JOB NO: 3 ANGULAR MEASUREMENTS

LOCATION: UCP SPORTS COMPLEX

DATE: 31/10/2018
APPARATUS:
1. THEODOLITE
2. PEG
3. HAMMER
4. RANGING ROD
5. STAND
ANGULAR MEASUREMENTS:
These are basically two measurements in triangulation.
1. Base line
2. Angle measurement of triangle
Accuracy of the whole network will depend on the accuracy of
measurements of these two.

Effect of error in angular measurements over a given

distance:
ᶿ
. d
 s
Let ‘ᶿ’ be a small angle and S= distance of sight ;
d = linear displacement of target.

d / s = Sin ᶿ
very small angle = d / s = Sin 1" = 1 / 206265

Method of angular measurement:

1. By repetition method.
2. By retrition method.

By repetition method:
This method is use when only one angle want to be measure.
A

B
C
By retrition method.
 This method method is use where No. of angle more then one want
to be calculated.

A
D

B C
Any 1st / round / one zero any initial reading can be set.
( angle will remain unclamped throughout)

Closing the HORIZON:

To measure all angle around a given point.
B C

F A D

Sources of ERROR in angular measurement:

1. Incorrect leveling of instrument
2. Incorrect centring of instrument
3. Incorrect bisecting of target
4. Refraction effect
5. Wrong observation of angle
6. Booking of angle.
Mistake and bulunders

Bare Net:
Normally it is required that the base line much shorter then the very
long triangulation line specially when the measurements is to be
done by steel tape.
1. From triangle ABC and ABD well condition measure angle
accurately. CD can be calculated.
2. From triangle CED,CDF as before , From angular measurement
and calculation.CD and EF can be calculated.
 C

E A B
F

Bare Net: .
NO of pair of triangle so formed is called bare net.

Satellite Station: it is often required to use the top of tower as a

station point for by section only from a large distance.
Obiviusully this point cannot be use as instrument station.
Original triangle ABC.
But C cannot be visible from A,B.
Apoint T is selected near by and bisected from Aand B.
Case 1.
When satellite station lies in side the triangle ABC.
<s is measured.

6 4 5 1 2 are measured. 6 = 3 + ( α+β)

S
PROOF:
4 1 2 5
A
B

1+2+3 = 180 OR (4+α) +2+3 = 180.

4 + 5 +6 =180 OR 4 + ( 2 – β ) +6 =180
4 + α +2 +3 = 4+2 –β +6
 6 = 3+ (α+β)
CASE 2:
When S lies outside the triangle ABC.
PROOF:

1+2+3 = 180 OR (4+α) +2+3 = 180.

4 + 5 +6 =180 OR 4 + ( 2 – β ) +6 =180
4 + α +2 +3 = 4+2 –β +6
3 = 6- (α+β)

Intervisibility of station point:

Some time the two station point while appear to be not intervisible,
Can become intervisible by use of tower.

Factor effecting intervisibilty of station point.

1. Distance between the station points.
 A
B

Curvature effect will make them invisible from each other.

2. R . L Of station points.

A
B

Elevate points Aand B become intervisible inspite of long distance b/w

them.
3. Profile of the intervening griund.

A B

There may be obteraction b/w elevated pts A and B.

Then making them invisible from each them.

A d
B
Γ
aaa

Let B be a INSTRUMENT STATION line of sight to C at distance D.

To make C visible from B.
Height of instrument = h
R= Radius of earth
A is center of earth.
In right angle triangle.

BCᵔ2 + ABᵔ2 = ACᵔ2

dᵔ2 + Rᵔ2 = (AD+DC)ᵔ2
dᵔ2 + Rᵔ2 = (R+h)ᵔ2
2Rh = dᵔ2 - hᵔ2
h = dᵔ2 - hᵔ2 / 2R
h is ignored because it is very small.
h = dᵔ2 / 2R
due to curvature effect only
R = 6367km

ANGLE NAME:

Angle Name Angle Name Angle Name Angle Name

CDE 1 FCE 5 ACF 9 FAC 13
DEC 2 DCE 6 CFB 10 CAB 14
CEF 3 DCB 7 BFA 11 ABF 15
EFC 4 BCA 8 FAC 12 CBF 16

VALUES:

1 = 115°12´39"

2 =28°30´15"

3=85°16´50"

4=58°04´58.5"
5=36°38´11.5"

6=36°17´06"

7=237°28´18.5"

8=16°12´54"

9=33°23´09"

10=30°32´58"

11=38°54´58.5"

12=232°27´00"

13=77°08´19"

14=17°13´16.5"

15=46°43´34"

16=99°50´51"
TABLE :

Station Object Face Horizontal Mean of Angle

point sight Circle Faces Value
Reading
C B L 17°20´17" BĈA
R 20´28.5" 16°12´57"
197°20´40"
A L 33°33´24" 33´25.5" AĈF
R 33°23´12"
213°33´27"
F L 66°56´21" 56´37.5" FĈE
R 36°38´0.5"
246°56´54"
E L 103°34´22" EĈD
R 34´38" 36°17´15"
283°34´54"
D L 139°51´52" DĈB
R 51´53 " 237°28´18.5"
319°51´54"
B L 17°20´07" 20´11.5"
R
197°20´16"

∑=359˚59' 43"
STATION C:

Adjusted value Correction

16°13´00" +3"
33°23´15" +3"
36°38´3.5" +4"
36°17´19" +3"
237°28´22.5" +4"
∑=360˚00' 00"

SATAION F:

ANGLE NAME Angle value Adjusted value Correction

4 58°04´48.5" 58°04´51.5" +3"
10 30°33´1.5" 30°33´04" +2.5"
11 38°55´1.5" 38°55´4.5" +3"
12 232°26´57" 232°27´00" +3"
∑=359˚59' 48.5" ∑=360˚00' 00"

ANGULAR ADJUSTMENT:

1. Station point.
Principle:

The sum of all the angles around a station should be 360˚

Figure adjustment:

Triangle CDE:

Angle Name Angle value Correction Adjustment

1 115˚2' 52" -13" 115˚12' 39"
2 28˚30' 28.5" -12" 28˚30' 15"
6 36˚17' 18" -12" 36˚17' 06"
∑=179˚50' 38.5" ∑=180˚00' 00"
Triangle CEF:

Angle Name Angle value Correction Adjustment

3 85˚16' 43" +7" 85˚16' 50"
4 58˚4' 51.5" +7" 58˚4' 58.5"
5 36˚38' 4.5" +7" 36˚38' 11.5"
∑=179˚59' 39" ∑=180˚00' 00"

BRACED QUARDILATIRAL ABCF:

A B
15 14

9 10

C D
 Note : C = log sin (angle)+10

D = log sin (angle +1) +10

C-D = log sin (angle)+10 – log sin (angle +1) +10

Angle Angle Angle Geometrical

Name value Adjusted Correction Adjustment C D C-D
value
13 77˚09' 25" -6" 77˚08' 19" 77˚08' 26" 9.988968 9.988969 -0.000001
14 17˚13' 22.5" -6" 17˚13' 16.5" 17˚13' 5.5" 9.471308 9.471315 -0.000007
15 46˚43' 40" -6" 46˚43' 34" 46˚43' 23" 9.862160 9.862162 -0.000002
16 99˚50' 57" -6" 99˚50' 51" 99˚50' 44" 9.993556 9.993555 -0.000001
8 16˚13' 00" -6" 16˚12' 54" 16˚12' 47" 9.445930 9.445938 -0.000008
9 33˚23' 15" -6" 33˚23' 09" 33˚23' 20" 9.740614 9.738694 -0.000003
10 30˚33' 04" -6" 30˚32' 58" 30˚33' 09" 9.706143 9.706147 -0.000004
11 38˚55' 4.5" -6" 38˚54' 58.5" 38˚55' 5.5" 9.798104 9.798108 -0.000003
∑=360˚00' ∑=360˚00' 00" ∑= -
48" 0.000029
∑=- 0.000029 / 8

Alpha = ∑log sin(angle)+10(odd) -∑log sin(angle)+10(even) / 8

Alpha= 4.7375*10-5

ß = 3.625 *10-6

Correction = alpha / beta

Correction = 4.7375*10-5 / 3.625 *10-6

 Correction = 13"

Geometrical Geometrical
Adjustment Adjustment
(odd+13")
(Even -13")
77˚08' 26" 77˚08' 39"
17˚13' 5.5" 17˚12' 52.5"
46˚43' 23" 46˚43' 36"
99˚50' 44" 99˚50' 31"
16˚12' 47" 16˚13' 00"
33˚23' 20" 33˚23' 07"
30˚33' 09" 30˚33' 22"
38˚55' 5.5" 38˚54' 52.5"

Length of Lines:

LINE LENGTH (m)

AB 67.656
BC 71.697
CD 62.416
DE 77.402
EF 83.191
FA 78.419
Bearing of Lines:

Line Bearing
AB 217˚00' 00"
BC 183˚34' 07"
CD 126˚05' 31.5"
DE 61˚18' 11.5"
EF 355˚05' 15.5"
FA 302˚38' 28.5"

TABLE:

Line Length Bearing Latitude Departure Correction

AB 67.656 217˚00' 00" -54.03 -40.71
BC 71.697 183˚34' 07" -71.55 -4.46
CD 62.416 126˚05' 31.5" -36.76 50.43
DE 77.402 61˚18' 11.5" 37.16 67.89
EF 83.191 355˚05' 15.5" 82.88 -7.12
FA 78.419 302˚38' 28.5" 42.297 -66.03
∑=-0.003 ∑= 0

Line Point Corrected Ind Coordinate

Latitude Departure Latitude Departure
AB B -54.03 -40.71 200 200
BC C -71.55 -4.46 128.45 195.54
CD D -36.76 50.43 91.69 245.97
DE E 37.16 67.89 128.85 313.86
EF F 82.88 -7.12 211.73 306.74
FA A 42.297 -66.03 254.02 240.71
B -54.03 -40.71 200 200