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refrigerant enters the expansion valve, where it is Product -12 ℃ -12 ℃ -12 ℃
undergoes pressure reduction. After expansion valve Meat 8 15 24
the refrigerant again enters the evaporator and the Ground Meat 6 10 15
cycle continues. A fan is used to force the warm air Veal carcass 6 12 15
over the evaporator coils. The condenser may be Veal steak 6 12 15
water or air cooled type. Lamb carcass 18 24 24
Lamb steak 12 18 24
Pork carcass 6 10 15
Pork steak 6 10 15
Sliced bacon 12 12 12
Chicken whole 9 18 24
Chicken parts 9 18 24
Turkey 8 15 24
Duck, Geese 6 12 18
Liver 4 12 18
The following table shows data for meat at 4. Calculation of Refrigeration Loads
different storage temperatures [Practical storage life The most accurate means of determining the
in months]. refrigeration load is by calculating each of the factors
contributing to the load.
Coefficient of performance
Product load COP = Refrigerating effect / Compressor work
= 152.4 / 33.3042
Mass = 200 kg COP = 4.57
Initial temp of meat = 24℃ (COP)Actual = (1/3) x COP
Freezing temp = -2℃ = 4.57 / 3
Final / storage temp. = -18℃ (COP)Actual = 1.52
Specific heat of meat before freezing = 3.23 KJ/kgK
Specific heat of meat after freezing = 1.68 KJ/kgK
Latent heat = 233 KJ/kg
Solution:
To cool from 24℃ to -2℃ = 200 x 3.23(24 - (-2))
= 16796 KJ
To freeze = 200 x 233 = 46600 KJ
To cool from -2℃ to -18℃ = 200 x 1.68(-2 - (-18))
= 5376 KJ
Total = 16796 KJ + 46600 KJ + 5376 KJ
= 68772 KJ/24hr
= 800 W or 0.8 KW
HL = (No. of lamps) x (Lamp power rating) The selection appropriate of insulating material
x (Functioning time) for preventing heat gain from the outside
= 2 x 40W/hr x 8hrs surroundings is very important. Besides being a good
= 0.64 KW heat insulating material, it should also be
economical, practical and durable. Cold storage
Heat load due to occupancy insulation material has several types: one is that it
can be processed into fixed shape and specification
At -18℃ heat released by a person is 1372 KJ/hr or which has fixed length, width and thickness.
0.3811 KW Different panels are available according to different
Ho = (No. of persons working) x (Heat released) assembling needs.
x (Working time) High and medium temperature cold storage rooms
= 1 x 0.3811 x 1 generally need 10cm thick panel whereas low
= 0.3811 KW temperature cold storage and freezing cold storage
rooms need 12cm or 15cm thick panels. Another
Therefore, cold storage can use spray polyurethane foam. The
Total heat load = 0.8 KW + 3.148 x 10-3 KW material is directly sprayed to brick or concrete
+ 0.64 KW + 0.3811 KW which, after shape settled, is moisture proof and heat
= 1.8242 KW insulating. Heat insulation material includes PU and
From the table of refrigerant 134a PHB. Pu is not bibulous, heat insulating but highly-
H1= 386.7 KJ/kg, H3 = H4 = 234.3 KJ/kg cost. PHB is bibulous, less heat insulating but low-
And calculating H2 = 420 KJ/kg cost. Modern structures are developing fabricated
Therefore, cold storage rooms which make moisture proof
Compressor work = H2 – H1 layers and insulating layers in advance and
= 420 – 386.7 assembling is done on site. It advantages in
= 33.3042 KJ/kg construction convenient, quick, mobile nut the highly
cost.
Refrigerating effect = H1 – H4 Therefore as per the temperature considerations
= 386.7 – 234.3 and also considering the economics and durability,
= 152.4 KJ/kg Urethane is best suited insulating material for the
Generator
9. Conclusion
The refrigeration room of 2m x 2m x 2m was
successfully designed having a total refrigeration
load of 0.52 TR. The equipment designed for
handling the load was based on the load calculations.
The evaporator has a refrigeration capacity of 3 HP,
the condenser has a capacity of 2 HP and the
compressor required is of 1 HP. Also a generator of 4
HP is suggested along with other equipment. The
overall equipment and workmanship cost goes to
$2020 (Two thousand and twenty dollars) and
including other costs it amounts to about $2424(Two
thousand four hundred and twenty four dollars). So it
is economical considering the purpose. Therefore,
the objective of the design has been justified and
achieved effectively
10. References
[1] Authors: S J James Bruce James, Meat Refrigeration,
1st Edition.