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5. Apparatus 5.7 Trowel, having a steel blade 4 to 6 in. [100 to 150 mm]
in length, with straight edges.
5.1 Weights and Weighing Devices, shall conform to the
requirements of Specification C1005. The weighing device 5.8 Moist Cabinet or Room, conforming to the require-
shall be evaluated for precision and accuracy at a total load of ments of Specification C511.
2000 g. 5.9 Testing Machine, either the hydraulic or the screw type,
5.2 Glass Graduates, of suitable capacities (preferably large with sufficient opening between the upper bearing surface and
enough to measure the mixing water in a single operation) to the lower bearing surface of the machine to permit the use of
deliver the indicated volume at 20 °C. The permissible varia- verifying apparatus. The load applied to the test specimen shall
tion shall be 62 mL. These graduates shall be subdivided to at be indicated with an accuracy of 61.0 %. If the load applied by
least 5 mL, except that the graduation lines may be omitted for the compression machine is registered on a dial, the dial shall
the lowest 10 mL for a 250-mL graduate and for the lowest 25 be provided with a graduated scale that can be read to at least
mL of a 500-mL graduate. The main graduation lines shall be the nearest 0.1 % of the full scale load (Note 2). The dial shall
circles and shall be numbered. The least graduations shall be readable within 1 % of the indicated load at any given load
extend at least one seventh of the way around, and intermediate level within the loading range. In no case shall the loading
graduations shall extend at least one fifth of the way around. range of a dial be considered to include loads below the value
that is 100 times the smallest change of load that can be read
5.3 Specimen Molds, for the 2-in. or [50-mm] cube speci-
on the scale. The scale shall be provided with a graduation line
mens shall be tight fitting. The molds shall have not more than
equal to zero and so numbered. The dial pointer shall be of
three cube compartments and shall be separable into not more
sufficient length to reach the graduation marks; the width of the
than two parts. The parts of the molds when assembled shall be
end of the pointer shall not exceed the clear distance between
positively held together. The molds shall be made of hard metal
the smallest graduations. Each dial shall be equipped with a
not attacked by the cement mortar. For new molds the
zero adjustment that is easily accessible from the outside of the
Rockwell hardness number of the metal shall be not less than
dial case, and with a suitable device that at all times until reset,
55 HRB. The sides of the molds shall be sufficiently rigid to
will indicate to within 1 % accuracy the maximum load applied
prevent spreading or warping. The interior faces of the molds
to the specimen.
shall be plane surfaces and shall conform to the tolerances of
Table 1. 5.9.1 If the testing machine load is indicated in digital form,
5.3.1 Cube molds shall be checked for conformance to the the numerical display must be large enough to be easily read.
design and dimensional requirements of this test method at The numerical increment must be equal to or less than 0.10 %
least every 2½ years. of the full scale load of a given loading range. In no case shall
the verified loading range include loads less than the minimum
5.4 Mixer, Bowl and Paddle, an electrically driven mechani- numerical increment multiplied by 100. The accuracy of the
cal mixer of the type equipped with paddle and mixing bowl, indicated load must be within 1.0 % for any value displayed
as specified in Practice C305. within the verified loading range. Provision must be made for
5.5 Flow Table and Flow Mold, conforming to the require- adjusting to indicate true zero at zero load. There shall be
ments of Specification C230/C230M. provided a maximum load indicator that at all times until reset
TABLE 2 Precision
Acceptable
Coefficient
Range of
Test Age, of
Test
days Variation,
Results, d2s
1s %A
%A
Portland Cements
Constant water-cement ratio:
Single laboratory 1 3.1 8.7
3 3.9 10.9
7 3.9 10.9
28 3.8 10.6
Average ... 3.7 10.4
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
the spreadsheet, list results of each batch in columns and A1.5.2 The limit for deviation of the individual rounds (no
complete the calculations as shown in Table A1.1. failures being allowed when 4 rounds are performed) is 1.2
s%ML,n, as used in Test Methods C114.
A1.1.1 Eliminate any outliers from the test data and repeat
the calculations until none of the values lie outside the normal A1.5.3 The multi-laboratory precision (1s%) for the mean
range. of 4 rounds is 0.5 s%ML,n.
A1.1.2 Tabulate the cube strengths with all the outliers A1.5.4 The limit for deviation of the mean of 4 rounds
eliminated and complete the calculations as shown in Table (95 % confidence) is 1.96 times this, or 0.98 s%ML,n .
A1.2. A1.5.5 The values for s%ML and s%SO for Cement Classes
A and C (non-air-entrained cements for concrete and cements
A1.2 Summary of Results—Compile the results of the four for mortar respectively) are the 7-day values in the current
rounds and complete the calculations as shown in Table A1.3. precision statement of Test Method C109/C109M. There ap-
The number of outliers shall not exceed 5 % of the total pears to be no data for Cement Class B (air-entrained cements
number of tests when rounded to the nearest whole number (for for concrete). Working on the assumption that the value of this
example, 4 rounds × 4 batches × 9 cubes = 144 tests × quantity is related to the air content, the values adopted for
(5%/100) = 7.2 or 7). Class B are the mean of the A- and C-values.
A1.3 Precision Qualification —Calculate the relative within A1.5.6 For the applicable conditions, the equations above
batch error (RWBE %) as shown in Table A1.3. This value give the following:
must be less than 2.1 % to comply with the limit established in Derivation of Limits for
Note 10 of this specification. Table A1.4
Cement Class A B C A B C
A1.4 Bias Qualification—The test results compiled in Table Batches per Round (n) 6 6 6 4 4 4
Single Operator s% 3.6 5.75 7.9 3.6 5.75 7.9
A1.3 are evaluated against three limits to demonstrate an (single batch)
acceptable qualification. The limits have been established Multi-Laboratory s% 6.4 9.1 11.8 6.4 9.1 11.8
statistically from analyses of historical CCRL data and are (single batch)
Multi-Laboratory s% (n 5.5 7.4 9.3 5.6 7.6 9.6
given in Table A1.4. batches)
Limit for deviation of a 6.6 8.9 11.2 6.7 9.1 11.5
A1.5 Rationale for the Limits Given in A1.4: single round %
Limit for deviation of 5.4 7.3 9.2 5.5 7.5 9.4
A1.5.1 The multi-laboratory precision (1s%) for the average mean of four rounds %
of n batches is given by:
5 Œ o
Cube
s X 2 X bd 2
Nb 2 1
Nbv
(Nbv-1)SDbv2
=
=
number of valid tests per batch,
an intermediate calculation,
Nrv = total number of valid tests of the round,
Nb = number of tests per batch, Xrv = grand average of valid tests for the round, MPa,
(Nb−1)SDb2 = an intermediate calculation, SDrv = mean standard deviation of the round
Nr = total number of tests per round,
Xr
SDr
=
=
grand average of tests values obtained per round, MPa,
mean standard deviation of round 5 ŒoBatch
f s N bv 2 1 d SDbv
N rv 2 1
2
g
5 Œ o
Batch
f s N b 2 1 d SD2b g
Nr 2 1
Er
REr
=
=
error = (Xi – Xrv), MPa, and
relative error for the round, % = 100(Er/Xrv).
Normal Range:
Maximum = (Xb + MND).
Minimum = (Xb − MND).
Outlier = any test value falling outside the calculated normal range.
where:
Xr = industry average strength, MPa,
Xrv = grand mean value of the valid tests of a round,
RErv, % = relative error = 100(Xi − Xrv),
Nrv = total number of valid tests of the round,
SDrv = mean standard deviation of a round
5 Œo Batch
f s N bv 2 1 d SDrv2 g
N rv 2 1
5 Œo Round
f s N rv 2 1 d SDrv2 g
Ng 2 1
where:
MREr, % = the maximum relative error, % obtained for any round (from
values in column F, Table A1.3),
MAREr, % = the maximum allowable relative error, % of any Round
(Table A1.4),
GRE, % = the grand average of the REr, % values of the four rounds,
MAREg, % = maximum allowed GRE, % value (average of column F,
Table A1.3), and
CL, % = bias confidence limit, %, the confidence with which it can be
stated that the error of the mean of 4 rounds is non-zero.
Calculate this by use of Excel® function 9=ttest(<range of
industry means>,<range of values obtained>,1,1)9 or
equivalent, or use statistical tables to find the confidence in
a one-tailed, paired-value t-test on the set of round errors.
NOTE 1—The qualification method fails for bias if (1) the MREr
exceeds the MAREr, % limit; or if (2) the GRE, % exceeds the MGREg
limit and the CL, % exceeds 95 %.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(C109/C109M – 12) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2013)
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