Reinforced Concrete Design

Bending in Beam 1

Floor Framing System

Load Transferred to Beam from Slab

ACI Moment and Shear Coefficients

Location of Reinforcement

Beam Design Requirements

Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Floor Framing System

To transfer vertical loads on the floor to the beams and columns in a
most efficient and economical way
Columns

Layout of Beams and Columns

Joist
- Occupancy requirements
Spandrel
- Commonly used beam size

- Ceiling and services requirements

Stair

Stringer
Floor beam or Girder
 Loading on Beams
Tributary area = Area for which the beam is supporting

One-way Floor System (m =S/L < 0.5)

wS kg/m
C1
B2

S B1 Loading
L
Tributary area
B3
B1 Load from B1
Floor load w kg/m2

B3 Loading

B1 = Secondary Beam
B3 = Primary Beam

If span of B3 is too large, more secondary beam may be used.

Precast Concrete Slab

C1
B2

Floor load = w kg/sq.m

Tributary area = 0.5SL sq.m

B3 S
Load on beam = 0.5wSL kg/m

L
Two-way Slab Span ratio m = S/L

D C Short span (BC):

45o 45o Floor load = w kg/sq.m

S Tributary area = S2/4 sq.m

Load on beam = wS/4 wS/3 kg/m
45o 45o
A B
B C B C
L

Long span (AB):

Floor load = w kg/sq.m
Tributary area = SL/2 - S2/4 = S  2 − m  sq.m
2

4  m 

Load on beam wS  3 − m 2  kg/m

 
3  2 

 
  
50 




%ก*-(
(-)12, 
ก(34 
,'

10.30 . 3 &' 2 ,(.. 2547

 11   ก  
ก !

      1
 !  2-4   %&'
ก(

%
)(
*+,
ก-& ,
./!%ก!,,
ก )&),ก!,* 10
,
91
./ ,ก,ก9&')(
*  8 "
#$
%

&
ก'
' 2&ก
;,(; 4 (
CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS

w w w w

L L L L

SHEAR:

MOMENT:

Methods of Analysis:

- Exact analysis: slope-

slope-deflection, moment distribution
- Approximate analysis: ACI shears and moments coefficients
- Computer: MicroFEAP,
MicroFEAP, Grasp, SUTStructor,
SUTStructor, STAAD.Pro,
STAAD.Pro, SAP2000

ACI Approximated Coefficients for Moments and Shears


 

 
ก
 !"# 


:
1)


 2  
2)
ก 
 
ก


ก 
ก 20%
3) ! "# ก $%
"%
&
'
(ก
4) "# ก)
ก 3 & "# ก!(ก
5) &+&
,ก-. /
# 0


 13.1 


+ , 12& 30%
%45& ACI
(ก) 
ก
1)  ,
- ,

& 2&
ก!)(&! wuln2/11

- ,

& 2&#,&.  2&ก ก!)(&! wuln2/14
2)  3 wuln2/16
() 

1) 


+,!&! &ก&)(&!
3
 ก
- 
2&
 2  wuln2/9
- 
2&

กก 2  wuln2/10
2) 


+,!&!&)(&!
3 &2 < wuln2/11

() 
 (
)

3) 


+,!&!&)(&!(ก #%"#!
- =2 

ก 3.00
. wuln2/12

-  
&
% %
? %&%
& > 8 wuln2/12

4) 


+,!&!3 &)(&!

#,&.  2&ก!)(&!
- 
2&)(&!.  &! wuln2/24

- 
2&)(&!. % wuln2/16

() 
1) 12& &! &ก&)(&!
3 ก 1.15 wuln/2

2) 12& &!&)(&!
&2 < wuln/2
 (a) 
กก

)(&!. %

 &!(Spandrel)
)(&!.  &!

,

& 2&
: 0 1/11

)(&!. %: 1/16 1/14 1/10 1/11 1/16 1/11 1/11

)(&!.  &!: 1/24 1/14

 !"ก#$

)(&! )(&! )(&!

%#ก

%. )(&!
(b) 

,

& 2&
: 0 1/11

)(&!. %: 1/16 1/14 1/9 1/9 1/14 1/16

)(&!.  &!: 1/24 1/14

(c) &' (ก) 3 


1/12 1/14 1/12 1/12 1/16 1/12 1/12

(d) *+,
)-กก 8 ,
)-

1/12 1/14 1/12 1/12 1/16 1/12 1/12

Ex3.1: A two span beam is supported by spandrel beams at the outer edges and by
a column in the center. Dead load (including beam weight) is 1.5 t/m and live load is
3 t/m on both beams. Calculate all critical service-load shear forces and bending
moments for the beams. The torsional resistance of the spandrel beam is not
sufficient to cause restraint of beam ABC at the masonry walls.
Masonry Masonry
Wall
D CL E CL Wall

B’ B’’
6m 6.5 m
A B C
Check conditions (a) Loads are uniformly distributed,
(b) LL/DL = 3/1.5 = 2 < 3,
(c) (L2 – L1)/L1 = (6.5 – 6)/6 = 0.083 < 0.2

Bending Moments MAB = -4.5(6)2/24 = -6.75 t-m, MBA = -4.5(6.25)2/9 = -19.5 t-m,

MCB = -4.5(6.5)2/24 = -7.92 t-m, MBC = -4.5(6.25)2/9 = -19.5 t-m,

MD = 4.5(6)2/11 = 14.7 t-m, ME = 4.5(6.5)2/11 = 17.3 t-m

Masonry Masonry
Wall
D CL E CL Wall

B’ B’’
6m 6.5 m
A B C

Shear Forces
VA = 4.5(6)/2 = 13.5 tons, VB’ = 1.15(4.5)(6)/2 = 15.5 tons,

VC = 4.5(6.5)/2 = 14.6 tons, VB’’ = 1.15(4.5)(6.5)/2 = 16.8 t-m

Reactions
RA = VA = 13.5 tons,

RB = VB’ + VB’’ = 15.5 + 16.8 = 32.3 tons,

RC = VC = 14.6 tons
 Location of Reinforcement
Concrete cracks due to tension, and as a result, reinforcement is required
where flexure, axial loads, or shrinkage effects cause tensile stresses.
stresses.

• Simply supported beam

tensile stresses and cracks are

developed along bottom of the beam

Positive
Moment
BMD

longitudinal reinforcement is placed

closed to the bottom side of the beam

Location of Reinforcement

• Cantilever beam
- Top bars

- Ties and anchorage

to support
 Location of Reinforcement
• Continuous beam

Location of Reinforcement
• Continuous beam with 2 spans
Behavior of Beam under Load
w

L
εc f < f c′
Elastic Bending (Plain Concrete)

εc f < f r = 2.0 f c′

εc f < f c′
Working Stress Condition
C

T = As fs
εs

Brittle failure mode

εcu= 0.003
Crushing C

T = As fs
εs <εy fs < fy

Ductile failure mode

εc < 0.003
C

T = As fs
εs ≥εy fs = fy
Beam Design Requirements

1) Minimum Depth (for deflection control)

oneway
L/20 L/24 L/28 L/10
slab

BEAM L/16 L/18.5 L/21 L/8

2) Temperature Steel (for slab)

SR24: As = 0.0025 bt b
SD30: As = 0.0020 bt t
SD40: As = 0.0018 bt As
fy > 4,000 ksc: As = 0.0018 4,000 bt
fy

3) Minimum Steel (for beam)

As min = 14 / fy As

To ensure that steel not fail before first crack

4) Concrete Covering
stirrup
+กก
+ก

Durability and Fire protection

> 4/3 max. aggregate size

5) Bar Spacing