DPT 312/3

METROLOGY

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

SCHOOL OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

METROLOGY
(DPT 312)

COORDINATE MEASURING
MACHINE (CMM)

GROUP : __________________
DATE OF
: __________________
EXPERIMENT

GROUP MEMBER’S NAME:

1. __________________________________________ Matrix

No.:___________________
2. __________________________________________ Matrix

No.:___________________
3. __________________________________________ Matrix

No.:___________________
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4. __________________________________________ Matrix

No.:___________________
5. __________________________________________ Matrix No.:___________________

6. __________________________________________ Matrix No.:___________________

7. __________________________________________ Matrix No.:___________________

LAB 6: COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE (CMM)

OBJECTIVES

1. To expose student about CMM and basic software and its purposes.
2. To calibrate the probe using master ball.
3. To set the part origin and measure length, circle, angle, sphere, ext.
4. To expose about some GD&T measurement. (Straightness, Flatness,
Roundness, ext.) MARKAH:

INTRODUCTION

1. CMM main unit.

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Figure 1: CMM main unit

Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) are extremely powerful metrological
instruments, its enable to locate point coordinates on three-dimensional structures at
the same time that it integrate both dimensional and the orthogonal relationship.

The basic CMM has three perpendicular axes; x, y and z. Each axis is fitted with a
precision scale, measuring device, or transducer that continually records the
displacement of each carriage a fixed reference. These displacement data are
submitted to an indicator or computer for further processing. The carriage on the third
axis carries a probe. When the probe comes in contact with a point on a part feature, it
reads the displacement for all three axes. The space that contains limits of travel in all
three axes is known as the work envelope.

In Metrology Laboratory UniMAP, we use CMM manual type made by Mitutoyo,

Japan model Crysta-Plus M574. This CMM is a bridge type because this machine has
a moving bridge. The technical specification shown is table below:

Table 1: Specification of Cryta-Plus M574 (Mitutoyo)

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2. Software (Geopak-Win)

The programming of the machine or the software of the system enables a CMM to
reach its full potential for accuracy, precision, and speed.

General purpose program Geopak® is a new 3-D data analysis and CMM
programming module that operates under MCOSMOS.This module includes all
features of the geometric measuring program for CMMs. Its enhanced graphic
displays and the built-in interactivity on screen allow an inexperienced operator to
measure complex parts, while maintaining the flexibility demanded by power users.

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Figure 2: Layout of main window

3. Probe Data Management

Coordinate measuring machines (CMM) probes are transducers that convert physical
measurements into electrical signals by using numerous measuring systems within the
probe structure. CMM probes are a broad category of instruments that use diverse
technologies for direct and comparative measurements. CMM probes are available in
three main designs: touch-trigger or discrete point, displacement measuring or
scanning probes, and proximity or non-contact probes.

Touch-trigger probes or discrete point probes are the most common type of CMM
probe. As their name suggests, they literally touch the surface of the workpiece. Upon
contact, these CMM probes send a signal with the point’s coordinates to the CMM.
The probe is then moved to the next location, where the process is repeated.

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Figure 3: Parts of the probe

(1) Probe Collar
(2) Sensor Mount
(3) Total Length
(4) Swivel Length
(5) Probe Head
(6) Auto-Changer)
(7) Touch Probe / Contact Probe
(8) Stylus Extension
(9) Stylus

Figure 4: Contact Probe

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Figure 5: Various type and seize of stylus

4.0 Probe Calibration

Probe calibration determines the effective working diameter of stylus, which

compensates for probe design. Measurement accuracy depends on careful calibration
of the probe stylus, which compensates for probe stylus. The probe stylus is used to
measure a very accurate sphere to determine the probe tip’s center and radius. When
the probe contacts the workpiece, the coordinates of the tip are mathematically offset
by tip radius. This calculation is performed automatically through the CMM’s
software.
The purpose of calibration is to tell the CMM the size of the stylus you are using and
the location of the center of the stylus in the different rotation angles you may use.
The software subtracts the radius of the stylus from the measurements in a process
called probe compensation.

When creating the Part Coordinate System (PCS), you have to

• Align the plane (ie set Z=0)
• Align the axis (ie set X=0 or Y=0)
• Determine the origin (ie Datum(0,0))

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4. Operation Measurement

In general, operational modes is divided to 4 modes; Manual Mode, Automatic Mode,

Programming Mode and Statistical Analysis Mode. In this CMM manual type, the
recommended mode is manual. Manual modes perform calculation required for single
measurement applications parts. It needs to select the program that needed from a
menu. The CMM obtains the measurement data, and a menu-driven program in the
computer provides the measurement in a form.

Figure 6: CMM Activities

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Figure 7: Group of icon in MCOSMOS Software

PROCEDURES

i. Start the CMM

1. Turn on the air dryer.
2. Turn on the air pressure.
3. Turn on the PC (CMM will automatic turn on) – need to move x, y and z-axis to
verify the PC and machine connection.

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ii. Part Manager Software (MCOSMOS)

1. Open Part Manager Software by double clicking at MCOSMOS icon.

2. Set the directory of file saving by clicking “Change part directory” icon.
3. Create New Part by clicking “clicking new part” icon and give the part name.
4. Click “CMM learn mode” icon to enter the measurement window.

iii.Probe calibration (Manual calibration)

1. Click Probe - Probe Data Management.

2. Select a probe. Click CALIBRATE, a dialog box will appear as shown.

3. Check and ensure that the Master Ball value is correct. The value of the Master
Ball can be found on the physical part.
4. Click “Calibrate”.
5. Set the number of points (eg 5).
6. Click OK, a dialog box will appear as shown.

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7. You have to manually touch the points. You should go round the master ball
(min 4 points or more) and the last point will be at the top of the sphere. And
the probing direction should be perpendicular to the master ball if the stylus is
set at an angle (eg 45 degree) as shown below.

iv. Part Coordinate System

1. Click (Learn Mode)

2. Select probe (That you calibrate before)
3. Click plane element to measure the plane. A dialog box will appear as shown:

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4. Click (align plane), to align the plane (ie set Z=0). A dialog box will
appear as shown

5. Click circle element to measure circle #1. A dialog box will appear as shown

6. Click (create origin), to set origin (0,0). A dialog box will appear as
shown

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7. Select Circle #1 and XY coordinate.

8. Click OK.

v. Basic Element Measurement

1. Point element
Point element is very powerful element; you can use point to construct line,
circle, etc.

2. Line element
Line element is normally used to define an angle or align axis.

3. Circle element
Circle element is use to measure inner/outer diameter.

4. Plane element
Plane element is normally use as a reference plane.

5. Cone element
Cone element is normally used for countersink measurement.

6. Sphere element
Sphere element is use to measure sphere.

7. Cylinder element
Cylinder element is use to measure cylinder.

8. Step Cylinder element

Step Cylinder element is use to measure cylinder with a common axis.

9. Distance
To computer the distance between 2 points, base on their height
To computer the distance between 2 lines, one of the lines must be measure as a
point.
Distance between 2 circles

10. Angle
To computer the angle between 2 lines.
To computer the angle between 2circles
To computer the angle between 2 planes.
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vi. Exercise
No. 1

Set the surface A as a Reference Plane, and created Z=0.000

Circle #1 as Datum Origin ( set X , Y ) = ( 0 , 0 ). Circle #2 is to align as X axis.

1) Measure Circle #3, determine

• Ø =___________________
• Roundness =_____________
• X Position, x1 = ________
• Y Position, y1 = ________

2) Measure Line #4, determine

• Position, R2 = __________
• X Position, x2 = ________
• Y Position, y2 = ________

3) Measure Sphere #5, determine

• Ø =___________________
• Roundness =_____________

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• Height, H3 = ___________
4) Measure Point #6, determine
• Y Position, y4 = ________

5) Measure Point #7, determine

• Height, H5 = ___________

6) Insert the information on the layout result and print the layout and also the result.

No. 2

Set the surface A as a Reference Plane, and created Z=0.000

Intersect Line #1 & #2 to set Datum Origin ( set X , Y ) = ( 0 , 0 ).
Line #1 is to align as X axis.

1) Measure Line #3 & Point #4, determine

• Distance 1 =____________

2) Measure Line #5 & Point #6, determine

• Distance 2 =____________

3) Compute PCD of hole #10, #11 & #12, determine

• Pitch 5 = ______________

4) Compute the angle & distance of Circle #7, #8 & #9, determine
• Distance 3= ____________
• Angle = _______________

5) Insert the information on the layout result and print the layout and also the result.

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REPORT FORMAT
1. Title.
2. Objectives.
3. Procedures and drawing.
4. Results.
5. Discussion and recommendation. (Base on result)
6. Conclusion. (Base on Objective and Discussion)

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