Rigger Reference Manual: National Commission For The Certification of Crane Operators (Cco)

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE
CERTIFICATION OF CRANE OPERATORS (CCO)
RIGGER
REFERENCE MANUAL
NCCCO Rigger Reference Manual REV 02/09

Hold Harmless/Release/Disclaimer Agreement
The reading and/or using person or entities using this publication for and in consideration of the
assistance, cooperation, and information given by the National Commission for the Certification
of Crane Operators (NCCCO) in this publication, “Rigger Reference Manual,” the receipt of
which is acknowledged, does hereby and for all future time have released, hold harmless from
any liability, and forever discharged for itself, its administrators and assigns the said NCCCO
from all and any manner of action or demands whatsoever in law, in admiralty, or in equity,
which against the said NCCCO anyone ever had, now have, or which shall be later claimed. This
agreement relates specifically to any cause of action arising out of the publication, information
provided, subsequent conduct, and any use of the information provided in this publication and
related uses or demonstrations of skills, methods, and techniques cite in the publication. This
mutually beneficial release and hold harmless agreement may not be changed orally, and exists
in perpetuity. NCCCO generally and specifically disclaims any warranty, merchantability of
intended or unintended use or liability lifting industry and promote public safety.
Copyright 2009 by National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights
reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without prior written permission from the
publisher. For information, contact the publisher, National Commission for the Certification of
Crane Operators, Inc.
Preface
This manual has been provided as a reference source for candidates

preparing to take the NCCCO Rigger Certification Exam. The materials
contained within have been compiled from a number of different sources.
These sources and the relevant material selected for inclusion in the
Reference Manual are as follows:
• ASME B30.10 - Hooks
• ASME B30.20 - Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
• ASME B30.23 - Personnel Lifting Systems
• OSHA 1910.184 - Slings
• OSHA 1926.550 - Cranes and Derricks
• OSHA 1926.251 - Rigging Equipment for Material Handling
The material contained herein is not to be used for any other purpose than
reference material in association with preparing for the NCCCO exam. No
part of this manual is to be copied or used in any manner other than by
individual candidates preparing for the NCCCO Rigger examination.
Portions reprinted from ASME B30.10, ASME B30.20 and ASME B30.23
by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All
rights reserved.
The following reference materials are used by NCCCO’s Examination
Committee to verify the accuracy of NCCCO test questions.
• ASME B30.9 - Slings
• ASME B30.16 - Hoists
• ASME B30.26 - Rigging Hardware
• IPT’s Crane and Rigging Training Manual
• Rigging Handbook - Jerry Klinke 3rd Edition
• Rigging for Ironworkers Reference Manual
• NCCCO Rigger Reference Booklet
National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators © 2009 Rigger Reference Manual i
This page intentionally left blank
Table of Contents
ASME B30.10 - Hooks 3

Section 10-1.1 Markings 5
Section 10-1.2.3 Maintenance 5
ASME B30.20 - Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices 7
Section 20-1.2.1 Marking 9
Section 20-1.3.2 Every Lift Inspection 9
Section 20-1.3.3 Frequent Inspection 9
Section 20-1.4.1 Operators 9
Section 20-1.4.2 Qualifications 9
Section 20-1.4.3 Conduct of Lifting Device Operators 10
Section 20-1.4.4 Lifting Device Operating Practices 10
Section 20-1.4.5 Miscellaneous Operating Practices 11
Section 20-1.5 Instruction Manuals 11
ASME B30.23 - Personnel Lifting Systems 13
Section 23-1.1.1(b)(7) 15
Section 23-1.1.1(b)(10) 15
Section 23-2.1.1 Personnel Lifting Platform 15
Section 23-3.1.3 Ground Crew 15
Section 23-3.2.5 Communications 15
OSHA 1910.184 - Slings 17
OSHA 1926.251 - Rigging Equipment for Material Handling 27
OSHA 1926.550 - Cranes and Derricks 35
National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators © 2009 Rigger Reference Manual 1
ASME B30.10-2005 - Hooks
Section 10-1 Markings and

Construction
Reprinted from ASME B30.10, by permission of American
Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.
Section 10-1 Markings and Construction
Section 10-1.1 Markings and Construction
10-1.1.1 Markings
Manufacturer’s identification shall be forged, cast, or
die stamped on a low stress and non wearing area of
the hook.
10-1.2.3 Maintenance
(a) Any conditions disclosed by the inspections
performed in accordance with the requirements
of para. 10-1.2.1.2 or 10-1.2.1.3 shall be corrected
by repair or replacement before continuing to
use the hook. Hooks shall be removed from
service unless a qualified person approves their
continued use and initiates corrective action.
(b) Hooks having damage or wear described as
follows shall be repaired or replaced:
(1) cracks, nicks, and gouges
[see para. 10-1.2.3(e) below]
(2) wear exceeding 10% (or as recommended by
the manufacturer) of the original sectional
dimension
(3) any visibly apparent bend or twist from the
plane of the unbent hook
(4) any distortion causing an increase in throat
opening of 5%, not to exceed 1⁄4 in (or as
recommended by the manufacturer)
(5) inability of self-locking hooks to lock
(c) A hook latch, when required, that is inoperative
shall be repaired or replaced.
(d) A hook with a latch that does not close the
throat opening shall be removed from service or
moused until the latch is replaced or repaired.
(e) Repair of cracks, nicks, and gouges shall be
carried out by a designated person by grinding
longitudinally, following the contour of the
hook, provided no dimension is reduced
more than 10% (or as recommended by the
manufacturer) of its original value.
(f ) All other repairs shall be performed by the
manufacturer or a qualified person.
(g) Replacement parts, such as load pins for clevis
hooks, shall be at least equal to the original
manufacturer’s specifications.
ASME B30.20-2006 - Below-the-Hook
Lifting Devices
Section 20-1 Structural and

Mechanical Lifting Devices
Section 20-1 Structural and Mechanical
Lifting Devices
Section 20-1.2: Marking, Construction, and 20-1.3.3 Frequent Inspection

Installation
Items such as the following shall be inspected for
20-1.2.1 Marking damage at intervals as defined in para. 20-1.3.1(b)
(a) Rated Load. The rated load of the lifting (2), including observations during operation for
device shall be legibly marked on the main any indications of damage that might appear
structure or on a tag attached to it where it is between inspections. A qualified person shall
visible. If the lifting device is made up of determine whether any indications of damage
several lifters, each detachable from the constitute a hazard or will require more frequent
group, these lifters shall also be marked inspection. For all lifters, inspect:
with their individual rated loads. (a) structural members for deformation, cracks,
(b) Identification. All new structural and or excessive wear on any part of the lifter
mechanical lifting devices shall be marked (b) loose or missing guards, fasteners, covers,
with, but not limited to, the following stops, or nameplates
information: (c) all functional operating mechanisms and
(1) manufacturer’s name and address automatic hold-and-release mechanisms
(2) serial number for misadjustments interfering with
(3) lifter weight, if over 100 lb (45 kg) operation
(4) cold current (amps) (when applicable)
SECTION 20-1.4: OPERATION
(5) rated voltage (when applicable)
(6) rated load [as described in 20-1.4.1 Operators
para. 0-1.2.1(a)] Below-the-hook lifting devices shall be operated
(7) ASME BTH-1 Design Category only by trained, designated persons.
(8) ASME BTH-1 Service Class
20-1.4.2 Qualifications
Section 20-1.3: Inspection, Testing, and
Maintenance Qualifications for operators of below-the-hook
lifting devices are as follows:
20-1.3.2 Every Lift Inspection (a) The operator shall be instructed in the
Items such as the following shall be inspected by use of the device by a designated person.
the operator before and/or during every lift for Instructions should include, but not be
any indication of damage as specifically indicated, limited to, the following:
including observations during operation for any (1) application of the lifter to the load and
damage that might occur during the lift: adjustments, if any, that adapt the lifter
(a) surface of the load for debris to various sizes or kinds of loads
(b) condition and operation of the controls (2) instructions in any special operations or
(c) condition and operation of the indicators precautions
and meters when installed (3) the manufacturer’s suggested operating
procedures
(4) condition of the load itself required for
operation of the lifter, such as, but not
limited to, balance, surface cleanliness,
flatness, bending, and load thickness
(5) storage of the lifter to protect it from
damage
(6) not exceeding the rated load of the lifting (i) The operator shall not ride, or allow others to
device nor the capacity of the hoisting ride, loads or the lifting device.
equipment by the combined weight of (j) The operator and other personnel shall stay
the load, the lifting device, and rigging clear of the load.
(7) the proper attachment of adapters to
20-1.4.4 Lifting Device Operating Practices
lifting device for special load handling
(b) The operator shall demonstrate the ability (a) Lifting devices shall be operated only by the
to operate the lifter as instructed before following qualified personnel:
assuming responsibility for using the lifter. (1) designated persons
(2) trainees under the direct supervision of
20-1.4.3 Conduct of Lifting Device Operators
a designated person
(a) The operator shall give attention to the (3) maintenance and test personnel, when it
operation of the lifts during a lifting is necessary in the performance of their
sequence. duties
(b) When physically or otherwise unfit, an (4) inspectors (lifting devices)
operator shall not engage in the operation (b) The lifting device shall not be loaded in
of the equipment. excess of its rated load or handle any load
(c) Operators shall be responsible for those for which it is not designed.
operations under their direct control. (c) The lifter shall be applied to the load in
Whenever there is any doubt as to safety, accordance with the instruction manual.
the operator shall consult a designated (d) Before lifting, the operator shall make sure
person before handling the load. that lifter ropes or chains are not kinked,
(d) The operator shall respond only to and that multiple part lines are not twisted
instructions from designated persons. around each other.
However, the operator shall obey a stop (e) Care should be taken to make certain the
order at all times, no matter who gives it. load is correctly distributed for the lifter
(e) The operation of the lifter shall be observed being used.
before use and during a shift. Any deficiency (f ) The temperature of the load should not
observed shall be carefully examined by exceed the maximum allowable limits of the
a designated person. If the deficiency lifter.
constitutes a hazard, the lifter shall be (g) The lifter shall be brought over the load in
removed from service and tagged “Out of such a manner as to minimize swinging.
Service.” Any indication of a hazardous (h) Care shall be taken that there is not sudden
condition shall be reported to a qualified acceleration or deceleration of the load.
person for evaluation. (i) Do not allow load or lifter to come into
(f ) The operator shall be familiar with standard contact with any obstruction.
hand signals when applicable. (j) The operator shall avoid carrying the load
(g) The operator shall land any attached load over people.
and store the lifter before leaving the lifting (k) The lifter shall not be used for side pulls
device. or sliding the load unless specifically
(h) All controls shall be tested by the operator authorized by a qualified person.
before use during a shift. If any controls (l) The operator shall not leave suspended loads
do not operate properly, they should be unattended.
adjusted or repaired before operations are
begun.
10 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators © 2009 Rigger Reference Manual
20-1.4.5 Miscellaneous Operating Practices
(a) An operator shall not use a lifting device
that is tagged “Out of Service” or otherwise
designated as nonfunctioning.
(b) “Out of Service” tags on lifting devices shall
not be removed without the approval of
the person placing them or an authorized
person.
(c) The lifter, when not in use, should be stored
at an assigned location.
(d) Caution should be taken that operating
markings or tags shall not be removed or
defaced. Missing or illegible markings or
tags shall be replaced.
20-1.5: INSTRUCTION MANUALS
The manufacturer shall provide operating
instructions, and maintenance and parts
information.
ASME B30.23-2005 - Personnel Lifting
Systems
Section 23-1 Construction

and Characteristics
Section 23-2 Inspection,
Testing, and Maintenance
Section 23-3 Operation
Section 23-1 Construction and
Characteristics
Section 23-1.1 Design (h) Rope sling and chain sling

23-1.1.1(b)(7) Personnel Lifting Platform suspension systems shall have
each leg of the system permanently
(7) An identification plate shall be located marked with the rated load of the leg.
on the platform. The location shall The master link in the system shall
protect against damage and allow easy be permanently marked with the
viewing from both the interior (while suspension system’s rated load and
hoisted) and exterior (while not hoisted) identification as a personnel lifting
of the platform. As a minimum, the platform suspension component.
following information shall be displayed: (i) Shackles, if used in the suspension
(a) manufacturer name and address system, shall be of a bolt type with
(b) platform rating in terms of weight cotter pin.
and personnel
(c) platform identification number Section 23-2.1 Inspection
(d) suspension system description for
23-2.1.1 Personnel Lifting Platform
suspended platforms or the intended
hoisting equipment manufacturer (a) General. The platform manufacturer shall
identification for boom-attached furnish complete inspection criteria for
platforms platform users. The criteria shall address all
(e) weight of the empty platform and its inspection frequency classifications listed in
suspension system this volume and shall cover
(f ) date of the platform manufacture (1) the platform
(g) certification of compliance to the (2) rigging components
design, construction, and testing (c) Records
requirements of this volume (1) For frequent inspections, dated
(h) listing of any unique operational records for the hoisting equipment and
environments for which the platform personnel platform shall be made and
has been designed kept by the platform user for the duration
of the personnel lift operation.
23-1.1.1(b)(10) Personnel Lifting Platform
Section 23-3.1 Personnel
(10) For suspended platforms, a suspension
system that minimizes the potential for 23-3.1.3 Ground Crew
the system’s removal and use for other (a) Qualifications. Individuals assigned as
purposes. The suspension system shall ground crew shall be physically and
be sized by the platform manufacturer, mentally capable of performing the
and its installed sling angle established, inspections and operations associated with
so as not to cause damage to the the lift. They shall be trained in the specific
platform. Suspension systems shall requirements of their tasks associated with
comply with the following: the lift.
(e) Synthetic webbing or natural or
synthetic fiber rope slings shall not 23-3.2.5 Communications
be used for suspension systems. (c) Hand signals shall be posted conspicuously
at the following locations:
(2) inside the personnel platform
OSHA 1910.184 - Slings

Reprinted from Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA). All rights reserved.
Regulations 1910.184
zz Part Number: 1910
zz Part Title: Occupational Safety and Health Standards
zz Subpart: N
zz Subpart Title: Materials Handling and Storage
zz Standard Number: 1910.184
zz Title: Slings
1910.184(a) Cable laid rope is a wire rope composed of six wire

Scope. This section applies to slings used in ropes wrapped around a fiber or wire rope core.
conjunction with other material handling equipment Cable laid rope sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope
for the movement of material by hoisting, in sling made from a cable laid rope with eyes fabricated
employments covered by this part. The types of slings by pressing or swaging one or more metal sleeves over
covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire the rope junction.
rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope
(conventional three strand construction), and synthetic Choker hitch is a sling configuration with one end of
web (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene). the sling passing under the load and through an end
attachment, handle or eye on the other end of the sling.
1910.184(b) Coating is an elastomer or other suitable material
Definitions applied to a sling or to a sling component to impart
desirable properties.
Angle of loading is the inclination of a leg or branch
of a sling measured from the horizontal or vertical Cross rod is a wire used to join spirals of metal mesh
plane as shown in Fig. N-184-5; provided that an angle to form a complete fabric. (See Fig. N-184-2.)
of loading of five degrees or less from the vertical may Designated means selected or assigned by the
be considered a vertical angle of loading. employer or the employer's representative as being
Basket hitch is a sling configuration whereby the qualified to perform specific duties.
sling is passed under the load and has both ends, end Equivalent entity is a person or organization
attachments, eyes or handles on the hook or a single (including an employer) which, by possession of
master link. equipment, technical knowledge and skills, can
Braided wire rope is a wire rope formed by plaiting perform with equal competence the same repairs and
component wire ropes. tests as the person or organization with which it is
equated.
Bridle wire rope sling is a sling composed of
multiple wire rope legs with the top ends gathered in a Fabric (metal mesh) is the flexible portion of a
fitting that goes over the lifting hook. metal mesh sling consisting of a series of transverse
coils and cross rods.
Cable laid endless sling-mechanical joint is a
wire rope sling made endless by joining the ends of Female handle (choker) is a handle with a handle
a single length of cable laid rope with one or more eye and a slot of such dimension as to permit passage
metallic fittings. of a male handle thereby allowing the use of a metal
mesh sling in a choker hitch. (See Fig. N-184-1.)
Cable laid grommet-hand tucked is an endless
wire rope sling made from one length of rope wrapped Handle is a terminal fitting to which metal mesh fabric
six times around a core formed by hand tucking the is attached. (See Fig. N-184-1.)
ends of the rope inside the six wraps.
Handle eye is an opening in a handle of a metal mesh Spiral is a single transverse coil that is the basic
sling shaped to accept a hook, shackle or other lifting element from which metal mesh is fabricated. (See Fig.
device. (See Fig. N-184-1.) N-184-2.)
Hitch is a sling configuration whereby the sling is Strand laid endless sling-mechanical joint is a
fastened to an object or load, either directly to it or wire rope sling made endless from one length of rope
around it. with the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings.
Link is a single ring of a chain. Strand laid grommet-hand tucked is an endless
wire rope sling made from one length of strand
Male handle (triangle) is a handle with a handle wrapped six times around a core formed by hand
eye.
tucking the ends of the strand inside the six wraps.
Master coupling link is an alloy steel welded Strand laid rope is a wire rope made with strands
coupling link used as an intermediate link to join alloy
(usually six or eight) wrapped around a fiber core, wire
steel chain to master links. (See Fig. N-184-3.)
strand core, or independent wire rope core (IWRC).
Master link or gathering ring is a forged or welded Vertical hitch is a method of supporting a load by a
steel link used to support all members (legs) of an alloy
single, vertical part or leg of the sling. (See Fig. N-184-
steel chain sling or wire rope sling. (See Fig. N-184-3.)
4.)
Mechanical coupling link is a nonwelded,
mechanically closed steel link used to attach master 1910.184(c)
links, hooks, etc., to alloy steel chain. Safe operating practices. Whenever any sling is
FIGURE N-184-1 METAL MESH SLING (TYPICAL) used, the following practices shall be observed:
(For Figure N-184-1, Click Here)
FIGURE N-184-2 METAL MESH CONSTRUCTION
1910.184(c)(1)
(For Figure N-184-2, Click Here) Slings that are damaged or defective shall not be used.
FIGURE N-184-3 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A 1910.184(c)(2)
QUADRUPLE SLING (For Figure N-184-3, Click
Here) Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or
other makeshift devices.
Proof load is the load applied in performance of a
proof test. 1910.184(c)(3)
Proof test is a nondestructive tension test performed Sling legs shall not be kinked.
by the sling manufacturer or an equivalent entity to
verify construction and workmanship of a sling. 1910.184(c)(4)
Rated capacity or working load limit is the Slings shall not be loaded in excess of their rated
maximum working load permitted by the provisions of capacities.
this section.
1910.184(c)(5)
Reach is the effective length of an alloy steel chain Slings used in a basket hitch shall have the loads
sling measured from the top bearing surface of the balanced to prevent slippage.
upper terminal component to the bottom bearing
surface of the lower terminal component. 1910.184(c)(6)
Selvage edge is the finished edge of synthetic Slings shall be securely attached to their loads.
webbing designed to prevent unraveling.
Sling is an assembly which connects the load to the 1910.184(c)(7)
material handling equipment. Slings shall be padded or protected from the sharp
edges of their loads.
Sling manufacturer is a person or organization that
assembles sling components into their final form for 1910.184(c)(8)
sale to users.
Suspended loads shall be kept clear of all obstructions.
1910.184(c)(9) 1910.184(e)(3)(i)
All employees shall be kept clear of loads about to be In addition to the inspection required by paragraph (d)
lifted and of suspended loads. of this section, a thorough periodic inspection of alloy
steel chain slings in use shall be made on a regular
1910.184(c)(10) basis, to be determined on the basis of (A) frequency of
Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling sling use; (B) severity of service conditions; (C) nature
and its load while the sling is being tightened around of lifts being made; and (D) experience gained on the
the load. service life of slings used in similar circumstances.
Such inspections shall in no event be at intervals
1910.184(c)(11) greater than once every 12 months.
Shock loading is prohibited.
1910.184(e)(3)(ii)
1910.184(c)(12) The employer shall make and maintain a record of the
A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the most recent month in which each alloy steel chain sling
load is resting on the sling. was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such record
available for examination.
1910.184(d)
Inspections. Each day before being used, the sling and 1910.184(e)(3)(iii)
all fastenings and attachments shall be inspected for The thorough inspection of alloy steel chain slings shall
damage or defects by a competent person designated be performed by a competent person designated by
by the employer. Additional inspections shall be the employer, and shall include a thorough inspection
performed during sling use, where service conditions for wear, defective welds, deformation and increase
warrant. Damaged or defective slings shall be in length. Where such defects or deterioration are
immediately removed from service. present, the sling shall be immediately removed from
service.
1910.184(e)
Alloy steel chain slings. 1910.184(e)(4)
Proof testing. The employer shall ensure that before
1910.184(e)(1) use, each new, repaired, or reconditioned alloy steel
Sling identification. Alloy steel chain slings shall have chain sling, including all welded components in
permanently affixed durable identification stating size, the sling assembly, shall be proof tested by the sling
grade, rated capacity, and reach. manufacturer or equivalent entity, in accordance with
paragraph 5.2 of the American Society of Testing and
1910.184(e)(2) Materials Specification A391-65, which is incorporated
Attachments. by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6 (ANSI G61.1-
1968). The employer shall retain a certificate of the
1910.184(e)(2)(i) proof test and shall make it available for examination.
Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear shaped links, welded
or mechanical coupling links or other attachments 1910.184(e)(5)
shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the Sling use. Alloy steel chain slings shall not be used with
alloy steel chain with which they are used or the sling loads in excess of the rated capacities prescribed in
shall not be used in excess of the rated capacity of the Table N-184-1. Slings not included in this table shall
weakest component. be used only in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.
1910.184(e)(2)(ii)
Makeshift links or fasteners formed from bolts or rods,
or other such attachments, shall not be used.
1910.184(e)(3)
Inspections.
1910.184(e)(6) 1910.184(f)(1)
Safe operating temperatures. Alloy steel chain slings Sling use. Wire rope slings shall not be used with
shall be permanently removed from service if they are loads in excess of the rated capacities shown in Tables
heated above 1000 deg. F. When exposed to service N-184-3 through N-184-14. Slings not included in
temperatures in excess of 600 deg. F, maximum these tables shall be used only in accordance with the
working load limits permitted in Table N-184-1 shall manufacturer’s recommendations.
be reduced in accordance with the chain or sling
manufacturer's recommendations. 1910.184(f)(2)
Minimum sling lengths.
1910.184(e)(7)
Repairing and reconditioning alloy steel chain slings. 1910.184(f)(2)(i)
Cable laid and 6x19 and 6x37 slings shall have a
1910.184(e)(7)(i) minimum clear length of wire rope 10 times the
Worn or damaged alloy steel chain slings or component rope diameter between splices, sleeves or
attachments shall not be used until repaired. When end fittings.
welding or heat testing is performed, slings shall not be
used unless repaired, reconditioned and proof tested 1910.184(f)(2)(ii)
by the sling manufacturer or an equivalent entity. Braided slings shall have a minimum clear length
of wire rope 40 times the component rope diameter
1910.184(e)(7)(ii) between the loops or end fittings.
Mechanical coupling links or low carbon steel repair
links shall not be used to repair broken lengths of 1910.184(f)(2)(iii)
chain. Cable laid grommets, strand laid grommets and
endless slings shall have a minimum circumferential
1910.184(e)(8) length of 96 times their body diameter.
Effects of wear. If the chain size at any point of any link
is less than that stated in Table N-184-2, the sling shall 1910.184(f)(3)
be removed from service. Safe operating temperatures. Fiber core wire rope
slings of all grades shall be permanently removed from
1910.184(e)(9) service if they are exposed to temperatures in excess
Deformed attachments. of 200 deg. F. When nonfiber core wire rope slings of
any grade are used at temperatures above 400 deg. F or
1910.184(e)(9)(i) below minus 60 deg. F, recommendations of the sling
Alloy steel chain slings with cracked or deformed manufacturer regarding use at that temperature shall
master links, coupling links or other components shall be followed.
be removed from service. 1910.184(e)(9)(ii)
1910.184(f)(4)
Slings shall be removed from service if hooks are
cracked, have been opened more than 15 percent of End attachments.
the normal throat opening measured at the narrowest
point or twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane of
1910.184(f)(4)(i)
the unbent hook. Welding of end attachments, except covers to thimbles,
shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling.
1910.184(f)
Wire rope slings.
1910.184(f)(4)(ii)
All welded end attachments shall not be used unless
proof tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity
at twice their rated capacity prior to initial use. The
employer shall retain a certificate of the proof test, and
make it available for examination.
1910.184(f)(5) 1910.184(g)(3)(i)
Removal from service. Wire rope slings shall be The rated capacity of the sling is not reduced.
immediately removed from service if any of the
following conditions are present: 1910.184(g)(3)(ii)
The load is evenly distributed across the width of the
1910.184(f)(5)(i) fabric.
Ten randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay,
or five broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. 1910.184(g)(3)(iii)
Sharp edges will not damage the fabric.
1910.184(f)(5)(ii)
Wear or scraping of one-third the original diameter of 1910.184(g)(4)
outside individual wires. Sling coatings. Coatings which diminish the rated
capacity of a sling shall not be applied.
1910.184(f)(5)(iii)
Kinking, crushing, bird caging or any other damage 1910.184(g)(5)
resulting in distortion of the wire rope structure. Sling testing. All new and repaired metal mesh slings,
including handles, shall not be used unless proof
1910.184(f)(5)(iv) tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity at a
Evidence of heat damage. minimum of 1 1/2 times their rated capacity. Elastomer
impregnated slings shall be proof tested before coating.
1910.184(f)(5)(v)
End attachments that are cracked, deformed or worn. 1910.184(g)(6)
Proper use of metal mesh slings. Metal mesh slings
1910.184(f)(5)(vi) shall not be used to lift loads in excess of their rated
Hooks that have been opened more than 15 percent of capacities as prescribed in Table N-184-15. Slings not
the normal throat opening measured at the narrowest included in this table shall be used only in accordance
point or twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane of with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
the unbent hook.
1910.184(g)(7)
1910.184(f)(5)(vii) Safe operating temperatures. Metal mesh slings which
Corrosion of the rope or end attachments. are not impregnated with elastomers may be used in
a temperature range from minus 20 deg. F to plus 550
1910.184(g) deg. F without decreasing the working load limit. Metal
Metal mesh slings -- mesh slings impregnated with polyvinyl chloride or
neoprene may be used only in a temperature range
1910.184(g)(1) from zero degrees to plus 200 deg. F. For operations
Sling marking. Each metal mesh sling shall have outside these temperature ranges or for metal mesh
permanently affixed to it a durable marking that states slings impregnated with other materials, the sling
the rated capacity for vertical basket hitch and choker manufacturer’s recommendations shall be followed.
hitch loadings.
1910.184(g)(8)
1910.184(g)(2) Repairs.
Handles. Handles shall have a rated capacity at least
equal to the metal fabric and exhibit no deformation 1910.184(g)(8)(i)
after proof testing. Metal mesh slings which are repaired shall not be used
unless repaired by a metal mesh sling manufacturer or
1910.184(g)(3) an equivalent entity.
Attachments of handles to fabric. The fabric and
handles shall be joined so that:
1910.184(g)(8)(ii) 1910.184(h)(1)(ii)
Once repaired, each sling shall be permanently marked Fiber rope slings shall have a diameter of curvature
or tagged, or a written record maintained, to indicate meeting at least the minimums specified in Figs.
the date and nature of the repairs and the person or N-184-4 and N-184-5.
organization that performed the repairs. Records of
repairs shall be made available for examination. 1910.184(h)(1)(iii)
Slings not included in these tables shall be used
1910.184(g)(9) only in accordance with the manufacturer’s
Removal from service. Metal mesh slings shall be recommendations.
immediately removed from service if any of the
following conditions are present: FIGURE N-184-4 Basic Sling Configurations
with Vertical Legs
1910.184(g)(9)(i) (For Figure N-184-4, Click Here)
A broken weld or broken brazed joint along the sling FIGURE N-184-5 Basic Sling Configurations
edge. with Angled Legs
(For Figure N-184-5, Click Here)
1910.184(g)(9)(ii)
1910.184(h)(5)(vi)
Reduction in wire diameter of 25 per cent due to
abrasion or 15 per cent due to corrosion. Distortion of hardware in the sling.
1910.184(g)(9)(iii) 1910.184(h)(6)
Lack of flexibility due to distortion of the fabric. Repairs. Only fiber rope slings made from new rope
shall be used. Use of repaired or reconditioned fiber
1910.184(g)(9)(iv) rope slings is prohibited.
Distortion of the female handle so that the depth of the
1910.184(i)
slot is increased more than 10 per cent.
Synthetic web slings --
1910.184(g)(9)(v)
1910.184(i)(1)
Distortion of either handle so that the width of the eye
is decreased more than 10 per cent. Sling identification. Each sling shall be marked or
coded to show the rated capacities for each type of
1910.184(g)(9)(vi) hitch and type of synthetic web material.
A 15 percent reduction of the original cross sectional
1910.184(i)(2)
area of metal at any point around the handle eye.
Webbing. Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform
1910.184(g)(9)(vii) thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split
Distortion of either handle out of its plane. from the webbing’s width.
1910.184(h) 1910.184(i)(3)
Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings -- Fittings. Fittings shall be:
1910.184(h)(1) 1910.184(i)(3)(i)
Sling use. Of a minimum breaking strength equal to that of the
sling; and
1910.184(h)(1)(i)
1910.184(i)(3)(ii)
Fiber rope slings made from conventional three strand
construction fiber rope shall not be used with loads Free of all sharp edges that could in any way damage
in excess of the rated capacities prescribed in Tables the webbing.
N-184-16 through N-184-19.
1910.184(i)(4) 1910.184(i)(8)(i)
Attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation of Synthetic web slings which are repaired shall not be
eyes. Stitching shall be the only method used to attach used unless repaired by a sling manufacturer or an
end fittings to webbing and to form eyes. The thread equivalent entity.
shall be in an even pattern and contain a sufficient
number of stitches to develop the full breaking strength 1910.184(i)(8)(ii)
of the sling. Each repaired sling shall be proof tested by the
manufacturer or equivalent entity to twice the rated
1910.184(i)(5) capacity prior to its return to service. The employer
Sling use. Synthetic web slings illustrated in Fig. shall retain a certificate of the proof test and make it
N-184-6 shall not be used with loads in excess of the available for examination.
rated capacities specified in Tables N-184-20 through
N-184-22. Slings not included in these tables shall 1910.184(i)(8)(iii)
be used only in accordance with the manufacturer's Slings, including webbing and fittings, which have been
recommendations. repaired in a temporary manner shall not be used.
1910.184(i)(6) 1910.184(i)(9)
Environmental conditions. When synthetic web slings Removal from service. Synthetic web slings shall
are used, the following precautions shall be taken: be immediately removed from service if any of the
following conditions are present:
1910.184(i)(6)(i)
Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, 1910.184(i)(9)(i)
vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are Acid or caustic burns;
present.
1910.184(i)(9)(ii)
1910.184(i)(6)(ii) Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface;
Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be
used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of 1910.184(i)(9)(iii)
caustics are present. Snags, punctures, tears or cuts;
1910.184(i)(6)(iii) 1910.184(i)(9)(iv)
Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used Broken or worn stitches; or
where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics
are present. 1910.184(i)(9)(v)
Distortion of fittings.
FIGURE N-184-6 Basic Synthetic Web Sling
Constructions
1910.184(i)(7)
Safe operating temperatures. Synthetic web slings of
polyester and nylon shall not be used at temperatures
in excess of 180 deg. F. Polypropylene web slings shall
not be used at temperatures in excess of 200 deg. F.
1910.184(i)(8)
Repairs.
OSHA 1926.251 - Rigging Equipment for
Material Handling
OSHA 1926.251 - Rigging

Equipment for Material
Handling
zz Part Title: Safety and Health Regulations for Construction
zz Subpart: H
zz Subpart Title: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal
zz Title: Rigging equipment for material handling.
zz Applicable Standards: 1910.184(a); 1910.184(c)(2); 1910.184(c)(3);
1910.184(c)(5); 1910.184(c)(7); 1910.184(c)(10);
1910.184(c)(11); 1910.184(c)(12); 1910.184(f )(2);
1910.184(f )(3); 1910.184(f )(4); 1910.184(d)
1926.251(a) 1926.251(a)(5)
General. "Scope." This section applies to slings used in
conjunction with other material handling equipment
1926.251(a)(1) for the movement of material by hoisting, in
Rigging equipment for material handling shall be employments covered by this part. The types of slings
inspected prior to use on each shift and as necessary covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire
during its use to ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope
equipment shall be removed from service. (conventional three strand construction), and synthetic
web (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
1926.251(a)(2)
Rigging equipment shall not be loaded in excess of 1926.251(a)(6)
its recommended safe working load, as prescribed "Inspections." Each day before being used, the sling
in Tables H-1 through H-20 in this subpart, following and all fastenings and attachments shall be inspected
1926.252(e) for the specific equipment. for damage or defects by a competent person
designated by the employer. Additional inspections
1926.251(a)(3) shall be performed during sling use, where service
Rigging equipment, when not in use, shall be removed conditions warrant. Damaged or defective slings shall
from the immediate work area so as not to present a be immediately removed from service.
hazard to employees.
1926.251(b)
1926.251(a)(4) Alloy steel chains.
Special custom design grabs, hooks, clamps, or other
lifting accessories, for such units as modular panels, 1926.251(b)(1)
prefabricated structures and similar materials, shall be Welded alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently
marked to indicate the safe working loads and shall be affixed durable identification stating size, grade, rated
proof-tested prior to use to 125 percent of their rated capacity, and sling manufacturer.
load.
1926.251(b)(2)
Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear-shaped links, welded
or mechanical coupling links, or other attachments,
when used with alloy steel chains, shall have a rated
capacity at least equal to that of the chain.
1926.251(b)(3) 1926.251(c)(2)
Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift fasteners, Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and
formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other such bridles shall be covered or blunted.
attachments, shall not be used.
1926.251(c)(3)
1926.251(b)(4) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul
Rated capacity (working load limit) for alloy steel chain back lines on scrapers.
slings shall conform to the values shown in Table H-1.
1926.251(c)(4)
1926.251(b)(5) The following limitations shall apply to the use of wire
Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds rope:
that shown in Table H-2, the assembly shall be
removed from service. 1926.251(c)(4)(i)
An eye splice made in any wire rope shall have not
1926.251(b)(6) less than three full tucks. However, this requirement
"Inspections." shall not operate to preclude the use of another form
of splice or connection which can be shown to be as
1926.251(b)(6)(i) efficient and which is not otherwise prohibited.
In addition to the inspection required by other
paragraphs of this section, a thorough periodic 1926.251(c)(4)(ii)
inspection of alloy steel chain slings in use shall be Except for eye splices in the ends of wires and for
made on a regular basis, to be determined on the basis endless rope slings, each wire rope used in hoisting
of (A) frequency of sling use; (B) severity of service or lowering, or in pulling loads, shall consist of one
conditions; (C) nature of lifts being made; and (D) continuous piece without knot or splice.
experience gained on the service life of slings used
in similar circumstances. Such inspections shall in 1926.251(c)(4)(iii)
no event be at intervals greater than once every 12 Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, or bull wires shall not
months. be formed by wire rope clips or knots.
1926.251(b)(6)(ii) 1926.251(c)(4)(iv)
The employer shall make and maintain a record of the Wire rope shall not be used if, in any length of eight
most recent month in which each alloy steel chain sling diameters, the total number of visible broken wires
was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such record exceeds 10 percent of the total number of wires, or if
available for examination. the rope shows other signs of excessive wear, corrosion,
or defect.
1926.251(c)
Wire rope. 1926.251(c)(5)
When U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes,
1926.251(c)(1) Table H-20 shall be used to determine the number and
Tables H-3 through H-14 shall be used to determine the spacing of clips.
safe working loads of various sizes and classifications
of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope 1926.251(c)(5)(i)
slings with various types of terminals. For sizes, When used for eye splices, the U-bolt shall be applied
classifications, and grades not included in these so that the "U" section is in contact with the dead end
tables, the safe working load recommended by the of the rope.
manufacturer for specific, identifiable products shall be
followed, provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 1926.251(c)(6)
is maintained. Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or
other makeshift devices.
1926.251(c)(7) 1926.251(c)(14)
Sling legs shall not be kinked. "Safe operating temperatures." Fiber core wire rope
slings of all grades shall be permanently removed from
1926.251(c)(8) service if they are exposed to temperatures in excess of
Slings used in a basket hitch shall have the loads 200 deg. F (93.33 deg. C). When nonfiber core wire rope
balanced to prevent slippage. slings of any grade are used at temperatures above 400
deg. F (204.44 deg. C) or below minus 60 deg. F (15.55
1926.251(c)(9) deg. C), recommendations of the sling manufacturer
Slings shall be padded or protected from the sharp regarding use at that temperature shall be followed.
edges of their loads.
1926.251(c)(15)
1926.251(c)(10) "End attachments."
Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling
and its load while the sling is being tightened around 1926.251(c)(15)(i)
the load. Welding of end attachments, except covers to thimbles,
shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling.
1926.251(c)(11)
Shock loading is prohibited. 1926.251(c)(15)(ii)
All welded end attachments shall not be used unless
1926.251(c)(12) proof tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity
A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the at twice their rated capacity prior to initial use. The
load is resting on the sling. employer shall retain a certificate of proof test, and
make it available for examination.
1926.251(c)(13)
"Minimum sling lengths." 1926.251(d)
Natural rope, and synthetic fiber-
1926.251(c)(13)(i)
Cable laid and 6 X 19 and 6 X 37 slings shall have 1926.251(d)(1)
minimum clear length of wire rope 10 times the General. When using natural or synthetic fiber rope
component rope diameter between splices, sleeves or slings, Tables H-15, 16, 17, and 18 shall apply.
end fittings.
1926.251(d)(2)
1926.251(c)(13)(ii) All splices in rope slings provided by the employer shall
Braided slings shall have a minimum clear length be made in accordance with fiber rope manufacturers
of wire rope 40 times the component rope diameter recommendations.
between the loops or end fittings.
1926.251(d)(2)(i)
1926.251(c)(13)(iii) In manila rope, eye splices shall contain at least three
Cable laid grommets, strand laid grommets and full tucks, and short splices shall contain at least six
endless slings shall have a minimum circumferential full tucks (three on each side of the center line of the
length of 96 times their body diameter. splice).
1926.251(d)(2)(ii)
In layed synthetic fiber rope, eye splices shall contain
at least four full tucks, and short splices shall contain
at least eight full tucks (four on each side of the center
line of the splice).
1926.251(d)(2)(iii) 1926.251(d)(4)(ii)
Strand end tails shall not be trimmed short (flush with In synthetic fiber rope, eye splices shall consist of at
the surface of the rope) immediately adjacent to the least four full tucks, and short splices shall consist of
full tucks. This precaution applies to both eye and short at least eight full tucks, four on each side of the center
splices and all types of fiber rope. For fiber ropes under line.
1-inch diameter, the tails shall project at least six rope
diameters beyond the last full tuck. For fiber ropes 1926.251(d)(4)(iii)
1-inch diameter and larger, the tails shall project at Strand end tails shall not be trimmed flush with the
least 6 inches beyond the last full tuck. In applications surface of the rope immediately adjacent to the full
where the projecting tails may be objectionable, the tucks. This applies to all types of fiber rope and both
tails shall be tapered and spliced into the body of eye and short splices. For fiber rope under 1 inch (2.54
the rope using at least two additional tucks (which cm) in diameter, the tail shall project at least six rope
will require a tail length of approximately six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck. For fiber rope 1
diameters beyond the last full tuck). inch (2.54 cm) in diameter and larger, the tail shall
project at least 6 inches (15.24 cm) beyond the last full
1926.251(d)(2)(iv) tuck. Where a projecting tail interferes with the use
For all eye splices, the eye shall be sufficiently large to of the sling, the tail shall be tapered and spliced into
provide an included angle of not greater than 60 deg. the body of the rope using at lest two additional tucks
at the splice when the eye is placed over the load or (which will require a tail length of approximately six
support. rope diameters beyond the last full tuck).
1926.251(d)(2)(v) 1926.251(d)(4)(iv)
Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices. Fiber rope slings shall have a minimum clear length
of rope between eye splices equal to 10 times the rope
1926.251(d)(3) diameter.
"Safe operating temperatures." Natural and synthetic
fiber rope slings, except for wet frozen slings, may be 1926.251(d)(4)(v)
used in a temperature range from minus 20 deg. F Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices.
(-28.88 deg. C) to plus 180 deg. F (82.2 deg. C) without
decreasing the working load limit. For operations 1926.251(d)(4)(vi)
outside this temperature range and for wet frozen Clamps not designed specifically for fiber ropes shall
slings, the sling manufacturer's recommendations shall not be used for splicing.
be followed.
1926.251(d)(4)(vii)
1926.251(d)(4) For all eye splices, the eye shall be of such size to
"Splicing." Spliced fiber rope slings shall not be used provide an included angle of not greater than 60
unless they have been spliced in accordance with the degrees at the splice when the eye is placed over the
following minimum requirements and in accordance load or support.
with any additional recommendations of the
manufacturer: 1926.251(d)(5)
"End attachments." Fiber rope slings shall not be used
1926.251(d)(4)(i) if end attachments in contact with the rope have sharp
In manila rope, eye splices shall consist of at least three edges or projections.
full tucks, and short splices shall consist of at least six
full tucks, three on each side of the splice center line. 1926.251(d)(6)
"Removal from service." Natural and synthetic fiber
rope slings shall be immediately removed from service
if any of the following conditions are present:
1926.251(d)(6)(i) 1926.251(e)(4)(ii)
Abnormal wear. Free of all sharp edges that could in any way damage
the webbing.
1926.251(d)(6)(ii)
Powdered fiber between strands. 1926.251(e)(5)
"Attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation
1926.251(d)(6)(iii) of eyes." Stitching shall be the only method used
Broken or cut fibers. to attach end fittings to webbing and to form eyes.
The thread shall be in an even pattern and contain
1926.251(d)(6)(iv) a sufficient number of stitches to develop the full
Variations in the size or roundness of strands. breaking strength of the sling.
1926.251(d)(6)(v) 1926.251(e)(6)
Discoloration or rotting. "Environmental conditions." When synthetic web
slings are used, the following precautions shall be
1926.251(d)(6)(vi) taken:
Distortion of hardware in the sling.
1926.251(e)(6)(i)
1926.251(e) Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes,
Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are
polypropylene). present.
1926.251(e)(1) 1926.251(e)(6)(ii)
The employer shall have each synthetic web sling Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be
marked or coded to show: used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of
caustics are present.
1926.251(e)(1)(i)
Name or trademark of manufacturer. 1926.251(e)(6)(iii)
Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used
1926.251(e)(1)(ii) where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics
Rated capacities for the type of hitch. are present.
1926.251(e)(1)(iii) 1926.251(e)(7)
Type of material. "Safe operating temperatures." Synthetic web slings of
polyester and nylon shall not be used at temperatures
1926.251(e)(2) in excess of 180 deg. F (82.2 deg. C). Polypropylene web
Rated capacity shall not be exceeded. slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 200
deg. F (93.33 deg. C).
1926.251(e)(3)
1926.251(e)(8)
"Webbing." Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform
thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split "Removal from service." Synthetic web slings shall
from the webbing's width. be immediately removed from service if any of the
following conditions are present:
1926.251(e)(4)
1926.251(e)(8)(i)
"Fittings." Fittings shall be:
Acid or caustic burns;
1926.251(e)(4)(i)
1926.251(e)(8)(ii)
Of a minimum breaking strength equal to that of the
sling; and Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface;
1926.251(e)(8)(iii)
Snags, punctures, tears or cuts;
1926.251(e)(8)(iv)
Broken or worn stitches; or
1926.251(e)(8)(v)
Distortion of fittings.
1926.251(f)
Shackles and hooks.
1926.251(f)(1)
Table H-19 shall be used to determine the safe
working loads of various sizes of shackles, except
that higher safe working loads are permissible when
recommended by the manufacturer for specific,
identifiable products, provided that a safety factor of
not less than 5 is maintained.
1926.251(f)(2)
The manufacturer's recommendations shall be
followed in determining the safe working loads
of the various sizes and types of specific and
identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable
manufacturer's recommendations are available shall
be tested to twice the intended safe working load
before they are initially put into use. The employer shall
maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.
OSHA 1926.550 - Cranes and Derricks
OSHA 1926.550 - Cranes and

Derricks
OSHA 1926.550 - Crane and Derricks
zz Part Title: Safety and Health Regulations for Construction
zz Subpart: N
zz Subpart Title: Crane, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors
zz Title: Cranes and Derricks
1926.550(a) 1926.550(a)(5)
General requirements. The employer shall designate a competent person
who shall inspect all machinery and equipment prior
1926.550(a)(1) to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe
The employer shall comply with the manufacturer’s operating condition. Any deficiencies shall be repaired,
specifications and limitations applicable to the or defective parts replaced, before continued use.
operation of any and all cranes and derricks. Where
manufacturer’s specifications are not available, 1926.550(a)(6)
the limitations assigned to the equipment shall be A thorough, annual inspection of the hoisting
based on the determinations of a qualified engineer machinery shall be made by a competent person, or by
competent in this field and such determinations will be a government or private agency recognized by the U.S.
appropriately documented and recorded. Attachments Department of Labor. The employer shall maintain a
used with cranes shall not exceed the capacity, rating, record of the dates and results of inspections for each
or scope recommended by the manufacturer. hoisting machine and piece of equipment.
1926.550(a)(2) 1926.550(a)(7)
Rated load capacities, and recommended operating Wire rope shall be taken out of service when any of the
speeds, special hazard warnings, or instruction, following conditions exist:
shall be conspicuously posted on all equipment.
Instructions or warnings shall be visible to the operator 1926.550(a)(7)(i)
while he is at his control station. In running ropes, six randomly distributed broken
wires in one lay or three broken wires in one strand in
1926.550(a)(3) one lay;
[Reserved]
1926.550(a)(7)(ii)
1926.550(a)(4) Wear of one-third the original diameter of outside
Hand signals to crane and derrick operators shall be individual wires. Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or
those prescribed by the applicable ANSI standard for any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope
the type of crane in use. An illustration of the signals structure;
shall be posted at the job site.
1926.550(a)(7)(iii)
Evidence of any heat damage from any cause;
1926.550(a)(7)(iv) 1926.550(a)(12)
Reductions from nominal diameter of more than one- All windows in cabs shall be of safety glass, or
sixty-fourth inch for diameters up to and including equivalent, that introduces no visible distortion that
five-sixteenths inch, one-thirty-second inch for will interfere with the safe operation of the machine.
diameters three-eighths inch to and including one-half
inch, three-sixty-fourths inch for diameters nine- 1926.550(a)(13)
sixteenths inch to and including three-fourths inch,
one-sixteenth inch for diameters seven-eighths inch 1926.550(a)(13)(i)
to 1 1/8 inches inclusive, three-thirty-seconds inch for Where necessary for rigging or service requirements,
diameters 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 inches inclusive; a ladder, or steps, shall be provided to give access to a
cab roof.
1926.550(a)(7)(v)
In standing ropes, more than two broken wires in one 1926.550(a)(13)(ii)
lay in sections beyond end connections or more than Guardrails, handholds, and steps shall be provided on
one broken wire at an end connection. cranes for easy access to the car and cab, conforming to
American National Standards Institute B30.5.
1926.550(a)(7)(vi)
Wire rope safety factors shall be in accordance with 1926.550(a)(13)(iii)
American National Standards Institute B 30.5-1968 or Platforms and walkways shall have anti-skid surfaces.
SAE J959-1966.
1926.550(a)(14)
1926.550(a)(8) Fuel tank filler pipe shall be located in such a position,
Belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, or protected in such manner, as to not allow spill or
fly wheels, chains, or other reciprocating, rotating, or overflow to run onto the engine, exhaust, or electrical
other moving parts or equipment shall be guarded if equipment of any machine being fueled.
such parts are exposed to contact by employees, or
otherwise create a hazard. Guarding shall meet the 1926.550(a)(14)(i)
requirements of the American National Standards An accessible fire extinguisher of 5BC rating, or higher,
Institute B 15.1-1958 Rev., Safety Code for Mechanical shall be available at all operator stations or cabs of
Power Transmission Apparatus. equipment.
1926.550(a)(9) 1926.550(a)(14)(ii)
Accessible areas within the swing radius of the All fuels shall be transported, stored, and handled
rear of the rotating superstructure of the crane, to meet the rules of Subpart F of this part. When
either permanently or temporarily mounted, shall fuel is transported by vehicles on public highways,
be barricaded in such a manner as to prevent an Department of Transportation rules contained in 49
employee from being struck or crushed by the crane. CFR Parts 177 and 393 concerning such vehicular
transportation are considered applicable.
1926.550(a)(10)
All exhaust pipes shall be guarded or insulated in 1926.550(a)(15)
areas where contact by employees is possible in the Except where electrical distribution and transmission
performance of normal duties. lines have been deenergized and visibly grounded at
point of work or where insulating barriers, not a part of
1926.550(a)(11) or an attachment to the equipment or machinery, have
Whenever internal combustion engine powered been erected to prevent physical contact with the lines,
equipment exhausts in enclosed spaces, tests shall equipment or machines shall be operated proximate to
be made and recorded to see that employees are not power lines only in accordance with the following:
exposed to unsafe concentrations of toxic gases or
oxygen deficient atmospheres.
1926.550(a)(15)(i) 1926.550(a)(15)(vii)(a)
For lines rated 50 kV. or below, minimum clearance The equipment shall be provided with an electrical
between the lines and any part of the crane or load ground directly to the upper rotating structure
shall be 10 feet; supporting the boom; and
1926.550(a)(15)(ii) 1926.550(a)(15)(vii)(b)
For lines rated over 50 kV., minimum clearance Ground jumper cables shall be attached to materials
between the lines and any part of the crane or load being handled by boom equipment when electrical
shall be 10 feet plus 0.4 inch for each 1 kV. over 50 kV., charge is induced while working near energized
or twice the length of the line insulator, but never less transmitters. Crews shall be provided with
than 10 feet; nonconductive poles having large alligator clips or
other similar protection to attach the ground cable to
1926.550(a)(15)(iii) the load.
In transit with no load and boom lowered, the
equipment clearance shall be a minimum of 4 feet 1926.550(a)(15)(vii)(c)
for voltages less than 50 kV., and 10 feet for voltages Combustible and flammable materials shall be
over 50 kV., up to and including 345 kV., and 16 feet for removed from the immediate area prior to operations.
voltages up to and including 750 kV.
1926.550(a)(16)
1926.550(a)(15)(iv) No modifications or additions which affect the capacity
A person shall be designated to observe clearance or safe operation of the equipment shall be made
of the equipment and give timely warning for all by the employer without the manufacturer’s written
operations where it is difficult for the operator to approval. If such modifications or changes are made,
maintain the desired clearance by visual means; the capacity, operation, and maintenance instruction
plates, tags, or decals, shall be changed accordingly. In
1926.550(a)(15)(v) no case shall the original safety factor of the equipment
Cage-type boom guards, insulating links, or proximity be reduced.
warning devices may be used on cranes, but the use
of such devices shall not alter the requirements of 1926.550(a)(17)
any other regulation of this part even if such device is The employer shall comply with Power Crane and
required by law or regulation; Shovel Association Mobile Hydraulic Crane Standard
No. 2.
1926.550(a)(15)(vi)
Any overhead wire shall be considered to be an 1926.550(a)(18)
energized line unless and until the person owning such Sideboom cranes mounted on wheel or crawler tractors
line or the electrical utility authorities indicate that it is shall meet the requirements of SAE J743a-1964.
not an energized line and it has been visibly grounded;
1926.550(a)(19)
1926.550(a)(15)(vii) All employees shall be kept clear of loads about to be
Prior to work near transmitter towers where an lifted and of suspended loads.
electrical charge can be induced in the equipment
or materials being handled, the transmitter shall be 1926.550(b)
de-energized or tests shall be made to determine if Crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes.
electrical charge is induced on the crane. The following
precautions shall be taken when necessary to dissipate 1926.550(b)(1)
induced voltages: All jibs shall have positive stops to prevent their
movement of more than 5 deg above the straight line of
the jib and boom on conventional type crane booms.
The use of cable type belly slings does not constitute
compliance with this rule.
1926.550(b)(2) 1926.550(d)(1)
All crawler, truck, or locomotive cranes in use The rated load of the crane shall be plainly marked on
shall meet the applicable requirements for design, each side of the crane, and if the crane has more than
inspection, construction, testing, maintenance and one hoisting unit, each hoist shall have its rated load
operation as prescribed in the ANSI B30.5-1968, Safety marked on it or its load block, and this marking shall be
Code for Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes. clearly legible from the ground or floor.
However, the written, dated, and signed inspection
reports and records of the monthly inspection of 1926.550(d)(2)
critical items prescribed in section 5-2.1.5 of the ANSI Bridge trucks shall be equipped with sweeps which
B30.5-1968 standard are not required. Instead, the extend below the top of the rail and project in front of
employer shall prepare a certification record which the truck wheels.
includes the date the crane items were inspected; the
signature of the person who inspected the crane items; 1926.550(d)(3)
and a serial number, or other identifier, for the crane Except for floor-operated cranes, a gong or other
inspected. The most recent certification record shall be effective audible warning signal shall be provided
maintained on file until a new one is prepared. for each crane equipped with a power traveling
mechanism.
1926.550(c)
Hammerhead tower cranes. 1926.550(d)(4)
All overhead and gantry cranes in use shall meet the
1926.550(c)(1) applicable requirements for design, construction,
Adequate clearance shall be maintained between installation, testing, maintenance, inspection, and
moving and rotating structures of the crane and fixed operation as prescribed in the ANSI B30.2.0-1967,
objects to allow the passage of employees without Safety Code for Overhead and Gantry Cranes.
harm.
1926.550(e)
1926.550(c)(2) Derricks. All derricks in use shall meet the applicable
Each employee required to perform duties on the requirements for design, construction, installation,
horizontal boom of hammerhead tower cranes shall be inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation as
protected against falling by guardrails or by a personal prescribed in American National Standards Institute
fall arrest system in conformance with subpart M of B30.6-1969, Safety Code for Derricks.
this part.
1926.550(f)
1926.550(c)(3)
Buffers shall be provided at both ends of travel of the Floating cranes and derricks -
trolley.
1926.550(f)(1)
1926.550(c)(4) Mobile cranes mounted on barges.
Cranes mounted on rail tracks shall be equipped with
1926.550(f)(1)(i)
limit switches limiting the travel of the crane on the
track and stops or buffers at each end of the tracks. When a mobile crane is mounted on a barge, the rated
load of the crane shall not exceed the original capacity
1926.550(c)(5) specified by the manufacturer.
All hammerhead tower cranes in use shall meet the
1926.550(f)(1)(ii)
applicable requirements for design, construction,
installation, testing, maintenance, inspection, and A load rating chart, with clearly legible letters and
operation as prescribed by the manufacturer. figures, shall be provided with each crane, and securely
fixed at a location easily visible to the operator.
1926.550(d)
Overhead and gantry cranes.
1926.550(f)(1)(iii) 1926.550(g)(1)(ii)(A)
When load ratings are reduced to stay within the limits "Failure" means load refusal, breakage, or separation of
for list of the barge with a crane mounted on it, a new components.
load rating chart shall be provided.
1926.550(g)(1)(ii)(B)
1926.550(f)(1)(iv) "Hoist" (or hoisting) means all crane or derrick
Mobile cranes on barges shall be positively secured. functions such as lowering, lifting, swinging, booming
in and out or up and down, or suspending a personnel
1926.550(f)(2) platform.
Permanently mounted floating cranes and derricks.
1926.550(g)(1)(ii)(C)
1926.550(f)(2)(i) "Load refusal" means the point where the ultimate
When cranes and derricks are permanently installed strength is exceeded.
on a barge, the capacity and limitations of use shall be
based on competent design criteria. 1926.550(g)(1)(ii)(D)
"Maximum intended load" means the total load of all
1926.550(f)(2)(ii) employees, tools, materials, and other loads reasonably
A load rating chart with clearly legible letters and anticipated to be applies to a personnel platform or
figures shall be provided and securely fixed at a personnel platform component at any one time.
location easily visible to the operator.
1926.550(g)(1)(ii)(E)
1926.550(f)(2)(iii) "Runway" means a firm, level surface designed,
Floating cranes and floating derricks in use shall meet prepared and designated as a path of travel for the
the applicable requirements for design, construction, weight and configuration of the crane being used to
installation, testing, maintenance, and operation as lift and travel with the crane suspended platform. An
prescribed by the manufacturer. existing surface may be used as long as it meets these
criteria.
1926.550(f)(3)
Protection of employees working on barges. 1926.550(g)(2)
The employer shall comply with the applicable General requirements. The use of a crane or derrick to
requirements for protection of employees working hoist employees on a personnel platform is prohibited,
onboard marine vessels specified in 1926.605. except when the erection, use, and dismantling of
conventional means of reaching the worksite, such as
1926.550(g) a personnel hoist, ladder, stairway, aerial lift, elevating
Crane or derrick suspended personnel platforms - work platform or scaffold, would be more hazardous or
is not possible because of structural design or worksite
1926.550(g)(1) conditions.
Scope, application and definitions -
1926.550(g)(3)
1926.550(g)(1)(i) Cranes and derricks -
Scope and application. This standard applies to the
design, construction, testing, use and maintenance 1926.550(g)(3)(i)
of personnel platforms, and the hoisting of personnel Operational criteria.
platforms on the load lines of cranes or derricks.
1926.550(g)(3)(i)(A)
1926.550(g)(1)(ii) Hoisting of the personnel platform shall be performed
Definitions. For the purposes of this paragraph (g), the in a slow, controlled, cautious manner with no sudden
following definitions apply: movements of the crane or derrick, or the platform.
1926.550(g)(3)(i)(B) 1926.550(g)(3)(ii)(C)
Load lines shall be capable of supporting, without A positive acting device shall be used which prevents
failure, at least seven times the maximum intended contact between the load block or overhaul ball and
load, except that where rotation resistant rope is used, the boom tip (anti-two-blocking device), or a system
the lines shall be capable of supporting without failure, shall be used which deactivates the hoisting action
at least ten times the maximum intended load. The before damage occurs in the event of a two-blocking
required design factor is achieved by taking the current situation (two-block damage prevention feature).
safety factor of 3.5 (required under 1926.550(b)(2) and
applying the 50 per cent derating of the crane capacity 1926.550(g)(3)(ii)(D)
which is required by 1926.550(g)(3)(i)(F). The load line hoist drum shall have a system or device
on the power train, other than the load hoist brake,
1926.550(g)(3)(i)(C) which regulates the lowering rate of speed of the hoist
Load and boom hoist drum brakes, swing brakes, mechanism (controlled load lowering.) Free fall is
and locking devices such as pawls or dogs shall be prohibited.
engaged when the occupied personnel platform is in a
stationary position. 1926.550(g)(4)
Personnel Platforms. -
1926.550(g)(3)(i)(D)
The crane shall be uniformly level within one percent 1926.550(g)(4)(i)
of level grade and located on firm footing. Cranes Design criteria.
equipped with outriggers shall have them all fully
deployed following manufacturer's specifications, 1926.550(g)(4)(i)(A)
insofar as applicable, when hoisting employees. The personnel platform and suspension system shall
be designed by a qualified engineer or a qualified
1926.550(g)(3)(i)(E) person competent in structural design.
The total weight of the loaded personnel platform and
related rigging shall not exceed 50 percent of the rated 1926.550(g)(4)(i)(B)
capacity for the radius and configuration of the crane The suspension system shall be designed to minimize
or derrick. tipping of the platform due to movement of employees
occupying the platform.
1926.550(g)(3)(i)(F)
The use of machines having live booms (booms in 1926.550(g)(4)(i)(C)
which lowering is controlled by a brake without aid The personnel platform itself, except the guardrail
from other devices which slow the lowering speeds) is system and personnel fall arrest system anchorages,
prohibited. shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own
weight and at least five times the maximum intended
1926.550(g)(3)(ii) load. Criteria for guardrail systems and personal fall
Instruments and components. arrest system anchorages are contained in subpart M of
this Part.
1926.550(g)(3)(ii)(A)
Cranes and derricks with variable angle booms shall be 1926.550(g)(4)(ii)
equipped with a boom angle indicator, readily visible Platform specifications.
to the operator.
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(A)
1926.550(g)(3)(ii)(B) Each personnel platform shall be equipped with a
Cranes with telescoping booms shall be equipped guardrail system which meets the requirements of
with a device to indicate clearly to the operator, at Subpart M, and shall be enclosed at least from the
all times, the boom's extended length or an accurate toeboard to mid-rail with either solid construction or
determination of the load radius to be used during the expanded metal having openings no greater than 1/2
lift shall be made prior to hoisting personnel. inch (1.27 cm).
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(B) 1926.550(g)(4)(iii)(B)
A grab rail shall be installed inside the entire perimeter The number of employees occupying the personnel
of the personnel platform. platform shall not exceed the number required for the
work being performed.
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(C)
Access gates, if installed, shall not swing outward 1926.550(g)(4)(iii)(C)
during hoisting. Personnel platforms shall be used only for employees,
their tools and the materials necessary to do their work,
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(D) and shall not be used to hoist only materials or tools
Access gates, including sliding or folding gates, shall when not hoisting personnel.
be equipped with a restraining device to prevent
accidental opening. 1926.550(g)(4)(iii)(D)
Materials and tools for use during a personnel lift shall
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(E) be secured to prevent displacement.
Headroom shall be provided which allows employees
to stand upright in the platform. 1926.550(g)(4)(iii)(E)
Materials and tools for use during a personnel lift
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(F) shall be evenly distributed within the confines of the
In addition to the use of hard hats, employees shall be platform while the platform is suspended.
protected by overhead protection on the personnel
platform when employees are exposed to falling 1926.550(g)(4)(iv)
objects. Rigging.
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(G) 1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(A)
All rough edges exposed to contact by employees shall When a wire rope bridle is used to connect the
be surfaced or smoothed in order to prevent injury to personnel platform to the load line, each bridle leg
employees from punctures or lacerations. shall be connected to a master link or shackle in such
a manner to ensure that the load is evenly divided
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(H) among the bridle legs.
All welding of the personnel platform and its
components shall be performed by a qualified welder 1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(B)
familiar with the weld grades, types and material Hooks on overhaul ball assemblies, lower load blocks,
specified in the platform design. or other attachment assemblies shall be of a type that
can be closed and locked, eliminating the hook throat
1926.550(g)(4)(ii)(I) opening. Alternatively, an alloy anchor type shackle
The personnel platform shall be conspicuously posted with a bolt, nut and retaining pin may be used.
with a plate or other permanent marking which
indicates the weight of the platform, and its rated load 1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(C)
capacity or maximum intended load. Wire rope, shackles, rings, master links, and other
rigging hardware must be capable of supporting,
1926.550(g)(4)(iii) without failure, at least five times the maximum
Personnel platform loading. intended load applied or transmitted to that
component. Where rotation resistant rope is used, the
1926.550(g)(4)(iii)(A) slings shall be capable of supporting without failure at
The personnel platform shall not be loaded in excess least ten times the maximum intended load.
of its rated load capacity, When a personnel platform
does not have a rated load capacity then the personnel 1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(D)
platform shall not be loaded in excess of its maximum All eyes in wire rope slings shall be fabricated with
intended load. thimbles.
1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(E) 1926.550(g)(5)(iii)(D)
Bridles and associated rigging for attaching the The hoisting system shall be inspected if the load rope
personnel platform to the hoist line shall be used only is slack to ensure all ropes are properly stated on drums
for the platform and the necessary employees, their and in sheaves.
tools and the materials necessary to do their work
and shall not be used for any other purpose when not 1926.550(g)(5)(iv)
hoisting personnel. A visual inspection of the crane or derrick, rigging,
personnel platform, and the crane or derrick base
1926.550(g)(5) support or ground shall be conducted by a competent
Trial lift, inspections and proof testing. person immediately after the trial lift to determine
whether the testing has exposed any defect or
1926.550(g)(5)(i) produced any adverse effect upon any component or
A trial lift with the unoccupied personnel platform structure.
loaded at least to the anticipated lift weight shall
be made from ground level, or any other location 1926.550(g)(5)(v)
where employees will enter the platform to each Any defects found during inspections which create
location at which the personnel platform is to a safety hazard shall be corrected before hoisting
be hoisted and positioned. This trial lift shall be personnel.
performed immediately prior to placing personnel
on the platform. The operator shall determine that all 1926.550(g)(5)(vi)
systems, controls and safety devices are activated and At each job site, prior to hoisting employees on
functioning properly; that no interferences exist; and the personnel platform, and after any repair or
that all configurations necessary to reach those work modification, the platform and rigging shall be proof
locations will allow the operator to remain under the 50 tested to 125 percent of the platform's rated capacity by
percent limit of the hoist's rated capacity. Materials and holding it in a suspended position for five minutes with
tools to be used during the actual lift can be loaded in the test load evenly distributed on the platform (this
the platform, as provided in paragraphs (g)(4)(iii)(D), may be done concurrently with the trial lift). After proof
and (E) of this section for the trial lift. A single trial lift testing, a competent person shall inspect the platform
may be performed at one time for all locations that are and rigging. Any deficiencies found shall be corrected
to be reached from a single set up position. and another proof test shall be conducted. Personnel
hoisting shall not be conducted until the proof testing
1926.550(g)(5)(ii) requirements are satisfied.
The trial lift shall be repeated prior to hoisting
employees whenever the crane or derrick is moved 1926.550(g)(6)
and set up in a new location or returned to a previously Work practices.
used location. Additionally , the trial lift shall be
repeated when the lift route is changed unless the 1926.550(g)(6)(i)
operator determines that the route change is not Employees shall keep all parts of the body inside the
significant (i.e. the route change would not affect the platform during raising lowering, and positioning. This
safety of hoisted employees.) provision does not apply to an occupant of the platform
performing the duties of a signal person.
1926.550(g)(5)(iii)
After the trial lift, and just prior to hoisting personnel, 1926.550(g)(6)(ii)
the platform shall be hoisted a few inches and Before employees exit or enter a hoisted personnel
inspected to ensure that it is secure and properly platform that is not landed, the platform shall be
balanced. Employees shall not be hoisted unless the secured to the structure where the work is to be
following conditions are determined to exist: performed, unless securing to the structure creates an
unsafe situation.
1926.550(g)(5)(iii)(A)
Hoist ropes shall be free of kinks; 1926.550(g)(6)(iii)
Tag lines shall be used unless their use creates an
1926.550(g)(5)(iii)(B) unsafe condition.
Multiple part lines shall not be twisted around each
other; 1926.550(g)(6)(iv)
The crane or derrick operator shall remain at the
1926.550(g)(5)(iii)(C) controls at all times when the crane engine is running
The primary attachment shall be centered over the and the platform is occupied.
platform, and
1926.550(g)(6)(v) 1926.550(g)(7)(ii)(D)
Hoisting of employees shall be promptly discontinued A complete trial run shall be performed to test the
upon indication of any dangerous weather conditions route of travel before employees are allowed to occupy
or other impending danger. the platform. This trial run can be performed at the
same time as the trial lift required by paragraph (g)(5)
1926.550(g)(6)(vi) (i) of this section which tests the route of the lift.
Employees being hoisted shall remain in continuous
sight of and in direct communication with the operator 1926.550(g)(7)(ii)(E)
or signal person. In those situations where direct visual If travel is done with a rubber tired-carrier, the
contact with the operator is not possible, and the use condition and air pressure of the tires shall be checked.
of a signal person would create a greater hazard for the The chart capacity for lifts on rubber shall be used
person, direct communication alone such as by radio for application of the 50 percent reduction of rated
may be used. capacity. Notwithstanding paragraph (g)(5)(i)(E) of
this section, outriggers may be partially retracted as
1926.550(g)(6)(vii) necessary for travel.
Except over water, employees occupying the personnel
platform shall use a body belt/harness system with 1926.550(g)(8)
lanyard appropriately attached to the lower load block Pre-lift meeting.
or overhaul ball, or to a structural member within the
personnel platform capable of supporting a fall impact 1926.550(g)(8)(i)
for employees using the anchorage. When working A meeting attended by the crane or derrick operator,
over water the requirements of 1926.106 shall apply. signal person(s) (if necessary for the lift), employee(s)
to be lifted, and the person responsible for the task to
1926.550(g)(6)(viii) be performed shall be held to review the appropriate
No lifts shall be made on another of the crane's or requirements of paragraph (g) of this section and the
derrick's loadlines while personnel are suspended on a procedures to be followed.
platform.
1926.550(g)(8)(ii)
1926.550(g)(7) This meeting shall be held prior to the trial lift at each
Traveling. new work location, and shall be repeated for any
employees newly assigned to the operation.
1926.550(g)(7)(i)
Hoisting of employees while the crane is traveling is [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as
prohibited, except for portal, tower and locomotive amended at 52 FR 36382, Sept. 28, 1987; 53 FR 29139,
cranes, or where the employer demonstrates that there Aug. 2, 1988; 54 FR 15406, Apr. 18, 1989; 54 FR 24334,
is no less hazardous way to perform the work. June 7, 1989; 58 FR 35183, June 30, 1993, 59 FR 40730,
Aug. 9, 1994; 61 FR 5507, Feb. 13, 1996]
1926.550(g)(7)(ii)
Under any circumstances where a crane would
travel while hoisting personnel, the employer shall
implement the following procedures to safeguard
employees:
1926.550(g)(7)(ii)(A)
Crane travel shall be restricted to a fixed track or
runway;
1926.550(g)(7)(ii)(B)
Travel shall be limited to the load radius of the boom
used during the lift; and
1926.550(g)(7)(ii)(C)
The boom must be parallel to the direction of travel.
IMPORTANT CONTACT INFORMATION

CERTIFICATION OF CRANE OPERATORS
2750 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 505
Fairfax, VA 22031-4312
Phone: 703-560-2391
Fax: 703-560-2392
E-Mail: info@nccco.org
INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT INSTITUTE

Attention: CCO Testing
600 Cleveland Street, Suite 900
Clearwater, Florida 33755
Phone: 727-449-8525
Fax: 727-461-2746
CERTIFICATION OF CRANE OPERATORS
2750 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 505
Fairfax, VA 22031 - 4312
Phone: 703-560-2391
Fax: 703-560-2392
info@nccco.org

Rigger Reference Manual: National Commission For The Certification of Crane Operators (Cco)

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Rigger Reference Manual: National Commission For The Certification of Crane Operators (Cco)

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE

CERTIFICATION OF CRANE OPERATORS (CCO)

NCCCO Rigger Reference Manual REV 02/09

This manual has been provided as a reference source for candidates

ASME B30.10 - Hooks 3

OSHA 1910.184 - Slings 17

OSHA 1926.251 - Rigging Equipment for Material Handling 27

OSHA 1926.550 - Cranes and Derricks 35

Section 10-1 Markings and

Section 10-1.1 Markings and Construction

Section 20-1 Structural and

Section 20-1.2: Marking, Construction, and 20-1.3.3 Frequent Inspection

Section 23-1 Construction

Section 23-1.1 Design (h) Rope sling and chain sling

OSHA 1910.184 - Slings

1910.184(a) Cable laid rope is a wire rope composed of six wire

OSHA 1926.251 - Rigging

OSHA 1926.550 - Cranes and

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE

INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT INSTITUTE

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen