1.

0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

There are several kindly hearted individuals who helped us on completing this mini
project for the MEC 442 course. First and foremost, we would like to thank our MEC 442,
lecturer, Mrs. Merlisa Ali for her guidance in the preparation of this report.

Besides, thanks to our teammates, Nur Syazwani Binti Aslani, Nur Nabihah Binti Mohd
Ruzmi, and Nur Syakirah Binti Shadan. We were cooperated with each other and work hard to
accomplice the task.

My sincere gratitude to those who helped me along the way in reaching my potential
through completion of this project.

Last but not least, without all of these commitments and supports, this report would not
have materialized.

1
2.0 ABSTRACT

This project was aimed at preparing the arrangements of the piping system to supply
the water from lake to the large water tank on the roof of a hotel. We are also deciding on the
diameter of the pipe and number of pump uses.

The purpose of this mini project is to determine the operating flow rate and pump head
from a lake to a large supply tank on the roof of a hotel.

Centrifugal pump transports fluids by conserving the kinetic energy of rotation into
hydrodynamic energy within a fluid.

In piping system, there must be some major and minor losses occur. In piping system
shows where the pump performance curve and the system curve intersected with each other.

2
3.0 INTRODUCTION

Centrifugal pumps were used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic
energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes
from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the
rotating axis and was accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into diffuser or
volute chamber (casing), from where it exits.

Centrifugal pumps were perhaps the most common type of pump in operation today.
Furthermore, with many different configurations available, centrifugal pumps were widely
used because of their design simplicity, high efficiency, wide range of capacity and head,
smooth flow rate and ease of operation and maintenance.

In piping system, it has major and minor losses, best efficiency point, shut off head and
free delivery. Besides, centrifugal pump systems were mostly used in the chemical and
petrochemical industries to pump water, chemicals and sewage and also used in many other
industries for sewage and water pumping.

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4.0 PROBLEMS

Water is to be pumped from a lake to a large supply tank on the roof of a hotel through
a 40m pipe with friction f= 0.005. The surface level of the water in the supply tank is 25m
above that of the lake surface.

Determine the operating flow rate and pump head.

Use the TACO Model 4013 pump shown in Figure 14-15 in Cengel’s Fluid Mechanics
Book Third Edition in SI units to supply the water to the tank.

You may decide on the pipe diameter and also on the number of pumps to be used and
their arrangement.

4
Figure 4.1: TACO MODEL 4013

5
5.0 SAMPLE OF CALCULATION

2 TANK

Elbow

25m 𝐿 = 40𝑚
HOTEL
𝐷 = 0.1𝑚

Pump

LAKE
Elbow, 𝐾𝐿 = 4 × 0.3

Sharp edge, 𝐾𝐿 = 0.5

Exit , 𝐾𝐿 = 1.05

Figure 5.1: The arrangement of the piping system to pump water from lake to tank

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Assumption:
𝐷 = 100𝑚𝑚 = 0.1𝑚
𝐿 = 40𝑚
𝑍2 − 𝑍1 = 25𝑚
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 2 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑠
𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝑃1 𝑉1 2 𝑃2 𝑉2 2
+ + 𝑍1 + ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = + + 𝑍2 + ℎ𝐿
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔

𝑉2 2 𝑄 2 1
=( ) ( )
2𝑔 𝐴 2𝑔
2
𝑄 1
=( 2 ) ( )
𝜋(0.1) 2𝑔
4
= 826.27 𝑄 2

𝐿 𝑉2 2
ℎ𝐿 = (𝑓 + ∑ 𝐾𝐿 ) ( )
𝐷 2𝑔
40
ℎ𝐿 = (0.005 ( ) + ∑ 4(0.3) + 0.5 + 1.05) (826.27 𝑄 2 )
0.1
ℎ𝐿 = 3924.78 𝑄 2

𝑉2 2
ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = + (𝑍2 − 𝑍1 ) + ℎ𝐿
2𝑔
ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 826.27 𝑄 2 + 25 + 3924.78 𝑄 2

ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 4751.05 𝑄 2 + 25

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 𝑄(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝐻1 = 0.216 𝑚 𝐻1 = 0.229 𝑚 𝐻1 = 0.2413𝑚 𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑞 (𝑚)

0.00 27.6 36.2 45.8 25.00

0.01 27.0 35.8 45.6 25.48
0.02 24.8 34.0 44.4 26.90
0.03 19.0 30.4 40.4 29.28
0.04 10.0 23.4 34.6 32.60
0.05 23 36.88

Table 5.1

1. Calculation for head system , D = 0.216m

For power required,

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 = (1000)(9.81)(0.015)(26)

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 3.83𝑘𝑊

2. Calculation for head system , D = 0.229m

For power required,

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 = (1000)(9.81)(0.0315)(29.7)

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 9.18𝑘𝑊

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3. Calculation for head system , D = 0.2413m

For power required,

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 = (1000)(9.81)(0.044)(34.3)

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 14.81𝑘𝑊

∴ Thus, 𝑄 = 0.015𝑚3 /𝑠
𝐻 = 26 𝑚

∴ The smaller-diameter impeller option is the better choice because it uses less power
to supply water from lake to tank.

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6.0 GRAPH

Head vs Volume Flow Rate

head system (H3), D=0.2413m head system (H2), D= 0.229m
head system (H1), D= 0.216m head required, Hreq
50

45

40

35
34.3
29.7
30
Head (m)

26
25

20

15

10

0
0 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.03 0.0315 0.04 0.05 0.06
0.044
Volume Flow Rate,Q (m³/s)

Graph 6.1 : Graph of Volume Flow Rate vs Head

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7.0 DISCUSSION

The problem was given is to supply water from lake to tank on the roof of a hotel by
using pumps and the length of the pipe is 40 m with friction f = 0.005. The static head from
tank and lake is 25 m.

Based on a problem, the design that have decided by assuming the diameter of the pipe
is 100 mm and the number of pumps to be used were two pumps with series arrangement.

Furthermore, in the analysis that had calculated, based on the Taco Model 4013 pump
shown in Figure 14-15 in Cengel’s Fluid Mechanics Book Third Edition in SI Units were used
to find the operating flowrate, Q and head of pump, 𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 for the design.

Based on the calculation, the Bernoulli’s equation have been used to find the head pump
required with the unknown flowrate, Q. From the Taco Model 4013, the value of Q were
selected which are 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 m3 ∕ s and the head required pump were
solved by the value of Q.

Moreover, the value of operating flowrate and head pump required were determined by
intersection of the head required for all flowrate and the values of head pump of each diameter
in Taco Model 4013 as in Table 1.

Based on the graph, the intersection of head system for each diameter pump and head
pump required are determined. The power required for the design were solved by the equation
Prequired = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 where ρ = density, g = gravity, Q = flowrate required, and 𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
= Head required.

The diameter of 9.75 in (216 mm) were selected because smaller-diameter impeller
option is the better choice in spite of its lower efficiency but it uses less power to supply the
water to tank.

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8.0 CONCLUSION

In a nutshell, the problems that had been given were solved based on the calculation of
the design and the arrangements of the pump and pipe. The volume flow rate and the head
pump had successfully calculated and decided based on the efficiency of the pump. It is decided
after comparing the diameter of the impeller, which is compared based on the head system with
the head required.

Based on the calculation, the volume flow rate is 𝑄 = 0.015𝑚3 /𝑠 and the head pump
is 𝐻 = 26 𝑚 . The diameter of the impeller that will be used is D = 0.216m because it has the
most efficiency compared to two other diameter. The design of the piping system is by using
the diameter of the pipe of 𝐷 = 0.1 𝑚 with length of 40 m and two pump to supply water from
the lake to the tank.

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9.0 REFERENCE

 Bruce R. Munson and Donald F Young “Turbo Machine” , Fundamental of Fluid

Mechanics, 6th edition , Vol. 1, Wiley, United State Of America.
 S.L Dixon, B. Eng, PhD and C.A. Hall, PhD “Centrifugal Pumps, Fans and
Compressor”, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, 7th edition,
Vol 1, Pergaman Press Ltd. 1966.
 Yunus A. Cengel, John M. Cimbala “ Fluid Mechanics ”, Fundamental and
Applications, 3rd edition.

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