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A.Research Background
Reading is one of activity when someone looks into a written text and read to get
information from the read. It is because reading is a process to get a lot of knowledge from
written text and interaction process between the text and the reader. It means that the process
of learning is based on the ability to read. The abality of reading is standard capabilities in
English that must be actived at all levels of education including in junior high school. So,
reading skill becomes the priority that must be mastered by the student. it is the main tool to
learn English in reading skill because by read the text the student will gain the benefit such as
get new vocabulaies to enrich their knowledge, understand the grammatical structure, getting
new idea. (The first paragraph seems good but lacks of theories, the researcher could put
some citation about the important of reading and what reading is)
In brief, reading is the key to learn the language. Reading is a serious activity since it
requires more concentration in order to comprehend the text. Furthermore, reading is the
activity which involves two aspects: pronouncing the words and comprehending the content
of the text. However, even though the different aspects exist in reading, the main point is
getting the information from the readable source by comprehending the content. Reading also
is reading a text with understanding in order to extract and process the information
efficiently. It is the process of constructing meaning from text. Pearson and Fielding
(1991:815-860) state“ Reading with students and helping them practice specific reading
components can dramatically improve their ability to read. Scientific research shows that
there are five essential components of reading that students must be taught in order to read.”
Teachers can help the students to learn to be good readers by systematically practicing these
five components. The first component is the students to be taught by the teacher using sounds
to train their hearing reading. The second component is the students to be taught to
understand the relationships between written letters and spoken sounds. It can help the
develop the ability to read the text accurately by focusing on decoding words instead of
meaning. The next is the student need to learn the meaning and pronunciation of words by
active build and expand their knowledge. The last component is the students need to be
taught by the teacher use the reading understand the word and connect the word as
communication. (the second paragraph is not connecting with the title, the title talks about
narrative and flashcard but in the second paragraph researcher put misunderstanding ideas
about spoken reading and pronouncing, or if there is any correlation between pronouncing
,spoken reading and flashcard the researcher could put the theories by the experts)
In the process of the reading the students are expected to be able to comprehend the
text such as the meaning of the text, ideas, thoughts, messages that are written down in the
text. It is one of learning ways for students to enrich their ability and knowledge.
Furthermore, the most important things of reading in language learning English is how to get
meaning of vocabularies.
Reading is very essential in daily life, especially in academic field. By reading a text,
students will get much information that is useful for their life. Students should be able to read
English text in order to get the knowledge of certain topic. According to Harmer, (1994: 68)
there are some reasons why the teacher should get the students to read English text. First,
many students want to be able to read English text either for their career, for study purposes
or simply for pleasure. Second, reading is also useful for other purposes: any exposure of
English is a good thing for language students. Next, some of the language stick in their minds
as parts of the process of language acquisition, and, if the reading text is especially interesting
order to be readers, learners must take their ability to pronounce words and to “read” pictures
and then make the words and images mean something. So, reading is more than just
pronouncing words from the text but the learners should also catch what the text means.
amount of information, held up for students to see, as an aid to learning. Through flashcard
help the student to understand what the read and make the student enjoyable when the read
some reading. Teaching and learning should be exciting and satisfying for both teacher and
students. The English teacher has to think a suitable way, subject material and how to apply it
in classroom. The English teachers demanded to be a teacher who success in teaching foreign
language especially teaching reading skill subject. They should be creative to teach this
subject in various ways and stimulate students in order to feel comfortable in learning it and
they understand the materials, because English is not the first language for Indonesian
students. English teachers have to be able to organize teaching language activities and make
the student be able to understand what the study. flashcard help the teacher in teaching, make
learning easy and fan for the student. Narrative text is a story with complication or
problematic events and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part
of narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative
through a process narration. The purpose of narrative text is to amuse or to entertain the
meaning from written text as a piece of communication. The indicators of reading are word
The statement of problem of this research is does the use flashcards in teaching narrative text
to improve student reading skill at the junior high school seventh grade?
2. How effective is using flashcards in teaching narrative text to improve reading skill at
LITERATURE REVIEW
This study describes the concepts which are related to the research,, concept of
teaching learning with flashcard, concept of flashcards. This chapter also describes advantage
of using flashcards.
Based on this finding of this research, that use flashcard might become one of the solutions
for the teachers to bring the students more easily to comprehend the text especially narrative
text. the researcher focused on how to get the information of the narrative text. In reading
process, the reader should comprehend what they read to get the informations from the text.
Harvey ( 2012, p. 2) states that comprehension is a process that involves thinking, teaching,
past experiences, and knowledge. Reading comprehension requires the reader to actually
know and understand what they are reading. Brassell and Rasinski (2008, p. 17-18) stated
that reading comprehension is the ability to take information from written text and do
Flashcards are a set of cards with a picture and word on one side and it is meaning
usually in translation on the other (Lado, 1983). It mean that flashcards include word or
phrase. We know that vocabulary is very essential in learning English so that word in
flashcards can be used to learn and teach vocabulary. Then, he states that flashcards may
have a picture or the native language word on one side and the second language word on the
other.
flashcards are :
1. It can help the students to ease themselves in memorizing words they have learned.
2. It can be brought everywhere because the size of the cards is not too big.
3. It gives variation in teaching. The teacher is not only to teach and explain the lesson
4. Flashcards are very helpful to refresh the students mind before starting the new lesson
plan.
flashcards are :
1. Flashcards cannot be used at all level. For those who have already large amount of
Flashcard is a card bearing number, word, or picture that someone briefly display to another
as learning aid (Webster 1988:514). Wright (1968:73) also says that flashcard is printed with
words and picture which can be handled easily by the teacher. It means that the teacher could
create the flashcards and the size of the flashcards could be determined. Lado(1983) states
flashcards are cards with a picture on one side and a word or phrase in the second and native
language on the other. It is visible that it is designed for increasing students learning ability.
Thus, the function of flashcards in learning vocabulary is as one of visual aids. Kreidler
(1986) says that visual aid can be useful to the language teacher by helping him create
situations which are out side the classroom walls, introduce students to unfamiliar cultural
aspects, give the reality to what might be misunderstood verbally by the students, change
situation, quickly and easily in a drill. Weaver(1950) classifies the kinds of visual aids as
follows:
1. Symbolic aids, those aids that supplement the written and spoken words.
2. Equipments, those aids that can be used, such as blackboard and television.
The ideas above clearly show that flashcard as one of visual aids is very important in leraning
vocabulary and teaching narrative text . In other to help students to master a new language,
they have to master an adequate number of vocabulary. In other words, we can say that the
quality of the language performance of the students may depend on the quality and the
quality of the vocabulary that the students have. The more and the better vocabulary they