MID SEMESTER TEST

NAME: ABDUL AZIS

CLASS: XII SCIENCE 4
SMA NEGERI 1 MEDAN
T.A 2018-2019
 PREFACE
Assalamualaikum wr.wb
First of all, let’s thanks to allah SWT, who as given us
mercies and blessings, so , me as the writer can finish this
assingment which is about “ the kind of text”.
The purpose of writing this assignment is to fulfill the
assignment that given by Mr. Suwanto as my English teacher
This assignment contains many kinds of the text to discussion
about their defination, different, the general structure and the
language features of the text that can help us with information
about the type of the text.
I hope that my writing is useful for everyone who reads it,
apologize if there is an mistake.
Medan, November 2018

(Abdul Azis)

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Table of contents
Preface..........................................................................................................ii
Table of contents.........................................................................................iii
NarrativeText...............................................................................................1
1. Definition............................................................................................1
2. Purpose...............................................................................................1
3. Generic Structure................................................................................1
4. Language features...............................................................................2
5. Example..............................................................................................3
Descriptive text............................................................................................5
1. Definition...........................................................................................5
2. Purpose...............................................................................................5
3. Generic structure................................................................................5
4. Language features..............................................................................6
5. Example.............................................................................................7
Recount text.................................................................................................8
1. Definition...........................................................................................8
2. Purpose...............................................................................................8
3. Generic structure................................................................................8
4. Language features..............................................................................8
5. Example.............................................................................................
Report text..................................................................................................10
1. Definition.........................................................................................10
2. Purpose.............................................................................................10
3. Generic structure..............................................................................10
4. Language features............................................................................11
5. Example...........................................................................................11
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Procedure text.............................................................................................12
1. Definition..........................................................................................12
2. Purpose.............................................................................................13
3. Generic structure..............................................................................13
4. Language features............................................................................13
5. Example............................................................................................14
Explanation text.........................................................................................15
1. Definition.........................................................................................15
2. Purpose.............................................................................................15
3. Generic structure..............................................................................15
4. Language features............................................................................16
5. Example...........................................................................................16

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Discussion
Text can be classified into several types. The term of type is
sometimes stated as genre. These type of the text are:
1. Narrative text
2. Descriptive text
3. Recount text
4. Report text
5. Procedure Text
6. Explanation Text

1. Narrative Text
A. Definition
Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/non
fiction/tales/folktales/fables/myths/epic) and its plot consists of
climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.
There is usually a moral to be learned at the end of the story.

B. Purpose
A narrative text is a text amuse, entertain and deal with actual or
vicarious experience in different ways. Narrative deal with
problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some
kind, which in turn finds a resolution.

C. The generic sctucture

1. Orientation: it means to introduce the participants or the characters
of the story with the time and place set. Orientation actually exists in

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every text type though it has different term. In this story, the first
paragraph is clearly seen to introduce the participants of the story
2. Complication: it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the
crisis, the story is not a narrative text. In a long story, the complication
appears in several situations. It means that some time there is more
then one complication.
3. Resolution: it is the final series of the events which happen in the
story. The resolution can be good or bad. The point is that it has been
accomplished by the characters. Like complication, there are Major
Resolution and Minor Resolution.
4. Re-orientation: Reorientation is a closing sentence that tells the
last condition of the character in the story or moral message of the
story.

D. Language Features of Narrative

1. Using Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense is used to express the events that have occurred at a
particular time in the past. events can be short or long. Means can also
be several events happening one after one.
2. Using material process
Materials Process also called "Action verbs" is a verb that refers to the
action or actions of the characters, for example: eating (eat / ate /
eaten), sleep (sleep / slept), swimming (swim / swam / swum), etc..
3. Using relation process
Relational Process is also called a "linking verb" (verb interface) that
allows you to connect the subject with the complement (as Subject
Complement). for example, to be (is, am, are, was, were) taste, look,
seem, Become, smell, Consist of, derive from, function as, etc.
4. Using temporal conjunction
Temporal conjunction: Conjunction / conjunctive events while
connecting with one another, as firstly, then, next, afterthat,
meanwhile, at that time, etc.

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5. Using temporal circumstance
Temporal circumstance: Description of time, such as Once, once upon
time, etc.
6. Using Nouns
Using Nouns as pronouns for people, animals and objects in a story.
For example: The Princess, The King, and etc.
7. Using Adjective
Using Adjectives that form a noun phrase. For example: short brown
hair, two monkeys, and etc.

E. Example
A Hungry Crocodile

OrientationOne day, there was a hungry crocodile waiting a prey near the lake in
the jungle.That crocodile hiding under the surface of the lake for a long time, but
there was not yet any prey approaching that lake to drink.That crocodile was so cruel
and thus it had no friend and the other animals hate it so much.

Complication

At the afternoon, the crocodile could not stay any longer to the lake.It finally walked
to the ground.
But that day was unlucky day for that crocodile. After getting at the bank of the lake
suddenly there was a big branch of the tree falling upon its neck. The crocodile could
not move at all.

Not long after the falling branch, finally there was a buffalo coming to the lake to
drink.

The buffalo saw the crocodile and the buffalo was afraid and would leave that lake
soon. But the crocodile asked it sadly to help.

The buffalo felt sad about it and decided to help the crocodile.

But after helping the crocodile, the buffalo got something unexpected.

The crocodile bit the buffalo’s leg and the buffalo shouted loudly asking help for any
other animal near it.

Kancil that was at the way to go to the Lake heard the buffalo’s voice. Kancil run
quickly to see what had happened to the buffalo.

Near the lake, kancil saw the buffalo and the crocodile.

Kancil asked: “what happened?”

And the buffalo answered: “the crocodile bite my leg after I help to remove the big
branch from its neck”.

The crocodile also said: “I’m hungry and you are at my territory, therefore I bit you
poor buffalo.”

The crocodile laughed at the buffalo.

Kancil said to buffalo, “It is impossible you had helped the crocodile, thus the
crocodile had the right to bite you.”

The buffalo said, “I’m not telling a lie. I can prove it.”

Kancil said, “I believe that crocodile is right, but then you can try to prove your telling.
But first crocodile must release your bite, okay?”

Crocodile said, “Okay, it is easy, but after that I will eat the buffalo.”

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Kancil said, “Okay, deal.”

Resolution
The buffalo laid the big branch at the former position, upon the crocodile’s neck.
After that suddenly kancil said, “Lets run buffalo, lets run!”

The buffalo and kancil run as fast as possible and the crocodile had realized that it is
had been fooled by kancil.

The crocodile was still trapped there and there was no one helped it.

2. Descriptive Text
A. Definition
Descriptive Text is a type of the text to describing objects,
places, humans, animals and etc. Descriptive text is to describe what
things or living things we describe, either in appearance, smell, sound,
or texture of the object or living thing.

B. Purpose
The purpose of Descriptive Text is to describe and express
characteristics of certain objects, places, or creatures in general.

C. The generic structure

1. Identification: dentification is a part of the Descriptive Text that
contains the topic or "what" will be described or described
2. Description: Description is the last part of the Descriptive Text
which contains a discussion or description of the topic or "what" is in
the Identification of physical appearance, quality, general behavior
and characteristics.

D. Language Features of Descriptive

1. Using simple present tense
use basic or first form verbs (verb 1) and use verbs that can indicate
ownership or state of an object. Descriptive text uses simple present
tense because the descriptive text tells a fact of the object described.
For example My office has 22 floors, Azka is pretty, and others.
2. Using adjective
Descriptive Text uses various kinds of adjectives that are describing,
numbering, and classifying, for example: two stronglegs, sharp white
fangs, etc
3. Using Relating verbs
Descriptive Text uses Relating Verbs to provide information about the
subject, for example: my mother is really cool, it has very thick fur,
etc.
4. Using Adverbs
Descriptive Text also uses Adverbs to provide additional information
about the behavior described, for example: it is extremely high, it runs
definitively past, etc.
5. Using thinking verbs and feeling verbs
Descriptive Text uses Thinking Verbs such as belive, think, etc. And
Feeling Verbs like feel, to express the author's personal views on the
subject, for example: police believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a
clever animal, etc.

E. Example
Komodo

Identification
Komodo is the biggest lizard in the world. Some people say it is a dragon and the
scientists say that komodo is one of the ancient animals which survive until today.

The original home of that dragon is Komodo Island, Indonesia. But, we can see this
awesome animal at the zoo. I guest every zoo in this world should has this animal.

Description
Komodo is structurally not too different with the other lizard family but because the
shape is so big then this animal is also known as the king of lizard. Komodo grows at
the maximum length of 3 meters with 70-80 kilograms weight.

Komodo is a venomous lizard that hunts any other animal such as birds, and
mammals.

When it bites the other animal, at first the victim would run away and death
somewhere. But after that, komodo would find it because it has tongue and sense of
smell to detect the carrion.

Even it has only single ear bone and bad sight, but using the tongue and the smell
sense it can find the carrion at the radius of 9, 5 km.

Komodo is a dangerous animal which can attack and kill human if there is no other
food to eat. Even this lizard prefers hot and dry place such as grassland, savanna
and forest to stay, but it also can swim at the sea and eat some carrions at the
beach.

3. Recount text
A. Definition
 Recount Text is one type of text in English that retells about
events or experiences in the past

B. Purpose
to provide information or to entertain the reader so that there is
no conflict and communicative.

C. The generic structure

1.Orientation: that is an introduction in the form of providing
information about who, where and when the event or event occurred
in the past.
2.Events: That is a recording of events that occur, usually delivered in
chronological order, such as: “In the first day ... And in the next day
... And in the last day ....” In this section there are also personal
comments about events or events that are told
3.Re-orientation: That is the repetition of the introduction that is in
the orientation, repetition of the summary of events or events that are
told.

D. Language features of recount

1.Using Past Tense
Example: we went to zoo, I was happy, etc.
2.Use Conjunction and Time Connectives
to sort events or events. For example and, but, the, aftar that, etc.
3.Using Adverbs and Adverbial Phrase
to reveal places, times and ways. For example, yesterday, at my
house, slowly, etc.

4.Using Action Verbs

Example: that went, slept, run, brought, etc.
E. Example:
Yogyakarta

Orientation
That day was August 23, 2016. A week before that day I had been preparing
everything. Then, at that day i was ready for my holiday.

At 9 in the morning, I went to the station. The train would arrive at 10 a.m. It took 30
minutes walking from my home to the station. At that station, I bought the ticket to go
to Yogyakarta.

Event
It took around 5 hour to go to Yogyakarta from Tulungagung by train.

I arrived in Tugu Station Yogyakarta at 3.15 pm. I had no fix idea about the places at
which I would visit. So, I was free to do anything in this city.

At first, I went walking around at Malioboro Street. I saw so many people in this
street. Perhaps, they did the same thing as I did, just walking and sometimes
stopped at some street marchandise sellers a long that road.

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At 6 p.m, i was tired and hungry. I was at Alun-Alun Kidul, the south side of
Yogyakarta Palace.

I looked around and find Angkringan, at that place I ordered for a glass of ice tea and
ate some Sego Kucing with Sate and also Gorengan.
After eating, I began to think of where I would get the cheap hotel to stay for several
days in Yogyakarta.

Reorientation
That was my story which I always remember about my holiday at Yogyakarta.

4. Report Text
A. Definition
is a text that serves to provide information about an event or
situation. It is as a result of systematic observation and analyses

B. Purpose
The purpose of the Report Text is to presents information about
something, as it is, as a result of systematic observation or analysis.
What is described can include natural symptoms, environment, man-
made objects, or social symptoms

C. Generic structure
1.General classification: In the section general classification contains
the introduction of phenomena / objects to be discussed by including a
general statement that explains the subject of the report, description,
and classification.
2. Description: In this section usually gives an overview of the
phenomena or situation that occur; both its parts, its characteristics,
habits, or behavior.

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The point is the translation of the classification presented
scientifically.

D. Language Features of Report

1. Using general nouns
an object (whether alive or dead) that is general. Such as ‘Reptiles in
Comodo Island’, etc.
2. Using pertinent verbs
to explain characteristics, such as reptiles are scaly animals (this
feature applies to all reptiles), etc.
3. Using action verbs
in explaining behavior, such as lizards can’t fly, etc.
4. Use the present tense
to declare something common, for example Komodo dragons usually
weight more than 160 kg, etc.
5. Use technical / scientific terms
the meaning is that includes the report text. Examples: water
containing oxygen and hydrogen, etc.
6.Use of relating verbs
to describe features, in grammar it is also called linking verbs.
Examples: to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look, taste

E. Example Giant Panda

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Panda is a white-black colour bear that is originally from China. It is as famous as
dragon as the animal symbol of China.

Even it looks like peaceful and friendly as seen through its colour, but panda is
actually wild and dangerous animal as bear in general.
Panda is also called giant panda as to differ it from red panda which is smaller in
size than giant panda.

Before 2014, IUCN stated that the population is endangered due to the illegal human
hunt.

But then, the Chinese government response this problem seriously and in 2015-
2016, the population is increased and IUCN reclassified the status from endanger to
vulnerable.

Now, the population of giant panda is more than 1864 individuals.

The giant panda is primarily living in the bamboo forest of the Qinling Mountain.

Giant panda is a terrestrial animal, generally solitary and each adult protects its
territory. That is why the female giant panda is not tolerant of the other female panda
in her range area.

The male meets the female only when the mating season. After mating, the male
leaves the female and the female will raise the cub alone.

Even giant panda is classified as carnivore, but in fact it eats bamboo up to 14 kg per
day. Giant panda eat 25 bamboo species in the forest to avoid starving.

As carnivore, like the other bear, giant panda also eat fish, meet, and egg if
available.

5. Procedure Text

A. Definition
Procedure Text is a text of its contens related to how to make,
do, or operate something in sequence. Usually mention various
materials or tools required.

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B. Purpose
To tell the readers how to do or make something things of
action or steps in the right sequence.
C. Generic structure
1. Aim/Goal: In the structure of the first part of the Text Procedure it
contains information about the creation or operation of something.
2. Materials: In the second part, Materials consists of the ingredients
used in making something. But not all Text Procedure include
materials, sometimes a Procedure Text does not have a materials
section.
3. Steps: In the third part it contains steps or sequences that must be
done so that the objectives outlined in the Aim / Goal section can be
achieved. The steps or sequences must be sequential from the first to
the last.

D. Languages features of procedure

1.Using the imperative sentence pattern (Commands)
For example: Cut, Don't mix, etc.
2.Using connectives
To sort activities such as then, while, etc.
3.Using adverbials (adverbs)
To state detailed time, place, accurate methods, for example for five
minutes, 2 hours, etc.
4.Using adverbial of sequence or temporal conjuction
Example: First, second,third, the last
5. Using action verbs
for example turn, put, don't mix, etc.

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6.Using simple present tense

E.Example:
An Easy Way to Clean White Cloth

Goal
If you have difficulty to clean dirty spot on your white cloth and you failed to do that
even you have washed it so many times, I think you have to try this method.

The formula that I will explain bellow also can be used to clean some metal tools or
furniture and also to clean your bathroom or toilet.

Follow the instruction bellow.

1. Water.

2. 1 or 2 tablespoons of citrus acid powder.

To clean bathroom and toilet

1. Plastic bottle of mineral water 1,5 litter (with the bottle cup).

2. Water.

3. 3 tablespoon of citrus acid powder.

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Steps
To clean cloth and metal

1. Fill the washtub with 2 or 3 litter of water, add 1 (for soft dirty spot) or 2
tablespoons of citrus acid powder, stir for a while.

2. Soak your cloth or metal in it for around 1 hour.

3. Wash your cloth and metal normally (using detergent).

To clean bathroom and toilet

1. Fill 3 tablespoon of citrus acid powder and water into the bottle, shut it with
the bottle cup.

2. Make a small hole at the bottle cup.

3. Sprinkle it at the dirty spot of the bathroom floor or toilet, wait for 15 minutes.

4. Rub the dirty spot using brush and water it.

6. Explanation text
A. Definition
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of
natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena.

B. Purpose
To explain the processes involved in the formation or working
of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.

C.The generic structure

1.General statement: about the general explanation of the
phenomenon to be discussed, can be in the form of an introduction
phenomenon or explanation
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2.Squenced explanation: contains an explanation of the process of

why this phenomenon can occur or be created
3.Closing: closing is the last part in sequenced explanation, while
others define that the closing does not exist and the part which is
closing is considered as part of the sequenced of explanation.

D. Language features of explanation

1. Using chronological connection
Example: to begin with, next, etc
2. Use simple present tense
3.Use Passive Voice
4.Use abstract noun
Example: vertical, horizontal, height
5.Conjuction of time
6.Action Verb
Example: Movement, moves

E. Example
RAIN

General statement:
Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world.
It is also providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems. In
addition, rain water is also for for hydroelectric power as well as
plants and crop irrigation. Rain provides us life. However, how does
rain happen?
Squenced explanation:
The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the
water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth's surface water and
causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor then rises
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into the Earth's atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and
condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy
and fall to the earth.
Closing:
When the doprelts fall to the earth, it is called rain. The rain can be in
the form of water or snow. However, not all rain reaches the surface.
Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a
phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

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