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Theory: -
Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular system
standard that was developed to solve the fragmentation problems of the first cellular systems
in Europe. The GSM system architecture consists of three major interconnected subsystems.
The subsystems are the Base Station Subsystem (BSS), Network and Switching Subsystem
(NSS), and the Operation Support Subsystem (OSS).
1. Base Band Unit (BBU): - A unit that processes baseband in telecomm systems. A
typical wireless telecom station consists of the baseband processing unit and the RF
processing unit (remote radio unit - RRU). The baseband unit is placed in the
equipment room and connected with RRU via optical fiber. The BBU is responsible
for communication through the physical interface. A BBU has the following
characteristics: modular design, small size, low power consumption and can be easily
deployed.
Modules of BBU
4. GSM Transmission and Management Unit (GTMU): - It controls and manages the
entire BTS. It provides interface related to the reference clock, power supply, OM and
external alarm collection. It supports fault management, configuration management,
performance management and security management. It provides port for terminal
maintenance and clock input for testing.