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CHAPTER 1
MANAGERIAL
ACCOUNTING
Chapter
1-2
Study Objectives
Chapter
1-3
Study Objectives
Chapter
1-4
Preview of Chapter
Manufacturing
Managerial Managerial Managerial
Costs in
Accounting Cost Accounting
Financial
Basics Concepts Today
Statements
Chapter
1-6
Managerial Accounting Basics
Chapter
1-7
Managerial Accounting Basics
Chapter
1-8
Managerial Accounting Basics
Chapter
1-9
Managerial Accounting Basics
Chapter
1-10
Managerial Accounting Basics
Distinguishing Features
Chapter
1-11 LO 1 Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting.
Managerial Accounting Basics
Chapter
1-12 LO 1 Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting.
Comparing Managerial and Financial Accounting
Similarities
Chapter
1-13 LO 1 Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting.
Comparing Managerial and Financial Accounting
Differences
Chapter
1-14 LO 1 Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting.
Managerial Accounting Basics
Review Question
Managerial accounting:
Chapter
1-15 LO 1 Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting.
Managerial Accounting Basics
Management Functions
Planning
Directing
Controlling
Chapter
1-16 LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.
Management Functions
Planning
Chapter
1-17 LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.
Management Functions
Directing
Chapter
1-18 LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.
Management Functions
Controlling
Chapter
1-19 LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.
Organizational Structure
Within a company, organization charts show:
The interrelationships of activities and
The delegation of authority and responsibility
Chapter
1-20
Good Ethics – Good Business
Business Ethics
All employees are expected to act ethically
An increasing number of organizations have codes
of business ethics
Despite organizational efforts:
Business scandals have caused massive
investment losses and employee layoffs.
Corporate fraud has increased 13% in last 5
years.
Employee fraud – 60% of all fraud
Intentional misstatement of financial reports
Aka financial reporting fraud is most costly
Chapter
1-21
Good Ethics – Good Business
Chapter
1-23
Management Functions
Review Question
The management of an organization performs several
broad functions. They are:
Chapter
1-24 LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.
Managerial Cost Concepts
Manufacturing Costs
Manufacturing consists of activities and processes
to convert raw materials into finished goods.
In contrast, a merchandising firm sells goods in the
form in which they were purchased.
Manufacturing costs are typically classified as:
Chapter
1-25 LO 3 – Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.
Manufacturing Costs
Materials
Raw Materials
Basic materials and parts used
in manufacturing process
Materials
Direct Materials
Raw materials that can be
physically and directly associated
with the finished productduring the
manufacturing process
Chapter
1-26 LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.
Manufacturing Costs
Materials
Indirect Materials
Raw materials that cannot be easily associated
with the finished product
Not physically part of the finished product or
they are an insignificant part of finished
product in terms of cost
Considered part of manufacturing overhead
Chapter
1-27 LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.
Manufacturing Costs
Labor
Direct Labor
Work of factory employees
that can be physically and
directly associated with
converting raw materials
into finished goods
Indirect Labor
Work of factory employees that has no
physical association with the finished product
or for which it is impractical to trace costs to
the goods produced
Chapter
1-28 LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.
Manufacturing Costs
Manufacturing Overhead
Chapter
1-29 LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.
Manufacturing Costs
Review Question
Which of the following is not an element of
manufacturing overhead?:
Chapter
1-30 LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.
Product Versus Period Costs
Product Costs
Components: direct material cost,
direct labor cost, and manufacturing
overhead
Costs that are a necessary and integral
part of producing the product
Recorded as inventory when incurred,
thus may be called inventoriable costs
Not an expense until the finished goods
inventory is sold then cost of goods sold
Chapter
1-31 LO 4 Distinguish between product and period costs.
Product Versus Period Costs
Period Costs
Matched with revenue of a specific
time period and charged to expense as
incurred
Non-manufacturing costs
Deducted from revenues in period
incurred to determine net income
Includes all selling and administrative
expenses
Chapter
1-32 LO 4 Distinguish between product and period costs.
Product Versus Period Costs
Chapter
1-33 LO 4 Distinguish between product costs and period costs.
Manufacturing Costs in Financial Statements
Income Statement
Chapter
LO 5 Explain the difference between a merchandising
1-36 and a manufacturing income statement.
Manufacturing Costs in Financial Statements
Review Question
For the year, Red Company has cost of goods
manufactured of $600,000, beginning finished
goods inventory of $200,000, and ending finished
goods inventory of $250,000.
The cost of goods sold is
a. $450,000.
b. $500,000.
c. $550,000.
d. $600,000.
Chapter
1-37 LO 5 Explain the difference between a merchandising
and a manufacturing income statement.
Manufacturing Costs in Financial Statements
Chapter
1-38 LO 6 Indicate how cost of goods manufactured is determined.
Manufacturing Costs in Financial Statements
Chapter
1-39
LO 6 Indicate how cost of goods manufactured is determined.
Manufacturing Costs in Financial Statements
Review Question
A cost of goods manufactured schedule shows
beginning and ending inventories for:
Chapter
1-42
Managerial Accounting Today
Chapter
1-43 LO 8 Identify trends in management accounting.
Managerial Accounting Today
Value Chain
Refers to all activities associated with providing a product or
service
Chapter
1-44 LO 8 Identify trends in management accounting.
Managerial Accounting Today
Managerial Accounting Practices
Technological Change
Quality
Increased emphasis on product quality because
goods are produced only as needed
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- a philosophy of zero defects –
Activity-Based-Costing (ABC)
Allocates overhead based on use of activities
Results in more accurate product costing and
scrutiny of all activities in the value chain
Chapter
1-46 LO 8 Identify trends in management accounting.
Managerial Accounting Today
Managerial Accounting Practices
Theory of Constraints
Constraints (“bottlenecks” ) limit the company’s
potential profitability
A specific approach to identify and manage these
constraints in order to achieve company goals
Balanced Scorecard
Evaluates operations in an integrated fashion
Uses both financial and non-financial measures
Links performance measures to overall company
objectives
Chapter
1-47 LO 8 Identify trends in management accounting.
Managerial Accounting Today
Review Question
Which of the following managerial accounting techniques
attempts to allocate manufacturing overhead in a more
meaningful manner?
a. Just-in-time inventory.
b. Total-quality management.
c. Balanced scorecard.
d. Activity-based costing.
Chapter
1-48 LO 8 Identify trends in management accounting.
All About You
Outsourcing and Jobs
To reduce costs and remain competitive many companies
are turning to outsourcing
“Outsourcing means hiring an outside supplier to
provide elements of a product rather than producing
them internally”
While outsourcing can be to another provider within the
U.S., many professional services as well as
manufacturing jobs have become candidates for
outsourcing to foreign providers
By 2015, it has been predicted that 3.3 million service
jobs will have been outsourced offshore.
Chapter
1-49
All About You
Outsourcing and Jobs – What do you think?
Do you think outsourcing really reduces costs?
____________
Product a. Manufacturing overhead
____________
Period b. Selling expenses
____________
Period c. Administrative expenses
____________
Period d. Advertising expense
____________
Product e. Direct labor
____________
Product f. Direct material
Chapter
1-52
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without
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responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the
use of these programs or from the use of the information
contained herein.
Chapter
1-53