Problemas de Regresión y Correlación I

1. In a laboratory containing polarographic equipment, six samples of dust were taken at

various distances from the polarograph and the mercury content of each sample was
determined. The following results were obtained.
Distance from polarograph, m 1.4 3.8 7.5 10.2 11.7 15.0
-1
Mercury concentration, ng g 2.4 2.5 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.2
Examine the possibility that the mercury contamination arose from the polarograph.

2. The response of a colorimetric test for glucose was checked with the aid of standard
glucose solutions. Determine the correlation coefficient from the following data and
comment on the result
Glucose concentration, mM 0 2 4 6 8 10
Absorbance 0.002 0.150 0.294 0.434 0.570 0.704

3. The following results were obtained when each of a series of standard silver solutions was
analysed by flame atomic-absorption spectrometry.
Concentration, ng ml-1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Absorbance 0.003 0.127 0.251 0.390 0.498 0.625 0.763
Determine the slope and intercept of the calibration plot, and their confidence limits.

4. An ion-selective electrode (ISE) determination of sulphide from sulphate reducing

bacteria was compared with a gravimetric determination. The results obtained were
expressed in milligrams of sulphide.
Sample: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sulphide (ISE
108 12 152 3 106 11 128 12 160 128
method):
Sulphide
105 16 113 0 108 11 141 11 182 118
(gravimetry):
Comment on the suitability of the ISE method for this sulphide determination. (Al-Hitti,
I.K., Moody, G.J. and Thomas, J.D.R, 1983, Analyst, 108: 43)

5. In the determination of lead in aqueous solution by electrochemical atomic absorption

spectrometry with graphite-probe atomisation, the following results were obtained:
Lead concentration, ng ml-1 10 25 50 100 200 300
Absorbance 0.05 0.17 0.32 0.60 1.07 1.40
Investigate the linear calibration range of this experiment. (Based on Giri, S.K., Shields,
C.K., Littlejohn D. and Ottaway, J.M., 1983, Analyst, 108: 244)
6. In a study of the complex formed between europium (III) ions and pyridine-2, 6-
dicarboxylic acid (DPA), the absorbance values of solutions containing different DPA/Eu
concentrations were determined, with the following results:
Absorbance 0.008 0.014 0.024 0.034 0.042 0.050 0.055 0.065
DPA/Eu 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Absorbance 0.068 0.076 0.077 0.073 0.066 0.063 0.058
DPA/Eu 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
Use these data to determine the slopes and intercepts of two separate straight lines.
Estimate their intersection point and its standard deviation, thus determining the
composition of the DPA–europium complex formed. (Based on Arnaud, N., Vaquer, E.
and Georges, J., 1998, Analyst, 123: 261).

7. In an experiment to determine hydrolysable tannins in plants by absorption spectroscopy

the following results were obtained:
Absorbance 0.084 0.183 0.326 0.464 0.643
Concentration, mg ml-1 0.123 0.288 0.562 0.921 1.420
Use a suitable statistics or spreadsheet program to calculate a quadratic relationship
between absorbance and concentration. Using R2 and R’2 values, comment on whether the
data would be better described by a cubic equation. (Based on Willis, R.B. and Allen,
P.R., 1998, Analyst, 123: 435).

8. The following results were obtained in an experiment to determine spermine by high-

performance thin layer chromatography of one of its fluorescent derivatives:
Fluorescence intensity 36 69 184 235 269 301 327
Spermine, ng 6 18 30 45 60 75 90
Determine the best polynomial calibration curve through these points. (Based on Linares,
R.M., Ayala, J.H., Afonso, A.M. and Gonzalez, V., 1998, Analyst, 123: 725).

9. Sweetness of orange juice. The quality of the orange juice produced by a manufacturer
(e.g., Minute Maid, Tropicana) is constantly monitored. There are numerous sensory and
chemical components that combine to make the best tasting orange juice. For example,
one manufacturer has developed a quantitative index of the ‘‘sweetness’’ of orange juice.
(The higher the index, the sweeter the juice.) Is there a relationship between the sweetness
index and a chemical measure such as the amount of water-soluble pectin (parts per
million) in the orange juice? Data collected on these two variables for 24 production runs
at a juice manufacturing plant are shown in the table. Suppose a manufacturer wants to
use simple linear regression to predict the sweetness (y) from the amount of pectin (x).
 a) Find the least squares line for the data.
b) Interpret ^β 0 and ^β 1 in the words of the problem.
c) Predict the sweetness index if amount of pectin in the orange juice is 300 ppm.

10.
11.

12.
Grupo 1: 1, 4, 7, 10
Grupo 2: 2, 5, 8, 11
Grupo 3: 3, 6, 9, 12