Assignment no :01

Module code : ET1001

Module Title : Introduction to ICT
Name of the lecturer : DR: Tharaka Samarasinghe
Date of submission :05.05.2015

ICT In Transportation

Name: Kavish Malala Ginnaliya

Index no: 150455

 Introduction
The transportation is movement of objects. Transportation is usually classified by
the medium in which the movement occurs, such as by land, air, water, or
pipeline. Within each of the first three media, many different methods are used to
move people and goods from place to place. TKBBBhroughout history, the
economic wealth and military power of a people or a nation have been closely
tied to efficient methods of transportation. Transportation provides access to
natural resources and promotes trade, allowing a nation to collect wealth and
power. Transportation industry had a great effect on the people and development
of the city. Transportation makes human life easy in many fields like
transportation brings the opportunity to know the world and around the world. It
saves time and makes human life faster moving. Reliable transportation allows a
population to expand throughout a country and to live comfortably in remote
areas far from factories and farms. Transportation is vital to a nation's economy.
Reducing the costs of transporting natural resources to production sites and
moving finished goods to markets is one of the key factors in economic
competition. The transportation industry is the largest and rapidly moving fast
industry in the world. It includes the manufacture and distribution of vehicles, the
production and distribution of fuel, and the provision of transportation services.
Land transportation is the main form of transportation in the world. The most
common forms of land transportation combine the wheel with electric or fuel-
powered engines to move people and freight quickly and efficiently and Railroads
are paths of parallel metal rails that allow a wheeled vehicle to move more easily
by reducing friction. Iron rails were first used in the early 1800s. Air travel has
revolutionized global transportation by best reducing the time needed to travel
great distances. Many aeronautical advances in technology, such as the jet
engine, were used by military engineers and designers. Advances in technology
produced faster, larger, and more durable airplanes. It is the fastest and quickest
means of transport.

 History
In ancient, People also used domestic animals as a means of land
transportation, both for riding and for pulling wheeled wagons or carts. wagons
made of wood and iron, and pulled by a teams of horses or oxen. Sails were
used for goods shipping and immigrating to country to country. James Watt, a
Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer who was invented steam engine of
powering a wheel, it was a millstone of engine powered rail system.
 ICT Involvement Of Transport Industry
Transport is moving fast industry in the world.That is really accompanying with
ICT. Highly intelligent applications in traffic management and control
systems,Tracking systems,GPS systems are included software activities on ICT.
And automotive is the major functioning matter in transportation industry and ICT
is the main aid of automotive production. Because this is accompanied by
globalization, increasing competition and changing markets, which manufacturing
companies need to cope with ICT. Technology plays a major role in
manufacturing these days. Advanced automation and ICT supports
manufacturing companies in there strive for increased efficiency and quality
optimization. Such ICT innovations are implemented in the transport industry, and
accordingly have a much smaller scope than the abovementioned extensibility
and often have a more local impact, sustainability is a major, but not the only
purpose. It is now increasingly recognized that the links between ICT use and
transport are inherently complex and far from a simple substitution model, and
that this use may increase as well as decrease sustainability of transport both for
passengers and freight.

ICT should be apparent that in order for the transport system to become
sustainable all that is necessary is for society to decrease the amount of
transport they consume. ICT can decrease fuel use by increasing the efficiency of
the movement that take place. This benefit can be accomplished through
improved signalization. Such signalization can be phased in some areas and
demand responsive in other areas, but the objective is to decrease the amount of
vehicle standing time while the motor is running. Under the former the traffic
signals are set so that signals in a series will change at a set frequency so that
the vehicle does not have to stop. In the latter case the signals will change in
response to a vehicle approaching a sensor in the roadways. Signalization both
phase and demand responsive are widely applied. In a more advanced mode,
signalization forms part of Vehicle Guiding Systems aimed at the creation of
continuous flow at certain sections of roads without stops. Geographic positioning
systems (GPS) in link with geographic information systems (GIS) offer the
possibility of decreasing the amount of time spent on search behavior by
motorists. Who is willing to input one’s origin and destination to the system, the
shortest route is suggest. In an alternative mode, an increasing number of motor
vehicle will undertake the way finding for you and minimize unnecessary travel
Nowadays new technology features are simply loaded in road vehicles. Bluetooth
phone configuration, exterior camera systems, parking sensors, electronic
parking assistance, key less entry, etc;
this technology make easy to handle vehicle and road safety. ICT in relation to
air transport, relates and day-to-day operations. ticket sales, route tasks, security
authorities and data system of airport everything handle through ICT.

Transport is important because it enables trade between persons, which is

essential for the development of civilizations. And that industry mainly effect to
environment system. The components greenhouse gas emissions that lead to
global warming, emissions leading to air pollution with its negative impacts on
human health, the large number of fatalities and injuries, diminishing petroleum
reserves, and congestion, are generally accepted by most scholars working in
this area. They are the factors that will prevent future generations from carrying
out transport in the same manner that the current population does, and in effect,
this is what leads to non-sustainability.Before examining the various ICT impacts
on problems of non-sustainable transport it is appropriate to state what may be a
very obvious relationship. It is that all of the major externalities related to non-
sustainability are a function of or are influenced by the volume of traffic. This is
true of the criteria pollutants such as carbon monoxide traveled in a country, the
greater the level of total greenhouse gas emissions .as a result of in this case
automotive manufactures have powered up energy efficiency and environment
friendly internal combustion engines to market and they have introduced their
technology to people to comprehend what the benefits are. Such as Synergy
drive, BlueEfficiency, SkyActiv.

 Future Developments

Application of ICT is influence to Automated and Intelligent transport systems. but

it should be referd to safety, efficiency, speed and reliability of movements. such
as automated highway systems. Short for magnetic levitation which technology of
high-speed train networks keep speed transportation. congestion is a function of
the interaction vehicles have with each other due to speed flow relationships
when volumes approach capacity. congestion is not only affect in road vehicles
but also ships arriving at a port, or aircraft landing at an airport. There is a need
to control the spacing of these in a geographic or temporal sense.that
observations are cannot drive through except ICT. Future transportation should
trend to minimize travels. e-business, e-shopping, e-conference, e-jobs and Tele
working systems will have to set up.