
•My schedule is booked up.
•I'm afraid I can't meet then.
•My day looks quite busy.
•Monday is all taken u.
I realty don't think Tuesday is possible.
•Wednesday will be little difficult.
Cancelling an Appointment
•Due to unforeseen circumstances, twill
be unable to keep our appointment.
•Could we reschedule?
• Something unexpected has ygg.gp, I'm
afraid I have to cancel.
'I won't be able to make it after all.
• Something gu has arisen.
• Something has- justctoppedttp thatt mast
tend to.
Checking Information
•One moment, let me check my calendar.
•ffypg.yys a second, I'll get my diary.
•Wait a sec.
Let me take a tusk.
Liosing
! look forward to seeing you on
Wednesday.
Until then.
I can't wait until next Friday.
•Great, so I'm confirming tuesday at
5:00pm.
Keepinil Track of
Your Appointments
Are you the type of person who often
forgets meetings or appointments? Never
fray there are a figttyly of methods atyonc
rgotulthat can onmedythis problem. Fissy
get in the habit of tsithbtg everything down.
Make a notebook or diary a part nfyouedaily
routine, scribble down important infomia-
fiory so you can alwayst kitaubtutefianit
your nsinst If that's tnoodd.hal, awide selec-
tion of technological tools can pus your
entire schedule at your finneitirs. Explore
the world of apps, to find calendars com-
plete with alarms and innilhtfirts for every
occasion. Potting this gear to use can ttidiot
organising the busiest of schedules a breeze
schedule I grahk, plan zajyf
to be taken up I bVE zajytfu
to cannel sob I odzolaof cot
due tosth I zpnwndczegnt
anforesean I nieprzewidziany
circumstance I tknliczrntf
to keep an appointment I tupreybyi eat
staw:i sy flu spotkanie
to reschedule to ,ri:'jedju : /,rr ske,::
przalozyf sputkanie
to come up I pujawif sq, wypaif
urgent 3: doart I cr53081 I pilot
toarise I poiow:f sq
to crop up l wypadak uqsknczyf
to tend to I tu:zalutaif, dapilnnwai
hang on I pnszekai
to confirm oth I pntwierdzai cot
to beep track of oth I kontruluwaf cut
E•,orsn M00011 5012010
A Girls' Night Out
Laura: Hey, fancy doing something
fun this weekend? We hardly gu..a.ui
anymore.
Gloria: fimti1ilri ideal When did you
have in mind?
Laura: Why don't we du something
ioatjoty. let's say, a trip to the cinema,
on Saturday night?
Gloria: Oh no, I'm tied upon Saturday.
How does your Friday tusk?
Laura: t think Friday's fine.
Gloria: Awesome. Shall I come pick
you up around 8 o'clock?
Laura: Sure, I'll see you then. I'll call
the girls too to see if they can tag, yiong.
Gloria: Wicked! I can't Wait to see
everyone then.
to go out I nychodzrf ta rs:astn)
smashing I fontmtvcznt, iwietny
low-hey I tu:spnkniry
awesome I super
to pick oh up I ndhieraf kngut
to tog along I put. przylrgzyf sly
wicked I to: pot. ywietnie
I can't wait I no mogy se doceekof
How to Avoid Cancellations
We all have that one ureefln friend
who has titosfurad the art of rescheduling
variety I riznorndrotf
at one's disposal I do czyjett dyspnzycii
to remedy oth I rnzwiz,zat cut
to get in the habit I pragzcpuczaifsiy
to write mb down I zapispusat cot, rutowaf rot
to scribble down sob I ca/nntnwut zu/pisaf cat
to take a peek I zerknyi
to refresh uth I udtwieiyt cut
old hot I pot przestueztignrenaaasie,ritmulfly
entire I caly
at your fingertips I lutwo dnstypnt
reminder I praypomnienin
gear I to: oarzydzie, upcugrornawanie
tornoheotlrobeeeza I sprasiicoecntiestpotkq
to avoid sth I uniknfczegnt
unreliable I ninsolidny, taki, no ktitym ste
mnzca polegad
to master sob I oparrowuf cot do perfekcji
 Mitosc
najsi1niejszq niotywacj
do nauki jzyka obcego.
meetings, showing no late or flat ot can- to show op late I spiiniai sip
ceIling. Usually, this does nothing but sex In flat out I pot. prostt z mostu, wprost
us and eatOn our precious time. While to see ob I zitiod kogai
some foclQn are out of our control, there to waste sth I marnowuf raP G CowfcO Lit Po,t,k 0
0

are a few measures that can alleviate our Parlor I czynrrk

appointment ilLs.
First, contact your partners regularly
in the days leading unto the meeting to
ensure no one has lost truck of it. A good
old-fashioned phone call works as a strong
reminder. Next, work on your own punc-
tuality. If the rest of your party coituist-
otioly arrives on time and has to watt
for one troublemaker, they may get the
hint sooner or later. Finally, the direct
approach may be necessary. If you're
finding a friend's poor time mananement
unbearable, simply let them know how
it affects you and propose constructive
solutions for the future.
measure I tu:spuslb
to alleviate nih tu aidvielt tomltp
ANGIELSKI
NIEZBDNIK IZYKOWY
z/lagodad mi
ills I tu:bolymzki ROZMOWKI OLA PAR
leading up to eth I poprzedzaiocy rod Nit ttlOt Matltiolirh
consistently I ktrisekwentnie
troublemaker I osoba sprawiajyca kltptty
to get the hint I zrazorriek zalupud
approach I podejdde, vretoda
time management I zarzydzanie
c005em
unbearable Anbeorabi / anberabi I tie do
to affect ski wplyoai no kogok dotykoi
ktgai

Pomoc w nauce
konwersacji z partnerk
Phoning the Doctor Cancelling a Lesson lub partnorem z krajti
Frank: Hello, I'd like to make an Marie: Hello, Jason? I'm afraid my anglojgzycznego.
appointment to see the doctor as soon son won't make his maths lesson today.
as possible. Something urgent has come up. Ciekawy i niebanalny
Shelly: We'd be happy to see you. Jason: Don't worry, Marie. I under- sposOb nauki angielskiego
Which times are convenient for you? stand. Would you like to reschedule? w parze.
Frank: Would next Tuesday in the Marie, Yes, that would be lovely. Can
afternoon be convenient? you propose some alternate dates? At 40 bloków
Shelly: I'm afraid the doctor's folly Jason: How does Friday sound to you? tematycznych.
hooked then. May I propose an alterna- Marie: Peter should be free then, he
NiespotVkane w innych
tive date? gets off from school at 2:00pm. Would
ksiogkach zwroty
Frank: Yes, please. My schedule is 3:30pm be acceptable?
wide open so I can adjust to your sug- Jason: Let one take alook atmy diary... i wyrazenia potrzebne
gestions. I'm afraid I'm tied op then, but what w zwizku przyjacielskim,
Shelly: Can you manage Wednesday about 4:00pm? partnerskim czy
next week at 2:00pm? Marie: Yes, that suits us well. I'll con- malzeñskim.
Frank: Yes, that would be perfect. firm with him but we would like to book
Shelly: Excellent, I'll pencil you that time slot. • Ka±de zdanie tturnaczone
Frank: Great, so I'll be there next Jason: Great, so look forward to see- na jzyk poiski.
Wednesday at 2:00pm. Thank you very ing him then. Make sure he does his • 158 dialogow midzy
much. homework.
partnerami oraz ich
Shelly: We look forward to seeing you Marie: Of course. I apologise for the
przyjaciô+mi nagranych
then. inconvenience.
Jason: Don't worry. Igitcogig! w formacio mp3.
to admit to 5th
i dtstostwoi sip Or rregin, dopasowod sip alternate,. I iou . liurrut tordmEirny,
do czegod alterratywny
to pencil sb in i oapisysai mInt (np. do time sInI i proedzialcrasoury la:termio
Iekarza) take cane I awaiaj no siebie, trrvmaj sip
WAGE
sea—
-AMA

twilab Matter.xtlztlo WW W. WAG RO S. PL

 ciri PrriL
by Anna Buczko

,
IF

The Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) is a land of deserts, plateaupItvo p1m tuu I pIaskowy
high mountains, plateaus and vast plains. It is a country cOOt I rntlogly
n rowrcta
of cultural, ethnic and religious diversities. Throughout diversity I raznorodnosc
the years, virtually since its outset the country has been virtually I wzasvdzje

tormented by a number of conflicts. In recent years, Syria notset poz4tek

tormented I drqczony, rrawiedzariy
has been given a lot of worldwide media coverage due to media coverage I reIajawmedach
the ongoing Syrian Civil War. What is Syria really like? due tosth I zpowaduczegoi
ongoing I trmaJy
The answer is in the article below.

angus... Matt...5812016
 odey's Syria occupies an area once
Tfaekey
Leben
Modileve,roan
T known as the Fertile Crescent.
The country lies in Western Asia,
and it borders Loiltinon and the
Mediterranean Sea (west), ilstjogg
(north), Iraq (east), Jordan (south) and Israel
(southwest). Its territory is 185,180 km2,
so it is one of the smallest Middle East
lraq
confines. The north and the south of the
Wnneylk'. country are agricultural regions. Syrian
Egypt Desert is in the east and Jabal al-Dntze,
Jdae.>Seedi Amble a volcanic region, is in the south. Syria's
highest point is Mount Hermon (2,814m),
and it lies on the border with Lebanon.
Damascus is the capital of the country,
and Aleppo is its largest city. Syria's most
famous river is called the Euphrates, and it
is 2,800 km long. Interestingly, Syria still
uses roads which were created about four
thousand years ago. Its climate is hut and
dry with mild winters. The main natural
resource of the country is pgltQigiim.
Ethnic Diversity
In Syria, Arabs (both Syrian and
PalesthoianAmtss)conslinoteattnroxjntately
74%ofthecounity'spopulatiotLmesccond
biggest ethnic group are the Kurds. Syria
is also lnjytgd by Turkmen, Citcassians.
Greeks and Armenians. The country was
inhabited by Jews as well, however, in the
second half of the 19° century they began
emigrating to other destinations inolni)iitg
the United States and Great Britain. The
official language in Syria is Arabic, with
anumberof dialects. However, there are also
other languages spoken, such as Kurdish,
Armenian and Turkish.
approximately I okofo
— — —
inhabited I ramiesekarry
Circassian I Cuerkies
i Fertile Crescent ft tail 13:01 Ire (a)r2 Jew I Zyd
I Zvzny Pilksiyayc, Zloty RIg destination I k:erunrk
to border oth I grarriozyf z rzyrrrl including 5th I wlntznie z czyml
Lebanon lebonan I Liban 2 t provide uth I dusnarczai czegui
Mediterranean ,meirtaretnlan I tridrienny believer I wieraycy, wyzrrawca
Turkey tt:k: I tt:rki I Turrja Sunni I sunnita
mild I lagodny Shia I sryite
resource I to bogartwo Druze I drur
petroleum I ropu riaftowa It Sal oat oth I ta:defcriuwai ml
to constitute P stonuwlE slightly I Iekkn
EnglI.ls Matt—a 5012016
Religion
In Syria 90% of the population are
Muslims. Islamic beliefs and values pro-
vide guidelines for believers in all aspects
of life. When itcomes to religions diversity,
about 74% of the population in Syria are
lltami)s (80% of whom are Syrian Arabs),
03% are lihian, 10% are Christian, and
3% are Druze.
Islam is a religion based on the Qur'an —
the holy book which sets gttgthe main val-
ues and philosophy of life forils believers.
However, there is a place within Islam for
slighily different perspectives and inter-
pretations. The earliest religious s1b had
its beginning shortly after Muhammad's
death. His followers were left without
a spiritual leader, so the main problem they
had to strunole with boiled down to who
Mnhantmad'succgs r(the Caliph) ought
to be after his death. The Caliph's main
role is In have Co3tgy of Muhammad's
legacy. This is how Shia and Sunni Islam
were born. Shins strongly believed that
someone from Muhammad's family ought
to be his successor. Sunnis, on the other
bosti, did noIppyyyof Ibis pointof view.
They believed that a family relationship
with the Prophgo was of no importance
when it came to becoming the Caliph.
Both Sunni and Shia constitute orthodox
versions of Islam and have been followed
for centuries. Islamic Sunnis belong to all
social groups in society and have politi-
cal representatives in all political par-
ties. Apart from different perspectives
on religion, there are also political and
legal differences between these two °
split I roziam
follower I owolennik
to straggle with 5th I znngaf siq Z rzyrrrs,
irrykaf siy z rzyrrnl
to boil down to stir I sprowadzai ny in czegoi
successor I nastypca
custody I rpieko
legacy I spticizna
on the other hand I z dragiej strony
to approve of stir I akcnptowei ml
prophet p01111 rrOZtt I psorok
apart from sth I opricz czegti
legal I prawry

groups. It is possible to distinguish four
schools of Islamic law within the Sunnis,
all of which are based on the holy book
of Islam. In the Shi'ite version, there is
only one school of Islamic law. Sunnis
and Shia have often ggggd each other
of being unfaithful to the Qur'an's roles
and even of heresy.
Cuisine
Syrian cuisine is a mixture Turkish,
Lebanon, Palestinian, Jordanian and Iraqi
cuisine. It includes such dishes as kebabs,
hummus, falteh (pieces of sink, fresh or
toasted flarbread with other inaredients)
and mafnshi (zucchini or aubergine with
beef, rice and outs), which are very popular
among people all around the world. When
in a Syrian restaurant you may be served
an nygctfser called a "meze" before you
start your dinner. Falafels are among the
most common street land.
A Brief Historical Note
Syria has suffered many bnssh1gs
and has had a bloody history. It was
OF ..i,i Mahshir Syrian
ne is a mixture
Turkish, Lebanon,
Palestinian, Jordanian and
Iraqi cuisine.
demonstrated by archaeologists and
researchers that the Syrian civilisation
was one of the oldest in the history of the
world. In the 7' century Syria was taken
over by Muslim Arabs and joined with
Egypt. Sobsenuently. Syria was the scene
of the struggles of the Egyptian dynas-
ties against the Mongols, ccnoedors and
Byzantium. Al the beginning of the 160
century, the country was included in the
Ottoman Empire. After World War I, the
Ottoman Empire was divided by Prance
and Great Britain into two territories, as
a result of which the land of Syria was
granted o France (the state of Lebanon
was separated from the rest, and Syria
was split into four religious sub-states). In
1941, France ocigged the indenendenceof
Syria, which was officially declared by the
country itself in 1943.
Recent History
Siocecognining its independence, Syria
has been suffering from political turmoil.
There have been several coops, which
eventually led to a Syrian government
EIIguISh Matt.fl5012016
controlled by the Ba'atb Party. tnthe mean-
limo, Syria not involved itt a war with
Israel and it militarily entered Lebanon
(initiating a long-lasting military occu-
pation). In 1970, the Syrian Corrective
Revolution broke out which resulted in
Hafez al-Assad taking averleadership of
the government. He niled the country until
his death, when he was tog)nnili by his son,
Bashar at-Assad.
The War in Syria
The Arab Spring is a term used to refer
to series of anti-government movements
to distinguish sth I wVr6zr& cog
law Ii I prawo
to accuse Sb of sin I oskarzaf kogof a cog
unfaithful tcsth I rriewiernytzeuui
cuisine kwizi:n I kuchnia
to include ath I abejruowai cog
stale I tu;rzerstwy
ingredient I skiadnik
oacchini I cukinia
aubergine aoba3r.fl i tnbar3r:r I bakialan
beef I wolowirna
appetiser I przstaauko
hardship I trudrrki
a researcher I badacz
robe taken over I rostuf p000jytym
subsequently snbsnkoantli 1w rlastqpstwre
crusader I krzyzowiec
to be divided I zostot podalelonym
to be granted In Sb I zostat komuf
przyunaayrn
to declare sth I oglout cut
independence I riepodlegloOf
to regain sth I odayskut cot
turmoil I zauvierucha, wrzennie, niepokij
coup ha I zamach stanu
eventually I w koftcu, ostotecznir
to lead to sth I prowadzif do czegut
rio the meantime I w mitdaycaasie
to get involved Is sth I zuangoionoi se w cot
to enter 0 Ira. rajechaf Xwlrorzyf do
to breakout I wybuchat
to result in sth I skutktwaf rzymt
to take over eth I praejniuwat cot
leadership I przyuddztwo
government I rzqd
to rule sin I raqdzif czymt
to replace sb I zastypowof kogot

and will not ewue the woontey to the grnaed.
that started taking place in the Middle East
in 2011. Riots wetvagggjig in the majuxify
of Arabic countries, including Syria. The
main reasons for all these mass protests
were dissatisfaction with dictatorships,
deterioration of living conditions, unem-
ploymani, rising prices, corruption,viola-
tion of human rights and soon. The protests
in Syria started on the 511 of Mardi 2011 in
the capital city of Damascus. The protes-
tors demanded democratic reforms and
the fplge of political prisoners. Protests
spread all over the country as a result of
which the Syrian Army responded with
military interventions. The conflict then
escalated and currefiy there are a lot of
parties involved in it, ggggj Turkey, the
USA, Russia, Iran and some European
sang on Inn the last row years new will gradually come to a
countries. The war has so far resulted £ riots orals I zarrsrszki, rozruchy
in inconceivable toll of civilian casual- to spark I wybuchaf
lies. Syrian refugees have been trying majority I wi5kszolf
to find asylum in Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq deterioration I pogrrszenie
and other countries. Some of them have unemployment I bezoobocie
been attemotinu to reaching the European violation of human rights I lamanie prow
Union, whose leaders have formonths been czlowirka
considering possible solutions to tackle the release I oswobodzen,e, uwoirrienie
resulting crisis. currently I obrcnie
namely I a mianowicie
Summary inconceivable nnkan'sivobI I niewyobrazalny
The Syrian civilisation is one of the toll I Iczba
most ancient in the world, and it is coon- casualty I ofiara
ty with a rich cultural legacy We can only refugee I uchoiica
hope that the war which has been going to attempt I pribowaf
an for the last few years now will gradu- to tackle ath I uporaE site rzyrri
ally come roan end and will not raze the gradually I stopriowo
country to the ground, In raze sth "e ground I zrOwnaf cot eziemly
• gII... &t.e.uOl2O16
31 Science

Printing Lhe --Wmgm~

UnprinLobLe
by Katarzyna Szpotakowska Did you know that 3D
printing, which is a truly
exceptional technology,
isn't actually a recent
invention? So, why hasn't
it been widely known and
used since the '80s,
when it was invented?
English Matters
investigates.

! B LOGS
..
STRAGHT'%'I'

;
.
;
MASZ JUL
NAJNOWSZE
WYDANIE
SPECJALNE
I
o printing drukowane
I
invention wynalazek

MATTE ?
 printing can be defined almost unlimited.

3 as building multi-
layerad objects from
a tcitritI of materials
Dsuch as plastic, glass
and metal, rather than printing as such.
The actual objects are createdfrom sctotcb,
step by step, layer by layer, until they are
three-dimensional.
3D printing was invented in the 'BOs.
The first printers used a stereolithography
technique, which was very expensive. As
a result, the technology didn't spread on a
large scale. Now, gyyjitgto the largernum-
her of available techniques, 3D printers
have become affordable and are no longer
dedicated only to specialists. To cut along
story short, the main difference between
the techniques that can be used to produce
three-dimensional objects boils down to
the way the individual layers are created.
3D Magic
3D printing is indeed magical, and
she list of objects that can be manufac-
tured with the use of this technology is
Also etttJa is the
list of professions
that can honofit
from it. It can be
used by designers
and architects to
make scale mod-
els. Various inthit-
tries can use it to
produce machine
parts. Artists, arche-
QjQgicto and even doctors are also among
the possible beneficiaries of 3D printing. affordable I dostypnycenowo
For example, doctors can print ONdiltelic to boil down to sth I sprowadzai sty do
arms, orgcjjteetlt, and the technology azegat
one day maybe used to build artificial Ill indeed I w rzeczy samej
manufactured rounju faktfairli
multi-layered mniti'ieia(r)d I wrelowarotwowy I wyprodvkuwary
variety I riznsrodnois a endless I ii eskonczony, niekoñcrqcy sit
from scratch I ad zeta to benefit from oth I czerpai z czegoi korzyici
step by step I krok pa kraku industry I tugtlyi przemyslu
layer by layer I warstwa pp warstwie archeologist TkI oiadyrst I arki a:iad3rst
three-dimensional I lrdjpomiaroary I archeoag
to spread I rozprzestrzenid sy prosthetic I proletyvzny, sztuczny
owing to stir I dziyki azernut artificial I sztuczny

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cone okredionym rodzajom blydOw: leksykaloym, frazeolo- przyktadami zaot000wanio regul w praklyce. Ponad 300
gicznym, fleksyjnym, interpuekcrisym, ortograficznym, styb- r620orodnych Owiazefi wraz z kluczem odpowiedzi pa-
slycznym i skiadniowym. Druga czgbd omawia niepoprawne zwulo on uumodzielne sprawdzeoie stopnia opnnowonia
sformutowania typowe w sytuacji poznawania ludzi, w pa- materiato. W ksig±ue znajdvjq sig rOwoie± tabele kosin-
drO±y czy w pracy. W ka±dym rozdziaie znajdziesz teksty, goCyjne prezentujyce odmiany czasownikOw nieregular-
ornówienie blydOw, przyktady I dwiczenia. nych.
Cone 39,90 at Cane 29,90 at

EDGARD
 orgausby laying down layers of cells using
l hell, so called bioprinters. Such technology
hasn't been invented yet, but the research
is in progress. 3D printing has begun to be
-. used in fond manufacturing as well. There
are already 3D chocolate printers, so, who
knows maybe in the future we will even he
able to print nnto of food instead of doing
- shopping in the traditional way.

An Abundance
3D Anatomica di of Opportunities
Fabn,os Revolutis Sculptural Inventors and visionaries have created
' such devices as the 3Doodler—a3Dprint-
ing pen. There already exist 3D printed
Shakahachi houses and cars. Our desktop printers will
ftote soon he capable of 3D paper printing. It's
just a matter of time before 3D printing
becomes much faster and starts using twice
as many techniques as it is making use of
now. There will bean abundance of 3D
printing tutorials gojiles and accessories,
not to mention omnipresent user-friendly
Infinite 5.sO High heels gpgo, All m all, 2lst century printing may
Mad Stand
become much more exciting and gJamor-
ous than we might ever expect.

John 0 Public
NASA has been testing 3Dprinting for
Acoustic ages, and pretty soon it will be your 1501.
guitar So, it's high time for all afustotojgi
what we'd like to print in 3D. •

Rigid heddle to lay down ath to lei darn somiq I nakiadaf

$
loom Co
cell I kurrrórka
research I badanie

r
tee I rzerz, twprodukt
abundance abrndafl5 I ohfitodfmnngotu
I opportunity I rnnzliwois
deolce I urzzldzenie
capable ad doing oth kelpabl or da:r3
'srrnylt I zdnlnydunlrobieniaczegud
tutorial Its. instrskcja
guide I pnzewodsik
A Bikini omnipresent I wszechnbnc V
user-friendly I prayjaany dlas±ytknwnika
app I pot. opllkacJa
/ 1
John Q Public I przeciytn5 obpootr/
11 turn I to. ktlnj
Phone case to ponder I zastafloWic sq
- ,

A 'A
murder
RLWOYS
in Foshlor
by Anna Buczko

Have you ever been on tenterhooks waiting for the next 010 be on tenterhooks I siedeloilak ra
episode of your favourite crime series? Have you ever szpilkarh
tried to solve a criminal riddle? It seems we've always riddle I zafadka
gripping I rio aiclgoi4cv
been fascinated by the dark side of human nature. English Iinnocent lnasnt I fliowinfly
Matters takes a closer look at the most gripping British seemingly I no ptzor
seaside I nadmorski
crime TV series. allot a Sudden I anionacka, nagle
to commit a crime I ptpetrsilzbrodnig
Broadchurch experienced I doiwradcznny
Thereis nothing in this world that cop I put policlant
affects us more than the death of an inno- to have bad press I med zly aping
cent child. Broadchurch is a small and ruse I sprowa
Segntnlil peaceful seaside town, where to inoestige I prtwtdzifliledztxo)
all of a sudden, a brutal crime has been appointed I mianowasy
committed. Alec Hardy (David Tennant), to settle in I taruzgoird shy
an experienced tea who had had Dress disbelief I nredowierzanhe
over a scandal surrounding a past caw he Intake hold of oh I tutgarnitikagoi
investiaated has been appointed the new ritinen I obywotel
Dl (detective inspector) of the local police. desperate to solve the case. As the drama Increased I twzwiykszony, rozbudzony
The new Dl does not have anytime to nellie giafeitis, Alec's past comes to light. We get to take the case forward I posusgi sprawy
its - a body has been found on the beach. to know that Hardy has a number of prob- do przodu
When the police arrive at the crime scene lems in his personal life. David Tennant to appear I wydawat try
it torus out that this is the body of eleven was given the lead in Beoadchurch with- close-knit ,klatt nit /,kloos oIl I azyty
year old nanny Latimer. Shock, fury and 001 audition. Almost none of the cast marvellous I wspanialy, cudowny
disbelief take hold of Broadchurch's citi- knew the killer's itienli at the beginning loner I samotnik
zens. The police immediately start inves- of directing. desperate I tu;edeterminowany
tigating the case. To make matters worse, to unfold I rnzwijaf shy
the increased media attention does not The Fall to come to light I wychodzif na iwratlt
help the police to take the case forward. The Fall is a BBC drama which stars dzienne
It appears that this small, dose-knit local Gillian Anderson, who is well-known to lead I gldwia rob
community is keeping some dark secrets, viewers as FBI agent Dana Scully from The audition I prarsiuchanie
and nothing is as it seems. XFiles, Stella Gibson (GiffianAnderson)is cast I obsada
David Tennant is absolutely marvel- a senior police officer investigating a series identity I floisamoif
lous as Dl Alec Hardy. We see an eccen- of murders of women in Belfast The serial to follow sob I Wpostypuwai wg czegoi,
tric man, a little bit of a inner, who is killer seems to follow the same scenario kopiowaf coi

EaSEI.h Matters 5012016


- he breaks into victims' homes at night,
waits patiently till they come back, and
then sgong!en them to death. Gibson soon
realises that he chooses his vtcltms accord-
in"a certain key— they all are beautiful,
small, young professionals with long, dark
hair. The serial killer is extremely intelligent
and does his best not to get caught. All the
evidence leads Stella tea young therapist,
Paul Spector (Jamie Doman).
The Fall is one of the few crime
series in which the lead role is played
by a woman. Stella Gibson is strong and
independent. At work she is professional,
emotionless and she sticks to the facts. In
her private life, she tries to keep herself to
herself, and treats men in acondesceudino
way, oftentimes perceiving them only as
sexual objects (she does not mind hav-
ing sexual intercourses with uQNritgs
attached).
Another British crime series worth
attention is entitled Ripper Street. The
drama is set in in the l9av century, in
the Whitechapel district of London. It
has been six months since the last Jack
the Ripper murder. When more and
more women are killed on the streets of
Whitechapel, the police start to wonder
d 'Jrt rrrtr!irt iti yritirh thrj rtrt'g
uu'Jrtr. idrtnrirj),
- jairtirt riurtian ,irrtked i;! rrruJe! brirjr -.
rk !tr prt
iipprr Srcrtrt it! :tattJt CECU! pre:ttnr3
lrl!UfU! vrtrinr,r!; 9! t!i:!urmul 9 itttrt.
if the infamous serial killer has come
back. Panic and turmoil take ove the
city. Whitechapel is overcrowded with
poor and dispossessed people. Victorian
London is definitely not a friendly place
to reside in - it is full of thfl and dust,
prostitutes, bgggats,raiders aodgggg
gJgitr. Detective Inspector Edmund Reid
(Matthew Macfadyen) tries In investi-
gate the series of murders. He does not
act alone - he is assisted by the loyal
Detective Sergeant Bennet Drake (Jerome
Flynn) and Captain Homer Jackson
sto break Into I slarryisaf siq it
to strangle Sb I a/dasc kogol
to death Ina krrrreri
to realise I adal snbie spraw
according to sib I wadlag czegti
to do one's best I dawaf z siebre
wsrystko
I
evidence dtwady
independent I niozaleznV
to stick to sth I trayriraf siy rzegti
I
condescending protekcjonalny
to perteiae sb I ptstrzegof kogol
sexual intercourse Isttsnnek
seksualny
with no strings attached wit nat 'strrflz
I
drury bet rtbuwiyzah
worth sth I wart rregck
t..Ih tt.es58l2O1O
(Adam Rothenberg), who used to work
as a surgeon for the US Army. Every
episode brings a new case to solve.
Solving Crime Puzzles
Nowadays crime series have became
tremendously popular and are followed
by viewers all over the world. So, if you
want to play a detective, and if you are
looking for a story which will keep yo
on the edge of your seat, try watching one
of the series described above. You won't
cegre.tit! IN
lack the Ripper I (aba Rczprriwaca
infamous I tslawiony, nieslawny
turmoil 'r TAI ttfln)nl I wrzown
to take over sth I npanoeat cal
overcrowded with eb I przepekrmooy xml
dispossessed I Pctbawrrry trodkiw
do iycia
dirt dnr/drrt I brud
beggar I ±ebrak
raider I iapieica
wheeler-dealer I pot kombinalon
surgeon - d3an I ss:rdtas I chinirg
nowadays I nbecnie
tremendously trarnnndasli I ogrnmnie
to keep eb on the edge of one's seat I trzymai
kogoi a naplycru
to regret sth I ralowal caegnl
 WhoLchomocoLLIV
by David Ingham

If you've ever forgotten an English

word at just the wrong moment, not to
worry, as there's a solution at hand -
use a placeholder phrase.

H
placeholder name is the term used
to describea word that is used
instead of a forgotten, unknown
or irrelevant phrase. Often they
refer do people or things. Take for
example the British English term "main".
lf you've been in a pub in the UK and have
ever hada free chair next to you then the
chances are you'll have heard someone
ask, "Excuse me mate, is anyone sitting
there?" The person asking mayhave never
met you before, so certainly wouldn't he
a mate (orfriend) of yours but as they don't
know your name, "mate" can be used
instead. In the United States "buddy" is
the ngtfyaletpi, as in "hey buddy, what's
the time?" OtherBritishvariatioos include
"love," "pal" and "dock". Ill

oaihatthamacallh wodfama kD lit =whatyuu

may rail it I potjak to sly iaza?, ten jak nit
tans
It hand I pad ryky
piaceholder phrase I te,mrn -
rusty pro V
1instead of th

irrelevant 11
 A fljjgj
At other times it's not the factyou don't
know the correct wool which is the issue.
If the old amy matter is not functioning as
it should and a word that you use almost
everyday is suddenly ttttnaittg from your
mind, you need a replacementwnnithackts
all scenarios. Here you might ask a friend
if you could use the "thingy", to which
you might hear the reply, "a what?" So
you respond "you know, the whatchama-
caffit?" as in 'what do you call it?' Before
eycnitialltc either through a description
of the object you want to itolrQost or the
miraculous return to your mind of the real
name of what you need gnches you to get
what you want.

John 0. Public
But it's not only htattjttstiw objects that
net mislabelled In many languages there
are various ways to address the general
public orthe mythological gygetggperson
in the street. In the United States many
politicians have used the non-existent "John
Q. Public,' in speeches aimed afltjflbllghfr
hog the needs and desires of the normal
working-classAmiterican.Theonsumsofthe
phrase datehackto 1922, when the Clticugo
Doily News editorial cartoonist Vaughn
Shoemaker first used it in a satirical cartoon.
Yet while John Q. Public is the most
common form used for Mr. Average, some
politicians have also invented their own
versions to fit their campaign aims. During
the 2008 presidential elections, Republican
vice presidential nominee Sarah Palm
famously referred to "Joe Six Pack" while
promoting herself and nannitig maw John
McCain. "It's time that the normal Joe
Six-Pack American is finally represented in
the position of vice presidency, and Ithmnk
that that's kind of taken some people off
guard...but it's motivation for John McCain
and I ro work that much harder to...putgov-
ernment hack on the side of the people of
Joe Six Pack like me." Audio case you are
wondering, the six pack in question isn't
a reference to having u very itinof iorao,
but instead a pack of six beers that might
be drunk by your average person watching
(American) football on TV.
Sarah Polio famously referred to 'Joe Six Pack' while Promoting herself
and running mate John McCain.
Tom, Dick and Harry
In the UK, if a politician tried using
John Q. Public they would immediately
turn off their listeners, as there your
average voter would see it as a hoaltint
Americanism. Brits instead use the phrase
"Joe Bloggs" to talk about the man off the
street. In Australia "Fred Nerks," or just
a lhingy=thlnfumabob I pot. jak no lay
(M r thirigunrabob - lenjak mu tam)
issue I tu:sedno
grey mane! I substancja sears to mirg
to mint I taulecieb
replacement word I sluwo zastnpcoe
to fit oth I pasuwaf do czegot
eventually I ostateczrli€
either—or._ I albn.albt,
to borrow stir to boron! bo:mn linment
I puiyrzairtt
miraculous I cudowny
to enable 5k to do oth I unoeliwiat kormit
z/robixnin czegot
John Q. Public I prtedytny tbynotel,srurok
inanimate I nienbywlory
to got mislabelled I byt niewlatciwie
nazywanym
average I ptzeciqtny
nun-existent I nieislnlejycy
aimed at sth I Qomierotny wcoi, majycy rot
no neil
to highlight nth I pcdkretlat cut
origins j ptchodzenie
cartoonist I rysownik, karykatuezysta
to invent oth I u'rynaleili xryrrrytlf cot
running I treslartulycy w wybnrarh
to take sb cit guard I zaskorzyf kogul
toned I taumiytrtiony
torso I tars
n to turn off sb I znienhQdf kogot
outer I glosajery
blatant I berceelny, racy

Eaglich Mas...ssal2tl6
plain old Fred denotes Mr or Mrs normal.
But while John, Joe and Fred might be
used positively to talk about the aspira-
tions of your normatblue-collarworkerthe
placeholder name "Torn, Dick and Harry'
is often used inamore negative sense. This
phrase means the average person, but in
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fables
it is noted that this term, which was first
found in Victorian times, is particularly
attributed to people unworthy of notice.
For example, when someone is talking to
a friend about keeping some aspect of their
personal life secret they may say "I don't
want every Tom, Dick and Harry knowing
my business!"
This use of three names when talking
about people in general translates into
manylanguages, hutthe names in question
differ from country to country. In Sweden
the surnames Andersson, Pettersson, and
Lnndstrorn are toed, yghilst Italians talk
about Tizio, Cain, and Sempronin. The
three names used in Italy are believed to
be those 0120 Century Romeo politicians
and brothers: lTherio Gracco; Gain Gracco,
and their father Sempronin Gracco.
A Sparrow's Fart
Another way placeholders are used is
with time and numbers. In the rnaiotut of
the UK if someone gets up very early we
often say "I was up at the crack of dawn,"
meaning I got out of bed at the first sign of
sunlight. But in Australia and parts of the
North of England some people say "I was
up at the sparrow's fart." This informal
saying means thatthe moment the sparrow
010 denote eb/sth I oznarzai kogot/cod
bla-collar worker I pracownik lizyczny
attributed to ab/ath I przypisyusoey konst/
unworthV of 5th I niewart tzeget
notice I ariaga
tn differ from flu I I rizrrif sit n/t dot
whilst I ps/teas gt
sparrow I wribel
fart I pierdniycie
majority I wiqkszotf
to getup I astowat
sto peso wind I paszczai wiatry/bqko
first opens its eyes and passes wind, you
also syr4igjap to start your day.
In the American military they use the
phrase "zero-dark-thirty" which denotes
that it is so early in the morning that the
son has yet to rise and it's still dark out-
side. Similarly people often add "O'clock"
In another word when asked the time to
denote some other iitgotthig. For exam-
ple, when one friend asks another "What
time is it?" the friend may reply "Its beet
O'clock." This means that the time of
day is irrelevant, and that the two friends
should just buy a beer. Another one is
"silly O'clock" which means much later
than your normal bedtime. This can be
usedthe day after you had avery late night
nartvinu with friends.
With numbers, if the exact amount is
unknown or constitutes a large amount
we often replace it with a phrase such
as "tons" or "loads" as in "I've seen this
movie loads of times," Similarly the word
"gmeirrn" constitutes an arbitrary big
number which is less than "zillions" but
more than "a-couple few",
Next Time
So next time you don't know aword in
English, don't admit it to the person you're
with, just say something like "whatchama-
rallit, you know the tbingywith the woliit"
and they'll either offer you a possible word,
or think you're tosioavourmaobles. Either
way, you win because you'll be doing
just what native speakers do, and it will
be presume that you have an excellent
commando the language. U
In wake up I budzif sir
meaning I zrarzenle
to party with sb I imprezawat a kited
amount I ilott
to constitute 5th I stanawif cot
loads I rv:rnnhstwo
umpteen I pot ileg torn,ks razy, seth tory)
to adrnitto doing sth I rayrcyonawad sit do
zrobrenia czetnt
B lose one's marbles I oszalef, strand
mzum
to presume that... I zakiodot, it,,
command of 5th I znajomotf czegot
Englien Matson 5812016
Names
text is so complicated that it's impos-
Le to understand or if a writer has
tteo a sentence that makes absolutely
sense you can say that it is "gob-
lumbo Jumbo
its is a phrase that can be applied to
religion or spiritual koiif that you
'rsonal think isn't based on truth. For
ample "Scientology? Isn't that the
nmbo jumbo ottiti that Tom Cruise
o never ever plan to do something,
can say I'll do it "when hell freezes
"hecanse, as you already probably
N, hell is very hot place and so is
noliketv to ever turn to ice.
n-existent place from where we take
which are foolish or impossible to
'yr. "This guy is living in cloud-
no land if he thinks we're going In
in favour of these proposals."
phrase can be used in two different
Firstly it can refer to an inanimate
and, it is used to describe someone
has done or said something idiotic.
gobbledegook 'gobldgruk I 'ga.bldioa:k
I pat belkot
belief I wierrerse
stuff I pal spraary
tote in tooth I byi w mi raungarowanym
when hell freezes over I tdi p,eklo
ip be onlikeig to I byi main
msdopodobnym
d Cuckoo Land I pot. nra planeta
16 erhienesth I nsiygoimoi
In femur of sth I no aect cregot
ditgbat I pot glupek.przyglup
From R [o Z - [he Le[[er D Visualising
the letter 1)
• desk tidy
by Katarzyna Szpotakowska • dodgem car
• doorknob
•deekchair
Delightful D-words • doubting Thomas - someone who
doesn't believe something unku they
and phrases seepmcsf
• go Dutch—if people go Dutch e.g. in a
• due date - the data on which some- Devilish D
restaurant, everyone pays for their own
thing is to hoppers or something most • between the devil and the deep blue
meals drinks etc.; to gift the bill
be finished sea - in a situation in which you have
• in the doldrums; —die situation in which
• the dole - money that the roveentnent choice between two penally bad
acompany or industry is not doing welt,
pays to the unemeloved e.g. John can't solutions
or the activity is not being done well
find a new job. He's been on the dole devil-may-care happy and relaxed,
e.g. The rsnitane mdtartr'v has been in the
for the lost three nnonths. willing take
take risks e.g. lwtshlcould
doldrwns for years.
• drizzle - the rain that is very light Sb= his devil-may-care attitude
• debt collector _a person whosejobisto
make people gaybituilu the money tauaardi life.
they onie
I zachwycajcy • talk/speak of the devil - used when
I posdtk a person you'vejast been talking about
• decaf(infoemal) —d split sth I dzielit
feinaled coffee appena unsenpeetesltv
dexterous - able bill I rschurrtk • better the devil you know (than the
to use their hands mining industry devil you don't)—it's better to deal ,with
I preemysi somebody or something you know
gornirty than somebody or something that is
•diehard - being
to pay beck new or unknown
loyal to particular
ideas and aitgoas
I np/war,
oddawaf
leg change e.g. I'm to owe sth to sb
sure the candidate I bit kamsicsi Can you pronounce
will only get the votes Ifuirym/winnym the D-words?
ofdieha,riConnsensoatio caffeinated • debt = (ding)
efrivitid
• digerali (plural) - pp di krsfrnerttd I bezkofeirowy •diabeten= doahi (enkozyca)
knowledgeable about comput- dexterous dekotron ) zrqczny • dMught =d, a ft (przeciqg)
ers, technology and the Internet skillfully I zrocorne, urn ejgtnio • drought = trfit (susz(
• disposable income—money that is left to nppnse sth I przrciwstaw at sly ezerous • diarrhoea = bo a (biegnnka)
and can be spent after the bills have knowledgeable I znajqcy siq flu rzeczy • dough = (staowe ciasto)
been paid disposable income dfspeozub i di spoozab • deasert= (deser)
AAM I dtchlld nozporzydzalry, dochód
• dog-tired (informal) - very tired • dairy= 'ii (nahiai)
retto
• doggy bag— a small bag that youtoceive • diary = (pamigtnik)
spent I wydony
in a restaurant ja order,lQ pack what is in order tn I aby, baby • debris = )szczqtki, rainy)
left over after the meal (if you want to home economics beam okeromiks I
take the food home.) loom Ia nu.mlku I zajycit a prnwadaerria equally I riwnie
• domestic science (archaic) = home gospodsrstwt dornowego willing to do stir I chytny do z/rableniu
economic -a study of cooking, sessdng sawing I sayce
subsequently I jedro po drug m, pa sebie
etc. (a subject taught at school) to sham sth I dzolit cod
unless I chybaze
• double whammy—a situation in which proof I doubt attitude towards stir I nastawienie wobec
two bud things happen subnooaentiv or t050rnment I rzqd Ct ego I
two haul conditions exist atthe same time the unemployed I bezrobotni to appear) po 0000i siy
unexpectedly I riieuczekwanie
NINE to deal with sb/stir I mitt do rzysiersa
t kimf/:zyrrd
If you want to learn more about the letter 'd', visit English Matteroonfacebook:
facehoolccommematters?nuf=hl&eef_oype=bookmark

Sisplish Mntter.Ot 12016

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ne kontar 181140 2004 0000 3702 4324 6790 Po dokonanlu przelewu prosimy ojak najszybszy kontakt
kod swift (dotyczy przelewdw zagranioznych)r (e-mailem: prenumerata@coIorfuImedIa.pl Iubtelefonlcznle: 615336328)
BRE XPLPWMUL - w przeclwnyrn wypadku do prenumeraty zustanie do4czony paragon.

adres: Colorful Media Koszty wysylki:

UI. Lednicka 23, 60413 Puznar) Przy zomdwieniach ponizej 25,00 zI kOSzt wysylki wy005i 4,20 zi.
Przy zarnowleniach peuryrzej 26,00 zI koszty veysylki pokrywa rrydawca.
 UN1WERSYTET

All S\JVPS

FILOLOGII
Krymina, groza, '=":p- czerpi wprost
e wiadomosci zbej, isujqc to, co nas
fascynuje i przeraza. Pobudzajoj wyobrazniç,
ciekawoá swiata i twórcze myslenie.
tow1agnie te cechy, obok §wietnych kompetencji
jçzykowych, staramy siq wyksztalció u studentáw
kierunków filologicznych na liniwersytecie SWPS.

mgr Pawel Pyrka

Zastqpca dyrektora lostytutu Anghstyki.
Uytwersytet SWPS

www.studia.swps.pl

Najlepsze niepubliczne studia filologiczne w Polsce*

Studia I stopnia:
Filologia angielska
Filologia angielska zjQzykiem chiñskim
Filologia angielska zjQzykiem hiszpañskim
Filologia angielska z jzykiem niemieckim
Filologia angielska z jzykiem wioskim
Skandynawistyka: filologia norweska
Skandynawistyka: filologia szwedzka
Studia Azjatyckie: Chiny i Azja Wschodnia
o Iberystyka
Italianistyka
Pisanie kreatywne
Studia II stopnia:
Filologia angielska
Skandynawistyka: filologia szwedzka
Creative writing
Studia doktoranckie:
W zakresie Iiteraturoznawstwa,
kulturoznawstwa, amerykanistyki
'vg rankings ,Perspsktyw' 2015