OPS-EnG-3-005-00 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control Procedure Rev D

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Title : Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control Procedure Document Number : OPS-ENG-3-005-00

Document Owner : Christian Biederman Effective Date : 3/25/2015
REVISION HISTORY
Revision Description of Change Writer/Reviser Effective Date
A New Release Murad Kurwa 2012-11-19
B New Template Jose Cervantes 5/13/2014
C Update to be compliant with ESD S20.20 2014 version Christian Biederman 3/26/2015
D Review Content Manuel Haro 5/25/2018
APPROVERS
Author Name Title Department Name
Advanced Manufacturing Engineering
Manuel Haro/ Alvaro Lucas Process Engineers
Group
Author’s Manager Name Title Department Name

Advanced Manufacturing Engineering
Omar Garcia Director, Operations Engineering
Group
AEG VP Name Title Department Name

Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Advanced Manufacturing Engineering
Dongkai Shangguan
Group VP Group
ABOUT FLEX
Flex is a leading Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS) provider focused on delivering complete design, engineering
and manufacturing services to automotive, computing, consumer, industrial, infrastructure, medical, clean tech and mobile
OEMs. Flextronics helps customers design, build, ship, and service electronics products through a network of facilities in
30 countries on four continents. This global presence provides design and engineering solutions that are combined with
core electronics manufacturing and logistics services, and vertically integrated with components technologies, to optimize
customer operations by lowering costs and reducing time to market.
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1.0 BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION
N/A
2.0 PURPOSE
To provide a guideline that establishes the requirement for the prevention/protection, monitoring and control of
material sensitive to damage from electrostatic discharge.
3.0 SCOPE
All Flextronics worldwide factories that manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect,
transport or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment susceptible to damage by
electrostatic discharges for either the Human Body Model (HBM), and Charged Device Model (CDM).
This standard sets out the minimum requirements for ESD control in all Flextronics facilities covering employees,
contractors, visitors and customers.
These requirements apply to the storage, packaging, handling and transportation of materials, equipment and
assembly of all ESD sensitive components. They also apply to items such as tools and packaging material, which are
exposed to sensitive components. Specific areas of application are all board and system manufacturing, repair
services, and component manufacturing facilities.
New facilities should meet these requirements explicitly; existing facilities should meet the functional requirements.
Example of a limited application may include sheet metal fabrication. While less likely, or no application, would include
a phone service call center.
The program described in this policy is designed for the protection of ESD sensitive items including Class 0 devices.
The Class 0 requirements are strictly for Class 0 assemblies – if there are no Class 0 components on the assembly
the sites should ignore the Class 0 specific sections in this document. It is the responsibility of each site to determine
if additional precautions may be necessary for their site (due to low humidity or very sensitive devices) and to
implement those measures.
4.0 DEFINITIONS and ABBREVIATIONS
AC Equipment Ground – The ground point at which the equipment grounding conductor is bonded to any piece of
equipment, at the equipment end of the conductor, in a single-phase 120-VAC / 240-VAC electrical service or the 3rd
wire terminal of a receptacle.
Antistatic Material – Material, which resists turboelectric charge generation (i.e. generating static charges by rubbing
or other type of contact). Antistatic materials are not static shielding (see Table 1).
Auxiliary Ground – A separate supplemental grounding conductor for use other than general equipment grounding.
Bonding Conductor – The wire, strap flange or other electrically conductive mechanical device used to interconnect
two otherwise isolated conductive or dissipative items.
Class 0 – Any part that fails after exposure to an ESD pulse of 250 V or less HBM when tested according to the latest
revision of JEDEC JESD22 - A114.

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Charge Device Model (CDM) – It simulates the ESD event that occurs when an ESD susceptible part becomes
charged and then discharges within a process. Charging of a part can occur by turboelectric interaction (contact and
separation of the part with process equipment) or by induction if the part is grounded in the presence of an electrical
field, These CDM ESD events can be a potential issue. An example is a device sliding down a shipping tube hitting a
grounded surface. Another example is when the device gets charged up by contact and separation from the pick-and-
place nozzle then discharged when placed on the printed circuit board. These discharge events can reduce assembly
yields and also produce damage that goes undetected by factory test and later (Latent defect) is the cause of a field
failure.
Common Connection Point – A device or location where the conductors of two or more ESD technical elements are
connected in order to bring the ungrounded ESD technical elements to the same electrical potential through
equipotential bonding.
Common Point Ground – A grounded device or location where the conductors of one or more technical elements are
bonded.
Conductive Material – A material with surface resistivity less than 1 x 105 ohms/square or a volume resistivity less
than 1 x 104 ohm-cm.
Decay Time – The time required for an electrostatic potential to be reduced to a given percentage (usually 10%) of its
initial value.
Electrical Overstress (EOS) – It is “the exposure” of an item to a current or voltage beyond its maximum rating. EOS
is generally associated with over voltage and over current stress of long time durations due to the generation of
unwanted energy surge from continuous power sources. EOS causes damage or discoloration that is usually visible at
the die surface. Open and shorts are common electrical signatures.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) – It is a sudden transfer of electrostatic charge between objects at different potentials
caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field. It is like a flash that damages the ESD sensitive device.
ESD will cause damage that usually requires die level analysis and can cause leakage currents or functional failures.
ESD Sensitive Material – A part, assembly or product that can be degraded or damaged by static charge, e.g.
components containing thin films or insulators, including resistors, capacitors and semiconductor devices.
ESD Control Items – Material or product designed to prevent the generation of static charge and / or dissipate static
charges that have been generated so as to prevent damage to ESD sensitive devices.
Electrostatic Protected Area (EPA) – A defined location with the necessary materials, tools and equipment capable
of controlling static electricity to a level that minimizes damage ESD susceptible items. The EPA must be identified by
appropriate markings and signage.
ESD Grounding/Bonding Reference – The ESD grounding system selected for use in a facility or situation that best
suits the application (AC equipment ground, Auxiliary ground and/or Equipotential bonding).
ESD Technical Elements – All of the items, materials, devices, tools and equipment used within an ESD controlled
area.
Earth Grounding Electrode – The metal rod, metal plate, metal pipe, etc, that are bonded to the neutral bus at the
main service entrance
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Electrostatic Field – An attractive or repulsive force in space due to the presence of electric charge.
Equipment ground – The entire low-impedance path from a piece of electrical equipment to a hard ground electrode
(e.g., the third wire (green) terminal of a receptacle).
Equipment Grounding Conductor – The conductor used to connect the non-current carry metal parts of equipment,
raceways and other enclosure to the main service equipment ground bus.
Equipotential – Having the same electrical potential; of uniform electrical potential throughout.
ESD ground – The point, electrodes, bus bar, metal strips, or other system of conductors that form a path from a
statically charged person or object to ground.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter – A device intended for the protection of personnel.
Faraday Cage – A conductive enclosure that attenuates a stationary electrostatic field
Human Body Model (HBM) – People are a primary source of static charge accumulation. Hair, hair products, types
of clothing and type of shoes worn all affect the way the human body can collect and store a charge. Actions such as
walking, sitting, or handling a product can cause an ungrounded body to develop a significant static charge. The
Human Body Model (HBM) characterizes a static event resulting from a charged person discharging to a static
sensitive device. Typically the human body can sense static discharges at levels above 3500 volts. We hear the pop,
see the spark and feel a jolt. At levels below 3500 volts we cannot (through the use of the body) detect when a static
event occurs.
Isolated Ground – A separate equipment-grounding conductor, which is only bonded to the ground bus and a
receptacle. An isolated ground is not to be used to derive an ESD ground.
Insulative Material – Material with a surface resistivity greater than or equal to 10 12 ohms per square inch. Insulative
material accepts/generates charges readily but will not dissipate a charge. The material cannot be grounded and is
not static shielding (see Table 1).
Inductive Charging – Transfer of an electric charge to an object when it’s momentarily contacted to ground in the
presence of an electric field.
Induction – One item with an electrical charge influences another item to have a similar charge without direct contact.
Level 2 Technical Elements – Any ESD technical element that is connected in series to common point ground or to a
common connection point through another technical element.
Machine Model (MM) –The Machine Model (MM) is based on an inductance-resistance-capacitance (LRC) circuit.
The circuit is used to model electrostatic discharge events that are produced because of charge buildup on equipment
such as carts, tracks or handlers. The model assumes that the charged object is a conductor and therefore possesses
a very small amount of resistance and generally large capacitance compared to an electronic part. The method
simulates the discharge that can occur to an ESD susceptible part if it contacts an ungrounded and charged
conductive element in a process.

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Metal-To-Metal Contact – The conductive element of an ESD sensitive component or assembly first comes in
contact with another conductive surface or item.
Point of contact – The point at which an ESDS component or assemble first touches the surface of another object.
RTG - Resistance to ground
Static Dissipative Material – Material with a surface resistance greater than or equal to 1 x 105 but less than 1 x 10 11
ohms. Static dissipative material is the preferred choice but is not static shielding, will dissipate charges in a controlled
manner and must be grounded. Ungrounded static dissipative material will accept/generate charge (see Table 1).
Static Shielding Material – Material with a conductive layer or surface. Containers made of static shielding material
should completely enclose their contents and be able to be sealed. When a static shielding container is closed, the
conductive layer in the material forms a Faraday cage that does not allow an ESD or electrostatic field to pass,
penetrate or puncture through the material.
Surface Resistance – The ration of DC voltage to the current flowing between two electrodes of specified
configuration that contact the same side of the material. This measurement is expressed in ohms.
Surface Resistivity –The resistance between two electrodes that contact the same side of a square and it is
independent of the square or its dimensional units.
Volume resistance – The ration of the DC voltage to current passing between two electrodes, or a specified
configuration, that contact opposite sides of the material or object under test. It is reported in ohms.
Volume resistivity – The DC voltage per unit thickness, applied across two electrodes in contact with a specimen,
divided by the current per unit area passing through the system. Volume resistivity is generally given in ohm-
centimeters.
Triboelectric Charging – The generation of electrostatic charge when two materials make contact or are rubbed
together, then separated.
Zap – An electrostatic discharge that often implies resulting damage to components
Table 1 - Summary Table of Key Definitions
Static
Requirement Conductive Dissipative Anti-static Insulative
Surface resistivity <105 ohms >105and <1011 N/A >1012
Resistance to ground (RTG) <105 ohms >105 and <1011 N/A >1012
Must be grounded Yes Yes N/A N/A

Can’t be grounded N/A N/A N/A Yes
Only if Only if
Accepts/generates charge No Yes
ungrounded Ungrounded

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Yes, immediately, Yes, controlled, if

Dissipates charge N/A No
if grounded grounded
Yes if container
Static shielding No No No
is closed
Note: An ESD controlled area is commonly known in the industry as EPA for Electrostatic Protected Area.
5.0 REFERENCES
Document Title Document Number Hyperlink
Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control

Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic ANSI/ESD S20.20 2014
Parts, Assemblies and Equipment
Protection for electronic devices from electrostatic
IEC-61340-5-12007
phenomena- General requirement
Handbook for the Development of an Electrostatic
Discharge Control Program for the Protection of ESD TR20.20- 2000
Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment
Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic
IEC/TR 61340-5-2 2007
phenomena-User guide
Best Practice - ESD Class 0 Manufacturing
OPS-ENG-3-310-00
Requirements
Note: The guidelines in this document may be more stringent than the reference. The intent is to provide best practice
recommendation and not to over-ride or replace the industry standard.
6.0 POLICY STATEMENT
6.1. Users of this document are responsible for selecting equipment that complies with applicable laws, external and
internal policy. Users are cautioned that this document cannot replace or supersede any requirements for
personal safety.
6.2. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) and other safety protection should be considered whenever personnel
might come in contact with electrical sources.
6.3. Electrical hazard reduction practices should be exercised and proper grounding instructions for equipment must
be followed. E.g. all ESD wrist strap cords must have a built-in 1M ohm current limiting resistor.
7.0 PROCESS FLOW CHART
N/A

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8.0 PROCEDURE
This document establishes the minimum Electrostatic discharge (ESD) precautionary requirements for handling; any
ESD Sensitive (ESDS) assemblies and parts (individually or in bulk) and the associated tools or equipment used in
the fabrication or building of these assemblies.
8.1 ESD Control Program Requirements
Level of Protection: The intent of this program is to protect all ESDS items, which are sensitive to 100 volts or
higher Human Body Model or Charged Device Model ESD. Customer requirement relating to New Product
shall consider level of protection for all ESD items as applicable. Program Management and Product
Engineering are responsible for communicating this need to the ESD Coordinator.
ESD Control Program Guidance: The primary objective of a Program is to provide continuous ESD
protection. Electrostatic control and protection entails implementation of Program requirements during design,
production, inspection, test, storage, shipment, installation, use, maintenance, replacement, and repair
functions.
Tailoring: A site may do specific tailoring of the program to meet customer or product specific requirements.
The supporting documentation regarding rationale to implement a program outside the corporate
requirements should be located in an area accessible to users and subject to audit (in most cases, the Local
Area Network or Document Control). Additionally, exceptions to this plan will be considered on a case-by-
case basis, and must be signed by Site Quality Manager and ESD Coordinator and maintained.
8.1.1 ESD Control Program Administrative Requirements

ESD Control Program Plan: This plan provides ESD preventive measures for all sensitivity levels including
Class 0. Class 0 requirements are specified in addition to the rest of the requirements in this document. Any
area where unprotected ESD sensitive parts and assemblies may be handled (for example, Hand Load or
Test) shall be designated an ESD Control Area, and must meet the following requirements:
 The area is free from non-essential static generators, and the risk from process-essential static
generators is minimized. Food, beverages and lunch boxes are examples of ESD generating material
and are not allowed in ESD control areas.
 There is a monitoring or measuring system in place to ensure effective grounding of personnel.
 All personnel working in ESD protected areas will be trained on the operation and use of personnel
ground verification equipment (i.e. wrist strap and heel strap verification before entering ESD areas).
 All personnel, including visitors, are required to wear approved ESD smocks in ESD controlled areas.
 All movable carts, racks and equipment shall be grounded in ESD controlled areas.
 Boundaries shall be are clearly marked for ESD controlled areas.
 Shelving is to be grounded in ESD controlled areas, unless clearly labeled as not ESD safe, (ungrounded
shelves can only be used to hold items that are not ESD sensitive).
 ESD controlled areas will be measured in regularly scheduled audits against this procedure by utilizing
corporate ESD Control Program Audit Checklist (OPS-ENG-3-005-01).
 All work surfaces are grounded and static dissipative and their grounding are verified against an
approved audit schedule.
Note: Any areas within an ESD protected area, where there does not exist a need to have ESD controls,
must be clearly identified to avoid any potential damage to product carried into these areas. An example is a
warehouse area where product is always enclosed within ESD packaging, or an aisle way through a
production area where the floor is marked to ensure no vulnerable product is within 3 feet of the non-ESD
safe area.
8.1.2 ESD Control Program Maintenance:

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Table 2 summarizes the actions (described in previous sections) that should be scheduled and regularly
performed to maintain an effective ESD control program. Site ESD coordinators are responsible for all ESD
related records as outlined in Table 2.
Table 2 - Control Program Maintenance Actions
Frequency* Action Checking method Records

For specification of (maintain min. for
measured values see 1 year)
Table 4
Daily Check wrist straps and Measurement Pass/Fail log
conductive shoes as
worn
Daily Temperature and Measurement Logs
humidity
Daily ESD connectors Visual Pass/Fail log
Daily The wearing situations Visual No
of the ESD smocks,
wrist strap
Weekly Check effectiveness of Measurement Log of measured values
topical antistatic
treatments
Weekly The situation of the Visual
grounding subsystem
Monthly ESD self-audit Audit Checklist and corrective
action
Monthly Perform functional Measurement Preventive maintenance log or

check of wrist strap/ self-audit checklist/record
footwear testers
Monthly The capacity of the Measurement Logs/Record
ionization
Monthly The resistance of the Measurement Logs/Record
grounding subsystem
and electrical properties
of the ESD floor;
Quarterly (the The grounding situation Measurement Logs/Record
first two of the ESD protected
quarters benches, shelves,
monthly) carts, chairs,
conveyors, irons
Quarterly (or Equipment Continuity & Measurement Initial line set-up
after Ground
maintenance)
Quarterly ESD packaging Measurement Logs/Record
Quarterly Audit smocks, finger Sample check Logs/Record
cots

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Yearly Calibrate auditing Measurement Maintain records per site

equipment calibration procedure
Yearly ESD review training Test Attendance records and test

result
Yearly (the The resistance of the Measurement Logs/Record

first year main grounding system
should be
quarterly)
* Remark: It is only the recommended frequency, the final decision depends on site ESD coordinator.
Training Plan: In facilities that have an ESD Control Area, all employees are required to complete ESD
training before being allowed access to ESD Control Areas. All new employees are required to complete an
ESD orientation before they begin work. In both cases employees are required to demonstrate knowledge
competency of ESD. It is required that all employees who handle static sensitive parts/assemblies or who
work in ESD control areas should receive an ESD control review course once a year. If the ESD compliance
score falls below 80% as per the corporate audit checklist (OPS-ENG-3-005-01) the site will be required to
retrain employees in the affected areas. All visitors, customers and suppliers should have ESD trained escorts
with them while in an EPA area.
ESD noncompliances identified during the audits should be the part of the training process. The training
department or the supervisors will maintain the training record for all employees trained on ESD.
The site ESD Coordinator trains and verifies the competency of those who deliver ESD training. Verification of
competency is undertaken for the following:
1. Amendments to the corporate training material
2. Where there are changes in customer ESD requirements
Compliance Verification Plan: Audit activity is to be conducted in accordance with the stipulation of this
document and under the general guidance of the Site ESD Coordinator. Training for the Area ESD
Representatives will be conducted by the Training Department or the Site ESD Coordinator upon request and
will include audit criteria training.
Program Coordination: Every site shall have an ESD Program Coordinator to support local ESD control
coordinators, perform audits, and act as a focal point for ESD problem resolution. In addition, local ESD
control coordinators shall be identified by name and available to solve ESD problems during every work shift
where ESD sensitive items are being handled.
Site ESD Coordinator: Each site shall appoint an ESD Coordinator who is competent in ESD theory and
practice. The ESD coordinator shall be responsible for ESD problem resolution, ESD compliance audits and
consultancy. It is recommended that the Site ESD coordinator audits the system quarterly or ensures that the
ESD system is included as part of the ISO/QS audits. The Site ESD Coordinator shall maintain a list of area
ESD Representatives.
Supervisor Responsibilities: Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that operators are issued the
appropriate ESD protective equipment for their job assignment, and that worn or damaged equipment is
promptly replaced. Supervisors are responsible for verifying that all operators are performing the daily ESD
wrist strap tests and for establishing and maintaining the ESD Logs. For areas using testers interfaced to a
computer, the database must be checked weekly at a minimum by the supervisor and the area logbook must
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have printouts of the testing data, or some other documentation to indicate that the validations have been
done, and signed by the supervisor. The area ESD representative or other designee of the supervisor may
sign this validation if desired.
Repeat offenders of the ESD control system should be subject to disciplinary action. Supervisors who leave
an area of responsibility should ensure these records are transferred to new supervisor.
1. Area/Building ESD Representative: For smaller sites the area/building representative and the site ESD
coordinator could be one group or person. The site ESD coordinator or Manager designates within each
area at a minimum, 1 trained ESD representative. Names of these individuals are prominently displayed
next to the ESD testers. These representatives audit areas for ESD compliance. As a minimum the
following audit schedule will be conducted.
2. One monthly audit of designated area is to be performed using the corporate ESD checklist OPS-ENG-3-
005-01. The Area/Building ESD Representative defines the audit schedule. Weekly Audits consist of a
visual inspection of each static protected work surface and surrounding area for the requirements as
stated in this procedure. Audit results are logged along with any resulting corrective actions.
NOTE: The Site ESD Coordinator can develop a Site level checklist as long as it is comparable to the Corp
checklist. The audit is conducted according to the OPS-ENG-3-005-01 checklist. The ESD audit checklist is
the minimum requirement for the ESD control program where applicable. Each site can add to the checklist
per the site-specific requirements defined by the Site ESD coordinator. Scoring is accomplished according to
the following guidelines:
Compliance Level Action

No Plan, Procedure or compliance level is <= 80% Initiate Formal Corrective Action
Compliance level is 81% to 89% ESD Training (as applicable)
If compliance is => 90% None
Where no site specific requirements apply
8.1.3 ESD Coordinator

In order to have a well thoughtout and implemented ESD control program an ESD coordinator must be
assigned. Qualified engineer or personnel can be appointed as an ESD coordinator.
ESD coordinator is responsible for all aspects of ESD in Flextronics. In order to be effective the ESD
coordinator needs:
 The full support of management. Management must provide the ESD coordinator with the authority and
funding necessary to ensure that the ESD control program is maintained and enforced.
 A good understanding of electrostatic and how ESD sensitive devices can be damaged. The ESD
coordinator will often need to attend educational classes or seminars related to ESD in order to maintain
or update their knowledge,
 A through understand of industry and all of the site’s processes related to the handling of ESD sensitive
devices.
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 Access to measuring equipment for the purposes of performing compliance verification audits as well as
testing new ESD products and material for use in the ESD program,
8.2 ESD Sensitivity Level Documentation
8.2.1 The ESD sensitivity level of the most ESD sensitive products that are handled should be documented into site
ESD control program. The site can use various methods to determine the ESD sensitivity of the products that
are to be handled. Some of the methods include:
 Reference ESD sensitivity data in published documents such as manufacturer’s published data sheets,
 Actual testing of ESD sensitive devices to establish the ESD sensitivity thresholds using industry
standard,
 Assume that all ESD products have an HBM sensitivity of 100V
8.2.2 ANSI/ESD S20.20 and IEC-61340 apply to activities that handle ESD sensitive devices which are sensitive to
100 volts or higher HBM. The 100V HBM limit was selected as the baseline susceptibility threshold, since a
large majority of the ESD products on the market have a sensitivity of greater than 100V HBM.
8.2.3 For some sites that handle ESDS with sensitivities of less than 100V HBM, the general principals of
ANSI/ESD S20.20 and IEC-61340 can still be used but may have to modify some of the required limits. It is
the responsibility of each site to determine if additional precautions may be necessary for their site for very
sensitive devices.
8.3 Tailoring
8.3.1 It is possible that this document, or portions thereof, may not apply to all applications. In these situations it is
acceptable for the site to document an exception to one or more of the required elements of IEC-61340-5-1 or
ANSI/ESD S20.20 as long as there is a valid, substantiated and documented justification for the exception.
Tailoring decisions, including rationale and technical justifications, shall be documented and signed by ESD
coordinator.
8.4 ESD Training
8.4.1 One of the first decisions that must be made is who will be required to take the ESD training course. At a
minimum, all personnel that handle or otherwise come in contact with ESD sensitive device should be ESD
trained, this include handling of sensitive part, receiving, inspection, assembly, testing and inspection, stores
and warehouses, research and development, packaging, field service repair, laboratories etc. This decision
seems straight forward but care shall be taken to ensure that all people that handle ESD sensitive devices
receive adequate training. One example is the finance department. Many people will immediately state that
this group should be exempt from ESD training. However, in some cases the finance department personal
who may need be involved in the annual physical inventory where parts are counted. In these situations, the
finance employees are touching ESD sensitive parts and therefore must receive ESD training.
8.4.2 It is recommended that the training is for all employee including new hires, transfers, contract, temporary or
part time employee, engineer, managers and other high level management who are directly or indirectly

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involved in handling ESD sensitive items, e.g. manager who may need to understand the implications of, and
necessity of ESD prevention.
8.4.3 The site can have its own training material but following topics must be covered,
- What is electricity,
- How does ESD occur,
- How does ESD affect product,
- How to prevent ESD (not to charge up, grounding, ionization),
- General handling guideline for ESD sensitive devices,
- Detailed Ionizer use, to show them the importance to have ionizers always running,
- Use real examples of electrostatic during training,
- Site/ product specific items if any;
8.4.4 The type and frequency of ESD training shall be defined in the training plan. The training plan shall include a
requirement for maintaining employee training records and shall document where the records are stored.
8.4.5 The training plan shall include the methods used by the site to verify trainee comprehension and training
adequacy. Trainees are required to demonstrate knowledge competency of ESD.
8.4.6 Non-trained employees are not allowed to be working in an EPA area or handling ESD sensitive items. All
visitors should have ESD trained escorts with them while in an EPA area, the person escorting the visitor is
responsible for ensuring that the visitors understand what they may and may not do within the EPA.
8.5 ESD Recurrent Training
8.5.1 Recurrent training is done based on the practices engaged by each site. The purpose of the recurrent training
is to heighten the awareness.
8.5.2 ESD non-compliances identified during ESD audits shall be used as real examples as much as possible
during the training process.
8.5.3 The grace period of ESD recurrent training is managed by respective site. This will be based on customer
requirement / policy and practices. It is recommended to establish a recall system to highlight when
employees are due for retraining or retest.
8.5.4 Recurrent training is required if compliance verification score falls below setting target.
8.6 ESD Audit (Compliance Verification)
8.6.1 ESD auditor is personnel appointed by each site to enforce and maintain effective ESD control by conducting
regular audits.
8.6.2 ESD auditor must have a good level of understanding on ESD standard / work practice and test method
including qualification of ESD items. Inexperience auditor can be assist by an experienced ESD Auditor during
the audit.

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8.6.3 ESD audit is to make sure all ESD control program requirement are being met. It is also the best and effective
method to determine the weak links that need to be improved. So it is important to develop a compliance
verification plan for ongoing surveillance. The plan shall identify
 The ESD control items that will be used,
 How often the item will be checked to ensure that it meets specification and the type of audits
 The acceptable limits for each ESD control item used
 The test methods that will be used by the auditors to verify that ESD control items is within established
parameters,
 The equipment that will be used to check the various ESD control items
 Who will make the audit measurements
 What will be done if an out of compliance situation occurs
8.6.4 Audit should cover all ESD items that will be used. Any discrepancies during the audit shall be recorded and
reported to the work area supervisor.
8.6.5 Countermeasure or corrective action should be taken for any discrepancies found during audit.
8.6.6 Audit summary should be published/ escalated to the appropriate level of management for monthly review
and improvement.
8.6.7 Audit frequency is up to the site implementing ANSI/ESD S20.20 or IEC-61340-5-1 as long as it proves to be
effective. It is recommended that the ESD coordinator audits the system quarterly or ensures that the ESD
system is included as part of the ISO/QS audits.
8.7 Voltage within an ESD Area
8.7.1 ESD damage to sensitive items is normally separated into 2 types, known as HBM /CDM
8.7.2 Human Body Model (HBM) - People are a primary source of static charge accumulation. Hair, hair products,
types of clothing and type of shoes worn all affect the way the human body can collect and store a charge.
Actions such as walking, sitting, or handling a product can cause an ungrounded body to develop a significant
static charge. The HBM characterizes a static event resulting from a charged person discharging to a static
sensitive device.
8.7.3 Charge Device Model (CDM) - this simulates the ESD event that occurs when an ESD susceptible part
becomes charged and then discharges within a process. Charging of a part can occur by turboelectric
interaction (contact and separation of the part with process equipment) or by induction if the part is grounded
in the presence of an electrical field, these CDM ESD events can be a potential issue. An example is a device
sliding down a shipping tube hitting a grounded surface. Another example is when the device gets charged up
by contact and separation from the pick-and-place nozzle then discharged when placed on the printed circuit

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board. These discharge events can reduce assembly yields and also produce damage that goes undetected
by factory test and later (Latent defect) is the cause of a field failure.
8.7.4 The static voltage of any object within a static safe work area shall not be more than the required control limit.
Any item/person measuring above the required control limit should not be permitted in an ESD area. If it is
process required, they should be brought down to less than the control limit. E.g. grounding, shielding or
ionization can be used to control the voltage level of a sensitive area.
8.7.5 For the process required insulators, in order to mitigate field-induced CDM damage, if the E-field exceeds
2,000 volts/inch, need separate the insulator from the ESD-sensitive device by a distance of 30 cm or use
ionization or other charge mitigating techniques to neutralize the charge.
8.8 Grounding/ Equipotential Bonding Systems Requirements
8.8.1 Ground is a conductive connection to the earth, to provide a zero potential. Grounding of workstations, carts,
storage shelving and personnel is necessary to provide a constant and gradual discharge path for static
energy so that it is never allowed to build to a level that can damage electronics. Appropriate methods for
grounding shall be selected below:
 3rd Wire AC Equipment Ground (Preferred Method): It is that the equipment grounding conductor is
electrically bonded the AC equipment ground to the 3 rd wire terminal of a receptacle, where the 3rd wire is
connected to the ground bus at the main service equipment panel of the facility as a part of the electrical
power system. In most cases the 3rd wire AC equipment ground is the preferred ESD ground. All
equipment/machine used in an EPA are properly connected to the power system ground. In this way AC
equipment within the ESD controlled area and all of the ESD technical elements will be at or near the
same electrical potential. In Europe standard IEC61340-5-1 this is so called “protective earth grounding”.
 Auxiliary Ground: This is the 2nd acceptable ESD ground which is achieved through the use of a ground
rod or stake that is used for grounding the ESD items in use at a facility. Supporting pillars in the buildings
could be considered ground. Also any rigid, fixed, metallic structure could be considered ground, provided
they are connected to an unpainted section of a supporting pillar in such a way that the connections are
reliable and tamper resistant. The pillars should be connected to the earth and regularly tested for
continuity to ground. In Europe standard IEC61340-5-1 this is so called “functional grounding”. When a
functional ground is used it is necessary to verify that the grounding rod system meets requirement. It
includes resistance to ground and resistance to the grounding electrode.
 Equipotential Bonding: In the event that a ground facility is not available, ESD protection can be
achieved by connecting all of the ESD control items together at a common connection point. The common
connection point is not connected to ground, but the items attached to the common connection point will
all be at the same potential, which minimizes the chance of the ESDS being damaged. The common
connection point can be a single conductive point where the grounding wires of each of the ESD control
items are attached or it can be a large conductive element such as the metal frame of a workstation. A
real life example of this is often observed in office equipment field service operations. For safety reasons,
the service technician will often disconnect the AC power cord which detaches the equipment from
grounding. In order to install ESD sensitive boards or components into the equipment, it is necessary to
electrically connect or bond together the service technician, the equipment frame and the ESD sensitive
produce. Once bonded together, an ESD event will not occur between bonded items when the technician
handles the product or installs it in the office equipment. When an equipotential bonding system is used, it
is important to verify that the common connection point is sufficiently conductive. The resistance of the
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common connection point between any two ESD control items connection should be less than 1 ohm
when measured using a DC ohmmeter. It is recommended to identify and label common point ground
using common point ground symbol.
Common Point Ground Symbol
8.8.2 Personal Grounding: The required ESD protection for all employees is for each to wear an ESD smock
together with two (2)-heel straps/toe straps/ESD footwear (in ESD safe areas). Smocks shall be worn with at
least 3 of the front snaps closed. Smocks may be worn with sleeves rolled up providing that the clothes
underneath the smock do not protrude beyond the sleeve line and, in the case of smocks which function
through surface conductivity; there is a portion of sleeve in contact with the wearer’s skin. As a general rule,
the wearer’s clothes should not come into contact with static sensitive devices or assemblies.
Disposable Heel Straps: Disposable heel straps are for outside visitors ONLY. The person sponsoring
the visitor is responsible for ensuring that they; are provided with all required ESD protective equipment
when the scope of the visit requires access to ESD sensitive areas, that the visitor has ESD tested and
passed the equipment, and that they comply with this procedure while being in a Solectron facility.
Wrist Straps: A wrist strap is required for anyone handling ESDS components or assemblies while
seated, regardless of heel grounding. (However, personnel exposed to greater than 500V should be
considered a special case.) Wrist straps are to be tested at least daily, before handling ESD sensitive
items. Putting approved lotion on the skin contact site and/or adjusting the strap may help it to pass. If
the strap still fails it must be replaced. After passing, each person must sign or initial a test log, which
must be current and visible, or have a computer record of the test.
If the employee is standing on a floor or floor mat that is not verified as being grounded, a wrist strap must
be worn.
Note: Lotion approved for use in the manufacturing area must be free of silicone and lanolin, and the
bottle should be safe for use within an ESD control area, as appropriate. The local Engineering
department and ESD coordinator should verify this.) For technical requirements refer to Table 4. A
manual test log is not required if the site has an automated tester.
Heel Straps: Heel straps, or conductive shoes, may be used to ground personnel in areas where there
are grounded conductive or dissipative floor mats, or where the floor’s resistance to ground measures
between 104 and 109 ohms. The use of heel straps as additional (secondary) grounding devices to help
drain static charge generated while walking is encouraged, and may be required by area management. It
is required that the personnel wear two heel straps at all times. If wearing ESD safe shoes the personnel
do not have to wear the heel straps, unless required by the local ESD policy. ESD shoes must have a

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visible tag or marking on the outside of the shoe to indicate that they are ESD shoes. Conductive heel
straps and shoes shall be tested before handling ESDS items each day. Heel straps and shoes that fail
the test should be cleaned, adjusted, and retested. If the strap/footwear still fails it must be replaced.
After passing, each person must sign or initial a test log, which must be current and visible.
Note: A determining measurement of the heel straps, in conjunction with the ESD floor, should be made
when first using heel straps or ESD shoes, or replacing the heel strap brand with another brand, to
ensure the capability of the entire system is known. For technical requirements refer to Table 4
Smocks: Smocks must be worn in all ESD control areas. They must be audited for effectiveness at least
annually, and replaced as needed. Smocks may be checked for effectiveness in one of two ways: (1) A
surface resistivity meter may be used to check that the point to point resistance of the fabric is within the
dissipative range, (2) A charge is applied to the smock (using a charged plate analyzer) and then a field
meter or static voltmeter is used to verify that the charge is dissipated across the seams. ESD smocks
shall, as a minimum, cover all personal garments above the waist in accordance with JEDEC (625-A)
requirements. For technical requirements refer to Table 4.
Floor Mats: Grounded, conductive or dissipative floor mats may be necessary in areas approved for
conductive footwear. The mats should be cleaned as needed with an approved antistatic cleaner to
prevent the buildup of non-conductive particles on the mats. If the floor/mat system measurements are
not available or known in the workstation, the worker must also use a wrist strap. Heel straps are a
secondary grounding system.
8.8.3 All wiring used for ESD grounding must be installed in such a way that they remain tight and reliable. Suitable
lug terminals should be used as outlined below,
 All ESD control ground wiring is normally done with green wire (or green with a yellow stripe) without any
current-limiting resistor unless otherwise specified by local regulations.
 Connections to bolts, studs, and screws should be made with crimped or soldered ring terminals to
ensure that it cannot be easily broken or damaged. Use of standard mounting devices such as clamps,
cable ties, and so forth, is acceptable for this purpose.
 Connectors or "quick connect" terminals should not be used in ESD control ground wiring, except for
plugs and jacks on movable workstation ground cords and wrist strap cord connectors.
8.9 Machine/Equipment and Tool Requirements
8.9.1 Machine/equipment in an ESD area should be grounded to establish a zero/ground potential.
8.9.2 The equipment should be equipped with provisions for convenient wrist strap grounding of personnel and
other static control methods. The ground point shall be identified.
8.9.3 The use of any charge generating material is not advised as part of the machines/equipments or tools that are
directly in contact with the sensitive item.

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8.9.4 Tools used in a static safe workstation or work area should be qualified based on applicable standards.
8.9.5 The increased use of automation in manufacturing facilities makes the ESD qualifications of handling, test,
and other manufacturing equipment increasingly important. New equipment will meet the criteria listed in the
following paragraph, and older equipment should be reviewed, as necessary, according to the same
standards. AC Powered and Pneumatic Hand Tools shall meet the criteria listed in Table 4. Designers,
suppliers, and/or purchasers of manufacturing equipment should certify the designs to ensure that these
qualifications are met.
8.10 ESD Safe Workstations/Tables Requirements
8.10.1 A static safe workstation shall be provided wherever ESD sensitive items without ESD protective covering or
packaging are handled.
8.10.2 Workstations and tables in an ESD control area must have static dissipative surfaces and should be
connected in parallel. Each workstation must have available wrist strap ground connections (two are
recommended), preferably banana jack receptacles. Work surfaces should be cleaned daily with an antistatic
cleaner, and the resistance to ground should be maintained in the static dissipative range. Surfaces and wrist
strap grounding receptacles must be physically wired, in parallel, to the building ground source. All tables and
workstations within an ESD control area shall have the grounding electrically verified and recorded quarterly
as determined by the site ESD Coordinator or management specified representative. This plan would be
documented in the site-tailoring document. Ground connections should have less than one-ohm resistance.
8.10.3 Unless otherwise stated, the recommendation is to connect any metal or metal framed workstation, the wrist
strap banana plug receptacle or terminal, and the work surface directly to a common point and to directly
connect that common point to the facility ESD ground. Common point ground is a grounded device or location
where the conductors of two or more technical elements are connected to bring the ungrounded ESD
technical elements to the same electrical potential through equipotential bonding.
8.10.4 If the ESD ground is to be obtained from the power system safety ground, connection shall be made through
an ESD control-grounding stud installed on the junction box or outlet box adjacent to the permanent power
line connected to the workbench. This ground stud shall be electrically connected to the power system safety
ground conductors in the box. The resistance from the ground point to facility ESD ground should be
measured and recorded on a regular basis.
8.10.5 It is a good practice for each grounded workstation to be directly connected to ground. Figure below is an
example of the recommended method. Some companies however connect workstation to ground in series.
Connecting the workstation together in series can lead to a situation where multiple workstation become
detached from ground if the single grounding wire breaks and therefore this type of grounding method is not
recommended.

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Example of individually grounded benches – Recommended
8.10.6 Power tools, including soldering irons, need to be grounded (grounding to the local utility is usually sufficient)
8.10.7 Any newly or relocated work stations should be checked for the resistance from ground point to facility ESD
ground prior to its use.
8.10.8 The critical ESD characteristic of the work surface is the value of resistance to ground point that it will exhibit
after installation. All work station surfaces must have static dissipative material. The resistance from the work
surface to ground point should be 105 ohm to 109 ohm. This allows non-insulative items placed on the work
surface to discharge in a controlled manner. The measurements should be recoded on a regular basis.
8.10.9 Direct handling of unprotected ESD sensitive (ESDS) parts, assemblies, or products, shall only be by
grounded personnel within an ESD control area. Unprotected ESD items should not be allowed to come in
direct contact with conductive equipment housings or metal surfaces e.g. metal shelves and carts. Direct
contact between Class 0 components and paper is not permitted.
8.10.10 All parts bins and containers used in any manufacturing process must be static dissipative or antistatic.
Whenever practical, sensitive parts should remain in the original protective container until assembled.
8.10.11 Shelving and cabinets used for storage of ESDS components should be grounded in EPA areas, unless
clearly labeled as not ESD safe, ungrounded shelves can only be used to hold items that are not ESD
sensitive or the ESDS parts remain fully enclosed within shielding-type packaging such as approved ESD
bags or original manufacturer’s packaging such as SMT reels and IC trays..
8.11 Movable Workstation Requirements
8.11.1 Any workstation, which does not require tool to disconnect it or can be easily moved from one location to
another is known as movable workstation.
8.11.2 Movable workstations used for storage of ESDS components must be grounded unless the parts remain fully
enclosed within shielding type packaging such as approved ESD bags or original manufacturer’s packaging
such as SMT reels and IC trays.

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8.11.3 There should be bare metal or cable connections between the shelves and supports to ensure a path to
ground for each shelf. The carts must also be grounded (in areas with dissipative flooring, carts may be
grounded by means of an attached drag chain).
8.11.4 Cart frames should be static dissipative or conductive. In the case of conductive carts, ESD sensitive
materials cannot come in direct contact with the cart. There should be bare metal or cable connections
between the shelves and supports to ensure a path to ground for each shelf. The carts must also be
grounded (in areas with dissipative flooring, carts may be grounded by means of an attached drag chain, or
flat, braided cable, with at least 12 to 18 inches of its length in contact with the floor). Periodically, verify
grounding with actual measurements on a random sample of the cart or workstation. If the cart or workstation
fails, substitute a heavier chain until the readings pass (chain weight is dependent on the actual floor
conditions so each site will need to determine what works). ESD Wheels (min. 2 per cart) instead may be
substituted for drag chains for technical requirements refer to Table 4.
8.11.5 Periodically verify grounding on a random sample of the cart or workstation is required. Conductive wheels
(min. 2 per cart) are encouraged for movable workstation grounding. If drag chain is used, as the chain weight
is dependent on the actual floor conditions, each site need to determine what works).
8.11.6 Movable workstation surface must have static dissipative material. In the case of conductive carts, ESD
sensitive items cannot come in direct contact with the carts.
8.12 EPA Area Requirements
8.12.1 An EPA area may be a single workstation, bench, building or any other area with pre-designated boundaries
that contains materials and equipment designed to limit electrostatic potentials.
8.12.2 Caution signs indicating the existence of the protected area shall be posted and clearly visible to inform one is
entering a static-sensitive work area.
8.12.3 If the EPA area is a large area and has been properly identified as a static-safe work area then all individual
station caution sign can be removed or not required.
8.12.4 If EPA area exists in a non static-safe area then island should be formed by using flooring tape to indicate
person entering or leaving an EPA area.
8.12.5 All cleaners, solvent, coating and spray used in an EPA area must be an ESD safe type, with an appropriate
ESD representation.
8.12.6 All nonessential insulators such as coffee cups, food wrappers and personal items shall be removed from the
workstation where unprotected ESD sensitive items are handled.
8.12.7 Any process required insulators which can generate static voltage more than the required class should be
shielded, treated or kept away 30cm away from the ESD sensitive device.
8.12.8 Since all work surface and ground point are need to be measured or verified on regular basis, the need of
serialization of the workstation and ground points is required. The methods of serialization depend on
respective Flextronics site, varies methods can be used for serialization. Exp: station name/number or special
numbering system.

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8.13 EPA Marking Requirements
8.13.1 Signs should be posted at all entrances to ESD control areas, and the boundaries of these areas shall be
clearly identified. Yellow or fluorescent orange-red are the preferred colors for ESD caution signs and labels.
8.13.2 ESD SUSCEPTIBILITY SYMBOL: Caution symbol for ESD consists of a triangle enclosing a hand, crossed
by a diagonal slash in a triangle. It is widely used to indicate that a device or assembly is susceptible to
damage from an ESD event.
Signs should be posted at all entrances to ESD control areas, and the boundaries of these areas shall be
clearly identified. The signs should identify the area as an ESD control area and display the JEDEC (Joint
Electronic Device Engineering Council) susceptibility symbol or MIL–STD–1285 symbol. Yellow or fluorescent
orange-red are the preferred colors for ESD caution signs and labels.
JEDEC Susceptibility Symbol MIL-STD-1285 Symbol
8.13.3 The symbol consists of a triangle enclosing a hand, crossed by a diagonal slash, and the words (ATTENTION
- Static Sensitive Devices Handle Only at Static-Safe Work Stations). A black symbol on a yellow
background is recommended. It is appropriate to use this label on the outside of ESD shielding bags or
packaging.
ATTENTION
Static–Sensitive Devices
Handle Only at Static-Safe
Workstations

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ESD Susceptibility Symbol
8.13.4 PROTECTION SYMBOL is the recommended symbol for ESD control materials. It includes the "ESD
Susceptibility Symbol" with a thick arc over the triangle, and without the slash through the hand. This symbol
identifies items that are intended to offer protection from ESD, such as mats, chairs, wrist straps, and
packaging materials. It may also be used on hand tools, handlers, workstations, or other equipment that has
been especially designed or modified to provide ESD control.
8.13.5 EPA boundary area should be marked with an ESD caution symbol as shown below.
Protection Symbol ESD Caution Symbol
8.14 Wrist Strap Grounding Requirements
8.14.1 Personal grounding must always be properly employed when working with ESD sensitive devices.
8.14.2 Wrist strap with a connecting ground cord is the most popular and effective way to ground a person. When
wrist strap is properly worn and connected to ground, it keeps the person and other grounded objects in the
working area are at or near the same potential, thus can be no hazardous discharge between them. For
maximum effectiveness, the wrist strap band should fit snugly and make full skin contact around the wrist.
8.14.3 Wrist straps are required for anyone handling ESDS components or assemblies while seated, regardless of
flooring/ footwear grounding. The reason for this requirement is that flooring/ footwear grounding system may
not provide reliable contact with ground since the person’s feet may not be in contact with the floor at all times
while seated.
8.14.4 If the employee is standing on the floor or floor mat that is not verified as being grounded, wrist strap also
must be worn.
8.14.5 Wrist strap ground cords should be connected to a groundable point or an equipotential bonding point. Do not
connect to a snap on a dissipative mat unless it is the groundable point for the mat. Do not clip a wrist strap to
the edge of a dissipative mat.
8.14.6 The resistance from a wrist strap wearer's hand to ground shall not be greater than 35 M ohm.
8.14.7 Wrist straps should be tested at least daily before handling ESD sensitive items.
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8.14.8 Instruments and equipment used to verify wrist strap should be maintained and calibrated on a periodic basis
that has been pre-defined by the entity.
8.14.9 It is important to emphasize that while the wrist strap grounds the skin, it does not provide a means to
eliminate static charges from clothing and footwear, unless there items are conductive or dissipative and
make contact with the person’s skin.
8.14.10 If there is a need of a continuous monitor, it must be capable of verifying the wrist strap's resistance path to
ground in order to meet the daily self-check wrist strap testing. It shall alarm (audio and/or visual) when a
wrist strap exceeds the limits and when there is a broken or missing connection to the user or to ground.
8.14.11 Wrist strap testers or continuous monitors must be used to test the functionality of all wrist straps. All testers
must be calibrated at least annually (or to manufacturers’ recommendation) - they should be set to accept on
readings from 500,000 ohms to 35 megohms resistance. A monthly functional check of each tester is a
requirement. For technical requirements refer to Table 4. The tester will be checked monthly for functionality
the responsibility and authority lies with the Site/Building/Area ESD coordinator. Please refer to Table 2.
8.15 ESD Flooring Requirements
8.15.1 ESD floor is used in the electronic industry for:
 Grounding of personnel (floor material can be used in combination with static control footwear as either
a primary ground or a secondary backup system, ground for wrist straps in critical process)
 Grounding of ESD control items such as mobile carts, workstations etc.
8.15.2 When wrist strap is used for standing operations, it allows a maximum RTG of 1000M ohm for the
floor/footwear/individual as a complete system, a recommended maximum value for floors in new installations
of 100M ohm at the time of installation is strongly preferred to allow for degradation during use.
8.15.3 For EPA where the floor with the use of conductive footwear is the primary operator grounding system, it is
important to consider floor/footwear/individual as three distinct components functioning as a complete system.
The recommended RTG of the ESD floor should be between 25K ohm to 10M ohm to allow 35M ohm overall
limit to be readily met. Then the resistance of the footwear should be between 100K ohm and 15M ohm, and
in most cases between 1M ohm and 10M ohm is preferred to allow the operator when working in an EPA with
a suitable floor to be in the 750K ohm to 35M ohm range.
8.15.4 Criteria for evaluating and selecting ESD floor materials fall into several major categories: electrical
properties, physical material properties, installation and maintenance considerations, application and facility
considerations, and costs. Thus it is important to consider the entire process when selecting ESD floor for
grounding of personal.
8.15.5 Generally epoxy and polymeric overlays are poured permanent flooring material. They have good chemical,
solder, and abrasion resistance and will withstand heavy vehicle traffic. They are easier to maintain in
comparison to other materials. They are seamless and can be used in many clean room environments.
However, they cannot be used on access floor panels. Because epoxies are virtually manufactured on-site,
proper installation techniques are critical to the successful performance of this type of material.

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8.15.6 Resilient floor coverings are the most frequently used permanent floor materials. The material composition is
usually rubber, vinyl, or vinyl composition. Material form can be either tile or sheet. Resistance ranges from
2.5 x 104 to 1.0 x 109 ohms. Various patterns, colors, and sizes are available. Resilient floor coverings offer
attractive appearance and resistance to many commonly used chemicals. Most materials can be welded and
self-coved for seamless installation in clean rooms. They can be applied to access floors. Vinyl floor materials
may require more maintenance than other permanent alternatives, rubber flooring requires somewhat less
maintenance than vinyl. Some resilient floors may be slippery, particularly when wet. They may be adversely
affected by heavy vehicular traffic. The presence of carbon in some of these materials may restrict their use in
some clean room applications, although the abrasion resistance of these materials is quite good. Additionally,
vinyl may outgas and may not be applicable in some clean rooms.
8.15.7 Comparison of selected properties of ESD protective floor material is described as below.
Material Advantages Disadvantages

Epoxy Floors Durability Subfloor irregularities show
Consistent, permanent conductivity Proper installation is critical
No treatment to maintain conductivity Solid colors do not hide dirt
Ease of maintenance Difficult to use on access floors
Abrasion resistance
Solder and chemical resistance
Withstands heavy vehicle traffic
Clean room applicable
Seamless
Rubber/Vinyl Aesthetics Some clean room limitations
Flooring No treatment to maintain conductivity Outgassing
Clean rooms Affected by heavy traffic
Abrasion resistance Maintenance
Solder and chemical resistance
Maintenance

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Access floors
Durability
Seamless
8.15.8 As part of the selection process, floor material sample should be evaluated at low humidity.
8.15.9 The electrical properties of the ESD floor shall be measured on a regular basis. Acceptance test for ESD floor
should be performed by randomly select five test point within an area approximately 500m2 and record the
resistance. A minimum of three of the five tests should be conducted in those areas that are subject to wear or
which are visibly dirty.
8.15.10 If the floor is out of the range and cannot be corrected, alternative methods to ground people and carts must
be implemented, i.e. wrist straps, faraday cages, and/or ESD packaging. Thus it is important that the floor be
cleaned on a regular basis. It is also important to ensure that the proper cleaning procedures and products
are used to ensure that the performance of the floor is not compromised.
8.16 ESD Footwear Requirements
8.16.1 Highly mobile personal are almost impossible to ground with a wrist strap. When wearing a wrist strap is
impractical or want to remove wrist strap for standing operations, conductive footwear and conductive flooring
shall be provided for static control when handling unprotected ESD sensitive items. It is designed to reduce
body charge levels by supplying a conductive path from the body to the floor material.
8.16.2 When the total resistance of the system (from the person, through the footwear and flooring to the grounding /
equipotential bonding system) is less than 35M ohm at all times, wrist strap is not necessary for standing
operations.
8.16.3 If the total resistance of the system (from the person, through the footwear and flooring to the grounding /
equipotential bonding system) is greater than 35M ohm but less than 1000M ohm and the maximum voltage
on a person under worst case conditions is less than 100V, wrist strap is not necessary for standing
operations. Body voltage generated from human body need to be measured according to ANSI/ESD STM97.2
8.16.4 If total RTG is higher than 35M but voltage generated from human body is not tested or it is higher than 100V
or total RTG is higher than 1000M, wrist strap is a must for standing operations. When wrist strap is not
practicable, ESD sensitive device should be transported with grounded carts or it should be packaged with
ESD shielding bag. In this case it is not allowed to transport unprotected ESD sensitive device inside the EPA
by hand.
8.16.5 When footwear is employed, it is required to test the total RTG (resistance to ground) of the human body on a
daily basis. Occasionally, footwear may indicate a high resistance. Outside of the shoe material itself being of
contributor to high resistance, the wearer’s skin, thick insulative socks, the absence of a sweat’s feet or
contaminants such as wax build up from office area flooring can cause the resistance to exceed acceptable
levels. So the footwear that fails the test should be cleaned, adjusted, and retested. If it still fails it must be
replaced.

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8.16.6 Flooring/ Footwear testers must be calibrated on a regular basis. Footwear testers must be used to test the
functionality of all heel straps and conductive shoes. All testers must be calibrated at least annually (or per the
manufacturer’s recommendation) - they should be set to accept on readings from 500,000 ohms to 35
megohms resistance. A monthly functional check of each tester is a requirement. For technical requirements
refer to Table 4. The tester will be checked monthly for functionality the responsibility and authority lies with
the Site/Building/Area ESD coordinator. Please refer to Table 2.
8.17 ESD Smock Requirements
8.17.1 ESD smock is intended to minimize the effects of electrostatic fields or charges that may be present on a
person's clothing. ESD Smocks shall be worn in all EPA areas except in situations where there is exposure to
high voltage.
8.17.2 The conductive fibers of the ESD smock should be woven in a grid pattern throughout the material, providing
continuous and consistent charge dissipation. ESD fiber strip is not encouraged.
8.17.3 From ESD point of view, nylon with fiber weaves is the preferred material for ESD smock. As in high humidity
conditions, ESD smock of polyester/cotton blends or 100% cotton depend on water absorption of cotton to
provide limited anti-static performance. In low humidity conditions, the water content of the cotton fiber is no
longer sufficient to provide antistatic performance.
8.17.4 ESD smocks should be buttoned properly to cover all personal garments above the waist. Sleeve end of the
smock should be designed to provide contact of conductive fabric with user’s skin to provide path to ground.
8.17.5 Sleeve-to-sleeve resistance and point-to-point resistance of ESD smock should be within 104 ohm to 1011
ohm.
8.17.6 Smocks should be replaced based on its durability and effectiveness. Any damage smock should not be used
at EPA area.
8.17.7 Hair should be properly tied back. See the illustrations below for acceptability.
Not Acceptable Acceptable
8.17.8 ESD cap is recommended for employees when working in EPA area. Of course careful consideration shall be
given to customs and religious beliefs.
8.18 Seating Requirements

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8.18.1 As standard chairs, particularly those with plastic castors may include significant voltage levels, ESD chair is
recommended to be used at EPA area.
8.18.2 If non-ESD safe chair is used, it should be keep at 30cm away from the ESD sensitive device.
8.18.3 Whatever ESD safe chair is used or not, wrist strap is required for seated operations. It is not recommended
to use ESD chair as the primary ground.
8.19 Packaging Requirements
8.19.1 There are essentially 4 types of packaging materials: conductive, dissipative, shielding and antistatic material.
8.19.2 Conductive material is the material that can easily carry static charge to ground, which has a surface
resistance less than 1.0 x 104 ohms or a volume resistance of less than 1.0 x 104 ohms but higher or equal to
102 ohms. In Europe standard the surface resistance definition for conductive material is 1.0 x 10 2≤Rs<1.0 x
105 ohms. Conductive material is not allowed to package powered ESDS directly as conductive material will
dissipate a charge very fast, this fast dissipation means that a charged person or object can “spark” (ESD) to
its surface instead of around the material to ground. Note: A conductive material is not necessarily antistatic.
8.19.3 Dissipative material is material that has a surface resistance greater than 1.0 x 10 4 ohms but less than 1.0 x
1011 ohms or a volume resistance greater than 104 ohms but less than 1011ohms. In Europe standard the
surface resistance definition for dissipative material is 1.0 x 105≤Rs<1.0 x 1011ohms. Static dissipative material
will dissipate charges in a controlled manner to avoid sparks and must be grounded. Dissipative materials are
not necessarily low charging. Ungrounded static dissipative material will accept/generate charge.
8.19.4 Shielding is a barrier or enclosure which attenuates the energy from an electrostatic discharge, reducing the
energy transmitted from a 1000V human body model test discharge to 50nJ or less. Shielding material is that
with a conductive layer or surface which has a surface resistance of less than 1.0 x 10 3 ohms or a volume
resistance of less than 1.0 x 103 ohms. When a static shielding container is closed, the conductive layer in the
material forms a Faraday cage that does not allow electrostatic field to pass through. Containers made of
static shielding material should completely enclose their contents and be able to be sealed.
8.19.5 Antistatic material is materials with low charging properties have reduced amounts of charge accumulation
when compared with standard packaging materials. Antistatic materials shall not triboelectric charge to
greater than ±1,000 volts under normal/ intended usage. A class of chemicals called antistats is most
frequently used to make packaging low charging. Antistats reduce the resistance of the packaging material
and provide a boundary of similar material between the package and the contained device. This reduces
charge generation through like material contact and separation. Note: A material's antistatic property is not
necessarily correlated with its resistivity or resistance.
8.19.6 Insulating material is that material which has a surface resistance of greater than or equal to 1.0 x 10 11 ohms
or a volume resistance of greater than or equal to 1.0 x 1011 ohms. It will accept/generate charges readily but
will not dissipate a charge. The material cannot be grounded and is not static shielding.
8.19.7 Whenever practical, ESD sensitive parts should remain in the original protective container until assembled.
ESD sensitive item is not advised to be left unattended even on a static safe workstation, as it will be
vulnerable to damages.
8.19.8 ESD sensitive part ready for movement in EPA area can use one of the following:
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 Static dissipative containers

 Static shielding containers
 Conductive containers or board carriers
 Grounded movable racks
 Open containers and board carriers should be transported on grounded carts
8.19.9 ESD sensitive parts ready for movement or shipment should be stored in closed static dissipative or shielding
containers at all the time when they are not in an ESD safe workstation or area. Original closed vendor
packaging is also acceptable.
8.19.10 Any charge generating material should not be place inside the packaging with sensitive items.
8.19.11 All packages containing ESD sensitive items shall display either an approved label or marking with the "ESD
Susceptibility Symbol" or the "ESD Protective Symbol" on the container.
8.19.12 Any container displaying the "ESD Susceptibility Symbol" or the "ESD Protective Symbol" shall be opened at
an EPA area.
8.19.13 It’s the responsibility of the supplier to send parts or assembly in an appropriate packaging with approved
ESD signs for all sensitive items.
8.19.14 It’s also the responsibility of the customer that parts consigned comes with appropriate packaging to fulfill
ESD requirements.
8.20 Insulators in EPA area

8.20.1 All nonessential plastics and paper such as coffee cups, food wrappers, newspapers and pocketbooks must
be removed from the work area and stored elsewhere. They should never be present on the top surface of the
work position when ESD sensitive items are present. Additionally, direct contact must always be avoided.
8.20.2 Essential plastics (clothing, calculators, cathode-ray tubes, faceplates, and part bins) may remain at the
workplace. If the field exceeds 2,000 volts/inch, they should be isolated from ESD sensitive devices by a
minimum distance of 30 cm (12 inches) at all times or be neutralized or reduced to less than ±2,000 volts.
8.20.3 Direct contact between these plastics and ESD sensitive products must be avoided unless it is a process
requirement (such as assembly of plastic faceplates to circuit packs).
8.20.4 The ESD sensitive parts may be stored in static-prone parts bins and containers only if the parts are ESD
protected. The protection may consist of separation by dissipative bags, foams and inserts.
8.20.5 New purchases shall specify ESD safe materials whenever available.
8.20.6 Paper is virtually impossible to eliminate from the workplace but fortunately, most paper are slightly
conductive and do not generate significant electrostatic potentials. So paper is considered a low ESD risk
under most conditions. Only when humidity drops to very low levels, charge generated from paper may need
to be checked. If it is more than required class, then ESD sheet protectors or anti-static bags to put paper in
or maintain the 30-cm perimeter for static generators.
8.20.7 The use of antistatic/tropical treatment for chargeable item at an ESD area can also be used, so that it will not
generate charge more than the required class. If this method is used, it requires to be checked frequently
based on the usage and environment.
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8.20.8 Also ionization or other charge mitigating techniques can be used to neutralize the charge.
8.21 Ionizers Requirements
8.21.1 Ionizer is a device which is designed to generate positive and negative air ions. Air ionizer can neutralize the
static charge on insulated objects within the process area by attracting opposite polarity charges.
8.21.2 It is used where effective grounding is not practical, e.g. materials that must stay inside an EPA which are
typically insulators should be treated with ionizer. In this document, process required insulators that caused
the measured electrostatic filed near ESDS to be greater than 2000V/inch was handled by simply moving the
charge objects away from the ESDS. However, it needs to be asked what would happen if these material had
to be located next to ESDS. In these situation an air ionizer, if properly used, would lower the charge on the
insulators to allow them to be located very near ESDS. The decision to use air ionizer is very much
dependent on the requirements of the process. Air ionizers may be used to reduce the static charge on
objects within the process area, which are chargeable to, or generate greater than 100 volts (as determined
by Engineering).
8.21.3 Air ionizer is acceptable for static control only if it is always activated and properly positioned at any
unprotected ESD sensitive items being handled such that the ionized air surrounds the sensitive devices. So
ionizers should be turned on at least 2-3 minutes before unprotected ESD sensitive items are handled nearby,
and should primarily be focused such that the ionized air surrounds the sensitive devices.
8.21.4 Electronic ionizer tips shall be cleaned for functionality according to the manufacturer's recommended
schedule. Ionizer maintenance should be documented in PM schedule. Maintenance interval must be
recorded.
8.21.5 Air ionizers shall be tested on a regular basis for positive and negative decay and balance, and adjusted if
necessary, to ensure the final balance is within the control limit and the decay times do not exceed the
required limit. Decay time is the time required for an electrostatic potential to be reduced to a given
percentage (usually 10%) of its initial value. If necessary, to ensure the final balance is below 35V (Offset
Voltage < 35V) and the decay time is user defined. (For Room Ionization refer to Table 4)
8.21.6 Ionizers shall be serialized and test data recorded by serial number. Ionizer test logs should include, at a
minimum: test date, decay time for a positive charge, decay time for a negative charge, final balance, notes of
corrective action, and the initials of the person performing the tests. Self-balancing ionizers, which, according
to the manufacturer, do not require adjustment, need not be tested monthly, but should receive maintenance
according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. For technical requirements refer to Table 4.
8.22 Gloves and Finger Cots Requirements
8.22.1 To aid in contamination control and/or to handle high temperature ESD sensitive parts, static safe gloves or
finger cots may be required.
8.22.2 It is desirable to have conductive or static dissipative gloves for static protection purposes, but other issues
often force compromises in material selection. Some available gloves are not conductive or dissipative, but
they do not generate static charges during normal use. Their function, when and how they are to be used
shall be specified in the process routings. Questions regarding various glove compositions should be directed
to the Site ESD Coordinator.
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8.23 Transportation
8.23.1 Off-Site: To move components and assemblies Off-Site, use only closed static dissipative or shielding
containers (original, closed, vendor packaging is also acceptable). The containers should also be labeled as
containing static sensitive items.
8.23.2 Between Buildings On Site: To move components and assemblies between buildings (intra-site), use only
closed static dissipative or shielding containers, and ESD safe carts. All ESD protection measures must be
utilized and items may not be left unattended while in transit.
8.23.3 Between ESD Control areas within Building: All ESD protection measures must be utilized and items may not
be left unattended while in transit.
8.24 Environment Requirements
8.24.1 Moisture levels or relative humidity in the environment is an important consideration in static electricity. The
higher the humidity, the lower the ESD damage risks. For most conditions, 30% ~ 70% RH is considered the
appropriate range, and the temperature range is 18C to 27C (64.4F to 80.6F).
8.24.2 For very dry climates it is recommended that relative humidity is monitored and actions are taken when high
sensitive ESD parts are in the area to ensure a safe environment. For areas that have low ambient humidity,
ionization us an important consideration to aide in reducing charge accumulation level and provide
neutralization of charges.
8.24.3 It is required to conduct ESD product qualification test at 12% RH for adequate performance prior to selection
and installation.
8.25 Personnel Individual Daily Self-check Procedure
8.25.1 Every person working in a static-safe work area shall perform “Daily 10 step” at the start of each work shift.
The "Daily 10-Steps" is described as follows:
 Put on your wrist strap or conductive footwear and smock that is required in your job. Test and record
the wrist strap or footwear resistance to ground. The test records may be of the Pass/Fail type.
 Clear your work area of static charge generators such as untreated plastic bags, boxes, foam, tape, or
personal items, for a distance of at least 30cm from ESD sensitive items.
 Visually check your work area to make sure that there is no insulators or static-generating tools.
 Make sure that all cleaners, solvents, coatings and sprays used at your workstation are types approved
by your ESD control coordinator.
 Visually check that all packaged ESD sensitive parts, assemblies, or products are completely inside
closed static dissipative or antistatic containers, with nothing protruding.
 Make sure that there are no static generators inside static dissipative or antistatic containers with the
ESD sensitive items.
 Make sure that all shielding containers have an approved static attention label on the outside.

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 Visually check that the ground wiring to the workstation has not been disconnected or damaged. Be
especially suspicious if equipment or furniture has been moved or wiring changes made.
 If the workstation is equipped with an air ionizer, ensure that it is activated and positioned correctly.
 Do not allow anyone who is not grounded closer than 30 cm to your static-safe area. Ask them to
comply with the grounding and garment requirements of your area before coming closer or touching
anything.
8.25.2 If anyone of the above steps fails, unprotected ESD sensitive items shall not be handled until the fault is
corrected. If the individual is unable to correct the fault, the in charger shall be notified.
8.26 Class 0 Requirements
8.26.1 As per ANSI/ESD STM5.1 definition, Class 0 protected areas are processes that have devices that have an
ESD sensitivity rating of < 250 volts HBM when tested according to the latest revision of JEDEC JESD22 -
A114. If the device has an ESD sensitive rating of less than 250 volts HBM but higher than 100 volts, no
additional action should be taken but follow S20.20 or IEC-61340-1requirement.
8.26.2 Class 0 in this document are those parts that have an ESD sensitivity rating of <100 volts HBM. Additional
ESD precautions are required except what is listed in this procedure as per ANSI/ESD S20.20 or IEC-61340-
1required to ensure that adequate ESD protection is provided for these extremely sensitive components and
assemblies.
8.26.3 Class 0 workstations and processes are required to identify as Class 0 to warn employees and visitors that
additional ESD precautions must be taken at these locations.
Sample of Class 0 Label
8.26.4 Employees who handle Class 0 devices must have completed ESD Class 0 training and certification before
being allowed to handle these extremely sensitive devices.
8.26.5 Wrist strap with metal flexible bands is recommended to be worn by employees who handle Class 0 devices.
Normal wrist straps made of the stretch type fabric are not encouraged to be used for Class 0 devices.

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Sample of Metal Wrist Strap
8.26.6 Electronic wrist strap monitors are recommended at all Class 0 workstations. A properly grounded wrist strap
will keep a person’s body voltage to approximately +-10V. The main advantage to a constant monitor is the
immediate indication that the employee receives if the wrist strap falls open. With an unmonitored system, the
employee will not be aware of a wrist strap failure until the start of the next shift. This has reliability benefits for
an ESD program as it might help reduce or eliminate ESD damage. There are also other process benefits
from using constant monitors such as the elimination of the need to maintain daily test logs and a reduction in
the time for employees to make the daily test.
8.26.7 If wrist strap monitors are employed, employees must have their wrist strap plugged into the electronic
monitor anytime they are handling Class 0 devices. This is to provide adequate grounding protection for
employees who handle Class 0 devices.
8.26.8 ESD chair with grounding mechanism is recommended for sitting operations when handle Class 0 devices.
8.26.9 ESD grounded mats are required at all Class 0 workstations. The 2-layer rubber ESD mat is the
recommended mat to use due to chemical and wear resistant properties.
Refer to Best Practice of Anti-fatigue ESD Mat Specification and Qualification Guideline for more details on
Anti-fatigue ESD Mat.
8.26.10 All carts or racks used to transport Class 0 devices must be equipped with ESD wheels. Drag chain is not
recommended. It is recommended that Class 0 carts be identified as Class 0 with signs, labels, etc. to ensure
that all employees know the designed purpose for the cart. It is recommended that Production Management
designate a central location for Class 0 empty carts to be stored, to ensure availability when these carts are
needed
Sample of Metallic Cart with Class 0 Label

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8.26.11 ESD safe hand tools must be used on Class 0 devices or assemblies.
8.26.12 Floor mats, if used, must be hard grounded if floor mats are present at Class 0 processes, the mat must be
made of ESD material and hard grounded.
8.26.13 It is recommended that Class 0 devices remain in their original ESD protective packaging and be identified
with a “Class 0 ESD Device” label. The ESD Class 0 device label shall remain on the packaging throughout
the manufacturing processes. When Class 0 devices must be taken out of their ESD protective packaging,
they can only be performed at a Class 0 workstation. Class 0 devices must be placed back into an ESD bag
before being placed back in storage or distributed to production.
8.26.14 Packaging: ESD protective packaging and package marking shall be in accordance with the contract,
purchase order, drawing or other documentation. When the contract, purchase order, drawing or other
documentation does not define ESD protective packaging, the Site shall define ESD protective packaging
requirements for ESDS items. Some of these types and techniques include low charge generating bags and
wraps, air space, dissipative wrap, static shielding, conductive shunts and the use of EMI/RFI shielding.
Packaging is defined for all material movement within Protected Areas, between job sites and field service
operations.
Common pink bag is not recommended for Class 0 device package as its ESD performance will degrade with
time. It is recommended to use packaging that cannot degrade over time.
8.26.15 It is not allowed for employee to walk with ESD sensitive device without protection if static voltage generated
from human body is not checked. If ESD floor is used, ESD sensitive devices can be transported with
grounded carts. If ESD floor is not available, ESD sensitive devices should be stored in closed static
dissipative or shielding containers for transportation.
8.26.16 SMT lines that are utilized to run Class 0 product must be evaluated and upgraded if necessary, to ensure
that Class 0 product can be run without ESD damage. The Process Engineer is responsible to ensure that
this is completed prior to the first run of Class 0 product. Manufacturers may be consulted to determine the
current level of ESD sensitivity for each piece of equipment and upgrades that will qualify the equipment for
Class 0 product. Static field meters may be utilized to help qualify equipment and/or processes for Class 0
use. Process Engineers are also responsible to ensure that all workstations where Class 0 devices are
handled are upgraded with Ionizers, electronic monitors, ESD mats, etc. to assure protection for the Class 0
device. Product Engineers and the Site ESD Coordinator must work in concert with the Process Engineer to
ensure that all processes are safe for the Class 0 product.
8.26.17 Acceptance Criteria for Equipment Associated with Manufacturing, Handling and Testing Equipment: The
equipment is qualified for ESD safe operation according to the following requirements for final acceptance:
a) The equipment does not exhibit EMI/ESD events when tested. All conductive and/or dissipative
materials must be grounded.
b) Any movement must not result in excessive triboelectric charging of assemblies or components.
c) Surfaces that contact assemblies or components must be static-dissipative or, as a last resort,
conductive. (See Class 0 requirements for more details).
d) The facility and its equipment is not subject to ESD damage or malfunction due to ESD.
e) The equipment is equipped with provisions for convenient wrist-strap grounding of personnel and
other static control methods. The ground point shall be identified.
f) Work surfaces are grounded and static-dissipative. Any soft materials such as rubber or vinyl must be
ESD safe and grounded.
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8.26.18 All pliers, cutters, tweezers, etc. that are used on Class 0 product must be made of ESD safe materials. Static
dissipative handles, tips, etc. are considered acceptable methods of minimizing static charges on hand tools.
8.26.19 Static generators removed from the Class 0 workstations due to the extreme sensitivity of Class 0 devices,
additional controls must be put in place to ensure that all unnecessary static generators are removed from the
Class 0 work area. The goal should be to eliminate all static generating materials from the Class 0
workstation. ESD alternatives such as ESD bottles, containers, etc., must be utilized. However, when
process needs dictate that static generators are required, extreme caution must be used by the employee to
keep the static generating material as far away from the Class 0 device as is feasible. No static generator
shall come in direct contact with a Class 0 device or card.
8.26.20 When process-required insulators are used, extreme caution must be taken by the employee to keep the
static generating material at least 45cm far away from the Class 0 device. No static generator shall come in
direct contact with a Class 0 device.
8.26.21 Ionization is a key element to minimizing any static charges present at Class 0 processes. It is critical that
ionizers be powered on anytime Class 0 devices are present at a workstation or process. Ionizers should be
powered on 10 minutes before ESD devices are present to ensure that the ionizer has fully stabilized and is at
maximum effectiveness.
8.26.22 There may be specific customers who require additional ESD Class 0 precautions, except what is listed in this
procedure. In those cases, the customer and Flextronics need to come to an acceptable agreement for the
implementation of the additional standards.
8.26.23 Refer to Best Practice for ESD Class 0 Manufacturing Requirements for more details on class 0 requirements.
http://intranet.flextronics.com/fms/dms/Dms_OpsEng/ESD%20Class%200%20Best%20Practice.ppt
9.0 RESPONSIBILITY
9.1 The primary responsibility for implementation and enforcement of this practice rests with the management of
each entity.
9.1.1 Site ESD coordinator shall be responsible for ESD compliance audits and ESD problem solving at Flextronics
9.1.2 The respective heads / managers of departments are responsible to ensure that the ESD specification and
control requirements at their areas are implemented and followed. The site has to have clear definitions that
who is responsible for installation/ verification/ audit of the ESD system (this can be different from site by site
but must be clear for the specific site).
9.1.3 Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that operators are issued the appropriate ESD protective equipment
for their job assignment, and the worn or damaged equipment is promptly replaced. Supervisors are
responsible for verifying that all operators are performing the daily ESD wrist and footwear tests and for
establishing and maintaining the records.
9.1.4 Area/Building ESD representative is the person that the site ESD coordinator or manager designates within
each area for ESD compliance verification. Names of these individuals should be prominently displayed next
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9.2 Changes to this procedure can only be made by approval of the Flex global operations engineering team.
Request for changes can be addressed to the team by anyone using this process.
10.0 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
Refer to paragraph 8.4 and 8.5 in this procedure
11.0 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND METRICS
ESD compliance verification score can be a measure for ESD control program effectiveness measurement.
Scoring can be accomplished according to the following guidelines :
Compliance Level Action

Compliance level is <= 80% Initiate Formal Corrective Action
Compliance level is 81% to 89% ESD Training (as applicable)
If compliance is => 90% None
12.0 ASSESSMENT OF CONFORMANCE METHOD
12.1. Methods for Minimizing ESD Risk
Table 2 - Methods for Minimizing ESD Risk
Static Generating Material Example Containment Methods/Options

Excess boxes and packaging material, Remove from control area
Styrofoam
Tape, binders, page protectors, plastic bags Replace with ESD-safe alternatives
and boxes, foam
Plastic connector packaging, plastic case- Apply Ionization
with-board assembly (e.g. mouse assembly)
Exterior packing foam (for outgoing product) Separate from ESDS items by at least 30cm
Computer displays (VDT’s) Shield charge from ESDS items
Computer keyboards and monitor cases, May treat with topical static killer
plastic “windows” or “guards” on machinery
Note: A combination of methods may be required. Individual static generators should be evaluated by
engineering for the best ESD minimization method(s) to use.
12.2. ESD S20.20 Technical Requirements
Table 3 - ESD S20.20 Technical Requirements
ESD Control Product Qualification, see remark 1 Compliance Verification

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Item Test Method Required Limit(s), Test Method Required Limit(s)

see remark 2
Point to Point
< 1 x 109 ohms
Work surface ANSI/ESD S 4.1
(Qualification Point to ESD TR53 Point to Ground
can be done by Groundable Point Work surface < 1 x 109 ohms
either Test < 1 x 109 ohms Section
Method)
ANSI/ESD STM 4.2 < 200 volts
Wrist Strap 0.8 x 106 to

ANSI/ESD S1.1
1.2 x 106 ohms
Interior For compliance verification of a wrist
< 1 x 105 ohms strap system, see Table 5.
Wristband ANSI/ESD S1.1
Exterior
> 1 X 107 ohms
Personnel
ESD TR53
Ground Wrist Point to Ground
ANSI/ESD S6.1 Grounding Point to Ground
Strap < 2 ohms
Bonding < 2 ohms
Connection
Systems
(non-monitored)
Point to
Footwear ANSI/ESD STM9.1 Groundable Point < See Table 5 See Table 5
1 x 109 ohms
Point to
Groundable Point See Table 5 See Table 5
Foot
ESD SP9.2 < 1 x 109 ohms
Grounders
Point to Point
See Table 5 See Table 5
< 1 x 109 ohms
Point to Point
Flooring ANSI/ESD STM7.1 See Table 5 See Table 5
< 1 x 109 ohms
Point to Point to Ground
ANSI/ESD ESD TR53
Seating Groundable Point < 1 x 109 ohms
STM 12.1 Seating Section
< 1 x 109 ohms
Discharge Time
User defined
Discharge Time User
ESD TR53 defined
Ionization ANSI/ESD STM3.1 Offset Voltage Ionization
-35 <Voffset < 35 Section, see Offset Voltage
remark 3
-35 <Voffset < 35
Point to Point
< 1 x 109 ohms

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Shelving
(When used to Point to ESD TR53 Point to Ground
store ANS'I/ESD S4.1 Groundable Point Work surface < 1 x 109 ohms
unprotected < 1 x 109 ohms Section
ESDS)
Point to Point
Mobile
< 1 x 109 ohms ESD TR53 Point to Ground
Equipment
ANSI/ESD S4.1 Point to Worksurface < 1 x 109 ohms
(Working
Groundable Point Section
Surfaces)
< 1 x 109 ohms
ESD TR53
Tip to Ground
Electrical Soldering Iron
< 2.0 ohms
Soldering / Sec. or Tip to Ground
ANSI/ESD S13.1 ANSI/ESD < 10 ohms
Desoldering Tip < 20 millivolts
Hand Tools S13.1
Tip Leakage < 10
Sec 6.1
milliamps
ESD TR53
Continuous Continuous Manufacturer
User defined User defined
Monitors Monitors defined
Section
Static Control ESD TR53 Resistance
Garment Point to Point
Garments Garments Point to Point
(ANSI/ESD STM2.1), 1 x 1011 ohms
Section 1 x 1011 ohms
see remark 4
Remark:
1. Product qualification is normally conducted during the initial selection of ESD control products and
materials. Any of the following methods can be used: product specification review, independent laboratory
evaluation or internal laboratory evaluation.
2. For standards that have multiple resistance test methods, these limits apply to all methods.
3. For additional information on periodic testing of Ionizers, see ANSI/ESD SP3.3.
4. Now two garment types, “Groundable Static Control Garment” and “Groundable Static Control Garment
System” are disregard, along with their test methods and requirements, see “ESD Association Standards
Committee Standards Interpretation Bulletin”, released on June 19, 2008.
12.3. ESD S20.20 Personnel Grounding Requirements
Table 5 - ESD S20.20 Personnel Grounding Requirements

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Technical Product Qualification Compliance Verification

Requirement
Test Method Required Limit(s) Test Method Test Method(s)
Required Limit(s)
ANSI/ESD S1.1 ESD TR53
Wrist Strap System < 3.5 x 107 ohms < 3.5 x 107 ohms
(Section 6.11) Wrist Strap Section
ANSI/ESD ESD TR53
Footwear / Flooring < 1.0 x 109 ohms < 1.0 x 109 ohms
STM97.1 Footwear Section
System -- (Both
ANSI/ESD ESD TR53 Flooring
limits must be met) < 100 volts Peak < 1.0 x 109 ohms
STM97.2 Section
12.4. ESD S20.20 Grounding / Equipotential Bonding Requirements
Table 6 - ESD S20.20 Grounding / Equipotential Bonding Requirements
12.5. Turnstile Lock
A recommended best practice to control personnel access into ESD-controlled areas is depicted below. The
recommended system includes the use of a turnstile gate system to ensure that personnel perform and pass
footwear and/or wrist strap testing before they are permitted to enter the controlled area. If the test is failed,
the gate (turnstile) will remain locked and the employee/ visitor will not be permitted entrance.

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12.6. Personnel Group Categories.

The site should categorize various groups of personnel in the database:
 ESD footwear testing only.
 ESD footwear and wrist straps.
 Visitors (e.g., wearing ESD shoe straps).
12.7. Database Validation.

This system improves the integrity of the manufacturing system. As this is a go-no-go system, it eliminates the
conventional unreliable paper recording. The system consists of a turnstile, wrist strap/footwear tester, dual
footplate, and controller linked to a database. The database should be validated to ensure that complete
records can be retained for the defined/required time periods.
12.8. Audit Equipment Recommendations.

The recommended list in this section is only a guideline to help sites understand what testing equipment may
be useful to perform internal audits.
Megohmmeter (Surface Resistance Meter)

NFPA Probes (For measuring surface resistance, point-to-point and point-to-ground resistance. Ideal for
measuring surface resistance and resistance-to-ground (RTG) on conductive mats, chairs, bench surfaces,
and other ESD-safe surfaces)
S11.11 Probe (Test standard used to describe the resistance characterization of material defines specific
electrode configurations: ESD Association Standards S11.11 and S11.12 define a specific S11.11 concentric
ring electrode configuration to measure surface and volume resistance of dissipative planar material.)
Mini S11.11 Probe (Same as S11.11 but smaller in size).
Field Meter:
Locates static charge before it can damage sensitive devices. This hand-held non-contact field meter finds
static charge by measuring the field on materials, machines, and people.
Charge Plate Monitor:

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Primarily used to test the characteristics of ionizers such as offset voltage, ionizer balance and decay rates.
Hand held and bench top models are available Charged Plate Monitor is an easy-to-use, self-contained
instrument for measuring electrostatic potentials. These are also used to analyze static protective materials,
walking voltages on people, and static potentials at ESD controlled installations.
EMI/ESD
Event Detector: required for Class 0 and recommended for all sensitivities. Portable EMI/ESD event
detectors such as the EM Aware are available. (Used for analyzing complex automation equipment to locate
sources of ESD discharge events. These devices are capable of detecting the RF pulse radiated with ESD
events. These are placed in the areas where ESD Events are not tolerated. Indication of an ESD event is a
sure sign that your ESD-preventive measures need immediate attention.
Data acquisition systems are available that work in concert with EMI/ESD event detectors. These systems
operate with a laptop computer and provide graphical data for more accurate location and analysis of ESD
events.
EELS (ESD Event Locator System) (Detects and controls electrostatic discharge (ESD). Detects ESD at
levels of between 50 to 2,000 volts within one to 30 feet of its source. EELS can accurately pinpoint ESD
within one-half of a centimeter.).
12.9. Proposed ESD Control Program Maintenance Schedule

Refer to Table 2.
13.0 RECORD RETENTION REQUIREMENT
It shall include a requirement for maintaining records and shall document where the records are stored.
14.0 DOCUMENT REVIEW AND APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS
All site safety regulations are applicable during the handling and testing of ESD sensitive parts and are observed.
Safety requirements which may pertain to this standard are specified and documented for each site.
Workstations – All conductive material must satisfy the electrical requirements of the specific sites Solectron
Safety and Health manuals and local electrical codes.
Wrist Straps – All ESD wrist strap cords must have a built-in one-megohm current limiting resistor.
15.0 ATTACHMENTS/APPENDICES
15.1. ESD Control Program Audit Checklist (refer to OPS-ENG-3-005-01 ESD Control Program Audit Checklist)
NOTE: ESD audit checklist is the minimum requirement for the ESD control program where applicable. Site
ESD coordinator can develop a site level ESD checklist. Site ESD audit is conducted according to their
checklist.

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15.2. ESD Class Zero Checklist (refer to OPS-ENG-3-005-02 ESD Class Zero Checklist)

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Note:
This template provides a framework to document Policy, Process, and Procedures. The originator can add topics and sections as are required to bring
clarity to the document. Additionally, the originator can delete sections that are not Mandatory or applicable.

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Title : Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control Procedure Document Number : OPS-ENG-3-005-00

Author’s Manager Name Title Department Name

AEG VP Name Title Department Name

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4.0 DEFINITIONS and ABBREVIATIONS

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Faraday Cage – A conductive enclosure that attenuates a stationary electrostatic field

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RTG - Resistance to ground

Zap – An electrostatic discharge that often implies resulting damage to components

Table 1 - Summary Table of Key Definitions

Surface resistivity <105 ohms >105and <1011 N/A >1012

Must be grounded Yes Yes N/A N/A

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Yes, immediately, Yes, controlled, if

Document Title Document Number Hyperlink

Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control

6.0 POLICY STATEMENT

7.0 PROCESS FLOW CHART

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8.1.1 ESD Control Program Administrative Requirements

8.1.2 ESD Control Program Maintenance:

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Frequency* Action Checking method Records

Monthly Perform functional Measurement Preventive maintenance log or

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Yearly Calibrate auditing Measurement Maintain records per site

Yearly ESD review training Test Attendance records and test

Yearly (the The resistance of the Measurement Logs/Record

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Compliance Level Action

8.1.3 ESD Coordinator

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8.2 ESD Sensitivity Level Documentation

 Assume that all ESD products have an HBM sensitivity of 100V

8.4 ESD Training

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8.5 ESD Recurrent Training

8.6 ESD Audit (Compliance Verification)

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 The ESD control items that will be used,

 The acceptable limits for each ESD control item used

 Who will make the audit measurements

 What will be done if an out of compliance situation occurs

8.7 Voltage within an ESD Area

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8.8 Grounding/ Equipotential Bonding Systems Requirements

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Common Point Ground Symbol

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8.9 Machine/Equipment and Tool Requirements