Methanol as an alternative fuel in shipping

Maritimes Cluster Norddeutchland

Erik Lewenhaupt
Stena Line, June 7 2017
 Stena Line at a glance

5,000+ 20 36 300
EMPLOYEES FERRY ROUTES VESSELS ENERGY SAVING
PROJECTS INITIATED
(since 2005)

1,3 2 1,5 7
BILLION EURO MILLION MILLION MILLION
IN TURNOVER FREIGHT UNITS CARS PASSENGERS
 Stena Line fleet*
Type Vessels Capacity Average age

Large RoPax 9 > 3,000 LM 12

300-1,500 PAX

Standard RoPax 13 1 500–2,250 LM 15

180–1,500 PAX

Ferry 7 1,000–2,300 LM 32
900–2,300 PAX

RoRo 7 1,600-2,200 LM 12
12 PAX

Fast craft 1 765 LM 20

900 PAX

37

*March 2017, excluding 4 newbuilding RoPax with dely 2019/20.

29 ships are owned.
Our network and the SECA regulation, January 2015
 The methanol conversion project - summary
The world’s first pilot project to convert a ship to
methanol-diesel operation (DF)

2013 - Suitable vessel/route identified

EU support granted

2014 - Development/test of conversion kit by Wärtsilä

Supply agreement with Methanex
Risk analyses in the Ports of Kiel and Gothenburg
Rules in place for IMO IGF–code and Class (LR & DnV)

Built 2001 in Spain

2015 - Q1 shipyard conversion at Remontowa Length 240 m
Bunkering station built on quayside in Gothenburg Breadth 28,7 m
Draught 6,15 m
Cargo Capacity 4 000 lane meters
Passenger capacity 1 300
2015/16 - Engines convert to methanol one at a time Main engines 4 x Wärtsila 8ZAL40S, 6000 kW
Big interest and recognition from marine industry Conversion budget (ship) >€11 million
Why? Because we need to maintain shipping as the
‘greenest’ mode of transport
10000

Aviation
1000
EEOI in gCO2 per t.km

100
Road
Shipping
Rail

10

1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Average payload tonnes
CO2 levels of Methanol
Life cycle environmental impact
can be adjusted by
blending in BioMethanol

120%

100% 102% 100% 100% 100%

100% 95% 95%
90%

80%
HFO (1%)
MGO (0,1%)
60% LNG
MeOH (NG)
40% MeOH biomass

20%
20%
10% 10% 10% 10% 12%
5% 5% 5%
0% 0% 0%
0%
CO2 SO2 NOX PM
 Pilot vessel - Stena Germanica
Built 2001 at Astilleros Espanoles
(AESA), Puerto Real

LOA 240 m Capacity 1,300 pax

Beam 29 m 4,000 lane meters
Draft 6,1 m Heightened at Remontowa Shipyard,
Swedish flag
Crew 50 – 70 pax Gdansk 2010

3 x bow thrusters
Four Wärtsilä-Sulzer 4-stroke Extended 52 meters in Lloyd Werft,
main engines Bremerhaven 2007
23,000 kW
3+1+1 auxiliary engines Kiel – Gothenburg, 13 hour passage
2 x Controllable pitch propellers 21 knots steaming
365 trips/year
Preparation of the main propulsion machinery, 4 x Wärtsilä 8ZAL40S
was done at Remontowa shipyard in Gdansk during Q1 2015
 Stena Germanica upgrade at Remontowa
SOLAS alternative design with risk Upgrading of fire
Bunkering system + analyses by Lloyds alarm system
New bunkering
facility on quay Inert Gas System with New high Safety and fire
two generators and pressure common education for safety
Upgraded engine control system and
nitrogen tank rail system crew
eight dual diesel/methanol injectors
per engine (Wärtsilä development)

Pump
Engine Fuel
room
room tank

Flame and gas detectors in engine Separate ventilation system

room in pump room with airlock.
New sensors for leakage Ballast tank in double bottom
Four additional (high converted to 500 cbm zink coated
pressure) fuel pumps methanol fuel tank with IGS
installed - and electrical New double walled piping
switchboard room. between pump room and
engine (60 m)
Engine before and after conversion
 Dual fuel technology: Test results
 NOx 3-5 g/kWh (Low Tier II, no major conversion)
 CO (< 1 g/kWh)
 THC (< 1 g/kWh)
 PM only from MGO pilot (FSN ~ 0,1)
 SOx only from MGO pilot (99% reduction)
 Formaldehyde emissions (~ below TA-luft)
 No Formic acid detected in exhaust gases
 No reduction in output and load response unchanged, full fuel redundancy
 Higher efficiency (tests shows lower fuel consumption in methanol mode)

Methanol or diesel can be selected as source of energy in a fast and reliable way
without stopping the engines and without losses in engine speed and output.
 METHANOL as marine fuel

Potential Challenges

• SOx & NOx less 90% and NOx less 60% in
emissions.
• Easy to handle (liquid) with efficient
infrastructure .
• Large commodity. Feedstock is natural
gas (LNG).
• Green methanol development (Bio- and
CO2 captured methanol).
• Dissolves in water.
• Low flashpoint and viscosity
• Corrosive
• Volume/low energy content
(half compared with oil)
• Regular bunker currently price
competitive
• Fossil
• Conversion less than LNG but
still costly
 Other projects in different sizes

Green pilot – Waterfront shipping and Metaship, Leanships

Swedish Maritime partners – new-building New-building designs
Administration of 7 dual fuel 50,000 dwt being developed of
converting a pilot MR tankers at Hyundai cruise ship, ferry etc.
boat to run on bio- Mipo and Minaminippon from Meyer Werft
methanol. during 2016. 2-stroke and others
MAN engines.
 Our methanol project has been making waves
Winner:
1. Swedish Maritime Day “Innovation Award
2015”
2. Green Ship Technology: “GST Ship-owner of the
year”
3. The Swedish Confederation of Transport
Enterprises “2015 Pegasus award”
4. 2015 Global Business Excellence Awards UK
"Outstanding Green Initiative Award“
5. Shippax Awards 2015 – The Eco Award
6. European Marine Engineering Conference
Awards – Ship of the year 2016

Finalist:
• The Economist’s “Ocean Innovation Challenge “
• Seatrade Awards “Clean Shipping Award”
• Fathom Ship Efficiency Awards 2015 as
“Sustainable Ship Operator of the Year”
• Lloyds Global Awards 2015 “Environmental
Award”
 Methanol – lessons learned so far
• Conversion project requires very
detailed planning as there is no
roadmap.
• Shipyard conversion went according to
plan but planning a ship design from
scratch is easier.
• A few incidents adjusting the safety-
and injection valves to the fuel
pressure. New had to be manufactured
and changed which has caused some
delay.
• Approving a new fuel has taken
long
• Important for ships crew to be
motivated as it is work intense.
• Difficult to predict energy prices.
• We are satisfied so far – a
technically sustainable
alternative over time.
Connecting Europe for a Sustainable future
Parallel projects - Containerized Energy Storage System
• First step in company long term battery plan.
• Installation 1H 2018 of containerized battery pack of about
1,000 kWh. The solution could fit any ship. No limit of deck area.
• Charging both by green electricity in both ports and by ships aux
engines.
• Vessels ESS system to be used as
• Power supply for two bow thrusters during maneuvering Stena Jutlandica - Built 1996 (RoPax)
Passenger capacity 1,500
• Peak shaver at normal seagoing operation (fluctuation in power need Lanemeters 2,750
covered by batteries) About 1,400 voyages / year SGF
• Safety back-up when maneuvering in narrow waters Aux engines 4*1,540 kW

• It will lower emission, noise and maintenance + added goodwill.

• Total investment 25 MSEK, saving abt 1,5 MSEK/year. Payback
about 10 years depending on bunker costs and external support.
• EU grants applied within the CEF program 30% of total
investment. Sjöfartsverket potentially 20% of total investment.
• First large plug-in hybrid RoPax in the world and first step
towards a fossil free ship Göteborg-Fredrikshavn 2030.