Reinforced Concrete Design

Shear in Beams 1

Shear Failure

Shear Strength of Concrete Section

Design for Shear (WSD)

Design for Shear (SDM)

Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Shear and Diagonal Tension

A A VQ
Shear stress ν=
It
M
Mc
V Bending stress f =
A A I

f
Shear Flexure Effects
Pure shear at neutral axis:

ν f t (max) = ν ν
ν ν ν
90o ft 45o
45o
ν ν
Web-shear crack

Below neutral axis: Combination of shear stress and tensile stress

ν α max ν ( ft ,ν )
ft (max)
ν 2α max
ft ft ft f
ν ν f t (max)t

ν ν ( 0, −ν )

Principal stress:
ft (max) ft (max) > fr
2 ft (min)
f f 
ft (max) = t ±  t  +ν 2
2 2 Crack
direction

Typical cracking due to principal tension

Shear Flexure
crack

Shear crack
Flexure crack
Shear Stresses
b
shear stress
distribution
V Qmax approximate V
ν max = ν=
bI bd

Shear Capacity Mechanism

carried by
Vc compression (shear)
Vc = concrete
carried by resistance
Va friction aggregate
interlocking
Vs
carried by Vs = (shear) steel
dowel action resistance

Total resistance = Concrete + Steel resistance

Shear Strength of Concrete

Vc
Shear strength: vc =
bw d

from experiment vc = 0.50 f c′ + 176 ρ w Vu d ≤ 0.93 f c′ kg/cm 2

Mu
vc
Vu d
≤ 1.0
Mu
0.93 f c′

Vu d As
vc = 0.50 f c′ + 176 ρ w ρw =
Mu bw d

ρ wVu d / M u

Design for Shear (WSD)

Shear strength of concrete

 ρV d 
Vc =  0.265 f c′ + 91.4  b d ≤ 0.464 fc′ b d
 M 

Simple formula: Vc = 0.29 f c′ b d

Shear strength from concrete & steel: V = Vc + Vs

Required shear strength from steel: Vs = V − Vc

Shear Strength Provided by Stirrup

Av = 2As

s s s Number of stirrup n=d/s

d
Shear strength provided by stirrup

Av f s d
Vs = Av f s n =
d s

Shear Design Requirements WSD

Max. shear strength: Vmax = 1.32 f c′ b d

Max. stirrup spacing: smax ≤ d / 2 ≤ 60 cm

If V > 0.795 f c′ b d → smax ≤ d / 4 ≤ 30 cm

Minimum stirrup: min A v = 0.0015 b s

Av
or smax =
0.0015 b

ก ก
 ก  
 WSD

Step 1

  V ก d ก 
Step 2
ก
 
ก Vc = 0.29 fc′ b d

 V < Vc ! "
ก#ก

 #กก" ก
→ $%
&ก' ก !(" #ก!)
→ *
Step 3
ก
 #ก! Vmax = 1.32 fc′ b d

 V > Vmax ! "#*+#"

, , →
,#*
Step 4
ก
   กก
&ก' ก Vs = V − Vc
A v fv d
"
&ก' ก s =
Vs

Av WSD
Step 5 "
&ก' ก#ก! smax =
0.0015 b
 V ≤ 0.795 fc′ b d → smax = d/2 ≤ 60 cm

 0.795 fc′ b d < V ≤ 1.32 fc′ b d → smax = d/4 ≤ 30 cm

single closed loop stirrup has 2 legs

(' ก
#! *)
Av = 2 As : ,- 
&ก' ก$
 

fv : "  #$*

&ก' ก
SR24 : fv = 1,200 ksc
SD30 : fv = 1,500 ksc
SD40 : fv = 1,700 ksc
Example 1 : Shear design by WSD

b = 30 cm, d = 45 cm Vc = 0.29 fc′ b d

f’c = 240 ksc, fy = 4,000 ksc = 0.29 240 × 30 × 45 / 1,000

@ critical section V = 15 ton = 6.07 ton

Vmax = 1.32 fc′ b d = 27.61 ton Vs = V − Vc

0.795 fc′ b d = 16.63 ton = 15 − 6.07 = 8.93 ton

A v fv d 1.57 × 1.7 × 45
s = = = 13.45 cm
Vs 8.93

 ก V ≤ 0.795 fc′ b d → smax = 45/2 = 22.5 cm ≤ 60 cm

Av 1.57
smax = = = 34.9 cm USE Stirrup DB10 @ 13 cm
0.0015 b 0.0015 × 30

Design for Shear (SDM) SDM

กก  :
 ρV d 
Vc =  0.50 f c′ + 176 u  b d ≤ 0.93 f c′ b d
 Mu 

Simple formula: Vc = 0.53 f c′ b d

Shear strength with axial load:

 N 
Compression: Vc = 0.53 1 + 0.0071 u  f c′ bw d kg
 Ag
 

 N 
Tension: Vc = 0.53 1 + 0.0029 u  f c′ bw d kg
 Ag
 
Design for Shear (SDM) SDM

ก
 *

!#
&ก
  : Vn = Vc + Vs

ก$#ก
  : Vn ≥ Vu / φ , φ = 0.85 for shear
s s
' ก$
  : n=d/s
d
ก
 ก
&ก' ก :
A v fy d
d Vs = A v fy n =
Av = 2 As s

$ก ก ก

 
&ก' ก ก : Vs = Vu / φ - Vc
A v fy d
"
&ก' ก : s =
Vs

ACI318: 11.4.6 – Minimum Shear Reinforcement SDM

11.4.6.1 – A minimum area of shear reinforcement, Av,min, shall be provided

in all reinforced concrete flexural members where Vu ≥ 0.5 φ Vc, except in
members:

• Footings and solid slabs b

• Concrete joist construction h

• Beams with h ≤ 25 cm

• Beam integral with slabs with h ≤ 60 cm and

- h ≤ 2.5 tf
tf
- h ≤ 1/2 bw h

bw
ACI318: 11.4.6 – Minimum Shear Reinforcement SDM

11.4.6.3 – Where shear reinforcement is required, Av,min shall be computed

by
bs
A v,min = 0.2 fc′
fy

but shall not be less than 3.5bs/fy

#! fc′ < 306 ksc

A v fy A v fy
  กกก! smax = ≤
0.2 fc′ b 3 .5 b

• Vs ≤ 1.1 fc′ b d smax = d/2 ≤ 60 cm

• 1.1 fc′ b d < Vs ≤ 2.1 fc′ b d smax = d/4 ≤ 30 cm

• Vs > 2.1 fc′ b d  "!

#$"#ก ก

ACI 11.1.3.1 – For nonprestressed members, sections located less than a distance
d from face of support shall be permitted to be designed for Vu computed at a
distance d.

(ก) กกกก
 $

d d

d d

(*) /0#
 !ก ก
 "!%ก& ก
ก 
d d

ก
Vu Vu Vu

(ก) ก () -


ก
Vu
Vu
d

ก
() "#$%#กก&"
()  !
'()ก"#$

ก ก
 ก  
 SDM

Step 1

  Vu ก d ก 
ก
  ก Vn = Vu / φ

Step 2
ก
 
ก Vc = 0.53 fc′ b d

 Vn < Vc ! "
ก#ก

 #กก" ก
→ $%
&ก' ก !(" #ก!)
→ *
Step 3
ก
   กก
&ก' ก Vs = V − Vc

Step 4
ก
 #ก! Vs, max = 2.1 fc′ b d

 Vs > Vs, max ! "#*+#"

, , →
,#*
 A v fy d
Step 5 "
&ก' ก ก s =
Vs

A v fy A v fy
Step 6 "
&ก' ก#ก! smax = ≤
0.2 fc′ b 3.5 b

 Vs ≤ 1.1 fc′ b d → smax = d/2 ≤ 60 cm

 1.1 fc′ b d < Vs ≤ 2.1 fc′ b d → smax = d/4 ≤ 30 cm

single closed loop stirrup has 2 legs

(' ก
#! *)
Av = 2 As : ,- 
&ก' ก$
 

Variation of Shear Capacity

wu

d critical section
wuL/2

φ Vn

φ Vc φ Vc/2

Support Mid span

% 6.1 ก
&ก' ก
 $
%"
 กก
ก
fc′ = 280 ksc $%
&ก' ก DB10 ก
&ก
!# fy = 4,000 ksc

PL = 5 tons PL = 5 tons

d = 53 cm
PD = 2 tons PD = 2 tons
wL = 3 t/m
A wD = 2 t/m

A
40 cm
2.5 m 4.0 m 2.5 m Section A-A

1. %*
 
wu = 1.4(2) + 1.7(3) = 7.9 t/m

Pu = 1.4(2) + 1.7(5) = 11.3 ton

! /0#
  Vu :

46.85 ton Vu wu = 7.9 t/m

27.1 ton
d = 53 cm 15.8 ton
4m 2.5 m

2.5 m -15.8 ton

-27.1 ton

!##
#ก
! 30 1#. -46.85 ton

Vu/φ  d = (46.85 – 7.9(0.15+0.53))/0.85 = 48.80 ton

2. %*กก 
Vc = 0.53 fc′ b d = 0.53 280 × 40 × 53 /1,000 = 18.80 ton

3. %*ก"ก -ก กก

Vs = Vn – Vc = 48.80 – 18.80 = 30.00 ton
4. %*ก Vs ก! % "!
!// 0?
Vs,max = 2.1 fc′ b d = 2.1 280 × 40 × 53 /1,000 = 74.50 ton

[ Vs = 30.00 ton ] < Vs, max "!
!//

1.1 fc′ b d = 1.1 280 × 40 × 53 /1,000 = 39.02 ton > Vs

smax = d/2 = 53/2 = 26.5 cm < 60 cm

5. %*   กก"ก

 $%
&ก' ก DB10 ' ก'3(! *) Av = 2(0.785) = 1.57 cm2

A v fy d 1.57 × 4.0 × 53
s = = = 11 cm
Vs 30.00

!#$" DB10 @ 0.11 .   d -ก3%-!  

6. ก
 กกก$% 27.1 ton
15.8 ton
4m
Vu/φ = 15.8/0.85 = 18.6 ton

Vu/φ < [ Vc = 18.8 ton ] Use min. stirrup -15.8 ton

-27.1 ton
A v fy 1.57 × 4,000
smax = = = 45 cm
3.5b 3.5 × 40

d/2 = 53/2 = 26.5 cm < 60 cm !#$" DB10 @ 0.25 . ก$%

DB10@0.11m DB10@0.25m DB10@0.11m

2.5 m 3.7 m 2.5 m