3.1 Control Descriptions

Asiakirjan nimi - Name of Document Tunniste - Identification Rev.
CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2
Osasto - Department Kohde - Subject Sivu - Page
Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 1 (35)

Systems CFB MULTIFUEL BOILER
P. T. RIAU PRIMA ENERGI

Pulp & Paper, Indonesia
283 RAPP PB 3
Power Boiler CFB
Description for
I N S T R. C O N T R O L D I A G R A M S
2 2005 - 05 - 10 E. Karru
Muut. Pvm Laatinut Pvm Tarkastanut Pvm Hyväksynyt
Rev. Date Prepared by Date Reviewed by Date Approved by
KLY-1 1997-05 P:\582-RAPP-PB3\int\Kayttoonotto\koulutus\Training Manuals\Folder 1\3.1 Control
descriptions.doc
This document is the exclusive intellectual property of Kvaerner Power Oy and is furnished for the sole purpose of operating and maintaining of the specific project, and re-use of the document for any other project or
purpose is prohibited. The document or the information shall not be reproduced or copied, or disclosed to a third party without prior written consent of Kvaerner Power Oy.
© Kvaerner Power Oy, Tampere, Finland 2005

Osasto - Department Kohde – Subject Sivu - Page

1. FEEDWATER TANK PRESSURE page 03
Tank pressure is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
2. FEEDWATER TANK LEVEL page 04
2.1 Tank level is measured with three DP-transmitters. For the level control
operator can select a signal from one separate transmitter or average value
of all the correct transmitters.
Normally the level control should be selected to the average signal. If a signal
fault occurs, the selection is changed anyway automatically to the average
signal of the correct transmitters.
Feedwater tank level is controlled with make-up water valve. When level
limit L>max is valid, the make-up water valve closes.
2.2 There is a own level control for overflow valve. Level measurement 0..100 %
is calculated part of tank's upper side. Set-point should be 50 % and gain
(P-parameter) so calibrated that output is 100 % when measurement is 100 %
and output is 0 % when the measurement is 0 %.
Overflow valve opens anyway 100 % by a level switch L>max max.
2.3 Level limits L>min are for feedwater pump interlocks and level limits L<max
are for tank filling interlocks.
3. FEEDWATER PUMP / SUCTION STRAINER page 05

PRESSURE DIFFERENCE
Corresponding FW pump stops by high DP.
4. FEEDWATER LINE PRESSURE page 06
There is two pressure limit P>min

- lower limit for fw-pump start-condition
- higher limit for res. pump control


5. DRUM LEVEL AND FEEDWATER FLOW page 07
5.1 The drum level is measured with three DP-transmitters. Level signals are
connected to the BMS-cabinet for interlocks L>min and L<max.
For the level control (DCS), operator can select pressure compensated signal
from one separate transmitter or average value of all the correct transmitters.
Normally the level control should be selected to the average signal. If a signal
fault occurs, the selection is changed anyway automatically to the average
signal of the correct transmitters.
5.2 Feedwater flow control is set to Remote & Auto by operator and the level
control gives set-point to the flow control. The level control can be at Man or
Auto mode, operator's choice.
Steam flow is connected to the level controller's output, it means that the
feedwater flow control will follow the steam flow and the level control has a
correction influence. With this connection, steam flow variations will be noted
in the feedwater flow and the level in the drum should be more stable.
When feedwater flow control is selected to Local-mode, level control is forced

to the Man-mode and output is updated so, that it is same as flow control's set-
point (bumpless change when FIC is selected to Remote).
5.3 There is a valve selection for operator and own hand-stations for both valves.
At the same time only one valve can be selected to the control.
When feedwater shut-off valve is closed, the corresponding hand-station is

released for operator and so the valve operation can be checked before the
possible change.
If necessary, the change is possible to do during boiler operation, because the
U U
"new" selected valve will get exactly same signal as the "old" valve. When the
selection is done, the "old" valve closes (shut-off valve not close) at the same
time when the "new" valve will continue with control. Of course the feedwater
flow will decrease temporary but the flow will rise to normal before boiler trip
from low drum level.


5.4 When the level increases to the interlock limit L>max, the feedwater valve is
interlocked to close after 10s delay. FIC's control mode does not change with
the interlock, because the level control must be active when the level decreases
below the interlock limit (time delay to the boiler trip, see interlocking dwg).
>> 6. DRUM PRESSURE page 08
The drum pressure is measured with three transmitters. Pressure signals

are connected to the BMS-cabinet for interlocks P>min, interlock is o.k when
2 of 3 limits indicate P>min.
Average signal is connected to the drum level compensation and steam temp.
control.
There are the following pressure limits:

- P>min, burners and fluidized bed interlocks
- P>max, cyclones water circulation valves
- P>max, drum drain valves
7. STEAM TEMPERATURE pages 09, 10
7.1 After the first spray cambers (1, 2) there is temperature loops with Local
and Remote selections, when cascade (Remote) is selected:
- remote set-point is coming from the temperature loop after sec. superheating
- there is a max-selector so, that the set-point is limited to the minimum heating
(saturated steam temperature is based on the drum pressure + 20 C)
7.2 Temperature control loops after secondary superheating can be selected to

Local or Remote, when cascade (Remote) is selected:
- remote set-point is based on the temperature difference across the second
spray chambers as follows:
Operator can set desired temp. difference across the spray chamber.
Sum of actual temperature after the chamber + operator's delta T =
temp. before the chamber (=set-point can be compared with the
measurement)
- there is sec. max-temp. limiting for the Remote set-point


7.3 After the second spray cambers (3, 4) there is temperature loops with Local
and Remote selections, when cascade (Remote) is selected:
- remote set-point is coming from the temperature loop after tert. superheating
7.4 Temperature control loops after tertiary superheating can be selected to

Local or Remote, when cascade (Remote) is selected:
- remote set-point is coming from common final temperature settting
7.5 Parameters will slide according to the steam flow, control action will be faster
when the steam flow rises.
8. MAIN STEAM VALVE AND STEAM DRUM DRAIN VALVE page 11
8.1 Main steam valve is interlocked to close if opening permission from by-pass
valve is not o.k or drum level L>max has been valid over 10 min
8.2 Steam drum drain valve is interlocked to close if opening permission from
on-off valve is not o.k or drum pressure P>max is valid.
9. MAIN STEAM FLOW page 12
Start-up steam flow is estimated with a curve, based on the valve position
and the steam pressure.
There is a damping for the sootblowing steam flow, because the flow is
based on the sootblower's start/stop operation.
The total steam flow is connected to the other loops as shown in the
diagram.
Boiler's total power calculation is based on the main steam flow.


10. PRINCIPLE DIAGRAM, MAIN STEAM PRESSURE CONTROL page 13

AND SOLID FUEL FEEDING
10.1 Main steam pressure control gives set-point values to all solid fuel feeding
motors via ratio set bark / coal.
10.2 There is a common M/A-selection for bark feeding and a common M/A-
selection for coal feeding.
This means that with a special situation whole bark feeding or whole coal
feeding can be controlled manually with one setting.
10.2 Each bark feeding group has own M/A-selection

- Bark 1 for solid fuel feeding 1, front wall
- Bark 2 for solid fuel feeding 2, "
- Bark 3 for solid fuel feeding 3, rear wall (= bark silo 2 reclaimer)
This means that with a special situation each bark feeding group can be
controlled separately with own manual setting.
10.3 Each coal feeding group has own M/A-selection

- Coal conveyor 1 for solid fuel feeding 1, front wall
- Coal conveyor 2 for solid fuel feeding 2, "
- Coal conveyor 3 for solid fuel feeding 3, rear wall
- Coal conveyor 4 " "
This means that with a special situation each coal feeding group can be
controlled separately with own manual setting.
10.4 Set-point for bark silo 1 = sum of Bark 1 and Bark 2.
10.5 Set-point for solid fuel feeding 1 = sum of Bark 1 and Coal 1
10.6 Set-point for solid fuel feeding 2 = sum of Bark 2 and Coal 2
10.7 Set-point for solid fuel feeding 3 = sum of Bark 3 and Coal 3 & 4
10.8 Normally when all selections are at Auto-mode, the speed of all motors
will follow the output from main steam pressure control (PIC eitherAuto
or Man-mode).
Details are shown in corresponding diagrams.



11. MAIN STEAM, PRESSURE CONTROL page 14A
11.1 The main steam pressure is measured with three transmitters.
For the pressure control, operator can select one separate transmitter or
average value of all the correct transmitters.
Normally the pressure control should be selected to the average signal.

If a signal fault occurs, the selection is changed anyway automatically to the
average signal of the correct transmitters.
11.2 Main steam pressure is kept in a suitable value with the solid fuel amount.
The pressure control is limited as follows:
1. The output can not increase if any of the following conditions is valid
- main steam flow F>max
- flue gas fan 1 speed >95 %
- flue gas fan 2 speed >95 %
2. The control is forced to Man-mode and the output is limited as above so

long as total power limiting or combustion air limiting is valid for any solid
U U U U
fuel group
3. The control is interlocked to Man-mode and output to 0 % when all fuel

conveyors 1, 2 and 3 are stopped
4. The control can be selected to Auto-mode when inside any feeding group
all M/A-selections are selected to Auto-mode and last motor in same group
is running = there is real possibility for pressure control
5. The control output will increase 15 % with failure stop of any fuel conveyor
1..3 when any fuel conveyor 1..3 is still running
11.3 There is a hand-station for BARK ratio set adjustment. With a factor 1,0 the
bark part will be 100 % and Coal part 0 %. With the factor <1,0 the bark part
will decrease and the coal part will increase so that with the factor 0,0 the bark
part is 0 % and the coal part is 100 %.


12. BARK FEEDING AND COAL FEEDING pages 14B..D
12.1 Each feeding group has a own ratio set correction possibility and a hand-station
with M/A-selection.
The feeding set-point must be interlocked to the last feeding motor's run-status
because otherwise there can be set-point commands for common motors
without real supply.
When the last feeding motor stops, the M/A-station is set to Man-mode (pulse)
and so the last feeding set-point stays valid for corresponding running motors U U
so long that conveyors/screws are empty (delay eg 40 s). After that delay, the
>> M/A-station set-point is set to 0 % by a pulse. So new feeding start will happen
with Man-mode and minimum speed. Or before new start, operator can set
controls to Auto-mode if necessary.
Also signal to air demand will follow the corresponding feeding set-point.
When corresponding last feeding motor is running, the speed set-point is given at
the same time all motors inside same feeding group, by the main steam pressure
control or by operator (Man-mode).
Example Bark Feeding 1 when silo 1 reclaimer is running:

- speed set-point for bark silo 1 reclaimer (sum of Bark 1 and Bark 2)
- speed set-point for bark conveyor 1 (sum of Bark 1 and Bark 2)
- speed set-point for mixing screw 1 (sum of Bark 1 and Coal 1)
- speed set-point for fuel conveyor 1 (sum of Bark 1 and Coal 1)
- speed set-point for metering screws 1..3 (sum of Bark 1 and Coal 1)
When the feeding set-point increases, there is a min-selectors so that "upper"

motor speed can not increase before "lower" motor (see corresponding motor
speed diagrams).
The feeding set-point decrases without any limitings.
12.2 The Coal Feeding 3 and 4 are limited so much as the capacity of the mixing
screw 3 exceed 420 m3/h.


12.3 Power or combustion air limiting
>> Each feeding group has a min-selector for Total Power/Solid Fuel/Combustion
Air limiting.
When the limiting has been valid 10 s, there is a status and alarm indication
for operator and the main steam pressure control is forced to Man-mode with
output limiting so long as the power or air limiting is valid (see 11.2.3).
>> 12.4 Solid fuel limiting
Total power limiting is valid when all fans are running. When one or more fan(s)
is stopped (by a failure or by operator), the total power limiting is replaced by
solid fuel limiting (see point 14.5).
When the solid fuel limiting is activated, and in trip moment the calculated solid
fuel power is higher than limiting value, so at the same time all hand-stations
of corresponding feeding groups are set to Man-mode (1) by a pulse and "old"
output value is corrected with correction factor and the new (corrected) value is
set to hand-station's set-point.
With correction, the solid fuel feeding volume decreases without any delay with
same factor in every running feeding groups.
(1) Some hand-stations can be already at Man-mode when solid fuel limiting
is activated.
Because the hand-stations of all feeding groups are set to Man-mode, the main
steam pressure control is also set to Man-mode because control possibility is
lost (see page 11.2.4).
13. POWER CALCULATION page 14E
13.1 TOTAL power calculation and monitoring is based on the main steam flow
including so oil power and solid fuel power.
OIL power is based on the oil consumption of burners
COAL power is based on the speed of coal conveyors.


Solid fuel power (bark + coal) = total power minus oil power
BARK power = solid fuel power minus coal power
There is also %-display for BARK and COAL parts from sum of both powers.
13.2 Power signal to Bark Air curves.

Bark air curves are based on the max-value of the following signals:
- calculated bark power
- bark feeding set-points (when corresponding fuel conveyor is running)
- speed signals from bark silo 1 reclaimer and bark silo 2 reclaimer
13.3 Power signal to Coal Air curves.

Coal air curves are based on the max-values of the following signals:
- calculated coal power
- coal feeding set-points (when corresponding fuel conveyors is running)
13.5 Limestone feeding is based on the speed of coal conveyors.
>> 14. POWER AND COMBUSTION AIR LIMITING page 14F
>> 14.1 There is a fixed total power value for a "blind" controller. Normally (all fans
running), when the total power is lower than the fixed value, the output of
controller is 100 % and not any solid fuel feeding limiting.
If the total power is higher than the fixed value, the output will decrease and
the limiting of solid fuel feeding will start from highest group. The limiting will
continue so long that the total power decreases to allowed level.
14.2 There is a fixed combustion air minimum value for a "blind" controller.
Normally when the real combustion air flow is higher than remote set-point sum
of combustion air flow controls, the output of controller is 100 % and not any
solid fuel limiting.
If the balance between real air flow/remote set-points is lower than the fixed
value, the output will decrease and the limiting of solid fuel feeding will start
from highest group. Because combustion air curves are based on the solid fuel
amount, the limiting will continue so long that there is allowed balance between
the real combustion air flow and remote set-points.
There are calculated %-part displays for each air flow compared to total fresh
air flow.


>> 14.3 Oil burning power is limited when only one sec. air fan is running (14.6).
See point 11.2 for limiting indication.
>> 14.4 Solid fuel power limiting
When the solid fuel limiting is activated, the total power limiting is replaced
by a "blind" solid fuel controller. Fixed set-points 370 MW or 210 MW are
based to the status of running fans (see 14.5).
Reset to normal total power monitoring happens when all the fans are again
running.
If the solid fuel power is higher than the corresponding fixed value, the output
will decrease and the limiting of solid fuel feeding will start from highest group.
The limiting will continue so long that the solid fuel power decreases to allowed
level.
>> 14.5 FAN STATUS AND POWER LIMITING page 14K
Normally when all of the fans are running, the solid fuel limiting is reseted and
the total power monitoring is activated (pulse).
A When one flue gas fan stops or one primary air fan stops, the solid fuel
limiting 210 MW (40 %) is activated by a pulse as following
- if the solid fuel power in trip moment is higher than that 210 MW
- hand-stations of every solid fuel feeding groups are set to Man-
mode and set-points are corrected as point 12.4
(= solid fuel feeding volume decreases without any delay)
Correction factor = 210 MW per actual solid fuel power
- after 1 min delay (calculated main steam power is decreased),
the 210 MW set-point is given to the "blind" solid fuel controller
and at the same time the total power monitoring is replaced by
solid fuel monitoring
- if the solid fuel power in trip moment is lower than that 210 MW
- only 210 MW set-point is given to "blind" solid fuel controller
and at the same time the total power monitoring is replaced by
solid fuel monitoring


B When one sec. air fan stops but both flue gas fans are running and both
primary air fans are running
Similar principle as above but solid fuel limiting value is 370 MW (70 %).
C Oil power is limited to 150 MW when only one sec.air fan is running.
>> 14.6 OIL POWER LIMITING page 14L
There is a"blind" controller with fixed set-point 150 MW.
Normally when both sec. air fans are running, the measurement is zero and
output is 100 %.
When only one sec. air fan is running, measurement is released to calculated
oil power. If the oil power is higher than the fixed value, the output will decrease
so long that oil flow (power) to running burners decreases to allowed level.
Limiting is reseted when both sec. air fans are again running.
15. SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION AIR page 14G
15.1 Primary air.
There is a own air curve for bark and coal. Primary air demand is a sum of
both curves.
For operator there is a hand-station for ratio set correction and a hand-station
for balance setting between LEFT and rigt primary air flow.
Balance setting; with a correction factor 1,0 same signal is given to both air
flow controls. If the correction factor is <1,0 signal to the LEFT air flow control
will decrease and signal to the RIGHT air flow control will increase. Vice versa
when the factor is >1,0.


15.2 Total air.
There is a own air curve for bark and coal. Total air demand is a sum of
both curves
There is a hand station for total air correction by operator. The total air demand
is also corrected by oxygen control.
15.3 Lower secondary air
There is a own air curve for bark and coal. Lower sec. air demand is a sum of
both curves.
For operator there is a hand-station for ratio set correction and a hand-station
for balance setting between FRONT and rear lower sec. air flow.
Balance setting; with a correction factor 1,0 same signal is given to both air
flow controls. If the correction factor is <1,0 signal to the FRONT air flow control
will decrease and signal to the REAR air flow control will increase. Vice versa
when the factor is >1,0.
15.4 Upper secondary air
Upper secondary air flow control's remote set-point is a signal from total air
demand minus real primary air and real lower sec. air.
For operator there is a hand-station for balance setting between RIGHT (must)
and left (rest) upper sec. air flow. Balance setting; with a correction factor 1,0
the right flow will be 100 % and the left flow will be 0 %. With the factor <1,0 the
right flow will decrease and the left flow will increase.
16. COMBUSTION AIR CURVES pages 14H..J
Air curves as shown in corresponding diagrams.


17. SOOTBLOWING STEAM PRESSURE page 15
There is a Ramp-control to avoid a pressure chock in the sootblowing and

drainage pipes. Valve control is interlocked so, that the valve must be open
always with Ramp, see description in the drawing.
Pressure control operates with the sootblowing sequence control,

see "Description for Sootblowing Automation".
Sootblowing steam flow is connected to the total steam flow calculation.
18. SOOTBLOWING DRAINAGE TEMPERATURE page 16
The drainage temperature limit T>min is connected to the sootblowing

system. Drainage valve control operates with the sootblowing.
19. CONTINUOUS BLOWDOWN TANK LEVEL page 17
Tank level is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
20. BLOWDOWN TANK TEMPERATURE page 18
Overflow temperature from tank is kept in a suitable value with this

control loop.
Cooling water on-off valve opens (Auto-mode) and stay open so long than
temperature from tank is T>max.
21. CHEMICAL PUMP SPEED page 19
There is a hand-station for corresponding pump's speed control.

Speed signal to the pump is interlocked to 0 % when the corresponding
pump stops.
>>


22. PRIMARY AIR PRESSURE page 20
Primary air pressure is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
Speed signal to the fan is interlocked to 0 % when the corresponding

fan stops.
Fan vane close-limits are for start-condition of the corresponding fan.
23. PRIMARY AIR TEMPERATURE page 21
Primary air temperature is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
The temperature control can be selected to Remote-mode as operator's

choice. Remote set-point is based on the calculated value according to
bark and coal amount curves and min-temperature of flue gas.
Steam valve closes when both primary air fans are stopped.
24. PRIMARY AIR FLOW page 22
When both fans are started, flow control damper's interlocks are released
after starting delay and the flow controls are set to Remote & Auto-mode
automatically by a pulse.
The remote set-points are coming from the primary air curve via balance
setting left/right.
Boiler purge:
- dampers close, FIC to Man-mode (Local) and output to 0 %
- after the purge, FIC are set again to Remote & Auto (pulse) and FIC are
released to normal control
The dampers close when the any fan stops.
Air flow limits F>min must be valid for the fluidized bed interlock and burners.


25. SECONDARY AIR PRESSURE page 23
Secondary air pressure is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
When the Boiler Emergency Stop (ES) is pushed

- PIC is forced to Man-mode and output to ES speed
- when ES is released, operator can selected PIC to desired control mode

fan stops.
26. LOWER SECONDARY AIR FLOW, FRONT WALL page 24
When any fan is started, the flow control is set to Remote & Auto-mode
The remote set-point is coming from the lower sec. air curve via balance
setting front/rear.
Boiler purge:
- damper closes, FIC to Man-mode (Local) and output to 0 %
- after the purge, FIC is set again to Remote & Auto (pulse) and FIC is

- FIC is forced to Man-mode and output to ES position
- when ES is released, operator can selected FIC to desired control mode
The damper closing is minimum limited (cooling).
27. LOWER SECONDARY AIR FLOW, REAR WALL page 25
Similar principle with front wall, see point 26.


28. UPPER SECONDARY AIR FLOW, LEFT WALL page 26
When any fan is started, the flow control is set to Remote & Auto-mode
The remote set-point is coming from the upper sec. air calculation via coal
amount correction.
Boiler purge:
- damper is set to purge position, FIC to Man-mode (Local) and output to
same value as purge position
- after the purge, FIC is set again to Remote & Auto (pulse) and FIC is
The flow limit F>50 % must be valid with boiler purge

- FIC is forced to Man-mode and output to ES position
- when ES is released, operator can selected FIC to desired control mode
The damper closing is minimum limited (cooling).
29. UPPER SECONDARY AIR FLOW, RIGHT WALL page 27
Similar principle with left wall, see point 28.
30. START BURNER 1, AIR FLOW page 28
When a sequence is started for the start burner:

- flow control is set to Remote & Auto (pulse)
- there is a minimum air flow limiting for the burner interlocks
- during starting, ignition value is added to the set-point, start/ignition is
released when the burner is running
- remote set-point will follow the oil flow and operator has an oil/air ratio
correction
The flow limit F>min must be valid for the burner interlocks.


When the burner stops, FIC is set to the Man-mode and output to stop
value by pulse (= burner is stopped but control is free for operator).
Boiler purge:
- damper is set to the purge position, FIC to Man-mode and output to
the purge value
- after the purge, FIC stays at Man-mode and damper is set back to the
stop value by pulse
The flow limit F>50 % must be valid with boiler purge.
31. LP-steam flow to feedwater tank page 29
The steam flow to feedwater tank is a calculated value as shown in the

diagram.
32. FURNACE PRESSURE page 30
The furnace pressure is measured with three transmitters. Pressure signals

are connected to the BMS-cabinet for interlocks P<max, interlock is o.k when
2 of 3 limits indicate P<max.
For the preesure control, operator can select signal from one separate
transmitter or average value of all the correct transmitters.
Normally the pressure control should be selected to the average signal. If a

signal fault occurs, the selection is changed anyway automatically to the
average signal of the correct transmitters.
I.D. fan speed is controlled by operator or by the furnace pressure control

when the corresponding M/A-station is selected to Auto-mode.
Controller's output is limited so that there is always a minimum speed.
When the fan stops, the corresponding speed control signal is set to 0 %.


33. FLUE GAS O2-CONTROL page 31
The O2-control can be at Local or Remote mode, operator's choice.
When Remote control is selected, RSP is based on the O2-curve according

to the main steam flow (boiler load).
Controller's measurement is selected by operator, one of the transmitters

or the average of all measurements.
When a measurement loop fault occurs, alarm and the selection is changed
automatically to the average value of correct transmitters.
Flue gas oxygen control gives a correction to the total air demand signal.
Flue gas CO<max must be valid for the Electro Static Precipitators (ESP).
34. FLUE GAS PRESSURE BEFORE I.D. FAN page 32
Corresponding I.D. fan stops by low pressure.
35. FLUO SEALS, AIR PRESSURE page 33
Fluo seal air pressure is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.

fan stops.
Pressure limit P>min is for starting of the stand-by blower.
36. FLUO SEALS AIR FLOW page 34
Fluo seal air flow is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
Air flow F>min must be valid for Boiler Main Interlock.
Air damper closes when both blowers are stopped.


37. CONDENSATE TANK LEVEL page 35
Tank level is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
Level limits and output limit of control are for pump control.
Level control valve closes when the pump stops
38. FLUIDIZED BED TEMPERATURE page 36
Each temperature measurement has an own temp. indication and temp.

difference indication between the lowest and the highest measurement.
Alarm if TD>max.
All calculated average values are based on the measurements of correct

temp. elements as following
- average of 3 max temperature
- average of 3 min temperature
With the bed cooling, flue gas recirculation flow is controlled by a curve.
Operator can set the desired reference temperature and the curve is based
on the difference between operator's value and the average of 3 max value.
Temperature limits as shown in the diagram.
39. FLUIDIZED BED HEIGHT page 37
Bed height (solid bed part and full bed) is a calculated value as shown in
the diagram.
40. FLUE GAS, RECIRCULATION PRESSURE page 38
When the fan starts:

- PIC stays at Man-mode and output is set to minimum position
- after starting dealy and when the pressure limit P>min is reached;
- PIC is released to same control mode as before stop (Man or Auto)
- if Man-mode was valid, the output stays in min-value for operator
- if Auto-mode was valid, the control starts with damper in minimum
position


Pressure limit P>min is for on-off damper and the control as above.
When the fan stops, the control is interlocked to Man-mode and output to 0 %
Fan vane close-limit is a starting condition of the fan.
41. FLUE GAS, RECIRCULATION FLOW page 39
When the fan starts:

- outlet damper of the fan opens (Auto-mode)
- after starting delay when the outlet damper is open; both flow controls
are set to Remote & Auto by a pulse and normal control is released
>> Remote set-point is coming from recirculation gas curve via balance setting
left/right.
When the fan stops, the both controls are interlocked to Man-mode and
output to 10 %
42 BARK SILO 1 RECLAIMER page 40
There is a hand-station for ratio set adjustment and a hand-station with

M/A-selection.
When Auto-mode is selected, the Remote set-point is a sum of Bark 1

and Bark 2 feeding.
Maximum speed set-point is min-limited as follows:

- bark conveyor 1 capacity
- sum capacity of fuel conveyors 1 and 2 is needed because minimum capacity
of mix screw 1 gives always permission for 50 m3/h, so the capacity sum of
fuel conveyors 1 and 2 is a master
The speed set-point is also corrected by the level control under the silo.
Speed signal to the reclaimer is interlocked to 0 % when the motor stops.


43. BARK CONVEYOR 1 page 41

M/A-selection.

and Bark 2 feeding.

- sum capacity of metering screw 1 and mix screw 1
(in the mix screw 1 capacity is noted also coal 1 amount, minus)
Speed signal to the conveyor is interlocked to 0 % when the motor stops.
44. COAL CONVEYOR 1 page 42
Ratio set and M/A-station is shown in corresponding coal feeding diagram.

- mix screw 1 capacity minus 50 % of bark conveyor 1 capacity
45. MIXING SCREW 1 page 43

M/A-selection.

and Coal 1 feeding.

- capacity of fuel conveyor 1
Speed signal to the screw is interlocked to 0 % when the motor stops.


46. FUEL CONVEYOR 1 AND METERING SCREWS 1..3 page 44
46.1 Fuel conveyor 1.

M/A-selection.

and Coal 1 feeding.

- sum capacity of metering screws 1..3
Minimum speed is max-limited as follows

- if the bark conveyor 1 is started, minimum capacity is 35 m3/h (minimum
supply from bark conveyor), this minimum limiting will decrease with capacity
of metering screw 10 (supply to fuel conveyor 2)
46.2 Metering screws.
Each metering screw has a own hand-station for ratio set adjustment and
a hand-station with M/A-selection.

and Coal 1 feeding.
Failure operations:
U
Speed set-point corrections happens only when the corresponding hand-

stations are at Auto-mode.
The signal adding is reseted when the corresponding failure stopped motor
starts again or it motor stops where the signal was added.
1 If the metering screw 1 stops by a failure

- speed set-point from stopped metering screw 1 is added to running
metering screws; 50 % to metering screw 2 and 50 % to metering screw 3



The speed of metering screws 1 and 2 is also corrected by level control

of metering screw 3.
When the metering screw 3 stops, the level control i set to Man-mode and
output to 50 % (= 1,0 not any correction) by a pulse. The level control will
be selected to Auto-mode again by operator.
Speed signal to the metering screws is interlocked to 0 % when the corres-

ponding motor stops.
47. METERING SCREWS 1 AND 2, FAILURE LOGIC page 45
Operation as point 46.2.
48. METERING SCREW 10 page 46

M/A-selection.
When Auto-mode is selected, the Remote set-point is coming from Bark 2

feeding.

- mixing screw 2 capacity minus coal conveyor 2 capacity
Minimum speed set-point is max-limited as follows

- if the mixing screw 1 is not running, minimum capacity is 35 m3/h
(minimum supply from bark conveyor 1)



- mix screw 2 capacity minus metering screw 10 capacity

M/A-selection.

and Coal 2 feeding.


M/A-selection.

and Coal 2 feeding.

Minimum speed is max-limited as follows

- if the bark conveyor 1 is started, minimum capacity is 35 m3/h (minimum
supply from bark conveyor), this minimum limiting will decrease with capacity
of mixing screw 1 (supply to fuel conveyor 1)



and Coal 2 feeding.
Failure operations:
U



The speed of metering screws 4 and 5 is also corrected by level control

of metering screw 6.



53. BARK SILO 2 RECLAIMER page 51
Ratio set and M/A-station is shown in corresponding bark feeding diagram.

- bark conveyor 2 capacity
- fuel conveyor 3 capacity, because the mix screw 3 gives always permission
for 80 m3/h, so fuel conveyor 3 is a master
.
The speed set-point is also corrected by the level control under the silo and
by a level control of metering screw 9.
Speed signal to the reclaimer is interlocked to 0 % when the motor stops.
54. BARK CONVEYOR 2 page 52

M/A-selection.
When Auto-mode is selected, the Remote set-point is coming from Bark 3

feeding.

- mixing screw 3 capacity
The speed set-point is also corrected by a level control of metering screw 9.
Maximum speed set-point limiting as point 12.2.


Maximum speed set-point limiting as point 12.2.

M/A-selection.

and Coal 3 & 4 feeding.


M/A-selection.





Failure operations:
U




60. BARK SILO TURNING MOTOR TORQUE page 58
There is a common hand-station for both motors.
Speed signal is interlocked to 0 % when the corresponding motor stops.


61. METERING SCREW FUEL DAMPERS page 59
There is a hand-station for operator.
The fuel damper is set to preset positions by a pulse as follows:

- full open with bark feeding
- 30 % open if coal feeding only
62. HEAVY OIL DAY TANK LEVEL page 60
The level limits are for:

- L>max, oil filling stop
- L<min, oil filling start
- L<min, oil pumps stop and tank warming stop
63. HEAVY OIL PUMPING TEMPERATURE page 61
>> The heavy oil temperature is kept in a suitable value with this control loop,
either by steam heaters or electric heater, according to operator's selection.
>> The valves close and signal to electric heater is set to 0 % when both oil pumps
are stopped.
64. HEAVY OIL PUMPING PRESSURE page 62
The heavy oil pressure is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
65. DIESEL OIL DAY TANK LEVEL page 63

- L>max, oil filling stop
- L<min, oil filling start
- L<min, oil pumps stop


66. DIESEL OIL PUMPING PRESSURE page 64
The diesel oil pressure is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
67. HEAVY OIL TEMPERATURE page 65
Heavy oil temperature limit T>min must be valid for burners when
heavy oil is selected.
68. BURNERS, ATOMIZING AND INSTR. AIR PRESSURE page 66
Pressure air, MP-steam and instr. air pressure limits P>min must be valid
for burners.
69. IGNITION GAS PRESSURE page 67
Ign. gas pressure limits P>min and P<max must be valid for igniters
and starting of burners.
70. START BURNER 1, OIL PRESSURE AND FLOW page 68
70.1 Oil pressure is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
Oil pressure limit P>min and P<max must be valid for burner interlock.
To avoid a pressure drop with starting, valve position will increase for
a certain time (pulse) when heavy oil is selected.
70.2 There is one special situation with diesel oil selection and burner starting:
- return oil valve closes when diesel oil is selected
- before starting, there must be oil pressure P>min and P<max
- when start happens with diesel oil:
- operator must set pressure control to Man-mode and oil valve to
ignition position, eg. 40 % open
- when the burner is running, operator can set the pressure control
to desired control mode


70.3 When the return oil valve is closed, oil flow signal is given to
- air flow control
- oil flow calculation
>> 70.4 If the oil limiting is on, and oil power of running burners will exceed the fixed
value, the output of "blind" controller will decrease the oil valve positions
(from highest value first) so long that sum of oil power is in allowed level.
When the valve position is limited, status information to operator and the oil
pressure control is forced to Man-mode. When the limiting is off, the pressure
control is released to same control mode as before limiting.
71. START BURNERS OIL FLOW CALCULATION page 69

There is own oil flow consumption indicators and counters for heavy oil
and diesel oil.
72. BOTTOM ASH REMOVAL, TEMPERATURE page 70

Each ash chute has own metal temp. measurement.
The temp. limit T<max must be valid for bottom ash removal conditions.
73. BOTTOM ASH, SCREW SPEED page 71

There is a hand-station for speed control set-point.
Speed signal is interlocked to 0 % when the corresponding motor stops.
>> Sum of speed set-points is given to speed control of bottom ash drag conveyor.
74. BOTTOM ASH, DRAG CONVEYOR SPEED page 72

>> There is a hand-station for speed control set-point, minimum speed is based
on the sum of speed set-points from ash screws (if necessary, operator can set
higher speed).
Speed signal is interlocked to 0 % when the motor stops.


75. COOLING WATER TANK LEVEL page 73

- L>max, filling water valve close (and open when L<max)
- L<min, pump stop
76. COOLING WATER FLOW page 74
In the common cooling water line is a flow limit F>min for monitoring
(alarm only) of the bottom ash cooling heat exchanger.
77. METAL TEMPERATURE page 75
There is an average calculation for each metal temperature groups.
78. MOTOR WINDING TEMPERATURE page 76
>> The motor winding temperature must be T<max.
79. BEARING TEMPERATURE page 77A
The bearing temperature must be T<max.
79. MOTOR BEARING TEMPERATURE page 77B
The bearing temperature must be T<max.
80. LIMESTONE DRYING page 78

HEATER BURNER TEMPERATURE
The temp. limit T<max must be valid for limestone heater.


>> 81. LIMESTONE DRYING page 79

IGNITION GAS PRESSURE
>> The pressure limit P>min must be valid for starting of limestone
heater burner.

LIMESTONE TEMPERATURE FROM MILL
Temperature is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.
>> Temp. control will operate according to the burner status as following:
- after 5s from burner stop, the control is forced to Man-mode and output
is set to ignition value, eg. 40 % (waiting for start)
- after 10s delay when the burner is running, the control is set to Auto-mode
by a pulse and the control is free for operator, at Auto-mode the control output
is minimum limited so that the burner flame does not go out.
Temp. limit T>min is for mill condition when heating is used.

Temp. limit T<max is for heater burner operation

EXHAUST TEMPERATURE TO FILTER
Temp. limit T<max must be valid for filter operation.

VIBRATORY FEEDER SPEED
There is a hand-station for speed control set-point.
Speed signal is interlocked to 0 % when the vibratory feeder motor stops.



MILL POWER
Mill power is kept in a suitable value by speed control of mill feeder.
Speed signal is interlocked to 0 % when the feeder motor stops.
86. LIMESTONE FEEDING AIR PRESSURE page 84
Feeding air pressure P>min must be valid for limestone feeding.
87. FLUE GAS SO2 IN STACK page 85
There are three limestone feeding screws with own V.F.D.-motors.
Limestone feeding is based on the coal amount. For operator there is:
- hand-station with A/M-selection
- hand-station for ratio set correction.
- SO2 control with limited correction influence
When the M/A-hand station is selected to Auto-mode; the screw speed will
follow the coal amount and corrected with SO2-control (Auto-mode) and
corrected with ratio set by operator.
The M/A-hand station in Man-mode; operator can set desired screw speed.
Speed signal is interlocked to 0 % when the corresponding feeding screw

stops.

3.1 Control Descriptions

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

3.1 Control Descriptions

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Asiakirjan nimi - Name of Document Tunniste - Identification Rev.

CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2

Osasto - Department Kohde - Subject Sivu - Page

Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 1 (35)

P. T. RIAU PRIMA ENERGI

© Kvaerner Power Oy, Tampere, Finland 2005

CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2

Osasto - Department Kohde – Subject Sivu - Page

Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 2 (35)

1. FEEDWATER TANK PRESSURE page 03

Tank pressure is kept in a suitable value with this control loop.

2. FEEDWATER TANK LEVEL page 04

Overflow valve opens anyway 100 % by a level switch L>max max.

3. FEEDWATER PUMP / SUCTION STRAINER page 05

Corresponding FW pump stops by high DP.

4. FEEDWATER LINE PRESSURE page 06

There is two pressure limit P>min

© Kvaerner Power Oy, Tampere, Finland 2005

CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2

Osasto - Department Kohde – Subject Sivu - Page

Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 3 (35)

5. DRUM LEVEL AND FEEDWATER FLOW page 07

When feedwater flow control is selected to Local-mode, level control is forced

When feedwater shut-off valve is closed, the corresponding hand-station is

© Kvaerner Power Oy, Tampere, Finland 2005

CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2

Osasto - Department Kohde – Subject Sivu - Page

Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 4 (35)

>> 6. DRUM PRESSURE page 08

The drum pressure is measured with three transmitters. Pressure signals

There are the following pressure limits:

7. STEAM TEMPERATURE pages 09, 10

7.2 Temperature control loops after secondary superheating can be selected to

© Kvaerner Power Oy, Tampere, Finland 2005

CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2

Osasto - Department Kohde – Subject Sivu - Page

Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 5 (35)

7.4 Temperature control loops after tertiary superheating can be selected to

8. MAIN STEAM VALVE AND STEAM DRUM DRAIN VALVE page 11

9. MAIN STEAM FLOW page 12

Boiler's total power calculation is based on the main steam flow.

© Kvaerner Power Oy, Tampere, Finland 2005

CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2

Osasto - Department Kohde – Subject Sivu - Page

Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 6 (35)

10. PRINCIPLE DIAGRAM, MAIN STEAM PRESSURE CONTROL page 13

10.2 Each bark feeding group has own M/A-selection

10.3 Each coal feeding group has own M/A-selection

10.4 Set-point for bark silo 1 = sum of Bark 1 and Bark 2.

Details are shown in corresponding diagrams.

© Kvaerner Power Oy, Tampere, Finland 2005

CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2

Osasto - Department Kohde – Subject Sivu - Page

Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 7 (35)

11. MAIN STEAM, PRESSURE CONTROL page 14A

11.1 The main steam pressure is measured with three transmitters.

Normally the pressure control should be selected to the average signal.

The pressure control is limited as follows:

2. The control is forced to Man-mode and the output is limited as above so

3. The control is interlocked to Man-mode and output to 0 % when all fuel

© Kvaerner Power Oy, Tampere, Finland 2005

CONTROL DESCRIPTIONS CFBT-582-1 2

Osasto - Department Kohde – Subject Sivu - Page

Power Generation RAPP PB3 PROJECT 8 (35)