Reproduction 3-6 Mark scheme (2006-2007)

1. (a) cells if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L3)
(b) tail 1 (L3)
(c) testis or testicle accept plurals 1 (L4)
(d) fertilisation if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L3)
[4]

2. (a) (i) · sperm 1 (L3)

(ii) · testis accept ‘testes’ 1 (L4)
(b) (i) · ovum or egg 1 (L3)
(ii) · ovary accept ‘ovaries’ 1 (L4)
(c) fertilisation 1 (L3)
(d) (i) · foetus 1 (L4)
(ii) · uterus 1 (L3)
[7]

3. (a) (i) any one from 1 (L5)

· every month or once a month
· every four weeks
· every 28 days accept answers from 26 days to 30 days
(ii) oviduct or fallopian tube 1 (L6)
(b) foetus 1 (L5)
9 answers must be in the correct order 1 (L5)
(c) (i) any one from 1 (L6)
· it cushions the baby
· it protects the baby against shocks or bumps
accept ‘it protects the baby’
· it absorbs shocks do not accept ‘keeps it warm’ or ‘keeps it moist’
(ii) placenta 1 (L5)
(iii) alcohol accept ‘drugs’ or a named drug 1 (L5)
accept a named toxin
accept ‘viruses’ or a named virus or a named
viral disease
(d) muscles contract accept ‘contractions’ 1 (L6)
[8]

4. (a) oviduct if more than one box is ticked, 1 (L6)

award no mark

greenwich literacy and numeracy centre 1

 (b) any one from 1 (L5)
· some eggs or sperm might be eaten or lost
· eggs or sperm are not protected inside the body
· to increase the chance of an egg being fertilised
accept ‘to make fertilisation more likely’
· some eggs might not be fertilised
· some are washed away accept ‘some die’
· some of the offspring might be eaten
accept ‘more tadpoles’
(c) (i) any one from 1 (L5)
· to let oxygen or air into the egg
· to let carbon dioxide or waste gases out
· to allow gas exchange
accept ‘for respiration’
do not accept ‘to let waste out’
(ii) any one from 1 (L5)
· for protection
· to stop the egg drying out accept ‘it stops it drying out’
· it stops infection or disease
accept ‘it stops micro-organisms or bacteria
or viruses or germs getting in’
accept ‘to retain the contents’
‘it stops infection getting in’ is insufficient
(d) any one from 1 (L6)
· food passes from the mother to the embryo or baby
accept ‘the mother provides food’
· the embryo is fed through the placenta
accept ‘it is fed through the umbilical cord’
· it gets food from the mother’s blood
do not accept ‘it gets food from the blood’
[5]

5. (a) 35 to 40 weeks accept ‘35 and 40’ or ‘the last five weeks’ 1
(b) any one from 1
· it allows the foetus to move accept ‘it allows the foetus to grow’
· it protects or cushions the foetus
· it supports the foetus

greenwich literacy and numeracy centre 2

 (c) any three from
· taken in by mother’s lung
· diffusion into the mother’s blood
· transported in mother’s blood
· through the placenta
· through the umbilical cord
· in blood of foetus
· diffusion into the cells of the foetus
greenwich literacy and numeracy centre
3
accept ‘breathed in’
accept ‘diffusion from the mother’s blood
to the baby’s blood’
accept ‘in baby’s blood’
accept ‘in the blood’ as an alternative to
either ‘transported in mother’s blood’ or ‘in
blood of foetus’, but not to both
[5]
3