SECOND PERIODICAL EXAM

SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) REVIEWER

I. ECOLOGY

Abiotic vs Biotic Factors

1. What is an abiotic factor? ____________________________________________

2. What is a biotic factor? _____________________________________________

 Whale  Clouds
 Nitrogen
 Clock  Corpse
 Pipe
 Water  Snail
 Cotton Fabric
 Fish  Steak
 Wool
 Paper  Pork Chops
 Gold
 Glass  Salad
 Plastic
 Aluminum  Bread
 Grapes
 Wooden Ruler  Gumamela
 Air
 Sand  Mouse

Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors

1. What travels through a food chain or web?

2. What is the ultimate energy for all life on Earth?

3. Food chains start with -
4. The 1st organism in a food chain must always
be what type of organism?
5. Name 2 food making processes.

6. Where do chemosynthetic bacteria get their

energy?
7. Define herbivore.

8. Herbivores are also called -

9. What are animals called that feed on
herbivores?
10. Secondary consumers are eaten by larger -

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 11. What eats secondary consumers?
12. Make a food chain with a producer and 3
consumers.

Sample Food Web

Sample Energy Pyramid

The arrows in a food chain show the flow of energy, from the sun or hydrothermal vent to a top predator. As the energy
flows from organism to organism, energy is lost at each step. A network of many food chains is called a food web.

Trophic Levels:
The trophic level of an organism is the position it holds in a food chain.

1. Primary producers (organisms that make their own food from sunlight and/or chemical energy from deep sea
vents) are the base of every food chain - these organisms are called autotrophs.
2. Primary consumers are animals that eat primary producers; they are also called herbivores (plant-eaters).

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 3. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. They are carnivores (meat-eaters) and omnivores (animals that
eat both animals and plants).
4. Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers.
5. Quaternary consumers eat tertiary consumers.
6. Food chains "end" with top predators, animals that have little or no natural enemies.

When any organism dies, it is eventually eaten by detrivores (like vultures, worms and crabs) and broken down
by decomposers (mostly bacteria and fungi), and the exchange of energy continues. Some organisms' position in the food
chain can vary as their diet differs. For example, when a bear eats berries, the bear is functioning as a primary consumer.
When a bear eats a plant-eating rodent, the bear is functioning as a secondary consumer. When the bear eats salmon,
the bear is functioning as a tertiary consumer (this is because salmon is a secondary consumer, since salmon eat herring
that eat zooplankton that eat phytoplankton, that make their own energy from sunlight). Think about how people's place in
the food chain varies - often within a single meal!

1. What is used to indicate the flow of energy in a food

chain or web?

2. What happens to energy as we move from step to

step in a chain or web?

3. Define food web.

4. What is meant by trophic level?

5. Define autotroph

6. The 1st trophic level consists of _______________

consumers called _________________.

7. Name the second trophic level.

8. Secondary consumers may be _______________

eating meat or _______________ that eat both plants
and animals.

9. What organism feeds on dead plants and animals

and helps recycle them?

10. Both ________ and ________ act as decomposers.

Numbers of Organisms:
In any food web, energy is lost each time one organism eats another. Because of this, there have to be many
more plants than there are plant-eaters. There are more autotrophs than heterotrophs, and more plant-eaters than meat-
eaters. Each level has about 10% less energy available to it because some of the energy is lost as heat at each level.
Although there is intense competition between animals, there is also interdependence. When one species goes extinct, it
can affect an entire chain of other species and have unpredictable consequences.

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Answer each of the following questions below.

1. Which of the following symbiotic relationships is considered parasitic?

A. Tapeworm in an intestinal tract
B. Bees transporting pollen from flowers
C. Pilotfish swimming under sharks
D. Birds eating the insects from the back of a hippopotamus

2. Ants and acacia trees have a mutualistic relationship because

A. They both benefit from living with each other.
B. They are part of the same ecosystem.
C. They are both adapted to a humid climate.
D. The ants eat part of the acacia tree.

3. Male bull sea lions fighting for beach master dominance and the first pick of female cows during mating season is an
example of which symbiotic relationship?
A. Competition
B. Mutualism
C. Predation
D. Decomposition

4. What does symbiosis mean?

A. living separately, no relationship between two species
B. together, close relationship between two species
C. living in a community with no interaction between each other
D. living together in fear of each other

5. What type of relationship is commensalism?

A. One species benefits and the other is not affected at all.
B. Both species involved benefit from the relationship.
C. One species benefits and the other is harmed.
D. Competing for the same food source

6. A remora hitching a ride on a shark is an example of which symbiotic relationship?

A. Predator/prey
B. Mutualism
C. Parasitism
D. Commensalism

II. CYTOLOGY

Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right column that matches the
structure/function in the left column. A cell part may be used more than once.

Structure/Function Cell Part

Stores material within the cell

Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only)

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The sites of protein synthesis

Transports materials within the cell

The region inside the cell except for the nucleus

Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants
their green color

Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum

Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products

Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria
and some protests

Produces a usable form of energy for the cell

Packages proteins for transport out of the cell

Everything inside the cell including the nucleus

Site where ribosomes are made

The membrane surrounding the cell

Provides support for the cell, has two “subparts”

Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell

Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things

Composed of a phospholipid bilayer

Longer whip-like structures used for movement

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Put a check in the appropriate column(s) to indicate whether the following organelles are found in plant cells, animal cells
or both.

Plant Animal
Organelle
Cells Cells
Cell Wall

Vesicle

Chloroplast

Chromatin
Cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Lysosome
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Nucleus

Plasma membrane

Central vacuole

Ribosome

Vacuole

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 The labels represent:

A: ___________________________

B: ___________________________

C: ___________________________

D: ___________________________

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them “cells”?
A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B. Robert Hooke
C. Matthias Schleiden
D. Rudolf Virchow

2. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

A. Cells are the basic units of life.
B. All living things are made of cells.
C. Very few cells are able to reproduce.
D. All cells are produced from existing cells.

3. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?
A. The cell lacks cytoplasm.
B. The cell lacks a cell membrane.
C. The cell lacks a nucleus.
D. The cell lacks genetic material.

4. Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?

A. prokaryotes
B. bacteria
C. eukaryotes
D. viruses

5. Not all cells are alike. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about differences between cells?
A. Cells come in many different shapes.
B. Different kinds of cells are different sizes.
C. Some cells have a nucleus, but others do not.
D. Most cells have a membrane, but some do not.

6. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
A. mitochondrion
B. ribosome
C. chloroplast
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

7. The primary function of the cell wall is to -

A. support and protect the cell.
B. store DNA.
C. direct the activities of the cell.
D. help the cell move.

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____24. W8. 8. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?
A. mitochondrion
B. cell membrane
C. chloroplast
D. channel protein

____ 25. 9 Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

A. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods
B. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
C. keeps the cell wall in place
D. regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell

III. HUMAN ANATOMY

1. List the organizational system of organisms from cells to organisms

________________________________________________________________________
2. Define: Bone, Ligament, Tendon, and Cartilage
a. Bone – __________________________________________________________
b. Ligament – _______________________________________________________
c. Tendon – ________________________________________________________
d. Cartilage - _______________________________________________________
3. Identify the 5 main functions of the skeletal system.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Differentiate between an immovable and movable joint.
a. Movable joint - ____________________________________________________
b. Immovable joint - __________________________________________________
5. Identify an example of an immovable joint. ____________
6. Identify the 4 main types of movable joints, describe the action of each, and list an example of each joint.
a. Hinge – ____________________________– _________
b. Ball and Socket – _________________________ – ____________
c. Pivot – _______________________________ – ____________
d. Gliding Joint – ________________ - _____________

7. List at least 4 characteristics of the muscular system.

________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

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8. Differentiate between a voluntary and involuntary muscle movement.
a. Voluntary muscles _________________________________
b. Involuntary muscles ________________________________
9. Identify the muscle movement for each of the types of muscle.
 Skeletal – _______________
 Smooth - ________________
 Cardiac - ________________
10. What muscles tire easily? ______________

11. What muscles have a quick reaction? __________________

12. Why do skeletal muscles work in pairs?______________________________________

13. How does the skin protect the body from disease?______________________________
14. In which layer of the skin would you find nerves and blood vessels? _________________
15. What is the function of melanin (skin pigment)? ________________________________
16. How does the skin help regulate body temperature? ____________________________
17. Dairy products are good for your bones because they contain the mineral _ _________ which helps prevent
osteoporosis.
19. Another name for the cranium is the _______________.
20. A baby’s skeleton is made of mostly ___________________.

_____ 21. Skeletal muscles are -

A. Involuntary
B. Voluntary

____22. Your stomach muscle is -

A. Involuntary
B. Voluntary

____23. How do muscles work together?

A. Stretch and pull
B. Up and down
C. Contraction and relaxation
D. Right and left

_____24. The heart is made of what type of muscle fiber?

A. Cardiac
B. Smooth
C. Useful
D. Skeletal

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