Bases and Surface Courses (Bituminous) Section 500 505.8 Measurement for Payment Dense Graded Bituminous Materials shall be measured as finished work either in cubic metres, tonnes or by the square metre at a specified thickness as indicated in the Contract drawings, or documents, or as otherwise directed by the Engineer. 505.9 Rate The contract unit rate for Dense Graded Bituminous Macadam shall be payment in full for carrying out all the required operations as specified and shall include, to all components listed in Clause 501.8.8.2. The rate shall include the provision of bitumen, at 4 percent and 4.5 percent by weight of the total mixture for grading 1 and grading 2 respectively. The variation in actual percentage of bitumen used shall be assessed and the payment adjusted plus or minus accordingly. 506 SAND ASPHALT BASE COURSE 506.1 Scope This work shall consist of a base course composed of a mixture of sand, mineral filler where: required and bituminous binder, placed and compacted upon a prepared and accepted sub- base in accordance with these Specifications and the Jines, levels, grades, dimensions and ctoss sections shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Note: Sand Asphalt Base course is used in special situations like quality coarse aggregates not being available within economical leads and/or water needed for conventional base course not being readily available, as in desert areas. 506.2 Materials 506.2.1 Bitumen The bitumen shall be paving bitumen of viscosity grade VG 30 or VG 20, as specified in the Contract, conforming to IS:73. 506.2.2 Sand The sand shall be clean, naturally occurring or blended material free from any deleterious substances, dry and well graded within the limits given in Table 500-14 and with other physical properties conforming to the requirements of this Table. 183Section 500 Bases and Surface Courses (Bituminous) Table 500-14 : Sand Grading and Physical Requirements Sieve Size (mm) Cumulative Percentage by Weight of Total Aggregate Passing 9.5 100 475 85-100 2.36 80-100 1.48 70-98 0.60 55-95 0.30 30-75 0.15 10-40 0.075 4-10 Plasticity Index (%) 6 max. ‘Sand equivalent (|$:2720 Part 37) 30 min Los Angeles Abrasion Value 40 max. (18:2386, Part 4) Note = Maximum thickness for sand asphalt is 80 mm. 506.2.3 Filler When required, filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock dust, hydrated lime or cement as approved by the Engineer. The filler shall conform to Clause 505.2.4, 506.3 Mix Design 506.3.1 Requirements for the Mix ‘Apart from conformity with the grading and quality requirements for individual ingredients, the mixture shall meet the requirements set out in Table 500-15. 506.3.2 Binder Content The binder content shall be optimized to achieve the requirements of the mix set out in Table 500-15. The Marshall method for determining the optimum binder content shall be adopted as described in the Asphalt Institute Manual MS-2. 184Bases and Surface Courses (Bituminous) Section 500 Table 500-15 : Requirements for Sand Asphalt Base Course Parameter Requirement Minimum stability (kN at 60°C) 2.0 Minimum flow (mm) 2 ‘Compaction level (Number of blows) 2x75 Percent air voids 3-5 Percent voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) 16 min. Percent voids filled with bitumen (VFB) 65-75 506.3.3, Job Mix Formula The Contractor shall develop the job mix formula proposed for use in the works and submit it to the Engineer for approval together with the following details : i) Source and location of all materials; ii) Proportions of all materials expressed as follows where each is applicable: a) Binder, as percentage by weight of total mixture; b) Sand/Mineral filler as percentage by weight of total aggregate including mineral filler; iii) A single definite percentage passing each sieve for the mixed aggregate; iv) The results of tests enumerated in Table 500-15 as obtained by the Contractor; v) _ Test results of physical characteristics of aggregates to be used; vi) Mixing temperature and compacting temperature. While working out the job mix formula, the Contractor shall ensure that itis based on a correct and truly representative sample of the materials that will actually be used in the work and that the mixture and its different ingredients satisfy the physical and strength requirements of these Specifications. Approval of the job mix formula shall be based on independent testing by the Engineer for which joint samples of all ingredients of the mix shall be furnished by the Contractor as required by the former. The approved job mix formula shall remain effective unless and until modified by the Engineer. Should a change in the source of materials be proposed, a new job mix formula shall be established by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer before actually using the materials. 185