TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION WITH HALL GENERATOR-TI-H

In addition to the breaker-triggered transistorized ignition system (TI-B), there are two other versions of transis-
torlzed ignition with Hall triggering sys- tem (TI-H).
On one version, the dwell angle is deter- mined by the shape of the rotor in the ig- nition distributor. The other
version con- tains a control unit incorporating hybrid circuitry and which automatically reg- ulates the dwell angle.
An additional cur- rent limiter with a highly efficient ignition coil make this version a particularly high-
performance ignition system.

Hall effect

If electrons move in a conductor to which the lines of force of a magnetic field are applied, the electrons are de-
flected perpendicularly to the current di- rection and perpendicularly to the direc- tion of the magnetic field: an
excess of electrons occurs at A1 and a deficiency of electrons occurs at A2, i.e. the Hall voltage occurs across A1
and A2. This so-called Hall effect is particularly prominent in the case of semiconduc- tors.
Hall generator

When the ignition-distributor shaft turns, the vanes of the rotor move through the air gap of the magnetic barrier
without touching it. When the air gap is unob- structed the incorporated IC and the Hall layer are subjected to the
mag netic field . At the Hall layer, the magnetic flux den- sity B is high and the Hall voltage UH is maximum. The
Hall IC is activated. As soon as one of the rotor vanes enters the air gap, most of the magnetic flux runs through the
vane area and is thus largely prevented from reaching the Hall layer. The flux density at the Hall layer is reduced to
a virtually negligible level, resulting from the leakage field. Voltage UH is at minimum.
The Hall generator is accommodated in the ignition distributor. The magnetic barrier is mounted on the movable
carrying plate. The HalllC is located on a ceramic substrate and is potted in plastic together with one of the conduc-
tive elements in order to protect it against moisture, dirt and mechanical damage. The conductive elements and
trigger wheel are of a soft magnetic material. The trigger wheel and dis- tributor rotor comprise one component on
the retrofit-equipment version. The
number of vanes is equal to the number of cylinders. The width w (Fig. 22) of the individual vanes may determine
the maximum dwell angle of the ignition system, dependent upon the ignition trigger box. The dwell angle conse-
quently remains constant throughout the entire service life of the Hall generator; thus, there is no need for setting
the dwell angle. The mode of operation and design of the Hall generator permit the ignition system to be set with
the engine switched off pro- viding peak-coil-current cut-off is in- corporated.
If the technical prerequisites are fulfil- led, and the installation instructions are observed precisely, it is an easy
matter to convert from conventional ignition to breakerless ignition. Bosch service stations will be able to provide
you with further information.

Current regulation and dwell- angle closed-loop control

High-performance ignition systems operate with ignition coils which are charged very rapidly. For this purpose, the
ohmic resistance of the primary winding is reduced to less than 1 Ohm. The information content of the signal of a
Hall vane switch in the ignition dis- tributor corresponds to the signal of an ignition contact breaker. In one case, the
dwell angle is determined by the dis- tributor cam and, in the other, the pulse duty factor is determined by the rotor
vane. A rapidly chargeable ignition coil cannot operate with a fixed dwell angle. This is why two measures must
betaken to protect the ignition coil: a primary- current regulation system and a dwell- angle closed-loop control
system.

Current-regulation function The primary-current regulation system serves to limit the current through the
ig- nition coil and, thus, to limit the build-up of energy to a specific amount. A certain lead time is required in
ordertocopewith the dynamic conditions applicable when the engine accelerates. This means that the ignition
coil should reach its nominal value before the ignition point. During this current regulation phase, the
ignition transistor operates in its active range. More voltage than in pure switch mode
dropsacrossthetransistor. This meansa high power loss which may lie between 20 and 30 W. In order to
minimize the power loss and in order to set the appro- priate dwell angle, a dwell-angle closed- loop control
system is required (which is
actually a dwell-period closed-loop con-
trol system since the coil is charged as a ( function of time). t
t Function of the closed-loop r dwell-angle control system E Since control processes in analog sys- t terns are
carried out simply by shifting ( voltage threshold values, the square- t wave signal of the Hall generator is first
( converted to a ramp signal by charging f and discharging capacitors. The pulse duty factor of the Hall generator is
30 : 70 between two ignition points.
The ignition point determined byadjust- ment of the ignition distributor lies at the end of the vane width
corresponding to 70% (Fig. 22 and 23). The closed-loop control system is set such that the cur- rent control time (1
corresponds pre- cisely to the required dynamic lead. A l voltage is formed on the basis of value ( (1 and is
compared with the trailing ( ramp of the ramp voltage. The primary r current is switched on at the intersec- tion
point" ON" and the dwell angle \ starts. In this way, the switch-on point t of the dwell angle can be varied as re-
( quired by shifting the intersection point t on the ramp voltage and by varying the voltage derived from the current
control time. This means that the correct dwell \
angle is always formed for every operating range. Since current regula- tion and dwell-angle closed-loop con- trol
are dependent directly upon cur- rent and time, this eliminates the effects of varying battery voltage and temperatu
re effects or other ignition coil tolerances. This renders these igni- tion systems particularly suitable for cold
starting. Since primary current can flow owing to the waveform of the Hall signal with the engine switched off and
with the ignition-starting switch switched on, the control units can be equipped with an auxiliary circuit which
switches off this " peak-coil current" after a certain period.

Control unit

Transistorized ignition systems with current regulation and dwell-angle closed-loop control, virtually all com- prise
hybrid circuits. This makes it pos- sible to combine the compact and light- weight control units, for instance with
the ignition coil, to form one assembly. Owing to the power loss which occurs in the ignition coil and in the
transistorized- ignition control unit, adequate cooling and good thermal contact with the body- workare required.