Toss-Up & Bonus Questions 2

1. A process of improvement wells to increase the value of permeability.

Performed at wells whose production is decrease caused by the presence of
formation damage (formation damage) around the well by way of improving
the permeability of reservoir rocks. The explanation describes the definition
of?
Answer : Well stimulation

BONUS QUESTION
Mention two methods of stimulation that is often used to increase the
permeability of rocks!
Answer : Acidizing and Hidraullic Fracturing

2. Also called as lithostatic pressure or vertical stress, is the pressure or stress

imposed on a layer of soil or rock by the weight of overlying material. The
explanation describes the definition of?
Answer : Overburden pressure

BONUS QUESTION
Determine the buoyancy factor for a 13.0 ppg fluid
Answer : 0.8015

BF = (65.5 – 13.0) ÷ 65.5

BF = 0.8015

3. Includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and
rigid outer layer of the Earth. What is it?
Answer : lithosphere

BONUS QUESTION
Mention Five types of Identifying Physical Properties of Minerals
Answer :

SEMI FINAL
 Toss-Up & Bonus Questions 2
1. Crystal form
2. Color
3. Streak
4. Luster
5. Cleavage
6. Fracture
7. Hardness
8. Tenacity
9. Specific gravity
10. Taste
11. Magnetism
12. Reaction with acid
13. Striations

4. A measurement taken by oil industry well loggers to characterize rock

formation properties. The log works by measuring small electric potentials
between depths in the borehole and a grounded voltage at the surface. What is
the name of the logging tool?
Answer : Spontaneous Potential log (SP Log)

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three of five factors that can cause the SP curve to be muted or even
inverted.
Answer :
1. Formation bed thickness
2. Resistivities in the formation bed and the adjacent formations
3. Resistivity and make up of the drilling mud
4. Wellbore diameter
5. The depth of invasion by the drilling mud into the formation

SEMI FINAL
 Toss-Up & Bonus Questions 2
5. AAPG is one of the world's largest professional geological societies. The
AAPG works to advance the science of geology (especially in regard to
exploration for and production of petroleum), to promote technology, and to
inspire high professional conduct. What does AAPG stand for?
Answer : American Association of Petroleum Geologists

BONUS QUESTION
Mention two types of packer settings!
Answer :
1. Compression-set
2. Tension-set
3. Mechanical-set
4. Hydraulic-set

6. Thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. the main purpose
for electricity generation and can be used for space heating and hot spring.
what is the name of these resources?
Answer : Geothermal Energy

BONUS QUESTION
What does the function of Cooling Tower used in Geothermal Production!
Answer : to decrease the temperature of water discharged from the condenser
and can be used also for the shelter of water injection. Cooling towers are
heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere.

7. A method of improved oil recovery in which chemicals dissolved in water are

pumped into a reservoir through injection wells to mobilize off left behind
after primary or secondary recovery and to move it toward production wells.
what is the name of the injection, included into the type of chemical
injection!
Answer : Polymer flooding or Micellar-polymer flooding

SEMI FINAL
 Toss-Up & Bonus Questions 2
BONUS QUESTION
What the function of the addition of polymer into the water as the displacing
fluid?
Answer :
Will increase the viscosity of water as a displacing fluid, so that the mobility
of the water is smaller than the original thus become more effective as
displacement mechanism.

8. An index or degree of measurement capability for the production of a well

producing at a certain condition is the definition of?
Answer : Productivity Index

BONUS QUESTION (Kermit vol.1, page 6)

How to determine Specific Productivity Index
Given:
Reservoir Pressures : 2500 psi
Flow Well Pressure : 2200 psi
Oil rate : 200 BPD
Net feet of pay thickness : 20 ft
Answer : 0.0333 bpd/psi/feet

SEMI FINAL
 Toss-Up & Bonus Questions 2
9. A procedure as calibration of permeability data obtained from a
minipermeameter device. When using nitrogen gas for core plug
measurements, correction is usually necessary due to the so called gas
slippage effect. This takes place when the pore space approaches the free path
of the gas. What is the name of the correction factor?
Answer : Klinkenberg correction

BONUS QUESTION (H. Dale Beggs , Gas Production Operations Page

104)
Estimate Reynolds Number, if known
γg (Specific gravity gas) = 0.75
Qsc (Rate) = 4 MMscfd
μ= 0.012 cp
Diameter of Pipe = 2 in
C (constant Variable in Field Unit) = 20011
Answer : 2501375
𝐶𝛾𝑔 𝑄𝑠𝑐 20011×0.75×4
𝑁𝑅𝑒 = = = 2501375
𝜇𝑑 0.012×2

10. Uncontrolled release of crude oil and/or natural gas from an oil well or gas
well after pressure control systems have failed. What is the name of terms
that can occur in the drilling operation/
Answer : Blow Out

BONUS QUESTION
Mention four of Early warning signs of a well kick!
1. Sudden change in drilling rate;
2. Change in surface fluid rate;
3. Change in pump pressure;
4. Reduction in drillpipe weight;
5. Surface mud cut by gas, oil or water

SEMI FINAL