Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 2

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................................... 3
3.0 SAMPLE CALCULATION ............................................................................................................. 4
4.0 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................... 9
5.0 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 10
6.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 11
7.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................ 12

1
1.0 INTRODUCTION

This project was conducted for preparing the arrangement of piping system for the hotel. The
hotel has 12 rooms with the height 20m from the ground. The piping system that we have
designed are to supply the water through the pump from the lake to the large water tank at the
rooftop of the hotel. So, the water from the large water tank at the rooftop will provide the
sufficient amount of water for each room in the hotel. For this project, we are deciding to
choose the suitable diameter of the pipe and the amount of the pump that can be used.

The purpose for this project are to determine the pump head (Hp) and the operating flow rate
(Q) from the lake to the large water tank at the rooftop of the hotel. In the piping system, it also
has a major losses and minor losses can occur and it shows the intersected between the system
curve and the pump performance curve.

There are three types of pump that are centrifugal pump, mixed flow pump and axial flow
pump. For this project, the centrifugal pump has been used. A centrifugal pump converts driver
energy to kinetic energy in a liquid by accelerating the fluid to the outer rim of an impeller.
The faster the impeller revolves or the bigger the impeller, then the higher the velocity of the
liquid at the vane tip and the greater the energy imparted to the liquid.

2
2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Water is to be pumped from a lake to a large supply tank on the roof of a hotel through a pipe
with friction f = 0.005.

Determine the operating flow rate, Q and head pump, hp.

Use the TACO Model 4013 pump show in the Appendices to supply the water to the tank.

You are to decide on all the design parameters and also on the number of pumps to be used
and their arrangement

3
3.0 SAMPLE CALCULATION

TANK

HOTEL

20m

Ball valve fully open

(Kʟ=0.05)

LAKE 1

Pump

Elbow
Elbows, Kʟ= 0.3 x 8
Pipe inlet sharp-edged, Kʟ= 0.5
Pipe exit sharp-edged, Kʟ= 1.0

Figure 1: Arrangement of the piping system from lake to tank

4
Assumptions:

D = 0.08 m
L = 50 m
Z2 – Z1 = 20 m
No of pumps = 2 pumps
Pump arrangement = series

𝑃1 𝑉12 𝑃2 𝑉22
+ + 𝑍1 +ℎ𝑝 = + + 𝑍2 + ℎ𝐿 + ℎ 𝑇
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔
P1 ≈ P2 = Patm (open to atmosphere)
V1 = 0 (stagnated)
hT = 0 (no turbine)

𝑉22
ℎ𝑝 = + 𝑍2 + ℎ𝐿
2𝑔

𝑉22 𝑄 2 1
= ( ) ( )
2𝑔 𝐴 2𝑔
2
𝑄 1
= ( ) ( )
𝜋(0.04)2 2(9.81)
= 2017.26𝑄 2

𝐿 𝑉22
ℎ𝐿 = (𝑓 + Σ 𝑘𝐿 ) ( )
𝐷 2𝑔
50
= (0.005 ( ) + Σ 8(0.3) + 0.05 + 0.50 + 1) (2017.26𝑄 2 )
0.08
= 14272.11𝑄 2

ℎ𝑝 = 2017.26𝑄 2 + 20 + 14272.11𝑄 2

= 16289.37𝑄 2 + 20

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 𝑄(𝑚3/𝑠) 𝐻1 = 0.203 𝑚 𝐻2 = 0.216 𝑚 𝐻3 = 0.229𝑚 𝐻req, 𝑚

0.00 19.6 28.2 37.2 20.00

0.01 19.7 27.8 37.0 21.63
0.02 19.1 27.0 36.3 26.52
0.03 17.1 26.3 34.8 34.66
0.04 13.4 22.4 33.6 46.06
0.05 30.5 60.72
Table 1

When Q = 0
hp = 16289.37𝑄 2 + 20
= 16289.37(0.00)2 + 20
= 20 m

When Q = 0.01
hp = 16289.37𝑄 2 + 20
= 16289.37(0.01)2 + 20
= 21.63m

When Q = 0.02
hp = 16289.37𝑄 2 + 20
= 16289.37(0.02)2 + 20
= 26.52m

When Q = 0.03
hp = 16289.37𝑄 2 + 20
= 16289.37(0.03)2 + 20
= 34.66m

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When Q = 0.04
hp = 16289.37𝑄 2 + 20
= 16289.37(0.04)2 + 20
= 46.06m

When Q = 0.05
hp = 16289.37𝑄 2 + 20
= 16289.37(0.05)2 + 20
= 60.72m

Calculate for head system, D = 0.216 m

For power required,

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 = (1000)(9.81)(0.02)(27)

= 5.30𝑘𝑊

Calculate for head system, D = 0.229 m

For power required,

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 = (1000)(9.81)(0.03)(35)

= 10.30𝑘𝑊

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 70

60 60.72
Hreq

H1,
50
D=0.203m
46.06 H2,
Pump head, m

D=0.216m
40 37.2 37 36.3 34.8

33.6
30 28.2 27.8 27 34.66 30.5
26.52
21.63 26.3
20 22.4
20 17.1
19.6 19.7 19.1
13.4
10

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Volume Flow Rate, m3/s

Graph 1: Volume flow rate vs pump head

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4.0 DISCUSSION

The task that have been given to us was to design a pipe system for a hotel using a pump which
supply from the lake. The water is to be pumped from the lake to a large supply tank which is
located on the rooftop of the hotel through these pipes. The friction of pipe was given f = 0.005.

From the task given, we have decided to design the pipe system for a hotel which the
diameter is 0.08m. We were using two pumps with the series arrangement for delivering the
water to the hotel. For our design, we were using eight flange elbow, KL = 0.3, sharp-edged
pipe inlet and exit which are KL 0.50 and 1 respectively. Our design also has fully open ball
valve which the value of KL is 0.05.

The operating flow rate, Q and pump head, hp for the pipe design were determined from
the Taco Model 4013 pump. Based on the calculation, we have using the Bernoulli’s equation
for calculating the flow rate and pump head. From the graph, we got the head system from the
intersection between volume flow rate and pump head.

Based on the graph, we have found that the suitable diameter was 0.216m. At point of
the intersection between value of flowrate and head pump, the efficiency that we got was 65%.
It is because the best efficiency point (BEP) is between 60-65%. So, it is the better choice for
the pump that we used.

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5.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the objective for the task given was successfully achieved which are to
determine the operating flow rate, Q and pump head, hp for the pipe design. We were also have
successfully calculated the value of pump head using the Bernoulli’s equation and chose the
suitable diameter of impeller of the pump based on the best efficiency point of pump which is
65%. So, based on the head system that we chose and the efficiency that we got, the hotel will
receive the water supply that provided from the lake sufficiently.

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6.0 REFERENCES

1) Bruce R. Munson and Donald F Young “Turbo Machine”, Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics,
6th.ed., Vol.1, Wiley, United State of America, pp 645-665.
2) S. L. Dixon, B. Eng., Ph.D. and C. A. Hall, Ph.D. “Centrifugal Pumps, Fans, and Compressors”,
Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, 7th.ed. Vol 1, Pergamon Press
Ltd. 1966.
3) "http://www.pipeflow.com" Pipe Friction Loss Calculations, [Online]. Available:
http://www.pipeflow.com/pipe-pressure-drop-calculations/pipe-friction-loss [Accessed 13
June 2017].

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7.0 APPENDICES

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