Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ON
A (ro)e*t Done at
RICOAUTOINDUSTRIESLTD
Mr.M.K.RAGHAV SUMITDHINGRA
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
PREFACE
+la!!room !tud, i! the foundation- whi*h i! e!!ential- .ut getting down
*at from a tree i! different whene/er it *ome!0 To .ridge the gap
.etween the theor, and pra*ti*al- it i! e!!ential for the !tudent to !tep
out of the *la!!room and mo/e around the *orporate world0 +la!!room
theor, *an pa!! on 1nowledge .ut attitude and !1ill! *an .e enhan*ed
from a*tual mar1et e2po!ure with them0 RI+O AUTO INDUSTRIES
3TD0 pro/ided me an opportunit, to e2perien*e an a*tual indu!tr,
*ondition0
Finall, I am than1ful to all the re!pondent! who!e re!pon!e! were of utmo!t important
for the pro)e*t0 3a!t .ut not the lea!t- I would li1e to pla*e a word of
appre*iation on re*ord for all tho!e who!e dire*tl, and indire*tl, ha/e
helped me for the !u**e!!ful *ompletion of the pro)e*t0
AJAYKUMAR
TABLEOFCONTENT
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
CHAPTER, - INTRODUCTION 8
CHAPTER,9 METHODOLOGY -
US AUTOMOBILE
INDUSTRY
CHINA AUTOMOBILE 9
INDUSTRY
HISTORY
COMPANY /
ORGANI;ATION STRUCTURE
SWOTANALYSIS
CHAPTER, 3 MATERIALMANAGEMENT 3
DOCUMENTATION OF 1-
MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER,1 EVALUATION 83
FINDINGANDANALYSIS 81
CHAPTER,8 CONCLUSION 0/
CHAPTER,0 BIBLOGRAPHY 0
INDE<OFTABLE
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTIONTRENDS 99
INDE< OF GRAPHIC
TOPICS PAGE NO.
GL OB AL TR EN DS -
COUNTRY IN //1
IN //0,-/
CHAPTER-
INTRODUCTION
The training report i! a.out the manufa*turing the produ*t of RI+O Auto Indu!trie!
3td0RI+O A U T O i! a d,nami* world *la!! engineering *ompan, !uppl,ing a .road
range of high pre*i!ion full, ma*hined ferrou! and aluminium *omponent! and
a!!em.lie! to automoti/e OEM<! glo.all,0
Material and it! management i! not a new thing- it i! there from the !tarting of the
.u!ine!! -unfortunaetl, earlier no.od, relai!e it! importan*e .ut it ha! gained a lot of
importan*e for the pa!t few ,ear! .e*au!e of the .enefit! offered ., it0
COMPANYPROFILE=%
Ri*o i! a world%*la!! engineering *ompan, !uppl,ing a wide range of high pre*i!ion
full, ma*hined aluminium and ferrou! *omponent! and
a!!em.lie! to automoti/e OEM! a*ro!! the glo.e0
Ri*o<! *on!olidated group total turno/er i! o/er R! &7## +rore0Ri*o<! integrated
!er/i*e! in*lude de!ign- de/elopment- tooling- *a!ting- ma*hining and a!!em.l,
a*ro!! ferrou! and aluminium produ*t!0
HISTORY ) MILESTONES=%
-082,83
Ri*o Auto In*orporated &$>;%>7' and +ommer*ial (rodu*tion Started &$>8'
Aluminum ?(D+ (lant !et up in Dharuhera ;# @m! from Delhi- India'
T+ with F++ apan for manufa*turing of +lut*h A!!em.l,
-00/,0
Ferrou! +a!ting 9 Ma*hining (lant !et up in urgaon "# @m! from Delhi- India'
Entered International Mar1et a! OEM Supplier to ME+ apan0
-002,03
F++ RI+O 7#=7#' C formed
Started !uppl,ing glo.all, to USA 9 U@ Eaton- +ummin!- M et*0'
-008,//
///,/
Set up full !er/i*e Engineering- De!ign 9 De/elopment fun*tion0 Added +u!tomer!=
Ford aar 3and Roer
+ertified TS &8$;$- ISO &;###&- O?SAS &>##&
// ,/2
Enhan*ed Ferrou! 9 Aluminum +apa*it,
Added +u!tomer!= +aterpillar- ?one,well- Detroit Die!el- Col/o
//2,/3
//1
PRODUCTSOFRICO:
PRODUCTS CUSTOMER
+lut*h a!!em.l, ?ero %?onda
heel hu. a!!em.l, ?ero% ?onda
Bra1e panel a!!em.l, ?ero% ?onda
CUSTOMER:
?ero 9 ?onda i! one of the leading !tar in motor*,*le manufa*turing0 The other ma)or
*u!tomer! .e!ide of ?ero and ?onda are =
• Maruti Su4u1i
• 0M motor!
• S*ooter india
• Ford motor *ompan,
• aguar
• Col/o
• +ummin! engine *ompan,
,S OF THE COMPANY:
WASTAGESDURINGPRODUCTION:
• o/er produ*tion
• re)e*tion
• idle time
• unne*e!!ar, tran!portation0
OBJECTIVE:
• Aim!atprodu*ingprofe!!ional!endowedwithte*hni*al*ompeten*eandleader!hipqualitie!0
• To infu!e thorough 1nowledge and impart indu!tr, %oriented pra*ti*al training toma1e the !tudent! a
.reedapart0
• To in*ul*ate a !en!e of di!*ipline and re!pon!i.ilit, *oupled with logi*al thin1ing-!o that the, are an
a!!etfortheiremplo,er!0
• To in!till a high le/el of !elf%*onfiden*e to ma1e them !u**e!!ful in all wal1! of life in*luding
entrepreneur!hip0
• To empha!i4e their all round de/elopment- ., en!uring parti*ipation in *ulturala*ti/itie!- group
di!*u!!ion!-!o*ialget%together!-!port!-et*0
• Toim.i.ea qualit,thatma1e!them .etter*iti4en!0
• To*reateprofe!!ional*ompeten*e0
CHAPTER,
METHODOLOGY
An opinion !ur/e, wa! underta1en and enquir, wa! tran!lated in under!tanding the
/ariou! a!pe*t! of the organi4ation0 The data wa! *olle*ted through
de!*ripti/e re!ear*h m ethodolog,0 Re!ear*h in*lude! field !ur/e, and
inter/iew of the offi*ial!of /ariou! department! of the *ompan,0
OBJECTIVE:,
Pri7"ry O=>%(+iv%
• To !tud, the produ*tion department of RI+O Auto Indu!trie!0
RESEARCHDESIGN
A per!onal inter/iew with !enior! and pra*ti*al wor1 in *ompan, wa! held while the
/i!it in !tore department 0
INSTRUMENTS
• Engineering Department
• (rodu*tion Department
• elding department
• ualit, !e*tion
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
&0Engineering department deal! with de/elopment of the fore *oming part! of Maruti0
. enerall,- ma)orit, of the part! are from MU3- gn0 (art! are prepared andthere
trial i! ta1en0 Thi! department al!o deal! with *o!ting of !heet metalpart!- in whi*h
quotation are prepared in order to !u.mit to the *u!tomer! and /endor!0
Pr ? (+i ! D%6"r+7%!+
In produ*tion department metal !heet! are gi/en de!ired !hape! through !tamping
pro*e!!0 Stamping pre!! i! u!ed to produ*e the !tamping operation0
W5"+ is " s+"76i!$ 6r%ss
A !tamping pre!! i! a ma*hine that hou!e! the !tamping tool! tooling' and *arrie!
them around a**ording to the 1inemati*! indi*ated ., the u!er! pro*e!! !et%up'0The
1nowledge of the pre!! u!ed for a !tamping operation pro/ide! u! with u!eful *lue!
regarding=
• Calue! and di!tri.ution of re!training for*e!
• Tool deformation *au!ed ., !tamping for*e!
• +onta*t and or gap .etween tool! and .lan1 ?owe/er- we !hould re*all that at the
moment when the die de!ign i! *arried out- the pre!! i! u!uall, not ,et 1nown- !o that
it! *hara*teri!ti*! are rather a fa*tor of noi!e than a u!eful information0 There for -it .
will .e important to ha/e a de!ign that i! ro.u!t with re!pe*t to the pre!! t,pe0
W5"+ is " s+"76i!$ + # W5"+ is 6r (%ss ?%si$!
GLOSSARY:D%si$! s r "(%
(art a! de!igned to fit in the *ar after trimming'
B#"!45 #?%r
Surfa*e! that hold the .lan1 .efore the forming
s r "(%
operation- in*luding the re!training
Pr ? (+i !
un*tion .etween the two former !urfa*e!-
s r "(% r !, s
prote*ting the de!ign !urfa*e and *ontrol in g material flow
Di% "(%
Run%off! G .lan1 holder
WELDING DPARTMENT
R%sis+"!(% W%#?i!$
Re!i!tan*e elding i! a welding pro*e!!- in whi*h wor1 pie*e! are welded due to a
*om.ination of a pre!!ure applied to them and a lo*ali4ed heat generated ., a high
ele*tri* *urrent flowing through the *onta*t area of the weld0
S6 + W%#?i!$ &RSW'
Spot elding i! a Re!i!tan*e elding R ' pro*e!!- in whi*h two or more o/er
lapped metal !heet! are )oined ., !pot weld!0The method u!e! pointed *opper
ele*trode! pro/iding pa!!age of ele*tri* *urrent0 The ele*trode! al!o tran!mitt pre!!ure
required for formation of !trong weld0 Diameter of the weld !pot i! in the range :% &"
mm0 Spot welding i! widel, u!ed in automoti/e indu!tr, for )oining /ehi*le .od,
part!0
S:,
7Si! the name of a wor1pla*e organi4ation methodolog, that u!e! a li!t of fi/e
apane!e word! whi*h are !eiri- !eiton- !ei!o- !ei1et!u and !hit!u1e-
E!$#is5 7%"!i!$ S.
S r+i!$ &Seir':
Eliminate all unne*e!!ar, tool!- part!- and in!tru*tion!0 o through all tool!-material!-
and !o forth in the plant and wor1 area0 @eep onl, e!!ential item! andeliminate what
i! not required- prioriti4ing thing! per requirement! and 1eeping themin ea!il,%
a**e!!i.le pla*e!0 E/er,thing el!e i! !tored or di!*arded0
S+r"i$5+%!i!$ r s%++i!$ i! r?%r s+"=i#i % &Seiton'
There !hould .e a pla*e for e/er,thing and e/er,thing !hould .e in it! pla*e0 Thepla*e
for ea*h item !hould .e *learl, la.eled or demar*ated0 Item! !hould .earranged in a
manner that promote! effi*ient wor1 flow- with equipment u!ed mo!toften .eing the
mo!t ea!il, a**e!!i.le0 or1er! !hould not ha/e to .end repetiti/el,to a**e!!
material!0 Ea*h tool- part- !uppl,- or pie*e of equipment !hould .e 1ept*lo!e to where
it will .e u!ed in other word!- !traightening the flow path0 Seiton I! one of the feature!
that di!tingui!he! 7S from !tandardi4ed *leanup 0 Thi! pha!e *anal!o .e referred to
a!0
+lean the wor1!pa*e and all equipment- and 1eep it *lean- tid, and organi4ed0 At the
end of ea*h !hift- *lean the wor1 area and .e !ure e/er,thing i! re!tored to it! pla*e0
Thi! ma1e! it ea!, to 1now what goe! where and en!ure! that e/er,thing i! where it
.elong!0 Spill!- lea1!- and other me!!e! al!o then .e*ome a /i!ual !ignal for
equipment or pro*e!! !tep! that need attention0 A 1e, point i! that maintaining
*leanline!! !hould .e part of the dail, wor1 not an o**a!ional a*ti/it, initiated when
thing!gettoo me!!,0
S+"!?"r?i i!$ &Sei1et!u'
or1 pra*ti*e! !hould .e *on!i!tent and !tandardi4ed0 All wor1 !tation! for
aparti*ular )o. !hould .e identi*al0 All emplo,ee! doing the !ame )o. !hould .e a.leto
wor1 in an, !tation with the !ame tool! that are in the !ame lo*ation in e/er,!tation0
E/er,one !hould 1now e2a*tl, what hi! or her re!pon!i.ilitie! are foradhering to the
fir!t : SJ!0
SOURCES O F D A TA
PRIMARY, The data needed for thi! !tud, ha! .een deri/ed mainl, from primar,
!our*e the primar, !our*e! of the data in*lude the information pro/ided to me ., the
head of a**ount! department- other !enior! in the *ompan, at the time of inter/iew0
An un!tru*tured inter/iew wa! *ondu*ted0
SECONDARY, Se*ondar, !our*e! of data% thi! t,pe of data ha/e .een *olle*ted
from the !e/eral !our*e!- !u*h a!=
• Cariou! quarterl, re/iew of the *ompan,
• Appli*ation form!
In the ,ear &68$- a Fren*h engineer ., the name of Ni*ola! 0 +ugnot in/ented the
fir!t automo.ile to run on road!0 Thi! automo.ile- in fa*t- wa! a !elf%powered- three%
wheeled- militar, tra*tor that made the u!e of a !team engine0 The range of the
automo.ile- howe/er- wa! /er, .rief and at the mo!t- it *ould onl, run at a !tret*h for
fifteen minute!0 In addition- the!e automo.ile! were not fit for the road! a! the !team
engine! made them /er, hea/, and large- and required ample !tarting time0 Oli/er
E/an! wa! the fir!t to de!ign a !team engine dri/en automo.ile in the U0S0
A S*ot!man- Ro.ert Ander!on- wa! the fir!t to in/ent an ele*tri* *arriage .etween
&>:" and &>:$0 ?owe/er- Thoma! Da/enport of the U0S0A0 and S*ot!man Ro.ert
Da/id!on were among!t the fir!t to in/ent more appli*a.le automo.ile!- ma1ing u!e
of non%re*hargea.le ele*tri* .atterie! in &>;"0 De/elopment of road! made tra/eling
*omforta.le and a! a re!ult- the !hort ranged- ele*tri* .atter, dri/en automo.ile! were
no more the .e!t option for tra/eling o/er longer di!tan*e!0
The Automo.ile Indu!tr, finall, *ame of age with ?enr, Ford in &$&; for the .ul1
produ*tion of *ar!0 Thi! lead! to the de/elopment of the indu!tr, and it fir!t .egun in
the a!!em.l, line! of the *ar fa*tor,0 The !e/eral method! adopted ., Ford- made the
new in/ention that i!- the *ar' popular among!t the ri*h a! well a! the ma!!e!0
A**ording the ?i!tor, of Automo.ile Indu!tr, US- dominated the automo.ile mar1et!
around the glo.e with no nota.le *ompetitor!0 ?owe/er- after the end of the
Se*ond orld ar in &$;7- the Automo.ile Indu!tr, of other te*hnologi*all,
ad/an*ed nation! !u*h a! apan and *ertain European nation! gained momentum and
within a /er, !hort period- .eginning in the earl, &$>#!- the U0S Automo.ile
Indu!tr, wa! flooded with foreign automo.ile *ompanie!- e!pe*iall, tho!e of apan
and erman,0
9. G# ="# Tr%!?s
The *urrent trend! of the lo.al Automo.ile Indu!tr, re/eal that in the de/eloped
*ountrie! the Automo.ile Indu!trie! are !tagnating a! a re!ult of the drooping *ar
mar1et!- wherea! the Automo.ile Indu!tr, in the de/eloping nation!- !u*h a!-
India and Bra4il- ha/e .een *on!i!tentl, regi!tering higher growth rate! e/er,
pa!!ing ,ear for their flouri!hing dome!ti* automo.ile mar1et!0
The pro!perit, of the national e*onom, i! refle*ted in the ri!ing per *apita in*ome of
the de/eloping nation!0 Therefore- in*rea!ing ro!! Dome!ti* (rodu*t and per *apita
in*ome ha/e rai!ed the pur*ha!ing a.ilit, of the population that *on!titute! the!e
emerging mar1et!0
In "##6- a total of 6&0$ million new automo.ile! were !old worldwide= ""0$ million in
Europe- "&0; million in A!ia%(a*ifi*- &$0; million in North Ameri*a- ;0; million in
3atin Ameri*a- "0; million in the Middle Ea!t and &0; million in Afri*a0 L" The
mar1et! in North Ameri*a and apan were !tagnant- while tho!e in South Ameri*a and
A!ia grew !trongl,0 Of the ma)or mar1et!- Ru!!ia- Bra4il and +hina !aw the mo!t
rapid growth0
U.S. A + 7 =i#% I!? s+ry
The manufa*turer! of the U.S. A + 7 =i#% I!? s+ry will ha/e to loo1 to the
de/eloping mar1et! around the glo.e- if the, are to regain their Jnumero unoJ po!ition
in the orld Automo.ile Indu!tr,- that ha! .een re*entl, ta1en o/er ., the apane!e
automo.ile manufa*turer!0 The U0S0 Automo.ile Indu!tr,- whi*h i! mainl, .a!ed
upon the *om.ined .u!ine!! of the Detroit Three eneral Motor! +orporation- Ford
Motor! +orporation- and +hr,!ler 33+ whi*h i! an unit of Daimler+hr,!ler A - ha!
.een !urrendering dome!ti* mar1et !hare to foreign *ompanie! in the automo.ile
!e*tor- e!pe*iall, tho!e .elonging to apan0
The dome!ti* mar1et! in the U0S0 .eing almo!t !aturated- the manufa*turer! of the
U0S0 Automo.ile Indu!tr, need to mo/e out of North Ameri*a- to the emerging
mar1et! where automo.ile !ale! are growing ., leap! and .ound!0
In addition- the produ*tion *o!t! in the U0S0 are mu*h higher in *ompari!on to the re!t
of the world- and thi! i! the main rea!on .ehind the U0S0 Automo.ile Indu!tr,
manufa*turer! *lo!ing fa*torie!- redu*ing the num.er of emplo,ee! on their pa,roll in
the U0S0 it!elf0
Asi"! M"r4%+
The A!ian *ountrie! were al!o regi!tering growth in the demand for new /ehi*le!0
Indone!ia and India !howed !ignifi*ant growth in the regi!tration of new /ehi*le!0
A**ording to the UNIDO whi*h follow! the international !tandard for indu!trial
*la!!ifi*ation that *ategori4e! the automo.ile !e*tor a! manufa*ture of motor /ehi*le!-
.odie! for motor /ehi*le! and manufa*turer! of part! and a**e!!orie! of motor
/ehi*le! and their engine!- In the leading de/eloping *ountrie! of A!ia the li!t i!
topped ., @orea -Iran0
Bra4il hold! the fifth po!ition followed ., Indone!ia- Tur1e,- Argentina - Thailand -
Singapore - +hina - Mala,!ia - UAE and +olom.ia0
The automo.ile produ*tion *o!t in +hina i! higher that in apan- Europe or U0S0 The
tariff! are al!o higher than other leading automo.ile manufa*turing *ountrie!0 The
in*ome le/el! in +hina !eem to .e *lim.ing and *on!equentl, the potentialit, of
automo.ile mar1et i! al!o ri!ing0
O/er*oming the ill effe*t! of the defeat in the Se*ond orld ar -that had de!tro,ed
the national e*onom,- wa! not an ea!, pro*e!! on the part of the apane!e indu!trie!0
The *ar manufa*turer! .elonging to the apane!e Automo.ile Indu!tr, were
*ommi!!ioned to !uppl, arm, tru*1! to South @orea ., the Federal o/ernment of
the U0S0 during the @orean ar .etween &$7# and &$7:0 Thi! wa! the main rea!on
.ehind the up!wing of the apane!e Automo.ile Indu!tr, that .egan in the &$8#!0
The produ*t! of the apane!e Automo.ile Indu!tr,- that i!- the apane!e automo.ile!-
are of a !uperior grade and la!t for longer period!- in addition to .eing fuel effi*ient0
The apane!e *ar! are primaril, pri*ed at afforda.le rate! whi*h are *omparati/el,
mu*h lower than the automo.ile! produ*ed ., their foreign *ompetitor! e!pe*iall,
tho!e .a!ed in the U0S0 and e!tern Europe0
To,ota ha! re*entl, o/erta1en eneral Motor! of the U0S0 a! the leading produ*er a!
well a! !eller of automo.ile! in the world0 The To,ota Motor +orporation i! therefore
the .e!t .et of the apane!e Automo.ile Indu!tr,0 And ?onda ha! o/erta1en Ni!!an to
.e*ome the !e*ond large!t produ*er of automo.ile! of the apane!e Automo.ile
Indu!tr,0
T 6 / 7 + r v%5i(#% 6r ? (i!$ ( !+ri%s i! //1:,
+o and
Be *i%m
Czech $ep%) ic
!ra(
&%r'ey
&hai and
!t ay
y
r
$%ssia
t
n UK
u
o
C "e#ico
!ndia
Canada
Spain
Brazi
France
S. Korea
Germany
China
United States
Japan
C5"##%!$%sF"(%?=y+5%I!? s+ry:,
The automoti/e indu!tr, toda, i! in the middle of a dramati* and largel,
unpre*edented tran!formation0 The heart of thi! tran!formation i! not a.out
how the auto *ompan, doe! it! wor1 .ut rather how it define! it!elf0The glo.al
automoti/e indu!tr, toda, i! deli/ering unpre*edented le/el! of *u!tomer /alue0
Cehi*le! toda, are /a!tl, !uperior to and more relia.le than tho!e produ*ed )u!t a
de*ade ago in term! of e*onom,- !afet,- *omfort- fun*tionalit, and performan*e0
Fier*e glo.al *ompetition for *on!umer! i! the prime mo/er .ehind thi! in*rea!e in
*u!tomer /alue0
But the automoti/e indu!tr, !tru*ture that ha! endured for eight, ,ear! ma, .e
rea*hing the limit of it! potential0 For deli/ering the ne2t !ignifi*ant in*rement of
/alue- to automoti/e *on!umer!- while remaining profita.le will require dramati*
in*rea!e in produ*ti/it, a*ro!! the /alue *hain0
In "##>- with rapidl, ri!ing oil pri*e!- indu!trie! !u*h a! the automoti/e indu!tr,- are
e2perien*ing a *om.ination of pri*ing pre!!ure! from raw material *o!t! and *hange!
in *on!umer .u,ing ha.it!0 The indu!tr, i! al!o fa*ing in*rea!ing e2ternal *ompetition
from the pu.li* tran!port !e*tor- a! *on!umer! re%e/aluate their pri/ate /ehi*le u!age0
• Emerging mar1et! 0
Automo.ile! were introdu*ed to India in the late &>$#J!- the manufa*turing indu!tr,
onl, too1 off after independen*e in &$;60 The prote*tioni!t e*onomi* poli*ie! of the
go/ernment ga/e ri!e in the &$7#J! to the ?indu!tan Motor! Am.a!!ador- .a!ed on a
&$7#J! Morri! O2ford- and- i! !till u.iquitou! in the road! and highwa,! of India0
?indu!tan Motor! and a few !maller manufa*turer! !u*h a! (remier Automo.ile!-
Tata Motor!- Ba)a) Auto- A!ho1 and Standard Motor! held an oligopol, until IndiaJ!
initial e*onomi* opening in the &$>#J!0 Tata Motor! laun*he! it! fir!t tru*1 in
*olla.oration with Mer*ede!%Ben40 The great Indian politi*ian San)a, andhi
*hampioned the need for a peopleJ! *ar H the pro)e*t wa! reali4ed after hi! death with
the laun*h of a !tate%owned firm Maruti Ud,og whi*h qui*1l, gained o/er
7# mar1et !hare0 The Maruti >## .e*ame popular .e*au!e of it! low pri*e- high
fuel effi*ien*,- relia.ilit, and modern feature! relati/e to it! *ompetition at the
time0Tata Motor! e2ported .u!e! and tru*1! to ni*he mar1et! in the de/eloping world0
The li.erali4ation of &$$& opened the flood gate! of *ompetition and growth whi*h
ha/e *ontinued up to toda,0 The high growth in the Indian e*onom, ha! re!ulted in all
ma)or international *ar manufa*turer! entering the Indian mar1et0 eneral Motor!-
Ford- To,ota- ?onda- ?,undai and other! !et up manufa*turing plant!0 Roll! Ro,*e-
Bentle, and Ma,.a*h are e2ample! of the few high end automo.ile manufa*turer!
whi*h entered India in the re*ent ,ear!0 The Tata Nano i! at the lower end of the pri*e
range *o!ting appro2 USP "-7## and Bugatti Ce,ron at the other with a pri*e tag of
o/er USP " million0
IndiaJ! lo/e affair with the automo.ile i! famou!l, em.odied in the &$"#J! Roll!
Ro,*e *olle*tion! of the er!twhile mahara)a!0 The growing middle *la!! a!pire! for
the automo.ile for it! *on/enien*e and a! a !tatu! !,m.ol0 Upper middle *la!! and
wealth, *ar owner! emplo, full%time *hauffeur! to na/igate the aggre!!i/e and
!eemingl, lawle!! traffi* pattern! of mo!t *itie!0 The *on!tru*tion of e2pre!!wa,!
!u*h a! the Mum.ai (une e2pre!!wa, ha/e opened up new touring opportunitie!0 The
e2pe*ted laun*h of a Formula One *ir*uit in New Delhi i! e2pe*ted to !par1 pu.li*
enthu!ia!m for a motor !porting indu!tr,0
C rr%!+ S(%!"ri :,
O/er a period of more than two de*ade! the Indian Automo.ile indu!tr, ha! .een
dri/ing it! own growth through pha!e!0India i! one of the large!t automo.ile
indu!trie! in A!ia 0 The automo.ile indu!tr, in India i! the tenth large!t in the world
with an annual produ*tion of appro2imatel, " million unit!0 A**ording to the UNIDO
report - India ha! made it to the top &7 automa1er! of the world and o**upie! the
fourth po!ition in the leading de/eloping *ountrie! *ategor, of motor /e*hile
manufa*turer! 0 It ha! .e*ome a huge attra*tion for *ar manufa*turer! around the
world0L:
Though !e/eral ma)or foreign automa1er!- li1e Ford- Su4u1i- M and ?onda ha/e
their manufa*turing .a!e! in India- Indian automo.ile mar1et i! dominated .,
dome!ti* *ompanie!0 Maruti Su4u1i i! the large!t pa!!enger /ehi*le *ompan,- Tata
Motor! i! the large!t *ommer*ial /ehi*le *ompan, while ?ero ?onda i! the large!t
motor*,*le *ompan, in India0 Other ma)or Indian automo.ile manufa*turer! in*lude
Mahindra 9 Mahindra- A!ho1 3e,land and Ba)a) Auto0
The entr, of Su4u1i +orporation in Indian pa!!enger *ar manufa*turing i! often
pointed a! the fir!t !ign of India turning to a mar1et e*onom,0 Sin*e then the
automo.ile !e*tor witne!!ed rapid growth ,ear after ,ear0 B, late%$#J! the indu!tr,
rea*hed !elf relian*e in engine and *omponent manufa*turing from the !tatu! of large
!*ale importer0
ith *omparati/el, higher rate of e*onomi* growth rate inde2 again!t that of great
glo.al power!- India ha! .e*ome a hu. of dome!ti* and e2port! .u!ine!!0 The
automo.ile !e*tor ha! .een *ontri.uting it! !hare to the !hining e*onomi*
performan*e of India in the re*ent ,ear!0
ith the Indian middle *la!! earning higher per *apita in*ome- more people are read,
to own pri/ate /ehi*le! in*luding *ar! and two%wheeler!0 (rodu*t mo/ement! and
manned !er/i*e! ha/e .oo!ted in the !ale! of medium and !i4ed *ommer*ial /ehi*le!
for pa!!enger and good! tran!port0 Side ., !ide with fre!h /ehi*le !ale! growth- the
automoti/e *omponent! !e*tor ha! witne!!ed .ig growth0 The dome!ti* auto
*omponent! *on!umption ha! *ro!!ed rupee! $### *rore! and an e2port of one half
!i4e of the figure0
TURNOVER
T r! v%r A + 7 =i#%
//8,/0 98 98
D 7%s+i( S"#%s
The *umulati/e growth of the (a!!enger Cehi*le! !egment during April % Mar*h "##6 wa!
"#06# per*ent0 (a!!enger +ar! grew ., ""0#& per*ent- Utilit, Cehi*le! ., &:0"& per*ent and
Multi (urpo!e Cehi*le! ., "70"# per*ent in F5 "##>%#$0
The +ommer*ial Cehi*le! !egment grew ., ::0"> per*ent0 rowth of Medium 9 ?ea/,
+ommer*ial Cehi*le! wa! :"0>; per*ent and 3ight +ommer*ial Cehi*le! re*orded a growth of
::0$: per*ent0
Three heeler! !ale! grew ., &"0"" per*ent with !ale! of ood! +arrier! in*rea!ing ., &:07"
per*ent and (a!!enger +arrier! ., &&0:: per*ent during April% Mar*h "##6 *ompared to the
*orre!ponding period la!t ,ear0
The Two heeler mar1et grew ., &&0;" per*ent during April% Mar*h "##6 o/er the !ame
period la!t ,ear0 Motor*,*le! grew ., &"06$ per*ent- S*ooter! grew ., :0;> per*ent and
Moped! regi!tered a growth of 80$7 per*ent0
E*6 r+s
Automo.ile E2port! regi!tered a growth of "70;: per*ent during April% Mar*h "##6 o/er the
!ame period la!t ,ear0
(a!!enger Cehi*le! E2port! grew ., &:0#7 per*ent- +ommer*ial Cehi*le! e2port! in*rea!ed .,
""07> per*ent- Three heeler! e2port! ., >60&6 per*ent and Two heeler! E2port! grew .,
#087 per*ent
TRENDS
V%5i(#%
s'
C 77%r(i"#
V%5i :-& >-;:# :-7&-#;& ;-8 6 -;:7 ;-$ # -;$ ; :->;-&$; 7-:& -:$7
(#%s
T5r%%
W5% :-#6->8" :-7$-$"# ;-#:-$&# :-8;-6>& :-;$ -6 "6 ;-;# -:8 >
%#%rs
P"ss%!$%r
&-88-;#" &-67-76" &-$>-;7" "-&>-;#& :-:7 -6 "$ ;-;8-& ;8
V%5i(#%s
C 77%r(i"#
"$-$;# ;#-8## ;$ -7 :6 7>-$$; ;"-8 "7 ;7-##6
V%5i(#%s
T5r%% W5%%#%rs 88-6$7 68->>& &-;:->$8 &-;&-;"7 &-;>-#88 &-6:-">"
A! the pla,er! *ontinue to introdu*e new model! and /ariant!- the *ompetition ma,
inten!if, further0 The a.ilit, of the pla,er! to *ontain *o!t! and fo*u! on e2port! will
.e *riti*al for the performan*e of their re!pe*ti/e *ompanie!0
The auto *omponent !e*tor ha! al!o po!ted !ignifi*ant growth of "# per *ent in "##:%
#;- to a*hie/e a !ale! turno/er of R!0:#-8;# *rore USP 806 .illion'0 Further- there i! a
potential for higher growth due to out!our*ing a*ti/itie! ., glo.al automo.ile! giant!0
Toda,- thi! !e*tor ha! emerged a! another !unri!e !e*tor0
Indian Automo.ile Indu!tr, i! growing0 Al!o- the Automo.ile indu!tr, ha! !trong
.a*1ward and forward lin1age! and hen*e pro/ide! emplo,ment to a large !e*tion of
the population0 Thu! the role of Automo.ile Indu!tr, *annot .e o/erloo1ed in Indian
E*onom,0 All 1ind! of /ehi*le! are produ*ed ., the Automo.ile Indu!tr,0 India
Automo.ile Indu!tr, in*lude! the manufa*ture of tru*1!- .u!e!- pa!!enger *ar!-
defen!e /ehi*le!- two%wheeler!- et*0 The indu!tr, *an .e .roadl, di/ided into the +ar
CHALLENGES
(re!entl, - the indu!tr, ha! to fa*e a lot of pre!!ure due to in*rea!ing inflation 0 The
in*rea!ing inflation ma, affe*t the ea!il, a/aila.le finan*e for the pur*ha!e of
/ehi*le! whi*h *an de*rea!e the pur*ha!ing power parit, ((('of *u!tomer! and
hen*e the mar1et0
The hi1ing inflation al!o in*rea!e the *o!t of input! whi*h in turn in*rea!e the *o!t the
produ*t! 0 !o- the!e are the *hallenge! whi*h the automo.ile mar1et i! *urrentl,
fa*ing0
F + r% S(%!"ri
The Indian automo.ile indu!tr, i! going through a pha!e of rapid *hange and high
growth0 ith new pro)e*t! *oming up on a regular .a!i!- the indu!tr, i! undergoing
te*hnologi*al *hange0 India i! e2pe*ted to o/erta1e +hina a! the worldJ! fa!te!t
growing *ar mar1etL& in term! of the num.er of unit! !old and the automoti/e indu!tr,
i! one of the fa!te!t growing manufa*turing !e*tor! in India0L" Be*au!e of it! large
mar1et India ha! a population of &0& .illionH the !e*ond large!t in the world'- a low
.a!e of *ar owner!hip and a !urging e*onom,0
At pre!ent the indu!tr, i! en)o,ing a growth rate of &;%&6 per annum- with dome!ti*
!ale! growth at &"0> 0 The growth rate i! predi*ted to dou.le ., "#&70The total !ale!
of pa!!enger /ehi*le! % *ar!- utilit, /ehi*le! and multi%utilit, /ehi*le! % in the ,ear
"##7 rea*hed the mar1 of &0#8 million0 The *urrent growth rate indi*ate! that ., "#&"
India will o/erta1e erman, and apan in !ale! /olume!0
In the .eginning of the ,ear "##> the indu!tr, had fa*ed a !low down - .ut the
!lowdown in the indu!trial wa! a !hort term phenomenon and the *ountr, i! e2pe*ted
to re*ord a &# growth in indu!trial produ*tion during "##>%"##$ a! again!t of >0: in
the pre/iou! fi!*al -+entre for Monitoring Indian E*onom, +MIE'0
CHAPTER
COMPANYPROFILE
R R%#i"=i#i+y
I I!! v"+i !
C C 76%+i+iv%!%ss +
$ G# ="#
O O6+i7i "+i !
S("r(%
R%s r(%s
Visi ! ) G "#
Visi !s
RI+O AUTO i! a d,nami* world *la!! engineering *ompan, !uppl,ing a .road range
of high pre*i!ion full, ma*hined ferrou! and aluminium *omponent! and a!!em.lie!
to automoti/e OEM<! glo.all,0
THE EARLYYEARS
RI+O roup wa! founded in the ,ear &$66 with a ferrou! foundr, and a ma*hining
!hop at 3udhiana under the pre!ent *ompan, name RI+O +a!ting! 3td0 In &$>;-
RI+O di/er!ifie! into Aluminum high pre!!ure Die +a!ting ., !etting up it! plant at
Dharuhera under the *ompan, RI+O AUTO INDUSTRIES 3TD0 In &$$"-RI+O
AUTO !tarted it! plant at Dharuhera0 B, in!talling Automati* ?igh (re!!ure
Moulding Ferrou! Foundr, and Ma*hining !hop0 Su.!equentl, the Aluminum ?igh
(re!!ure Die *a!ting and Ma*hining fa*ilit, at urgaon- Ri*o !oft te*h 3TD urgaon-
RI+O AUTO INDUSTRIES In* USAH RI+O AUTO INDUSTRIES U@' 3TD- U@
were added to it! fold in the ,ear "##&- "##&- "##& 9 "##; re!pe*ti/el,0
RICO Gr 6 C 76"!i%s
A**ount Management- 3ogi!ti*! 9 arehou!ing- A!!em.l, Operation!
• Mi*higan USA
• 3ondon U@
TURNOVER
RICO Gr 6 sT r! v%r
-/ Ti7%s Ov%r L"s+ -/
Y%"rs From &$$6 to "##>'
Gross turnover US $ million
,-0
,10
,00 28-
2-0
2-0
220
200
16
100 80
-8
-0 ,4
28
21
In the Aluminium di/i!ion- the RI+O AUTO INDUSTRIES 3TD0 ha! *ontinued to
e!ta.li!h it! leader!hip in the high pre!!ure die *a!ting ?(D+'0 Toda, it i! one of the
large!t ?(D+ *ompanie! with 68 ?(D+ ma*hine! from &:7 tn! to &>## tn! lo*1ing
for*e'0 It! effort! for de/eloping *omple2 and intri*ate *omponent! li1e high%pre!!ure
die *a!t +,linder Blo*1- along with it! te*hnolog, pro/ider Te1!id Aluminium are on
tra*10 During the ,ear "##8%#6 it !tarted implementation of low pre!!ure and gra/it,
*a!ting pro*e!!e! and *ommen*ed wor1ing on +,linder ?ead! and Allo, heel!0
In the Ferrou! di/i!ion it ha! ; moulding line!0 During the ,ear "##8%#6 it
!u**e!!full, laun*hed Ferrou! +,linder Blo*1! for Maruti Su4u1i0 It al!o !tarted
!upplie! of *omple2 tur.ine *enter hou!ing for ?one,well and laun*hed new
metallurgie! u!ed for higher temperature appli*ation!0 It ha! !et up *a!ting *apa*it, in
ad/an*e and i! wor1ing toward! .ringing /alue *reating .u!ine!! for the !ame0
Following are the ma)or *omponent!- whi*h are manufa*tured in RI+O AUTO
INDUSTRIES 3TD0= %
F r M + r(y(#% P"r+s
•
?UBA!!em.l, •
Flange A!!em.l,
•
?UB Front •
(anel A!!em.l,
•
?UB Rear •
Rotor Oil Filter
•
+lut*h A!!em.l, •
ear Shift Drum
F r C"r P"r+s
• +a!e Di!tri.utor
• Ro*1er Arm
• Brea1 Drum
• Manifold
T W5%%#%rs
•
•
P"ss%!$%r C"rs
•
•
C 77%r(i"#
V%5i(#%s
Sys+%7 S 66#i%rs
• Regi!tration with all go/ernment department! for legal o.ligation! li1e% e2*i!e-
!aleta2- pollution- la.our department et*0
• Benefit poli*, ., the go/ernment li1e% !aleta2 e2emption ., the go/ernment-
ta2 in*enti/e !*hme!- e2*i!e dut, e2emption et*0
TA<ASPECTS:
In *a!e of manufa*turer OEM orignal equipment manufa*turer' *ompan,
*on*e!!ion rate of ta2 *harged ., the *ompan, again!t ta2 re.ate! u!ed .,
the firm! li1e% +%FORM- D%FORM in har,ana0
Or$"!is"+i !"# S+r (+ r%
E/er, organi4ation ha! a !tru*ture of it! own a**ording to it! need and requirement!0
RI+O al!o ha! it! own organi4ational !tru*ture whi*h ha! .een de!*ri.ed .elow=%
Fi!"!(%D%6"r+7%!+
It i! *on*erned with effi*ient planning and *ontrolling of finan*ial- affair! of
enterpri!e0 Finan*e !e*tion maintain! all t,pe! of a**ount!- all pa,ment! and re*eipt!
are dealt in thi! !e*tion 0In the RI+O the finan*e department i! di/ided into two part!
Finan*e !e*tion and E2*i!e !e*tion0
P r(5"s% D%6"r+7%!+
In RI+O pur*ha!e department i! pla,ing ma)or and 1e, role0
+entrali4ed pur*ha!e !,!tem ha! .een adopted ., it! pur*ha!e department0 (ur*ha!e
department i! *on*erned with the pur*ha!e Raw material!- ma*hinerie!- and !tationar,
and other .ought part! required in the *ompan,0
Pr ? (+i ! D%6"r+7%!+
The fun*tion of produ*tion department i! to effe*ti/el, plan and regulate the
operation! of that part of an organi4ation whi*h i! re!pon!i.le for the a*tual
tran!formation of material! into fini!hed produ*t!0
In Ri*o- the produ*tion a*ti/it, i! loo1ed after ., the Engineer! whi*h dire*tl, report!
to the *hief engineer0
The raw material u!ed ., the Ri*o i! aluminium and other /ariou! .ought part!0 The
produ*tion department i! *la!!ified into /ariou! department! !u*h a!=
• Die *a!ting0
• Fettling0
• Ma*hining0
• A!!em.ling0
SWOT ANALYSIS
OF
RICOAUTO INDUSTRIES LTD.
STRENGTHS
• Inno/ation0
• Effe*ti/e and effi*ient wor1ing of top and middle management through in*orporation
of SA( Software0
W EA KN ESS ES :,
• Determining the le/el of material minimum and ma2imum le/el!'0 Due to minimum
le/el of material whi*h lead! to hurdle in produ*tion0 On other hand- due to
ma2imum le/el of material the fund! are .eing .lo*1ed0
• Same 1ind of material *ode! a!!igned to different material t,pe! RO? and ?A3B'
due to whi*h /aluation of material *o!t i! .eing effe*t
OPPORTUNITES:,
•
The *ompan, !ee! opportunitie! .oth in the dome!ti* mar1et! and o/er!ea!
mar1et! with e2i!ting and new *u!tomer!0 To full, e2plore opportunitie! with all
*u!tomer!- the *ompan, ha! de/eloped dedi*ated a**ount team! to fo*u! on ea*h
*u!tomer0 The *ompan, ha! al!o ta1en !tep! to e2pand at /ariou! lo*ation! in India
*lo!e to it! new *u!tomer! plant!0
•
The +ompan, i! implementing a !trategi* plan to .uild glo.al !*ale and
*apa.ilitie! to meet the requirement of it! e2i!ting a! well a! it! new *u!tomer!0 In the
,ear "##8%#6 two oint Centure! ha/e .een !igned- one with *ontinental A
of erman, for ?,drauli* Bra1e S,!tem! and other with infei of +hina for
Aluminum Allo, heel!- whi*h would *ontri.ute toward! growth 9 profita.ilit, of
the *ompan, in the *oming ,ear!0
•
On the e2port front the +ompan, ha! ta1en initiati/e! to de/elop new e2port
mar1et! for it! produ*t! and !er/i*e!0
T H R EA TS
•
The ri!ing rate of intere!t i! a matter of *on*ern a! it impa*t! the automoti/e
demand for /ehi*le! two wheeler! and pa!!enger *ar!' and al!o the *o!t !tru*ture of
auto *omponent manufa*turer!0
•
A/aila.ilit, and *o!t of power i! another area of *on*ern for the indu!tr, 0The
*ompan, ha! .een ta1ing !tep! in thi! regard to impro/e .oth the a/aila.ilit, and *o!t
of power0
•
Ri!ing input *o!t! and /olatilit, in material i! a *hallenge that impa*t!
margin!0 The +ompan, i! pur!uing appropriate inde2ation me*hani!m! with it!
*u!tomer!- howe/er there i! alwa,! a lag effe*t0
•
The Indian Rupee appre*iation /i!% %/i! the US P i! an area of *on*ern for
e2port!0 Thi! impa*t! margin for e2port re/enue!
•
The +ompan, i! e2po!ed to !trong *ompetiti/e pre!!ure! .oth dome!ti* and
o/er!ea!0
•
The +ompan, i! al!o e2po!ed to finan*ial ri!1 from *hange! in intere!t rate!-
foreign e2*hange rate!- and *ommodit, pri*e
@UOTATION
MATERIAL PUCHAS
RE@UIREMENT E ORDER
P R E D IS PA T C H FINA3
INSPECTION OF (RODU+T
G O ODS
INV OICE
VERIFICATION
DISPATC H O F G O ODS
G O ODS SENT TO
CUST OMER
PAYMENT PAYMENT
TO RECEIVED
VENDORS FROM
C US TOM E
R
S+ r"$% L ("+i !
Thi! i! the !malle!t organi4ational unit in material management where !to*1! are /i!i.le
and are managed0
There are different t,pe! of !torage lo*ation 0
" D(MS Main Store%Dharuhera D(D+ All other! e2*ept defined in the
*hart
> D((+ (ro)e*t 9 +apital item Store Item whi*h i! related to wor1
Dharuhera D(D+ order (ro)e*t +apital are to .e 1ept
in the !ame
$ D(S5 S*rap 5ard Dharuhera D(D+ Material whi*h i! to .e !*rapped
PRODUCTION
(rodu*tion ma, .e defined a! the *on/er!ion of input! men- ma*hine- material!- mone,-
method! and management into output through tran!formation pro*e!!00 Output ma, .e a
good! or !er/i*e rendered0
MEN
MATERIAL,
METHOD,iiiiiiiiiiIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IN(UT
MACHINE
MONEY
MANAGEMENT
IN(UT
MELTING
DIE C A S T I N G M / C
PROCESSING (RO+ESSIN
FETTLING
MACHINING
PAINTING
ASSEMBLING
OUTPUT OUT(UT
FINAL
PRODUCT
In RI+O AUTO INDUSTRIES 3TD0 The !pare! part! are produ*ed ., pro*e!!ing the
/ariou! input! ., the pro*e!!%
C"s+i!$
Metal *a!ting pro*e!! *on!i!t of ma1ing mould! - preparing and melting the metal -
pouring liquid metal into the mould! and then allowing it to !olidif,0 hen !olidified the
metal will ta1e the !hape of *a/it,0 It i! then ta1en out from the mould0 The !olidified
o.)e*t i! *alled *a!ting0
F%++#i!$
After .rea1ing the mould when *a!ting i! remo/ed from mould H !and - unwanted
pro)e*tion!- ri!er! et*0 are adhering at it! !urfa*e0 Fettling i! the pro*e!! of *leaning and
fini!hing *a!ting0
M"(5i!i!$
In the ma*hining the fini!hing tou*h i! gi/en to the *a!ting! !o a! to ma1e it proper for
u!e li1e ma1ing hole! for the !*rew! et*0
P"i!+i!$
After ma*hining the *a!ting! are read, 0The, are then painted in the paint !hop0
Ass%7=#i!$
The a!!em.l, of *omponent i! done after the *omponent! are painted and the final
produ*t i! read, 00
CHAPTER,9
R ESU LTS ) DISCUSSION
RESULTS:,
S ((%ss # D%v%# 67%!+ O T5% P"r+:
In the final we getting the re!ult of the!u**e!!ful de/elopment of the part0 The part *an
.e de/eloped a**ording to it! profile whi*hi! pro/ided ., the *ompan, to the engineer!0
A**ording to it! !tru*ture a die *an .e u!ed forthe manufa*turing of the part0 For the
manufa*turing of the different part! different die! *an.e u!ed whi*h are a**ording to the
!hape of the part0 The die i! loaded on the M0B0 and M0B0*an .e pla*ed in!ide the pre!! a!
the lower unit and a upper portion of the die *an .e atta*hedto the upper M0B0 with the
help of !tud!0 hen the die i! loaded then the *omplete automati*pro*e!! of the pre!!
!tart! and the pre!!ure !tart! *reating in the *,linder! whi*h are atta*hedat the top portion
of the pre!!0 hen the pre!!ure *omplete! then the upper die *omplete! it!!tro1e and the
!ingle% !ingle operation! *an .e *ompleted on different pre!!e!0 The pre!!e!u!ed for the!e
different operation! are of different pre!!ure! the pre!! u!ed for the drawingoperation i!
of >## Tone! and the pre!!e! u!ed for the remaining operation! are of ;## Tone!that
mean! the upper die !tri1e! on the lower one with that pre!!ure0 The damp! produ*ed
inthe pre!! ., thi! !tri1e are a.!or.ed ., the damping unit whi*h i! under the *u!hion
.ed0 The M0B0 i! pla*ed on the *u!hion .ed and the damp! *an .e a.!or.ed ., the
damping unit0 After the e/er, operation *omplete the part !end! to the welding !hop
where the nut and .olt! are atta*hed to the part a**ording to the *on!tru*tional detail of
the part with the help of the !pot welding and at la!t the part i! *he*1ed ., the qualit,
*he*1er! and read, for deli/er,0 So thi! i! the !u**e!!ful de/elopment of the part0
After the different pre!! phenomenon the different welding operation! areperformed on it0
The welding operation i! u!ed i! the Spot elding operation in whi*h !potwelding *an .e
done in different two wa,!=
i' I0T0 un
ii' Non I0T0
un The!e are the two welding operation whi*h are u!ed for the !pot welding !o we
get the 1nowledge a.out the different !pot welding te*hnique! and ma*hine! whi*h
are u!ed for !pot welding0 B, wat*hing thi! *omplete we are a.le to get the
1nowledge of the different pro*e!!e! that *an .e u!ed in the fa*tor, for the
manufa*turing of different part!0 So after getting the *omplete training we get the
1nowledge of different pro*e!!e!0
DISCUSSIONS:,
Defe*t! (rodu*ed In Sheet:
During di!*u!!ion we di!*u!! a.out the pro.lem fa*ing during the manufa*turing pro*e!!
of the different part!0 Ba!i*all, the main pro.lem *an .e fa*ed i! of different defe*t!
produ*ed during the manufa*turing phenomenon0 The different defe*t! produ*ed are=
i' rin1le
ii' O/erlapping
iii' +ra*1
i/' Deformation
/' Dent0
The!e are the main pro.lem! that are fa*ed during the manufa*turing pro*e!! of part0
The!e defe*t! *an .e di!*u!!ed during the training0
C5"6+%r,8
CONCLUSION
we are di!*u!!ed to !ol/e the pro.lem! produ*ed during the wor1ing *onditionof the
pre!! and manufa*turing of the part!0 To !ol/e the defe*t! produ*ed on the !urfa*e of the
!heet during different pre!! operation! different pro*e!!e! *an .e u!ed if the damage
i!!mall and it *an ea!il, .e repaired then it *an .e ma*hined and repaired it .ut if the
defe*t i!not .e a.le to *orre*t then the !heet *an .e thrown into the !*rap0 If the pro.lem!