8 A np FS Ae = RIGID FRAME FORMULAS Explicit Formulas oof all statical quantities for those single-panel frames which occur in practical steel, reinforced conerete. and timber construction By Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. KLEINLOGEL 114 rigid frame shapes with 1578 figures General and special load conditions including temperature changes Tatroduction and appendix with load terms and illustrative examples SARGENT, & LUNDY, (TECHNICAL LIBRARY. MAR 4 1980 EC SS —$——<—$———— CRT U nnn FREDERICK UNGAR PUBLISHING CO. NEW YORKSecond American Edition ‘Translated from the German RAHMENFORMELN ‘Twelfth Edition By arrangement with Verlag Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin Seventh Printing, 1980 ISBN 0-8044-4551-6 Copyright® 1952, 1958 by Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. Copyright 1939 by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn ‘Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 58-6789 Foreword to the First American Edition By I. F. Morrison Professor of Applied Mechanics, University of Alberta ‘The practical design of statically and error process, Because the elastic equations are dependent on the ‘ubstance, as well as on the form of the proposed structure, it is necessary ime the size of each member in advance. This is based primarily on the experience of the designer, but these assumptions most then be justifed by computation, and, as a rule, more than one trial is necessary to arrive at the final design. ‘The setting-up and solution of the elastic equations for the chosen redundant quantities involve much more work than the analysis of the comparatively simple statically determinate cases. Anything. which will facilitate this work is therefore desirable, and such aids are often to be found in the algebraic formulas which are the solutions of the elastic equations in general terms. Since the first appearance of Professor Kleinlogel's Rahmenformeln in 1913, this remarkable hook has gone through eleven German editions. From time to t d and enlarged from its initial form and now embraces nearly all of the practical singlexpan types of the rigid Trame. This new English-language edition in one volume makes the book readily available to the structural engineer unfamiliar with German, During the last fifty years, substantial progress has been made in structural analysis and design, but during the early part of this period there was some reluctance in practice to adopt indeterminate types. Thi war due chiefly to the dificult and often lengthy computations required nd, #0 Tong as the numerical computations were time-consuming, the ‘detign office frowned on such procedures and preferred the more quickly computed statically determinate types. However, increasing costs and th more precise design of aircraft structures produced a demand for greater ‘cconomy of material, and the advantages of continuity, stiffness and ‘economy of the rigid frame, both in welded metal and reinforced conerete, ‘ame to be recognized. But, although systematic methods of stress analysis sere developed, the demand for rapid computation, especially for pre- Timinary design, still remained, and a handbook of reliable, compact formulas became more and more desirable.‘The introduction of European methods of structural analysis, well developed there just before the turn of the century, came slowly on this continent and ent ‘such methods came to be well established, there was ttle inclination among American engineers to indulge in the prodigious task of working out a large number of cases in tlgebraie form. And even today this has never been done to any great extent. ‘Owing to its pictorial character, this book is, in a sense, unique. The reproduction of the large numbers of diagrams of which it is comprised hhas made it necessary to retain the original notation, which differs some- what from that familiar to the American engineer, but the use of J instead of I for the moment of inertia and of F instead of A for the area of the cross-section of a structural member should present no practical difficulty. Other features, such as the sign-convention, are also different, but these are fully explained in the text and will offer no handicap 10 those familiar with the subject. ‘The practical use of this handbook may be ssid to be threefold. First, the formalas for the bending moments and reactions on rigid frames of a number of different types, and many loading conditions, may be used to eecure results rapidly by the direct substitution of numerical values. Designers, even without advanced training in structural analysis, can avail themselves of the advantages of the rigid frame by ite direet use and with but little added effort, influence lines, or tables, can be readily con- structed as described in detail in the text. Second, for those who are experienced in advanced analysis, the Mohr equation, aided by the diagrams in the book, will give a ready and rapid Tnethod for computing displacements of rigid frame structures, The moment-area theorems can be applied without dificulty. ‘Third, the rigid frames, themselves statically indeterminate, can be ‘used as units in adopting a “primary structure” dealing with cases of more highly indeterminate frames, and so bring such structures within the range of easy computation by means of the Maxwell-Mohr work equation ory if one prefers, the slope-deflection equations, This extends considerably the field of practical application in the design of auch structures and makes ivailable an accurate and rapid method of analysis of structures which sSald heretofore be handled only by approximate methods or by lengthy ‘numerical computations. -Ww- LEM. Edmonton, Alberta June, 1951 Preface to the 12th edition ‘The present 12th edition encompasses the same number of pages and frame shapes as the 11th edition, However, eleven frames have been omitted in order to create space for eleven entirely new frame shapes. The former can be easily obtained as special cases of the tabulated frames. The eleven new frames are divided into three groups. Group T (frames 17 through 21) is a series of symmetrical triangular frames with tie rods and various end conditions of the diagonals; group TI (frames 38 and 45) consists of a symmetrical and an unsymmetrical fixed rec ‘angular frame with hinged knees; group IIL (frames 68-72) is sheds with hinged or fixed bases and with or without t levels. These new frames were added in response to the wishes of many users of the book. ‘With few exceptions, no changes have been made in the arrangement ‘and form of the formulas; a small number of them have been transposed for easier use. All loading cases have been renumbered by a system X/Y. Here X denotes the frame shape (from 1 through 114) and Y the loading condition for that particular frame, each time starting out with 1. For all 32 symmetrical frames, new antisymmetrical loading cases have been added to the symmetrical ones. This enables the urer to obtain any umaymmetrical loading as the sum of a symmetrical and an anti symmetrical loading. "As before, no general normal loads on inclined members have been considered, because the corresponding formulas would not be simpler than the superposition of the formulas for the vertical and horizontal load Components, Nonetheless the triangular frames and some of the others centbin loading conditions for normal loads on inclined members in Tine with some building code specifications. ‘The former 9%, and 9; which denote the static moments of the load resultant about the supports have been redesignated — ©, and @,. This follows the notation used by other authors, and the former quantities will henceforth denote fixed-end moments (FEM) exclusively. ‘The Introduction has been considerably shortened. The derivation for the load terms £. and M® has been omitted because it proved too ries of