Q1. What are the three laws of motion?

1. The first force is called Inertia. Isaac Newton suggested “A body at rest will remain at
rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted an external force.” This
explains that an object cannot accelerate, deaccelerate or turn by itself.
2. The second force is called the law of force and acceleration. Isaac Newton suggested
“The force action on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration.”
The mathematical equation to this suggestion is F=MA. F is force, M is mass, and A is
acceleration. Force and Acceleration in this equation are vector quantities meaning they
have magnitude and direction. A net force is all the forces combined. When a force is
applied to an object when it is not moving the force causes the object to accelerate in the
direction of the force whereas if the object was moving then if the force is applied the
object will either deaccelerate, accelerate, or change direction depending on the direction
of the force.
3. The third law of motion is action and reaction forces. Isaac Newton suggested “For every
action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.” For example, the Earth has a very big
gravitational pull which causes people to stay on the ground but, the ground is pulling in
the opposite direction which allows people to stand on something. Another example is, if
a person was on roller skates and was about to role a bowling bowl, when the person roles
the bowling bow the force is the direction of where the roller skater is going but the
opposite force is pulling the person backwards.

Q2. What are the basic elements of flight?

Sir George Cayley was the first person to discover the basic elements of flight. The basic
elements are thrust, drag, weight, lift. Thrust is what moves the rocket or aeroplane forward.
The weight of the aeroplane affects the speed of the aeroplane needs to take off. To take off
the lift is needed. The wings on an aeroplane are what lift is and if the aeroplane is very
heavy then the wings have to be bigger to provide enough lift and more fuel to provide more
thrust. If the aeroplane is not aerodynamic the aeroplane will have a lot of drag affecting the
speed of the aeroplane and the amount of fuel. This is why aeroplanes are so pointed at the
front and to carry a lot of people there is a lot of weight added so the wings need to be longer
and needs minimum drag.

Q3. Explain the aerodynamics that might affect your rocket?

The aerodynamics that can affect my rocket would be drag. This is because when the rocket
is in motion, the air is going against the rockets surface and that causes the air to produce
friction with the surface of the rocket. This motion is called drag. If more drag is produced,
then the speed of the rocket would be lower and the efficiency of the rocket fuel would be
worse.

Q4. What is Terminal Velocity?

Terminal Velocity is when an object is falling and the speed stabilizes. The gravity pulls any
object by 9.81 meters per second per second. Instantly a little bit of friction will build up per
second but the air cannot move out of the way fast enough which causes the object to slow
down. Once the gravity pulls the object down and when it hits the certain speed there is so
much friction that the gravity and friction equalizes and the speed stabilizes and this is
terminal velocity.

Q5. What is the formula for Kinetic Energy?

The formula for kinetic energy is KE= ½ mv2. When applying this to an equation the kinetic
energy is written in Joules. m= mass, v= meters per second squared.

Q6. List all the components necessary to build a model rocket.

 Launch Lug
 Parachute
 Removable Solid Rocket Engine
 Fins
 Body Tube
 Engine Mount (Fixed)
 Recovery Wadding
 Shock Cord
 Nose Cone Payload (Removable)
 Parachute Lines

Q7. What are the main stages or rocket system for building a rocket?

Q8. What variations of model rockets exist?

6 main different parts for a model rocket.

1. Nose Cone
a. Blunt Cone Good
b. A little Blunt Cone
c. Sharp Cone
d. Curve
e. Blunt rectangle
Poor
2. Body Tube
a. All lengths up to 18 inches
3. Recovery
a. Featherweight Recovery System
b. Streamer Recovery System
c. Parachute Recovery System
d. Glide Recovery
e. Retro Spin Recovery System
4. Launch Lug
a. A normal launch lug
5. Fins
a. Blunt with grains not going parallel to body
b. Curved edges (rounded corners)
c. Tapered trailing edge
6. Engine Mount
a. Different lengths
b. Body tubes sometimes used (to help stability)

Q9. What are the various sizes of black powder engines?

Size I.D. Length
Grams Interior Dimension INCHES
56.7 grams 3/8" 2-3/4"
113.4 grams 1/2" 5"
226.8 grams 5/8" 6-1/4"
454 grams 3/4" 7-1/2"
907.185 grams 7/8" 10"
1360.78 grams 1" 10"
1814.37 grams 1-1/4" 12"
2721.55 grams 1-1/2" 16"

Q10. According to the CASA, what are the regulations exist regarding the use
of model rockets?

Part 101 of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.

101.415................. Applicability of this Subpart........................................... 123

101.420................. Application of State and Territory laws about rockets.... 123
101.425................. Definitions for Subpart................................................... 123
101.430................. Launching rocket in or over prohibited or restricted area 124
101.435................. Launching rockets into controlled airspace..................... 124
101.440................. Launching rockets near aerodromes................................ 124
101.445................. Getting permission for launch of rocket near aerodrome 125
101.450................. High power rockets........................................................ 126
101.455................. Maximum operating height of rockets............................ 126
101.460................. Dropping or discharging of things from rockets............. 127
101.465................. Weather and day limitations—rockets other than model
rockets 127
101.470................. Model rockets................................................................. 127

Q11. a) What is the maximum height model rockets can reach without a permit?
The Rules

 You must not fly your drone higher than 120 metres (400 ft.) above the ground.
 You must not fly your drone over or near an area affecting public safety or where
emergency operations are underway (without prior approval). This could include
situations such as a car crash, police operations, a fire and associated firefighting efforts,
and search and rescue operations.
 You must not fly your drone within 30 metres of people, unless the other person is part of
controlling or navigating the drone.
 You must fly only one drone at a time.
 If your drone weighs more than 100 grams:
 You must keep your drone at least 5.5km away from controlled aerodromes (usually those
with a control tower)
 You may fly within 5.5km of a non-controlled aerodrome or helicopter landing site (HLS)
only if manned aircraft are not operating to or from the aerodrome. If you become aware
of manned aircraft operating to or from the aerodrome/ HLS, you must manoeuvre away
from the aircraft and land as soon as safely possible. This includes:
 not operating your drone within the airfield boundary (*without approval)
 not operating your drone in the approach and departure paths of the aerodrome (*without
approval)
 You must only fly during the day and keep your drone within visual line-of sight.
 This means being able to orientate, navigate and see the aircraft with your own eyes at all
times (rather than through a device; for example, through goggles or on a video screen).
 You must not fly over or above people. This could include festivals, sporting ovals,
populated beaches, parks, busy roads and footpaths.
 You must not operate your drone in a way that creates a hazard to another aircraft, person,
or property
 You must not operate your drone in prohibited or restricted areas.
 Approval is generally linked to an approved model flying association and its members
 Please respect personal privacy. Don’t record or photograph people without their
consent—this may breach state laws.

Important: tips for flying within the law

 There might be local council and/or national park laws prohibiting drone flights in certain
areas.
 Research the area you plan to fly and contact your council or national park if you're
unsure.
 Don't operate near emergency services aircraft – if you fly, they can't.

Q11. b) What size rocket engines do you hypothesise will be used for your
project based on your knowledge from previous questions?

Length of 7.5” black powder engine because it is light weight, and has enough black powder
to launch and get optimal height.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Q1
https://www.livescience.com/46558-laws-of-motion.html
https://www.brightstorm.com/science/physics/newtons-laws-of-motion/law-of-force-and-
acceleration-newtons-second-law-of-motion/
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law

Q2
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/k-4/features/F_Four_Forces_of_Flight.html
https://howthingsfly.si.edu/forces-flight

Q3
https://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov/education/rocket/factord.html
https://prezi.com/01pksorrayuw/how-drag-affects-a-rockets-performance/

Q4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLO4liZQHuE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMFVCd_4YvY

Q5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ns1I8jS2BHg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tryiwu4RhSM

Q6
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/rktparts.html

Q7
https://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov/education/rocket/rockpart.html

Q8
http://www.skylighter.com/fireworks/help/black_powder_rocket_engine_sizes.asp

Q9
http://www.skylighter.com/fireworks/help/black_powder_rocket_engine_sizes.asp

Q10
https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018C00211/Html/Volume_3

Q11.a)
https://www.casa.gov.au/modelaircraft