UNIT I – SYSTEM COMPONENT AND THEIR REPRESENTATIONS

1. Consider a simple mass spring friction system as given in the figure K1, K2 are spring
constants f-friction, M-Mass, F-Force, x-Displacement. The transfer function X(s)/F(s) of the
given system will be :

a) 1/(Ms2+fs+K1.K2) b) 1/(Ms 2+fs+K1+K2)

c) 1/(Ms2+fs+K1.K2/K1+K2) d) K2/(Ms 2+fs+K1)

2. Which of the following is an example of an open loop system?

a) Household Refrigerator b) Respiratory system of an animal
c) Stabilization of air pressure entering into the mask
d) Execution of program by computer

3. A tachometer is added to servomechanism because:

a) It is easily adjustable b) It can adjust damping
c) It reduces steady state error d) It converts velocity of the shaft to a
proportional Dc voltage

4. A synchro Transmitter is used with control transformer for:

a) Feedback b) Amplification
c) Error detection d) Remote sensing

5. For a tachometer, if a(t) is the rotor displacement, e(t) is the output voltage and K is the
tachometer constant, then the transfer function is given by:
a) Ks2 b) K/s c) Ks d) K

6. Assertion (A): Servomotors have heavier rotors and lower R/X ratio as compared to ordinary
motors of similar ratings.
Reason (R): Servomotor should have smaller electrical and mechanical time constants for
faster response.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true

7. The output of the feedback control system must be a function of:

a) Reference input b) Reference output
c) Output and feedback signal d) Input and feedback signal

8. The principle of homogeneity and superposition are applied to:

a) Linear time invariant systems b) Nonlinear time invariant systems
c) Linear time variant systems d) Nonlinear time invariant systems
9. In regenerating the feedback, the transfer function is given by
a) C(s)/R(s)=G(s)/1+G(s)H(s) b) C(s)/R(s)=G(s)H(s)/1-G(s)H(s)
c) C(s)/R(s)=G(s)/1+G(s)H(s) d) C(s)/R(s)=G(s)/1-G(s)H(s)

10. For the block diagram given in the following figure, the expression of C/R is:

a) G1G2G3/1-G2G1 b) G1G2/1-G1G2G3
c) G1G2G3/1-G1G2G3 d) G1G2/G3(1-G1G2)

11. The closed loop gain of the system shown in the given figure is :

a) -9/5 b) -6/5 c) 6/5 d) 9/5

12. The advantage of block diagram representation is that it is possible to evaluate the
contribution of each component to the overall performance of the system.
a) True
b) False

13. The overall transfer function from block diagram reduction for cascaded blocks is :
a) Sum of individual gain b) Product of individual gain
c) Difference of individual gain d) Division of individual gain

14. The overall transfer function of two blocks in parallel are :

a) Sum of individual gain b) Product of individual gain
c) Difference of individual gain d) Division of individual gain

15. Transfer function of the system is defined as the ratio of Laplace output to Laplace input
considering initial conditions________
a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) infinite

16. Oscillations in output response is due to :

a) Positive feedback b) Negative feedback
c) No feedback d) None of the mentioned

17. A node having only outgoing branches.

a) Input node b) Output node c) Incoming node d) Outgoing node

18. Signal flow graphs:

a) They apply to linear systems
b) The equation obtained may or may not be in the form of cause or effect
 c) Arrows are not important in the graph
d) They cannot be converted back to block diagram

19. Use mason’s gain formula to calculate the transfer function of given figure:

a) G1/1+G2H
b) G1+G2/1+G1H
c) G2/1+G1H
d) None of the mentioned

20. A signal flow graph is the graphical representation of the relationships between the variables
of set linear algebraic equations.
a) True
b) False

UNIT II – TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS

1. The input signals to control systems are not known fully ahead of time, the characteristics of
control system which suddenly strain a control system are:
 a) Sudden shock b) Sudden change
c) Constant velocity and acceleration d) All of the mentioned
2. Standard test signals in control system are:
a) Impulse signal b) Ramp signal c) Unit step signal d) All of the mentioned
3. The nature of transient response is revealed by ______________
a) Sine wave b) Cos wave c) Tan wave d) Test signals
4. Ramp input :
a) Denotes constant velocity b) Value increases linearly with time
c) It denotes constant velocity and varies linearly with time
d) It varies exponentially with time
5. A perfect impulse has one value at zero time instant but otherwise zero elsewhere.
a) True b) False
6. First order system is defined as :
a) Number of poles at origin b) Order of the differential equation
c) Total number of poles of equation d) Total number of poles and order of
equation
7. The transfer function of the system is G(s) =100/(s+1) (s+100). For a unit step input to the
system the approximate settling time for 2% criterion is:
a) 100 sec b) 4 sec c) 1 sec d) 0.01 sec
8. Laplace transform of unit impulse signal is :
a) A/s b) A c) 1 d) 1/s
9. Time response during steady state the output velocity matches with the input velocity but
lags behind the input by T.
a) True b) False
10. The damping ratio and peak overshoot are measures of:
a) Relative stability b) Speed of response c) Steady state error
d) Absolute stability
11. The forward path transfer function is given by G(s) = 2/s(s+3). Obtain an expression for unit
step response of the system.
a) 1+2e-t+e-2t b) 1+e-t-2e-2t c) 1-e-t+2e-2t d) 1-2e-t+e+2t
12. Consider a system with transfer function G(s) = s+6/Ks2+s+6. Its damping ratio will be 0.5
when the values of k is:
a) 2/6 b) 3 c) 1/6 d) 6
13. For the system 2/s+1, the approximate time taken for a step response to reach 98% of its
final value is:
a) 1s b) 2s c) 4s d) 8s
14. Steady state refers to
a) Error at the steady state b) Error at the transient state
c) Error at both state d) Precision
15. Systems of type higher than 2 are not employed in practice.
a) True b) False
16. The steady state error for a unity feedback system for the input r(t) = Rt^2/2 to the system
G(s) = K(s+2)/s(s3+7s2+12s) is
a) 0 b) 6R/K c) ∞ d) 3R/K
17. Find the velocity error constant of the system given below :

a) 0 b) 2 c) 4 d) ∞
18. Consider a system with transfer function G(s) = s+6/Ks2+s+6. Its damping ratio will be 0.5
when the values of k is:
a) 2/6 b) 3 c) 1/6 d) 6
19. The peak percentage overshoot of the closed loop system is :
a) 5.0% b) 10.0% c) 16.3% d) 1.63%
20. Rise time, Peak time, maximum peak overshoot, settling time, and steady state error are
mutually dependent.
a) True b) False
21. Step signal is the signal whose values is :
a) 1 for all values greater than zero b) Indeterminate at zero
c) It is zero for time less than zero d) All of the mentioned
22. Transient response analysis is done for_________ systems.
a) Unstable b) Stable c) Conditionally stable d) Marginally stable
23. With negative feedback in a closed loop control system, the system sensitivity to parameter
variation:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Becomes zero d) Becomes infinite
24. The system with the open loop transfer function 1/s(1+s) is:
a) Type 2 and order 1 b) Type 1 and order 1
c) Type 0 and order 0 d) Type 1 and order 2
25. A system has a single pole at origin. Its impulse response will be:
a) Constant b) Ramp c) Decaying exponential d) Oscillatory
 UNIT IV – CONCEPT OF STABILITY ANALYSIS
1. A linear time invariant system is stable if :
a) System in excited by the bounded input, the output is also bounded
b) In the absence of input output tends zero
c) Both a and b
d) System in excited by the bounded input, the output is not bounded
2. Bounded input and Bounded output stability notion concerns with :
a) A system under influence of input
b) A system not under influence of input
c) A system under influence of output
d) A system not under influence of output
3. If a system is given unbounded input then the system is:
a) Stable b) Unstable c) Not defined d)
Linear
4. The roots of the transfer function do not have any effect on the stability of the system.
a) True b) False
5. Roots on the imaginary axis makes the system :
a) Stable b) Unstable c) Marginally stable d)
Linear
6. If the roots of the have negative real parts then the response is ____________
a) Stable b) Unstable c) Marginally stable d)
Bounded
7. If root of the characteristic equation has positive real part the system is :
a) Stable b) Unstable c) Marginally stable d)
Linear
8. ___________ is a quantitative measure of how fast the transients die out in the system.
a) Absolutely stable b) Conditionally stable c) Unstable d) Relative
Stability
9. Routh Hurwitz criterion gives:
a) Number of roots in the right half of the s-plane b) Value of the roots
c) Number of roots in the left half of the s-plane
d) Number of roots in the top half of the s-plane
10. Consider the following statement regarding Routh Hurwitz criterion:
a) It gives absolute stability
b) It gives gain and phase margin
c) It gives the number of roots lying in RHS of the s-plane
d) It gives gain, phase margin and number of roots lying in RHS of the s-plane
11. Which of the test signals are best utilized by the stability analysis.
a) Impulse b) Step c) Ramp d) Parabolic
12. The characteristic equation of a system is given as3s4+10s3+5s2+2=0. This system is :
a) Stable b) Marginally stable c) Unstable d) Linear
13. The characteristic equation of a system is given ass3+25s2+10s+50=0. What is the
number of the roots in the right half s-plane and the imaginary axis respectively?
a) 1,1 b) 0,0 c) 2,1 d) 1,2
14. For making an unstable system stable:
a) Gain of the system should be increased b) Gain of the system should be
decreased
 c) The number of zeroes to the loop transfer function should be increased
d) The number of poles to the loop transfer function should be increased
15. Root locus of s(s+2)+K(s+4) =0 is a circle. What are the coordinates of the center of this
circle?
a) -2,0 b) -3,0 c) -4,0 d) -5,0
16. Root locus is used to calculate:
a) Marginal stability b) Absolute stability c) Conditional stability d) Relative
stability
17. While increasing the value of gain K, the system becomes
a) Less stable b) More stable c) Unstable d) Absolute
stable

18. The addition of open loop poles pulls the root locus towards:
a) The right and system becomes unstable
b) Imaginary axis and system becomes marginally stable
c) The left and system becomes unstable
d) The right and system becomes unstable

19. Number of roots of characteristic equation is equal to the number of ______________

a) Branches b) Root c) Stem d) Poles

20. Consider the loop transfer function K(s+6)/(s+3)(s+5) In the root locus diagram the
centroid will be located at:
a) -4 b) -1 c) -2 d) -3

21. When the number of poles is equal to the number of zeroes, how many branches of root
locus tends towards infinity?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) Equal to number of
zeroes

22. Determine the centroid of the root locus for the system having G(s)H(s) = K/(s+1)
(s2+4s+5)
a) -2.1 b) -1.78 c) -1.66 d) -1.06

23. The angles of asymptotes of the root loci of the equation s3+5s2+(K+2)s+K=0 are:
a) 0° and 270° b) 0° and 180° c) 90° and 270° d) 90° and 180°

24. The intersection of asymptotes of root loci of a system with open loop transfer function
G(s)H(s) = K/s(s+1)(s+3) is
a) 1.44 b) 1.33 c) -1.44 d) -1.33
25. The characteristic equation of a control system is given as 1+ K(s+4)/s(s+7)(s2+2s+2)=0.
The real axis intercept for root locus asymptote is:
a) -2.25 b) -1 c) -1.67 d) 0
 UNIT III – FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS

1. For a stable closed loop system, the gain at phase crossover frequency should always be:
a) < 20 Db b) < 6 dB c) > 6 dB d) > 0 dB
2. Which one of the following methods can determine the closed loop system resonance
frequency operation?
a) Root locus method b) Nyquist method c) Bode plot d) M and N circle
3. If the gain of the open loop system is doubled, the gain of the system is :
a) Not affected b) Doubled c) Halved d) One fourth of the
original value
4. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed study of:
a) Closed loop frequency response b) Open loop frequency response
c) Close loop and open loop frequency responses d) None of the mentioned
5. Nichol’s chart:
a) Constant gain and constant phase shift loci of the closed-loop system.
b) Plot of loop gain with the variation in frequency
c) Circles of constant gain for the closed loop transfer function
d) Circles of constant phase shift for the closed loop transfer function
6. Assertion (A): Relative stability of the system reduces due to the presence of transportation
lag.
Reason (R): Transportation lag can be conveniently handled by Bode plot.
 a) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
7. The constant M-circle represented by the equation x^2+2.25x+y^2=-1.25 has the value of M
equal to:
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
8. The constant N loci represented by the equation x^2+x+y^2=0 is for the value of phase angle
equal to:
a) -45° b) 0° c) 45° d) 90°
9. All the constant N-circles in G planes cross the real axis at the fixed points. Which are these
points?
a) -1 and origin b) Origin and +1 c) -0.5 and 0.5 d) -1 and +1
10. Consider the following statements:
Nichol’s chart gives information about.
i. Closed loop frequency response.
ii. The value of the peak magnitude of the closed loop frequency response Mp.
iii. The frequency at which Mp occurs.
Which of the above statements are correct?
a) 2 and 3 b) 1 and 2 c) 1 and 3 d) 1,2 and 3
11. In a bode magnitude plot, which one of the following slopes would be exhibited at high
frequencies by a 4th order all-pole system?
a) -80dB/decade b) -40 dB/decade c) 40 dB/decade d) 80 dB/decade
12. The critical value of gain for a system is 40 and gain margin is 6dB. The system is operating
at a gain of:
a) 20 b) 40 c) 80 d) 120
13. Which one of the following statements is correct? Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed
study analysis of:
a) Closed loop frequency response b) Open loop frequency response
c) Close loop and open loop frequency responses d) None of the above
14. The constant M circle for M=1 is the
a) straight line x=-1/2 b) critical point (-1j0)
c) circle with r= 0.33 d) circle with r=0.67
15. The polar plot of a transfer function passes through the critical point (-1,0). Gain margin is
a) Zero b) -1Db c) 1dB d) Infinity
16. The open loop transfer function of a system is G(s) H(s)= K / (1+s)(1+2s)(1+3s)
The phase cross over frequency ωc is
a) V2 b) 1 c) Zero d) V3
17. If the gain of the open-loop system is doubled, the gain margin
a) Is not affected b) Gets doubled c) Becomes half d) Becomes one-fourth
18. The polar plot of the open loop transfer function of a feedback control system intersects the
real axis at -2. The gain margin of the system is
a) -5Db b) 0dB c) -6dB d) 40dB
19. For the transfer function
G(s) H(s) = 1 / s(s+1) (s+0.5), the phase cross-over frequency is
a) 0.5 rad/sec b) 0.707 rad/sec c) 1.732 rad/sec d) 2 rad/sec
20. The gain margin (in dB) of a system having the loop transfer function
G(s) H(s) = 2 / s(s+1) is
a) 0 b) 3 c) 6 d) 8
21. The gain margin for the system with open loop transfer function
G(s) H(s) = G(s) =2(1+s) / s2 is
a) 8 b) 0 c) 1 d) -8
22. The critical value of gain for the system is 40. The system is operating at a gain of 20. The
gain margin of the system is :
a) 2 Db b) 3 dB c) 6 dB d) 4 dB
23. The gain margin in dBs of a unity feedback control system whose open loop transfer
function, G(s) H(s) =1/s(s+1) is
a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) ∞
24. The loop transfer function of a system is given by G(s) H(s) =10e -Ls/s. The phase crossover
frequency is 5rad/s. The value of the dead time L is
a) π/20 b) π/10 c) -π/20 d) Zero
25. The forward path transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by G(s) = 100/
(s2+10s+100). The frequency response of this system will exhibit the resonance peak at:
a) 10 rad/sec b) 8.66 rad/sec c) 7.07 rad/sec d) 5rad/sec
 UNIT V – CONTROL SYSTEM ANALYSIS USING STATE VARIABLE METHODS

1. The transfer function for the state representation of the continuous time LTI system:
dq(t)/dt=Aq(t)+Bx(t)
Y(t)=Cq(t)+Dx(t)
is given by:
a) C(sI-A)-1B+D b) B(sI-A)-1B+D c) C(sI-A)-1B+A ) D(sI-A)-1B+C
2. System transformation on function H(z) for a discrete time LTI system expressed in state
variable form with zero initial condition
a) C(zI-A)-1B+D b) C(zI-A)-1 c) (zI-A)-1z d) (zI-A)-1
3. State space analysis is applicable for non-linear systems and for multiple input and output
systems.
a) True b) False
4. When human being tries to approach an object, his brain acts as,
a) An error measuring device b) A controller c) An actuator d) An amplifier
5. For two-phase AC servomotor, if the rotor’s resistance and reactance are respectively R and
X, its length and diameter are respectively L and D then,
a) X/R and L/D are both small b) X/R is large but L/D is small
c) X/R is small but L/D is large d) X/R and L/D are both large
6. Error detector:
a) Armature controlled FHP DC motor
b) A pair of synchronous transmitter and control transformer
c) Tach generator d) Amplidyne
7. The transfer function of a LTI system is given as 1/(s+1). What is the steady-state value of
the unit-impulse response?
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) Infinite
8. Consider the function F (s)= 5/s(s2+3s+2), the initial value of f(t) is:
a) 5 b) 5/2 c) 5/3 d) 0
9. An electric motor is developing 10KW at a speed of 900rpm. The torque available at the
shaft is:
a) 106 N-m b) 66 N-m c) 1600 N-m d) 90 N-m
10. The tacho meter has sensitivity of 5V/1000rpm. The gain constant of the tacho meter is:
a) 0.48V/rad/sec b) 0.048V/rad/sec c) 4.8V/rad/sec d) 48V/rad/sec
11. In a closed loop for which the output is the speed of the motor, the output rate control can be
used to:
a) Limit the speed of the motor
b) Limit the torque output of the motor
c) Reduce the damping of the system
d) Limit the acceleration of the motor
12. In servo-system, the device used for derivative feedback is known as:
a) Synchro b) Servomotor c) Potentiometer d) Tacho generator
13. Which of the following is an electromechanical device ?
a) Induction relay b) Thermocouple c) LVDT d) Any of the
mentioned
14. A differentiator is usually not a part of a control system because it
a) Reduces damping b) Reduces the gain margin c) Increases input noise
d) Increases error
15. Which of the following can be measured by LVDT?
a) Displacement b) Velocity c) Acceleration d) All of the
mentioned
16. ___________directly converts temperature into voltage.
a) Thermocouple b) Potentiometer c) Gear train d) LVDT
17. Which of the following is the output of a thermocouple?
a) Alternating current b) Direct current c) A.C. voltage d) D.C.
voltage
18. A system is said to be_____________ if it is possible to transfer the system state from any
initial state to any desired state in finite interval of time.
a) Controllable b) Observable c) Cannot be determined
d) Controllable and observable
19. A system is said to be_________________ if every state can be completely identified by
measurements of the outputs at the finite time interval.
 a) Controllable b) Observable c) Cannot be determined
d) Controllable and observable
20. Kalman’s test is for :
a) Observability b) Controllability c) Optimality d) Observability
and controllability
21. Complex conjugate pair:
a) Center b) Focus point c) Saddle point d) Stable node
22. Pure imaginary pair:
a) Centre b) Focus point c) Saddle point d) Stable node
23. Real and equal but with opposite sign.
a) Center b) Focus point c) Saddle point d) Stable node
24. The input of a controller is
a) Sensed signal b) Error signal c) Desired variable value
d) Signal of fixed amplitude not dependent on desired variable value
25. Derivative output compensation:
a) Improvement in transient response b) Reduction in steady state error
c) Reduction is settling time d) Increase in damping constant