SIX SIGMA METHODOLOGY

6 sigma stands for 6 standard deviation from the mean

• The idea behind 6sigma Is that of you can measure how many
“defects” you have in a process, you can systematically figure out
how to eliminate them as close as “zero defect” as possible
• 6 sigma focuses on improving the quality ( reducing waste) by helping
organizations to produce products and services better, faster and
cheaper
• 6 sigma focuses on
– Defect prevention
– Cycle time reduction
– Cost saving
• 6 sigma methodology improves any existing business process by
constantly reviewing and retuning the process using DMIAC cycle
Variation
• Six sigma accuracy means
99.999998% accurate, 0.002 ppm
• In practice that in longer run,
process variables do have influence
on the capability of the process.
The influence is found to be 1.5 б
• Hence this is deducted and 4.5 б,
which comes to 3.4 ppm
 Process capability study
•Process capability compares the output of an in-control process to the
specification limits by using capability indices.
•Two commonly used indices are Cp & Cpk
1. Process capability – Cp
• The Cp compares natural variability ( 6sigma) in the process with variability allowed
in the specifications
• Takes into consideration only spread of variation in the output of the process and
compares it with range of specification limits
• Cp < 1 = highly incapable process
• Cp = 1 = meet the specifications
• Cp ≥ 1.33 = highly capable process
2. Process capability index – Cpk
• In some cases output of the process can be non conforming if
the process is not correctly centered

k k

• Cpk < 1 = highly incapable process

• Cpk = 1 = meet the specifications
• Cpk ≥ 1.33 = highly capable process
• For six sigma process Cp = 2 & Cpk = 1.5
Statistical control charts
np chart for attribute – constant sample
p chart – varying sample size
C chart
 Six sigma training
1. Champions & sponsors
Full time high level champion like vice president proficient in four areas
– Business & operations
– Project selection
– Pace mediation
– Result implementation

2. Master black belt

– Strategic deployment of six sigma within organization
– Providing mentoring and support to BB,GB and six sigma teams
– Providing sigma curriculum and classroom training
– The mentor and teacher of the of Six Sigma Black Belt and Six Sigma Green Belt.

3. Black belt
– Explain six sigma philosophies and promote team dynamics
– Assign roles and responsibilities
– They receive min 160 hrs of classroom instructions and one 2 one coaching
from MBB
– Successful Black Belts normally dedicate at least 75% of their time to 4 -6 month Six
Sigma Project.
4. Green belt
– Manage six sigma project from concept to completion
– 5 days of classroom training
– Min 3 years of work exp
– Training covers project mgt, quality mgt tools, QC tools, problem
solving

5. Yellow belt
– Introductory training in six sigma fundamentals
– Insight to techniques of six sigma
– Implement the PDCA for small process improvements projects