Amino acid

Empiric dose: 2-3g/day

Epinephrine Preparation: 8%/100ml
Neonate *
Asystole and Bradycardia Calcium
0.01 – 0.03 mkdose 1:10,000 Empiric dose: 200-400/day
0.1 – 0.3 ml/kg/dose IV/ET Preparation: 100mg/ml
Infants and Children * Wt x ED = mg/d x prep 1ml/100mg
1st dose: 0.01 mg/kg 1:10,000
Sodium
0.1 ml/kg max dose: 1 mg (10ml)
Empiric dose:
ET
Preparation: 2.5 meqs/mL
Uncuffed in patients ≤ 8 y/o
* Wt x ED
Age in years + 4 (uncuffed) 2.5
4 + 3 (cuffed) Potassium
16 + age/4 Empiric dose:
Depth: 3x FT size Preparation: 2 meqs/mL
* Wt x ED
Dopamine 2
IVRF x (dopa) x 60
800 or 400 TPR of Newborns
800 – 1 cc dopa + 49cc D5W BW 1-2 days 3-4 days 7-30 days
400 – 0.5 cc dopa + 49 cc D5W <750 g 100-250 150-300 120-180
750-1000g 80-150 100-150 120-180
Blood component Replacement 1000-1500g 60-100 80-150 120-180
Volume of PRBC’s = EBV (ml) x DHCT – Actual
>1500g 60-80 100-150 120-180
HCT of PRBC’s
(0.55)
CPAP
Estimated Blood Volume
CA = 100 – F102 x CPAP
Age Total Blood Volume (ml/kg) 79
Preterm 90-105 O2 = CPAP – CA
Term 78-86
1-12 mos 73-78
1-3 years 74-82 WHO Treatment Plan for Dehydration
4-6 years 80-86 Plan A ORS
7-18 year 83-90 <24 months 50-100ml 500ml/day
2-10 years 100-200ml 1000ml/day
TPN 10 years or more As tolerated 2000ml/day
Plan B Moderate or Some Dehydration
Compute for electrolytes first (Na, K, Ca, AA)
ORS to be given in the 1st 4 hours
AA of milk – 10.48 x volume of feeding
* 75ml/kg BW
1000
Plan C Severe Dehydration: IV
AA of milk – AA required = AA TPN
100ml/kg PLRS or PNSS
<12 mos older
30ml/kg 1 hr 30 mins
Feeding
Breastmilk: 20 cal/30ml or 1 oz. 70ml/kg 5 hours 2 1/2hours

Formula: 24 cal/3oml or 1 oz. Anion Gap

[Na] – ([HCO3] + [Cl])
Total Caloric Input Normal: 12 meqs/L (range: 8-16meqs/L)
Increased Anion Gap
Amount of feeding x Frequency x Cal
30cc = DKA
Present weight Renal Failure
Lactic acidosis
Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma
Dextrosity Disorders of AA metabolism
Large amount of Penicillin
K = Desired Dx – Actual Dx or Total of electrolytes x
Salicylate poisoning
Dx/45
D50 – Actual Ethylene glycol/methanol ingestion
K x TFR x weight = Amount of D5050 Decreased Anion Gap
Nephrotic syndrome
Lithium ingestion
GIR Multiple myeloma
Dextrosity x desired rate x K (0.167)
Weight PEFR in 6-7 y/o
Normal: 4-8 mg/kg/min
MALES ( Height in cm – 100 ) 5+ 175
FEMALES ( Height In cm – 100 ) 5+ 170
Total Fluid Requirement Peak flow variability
Amount of feeding x frequency = Highest Reading - Lowest reading x 100
Present weight Highest reading
 IMMUNIZATIONS
VITAL SIGNS AT VARIOUS AGE
BCG
Intradermal HR BP RR
< 12 months: 0.05 ml AGE
> 12 months: 0.1 ml Premature 120-170 55-75/ 35-45 40-70
HBV
0-3 mos 100-150 65-85/ 45-55 35-55
Intramuscular
1st dose: at birth (within 24 hours): 0.5ml 3-6 mos 90-120 70-90/ 50-65 30-45
2nd dose: 1 month 6-12 mos 80-120 80-100/ 55-65 25-40
3rd dose: 6 months 1-3 yr 70-110 90-105/ 55-70 20-30
4th dose: 3rd dose given < 6 months; No birth dose
given;Preterms, < 2 kg 3-6 yr 65-110 95-110/ 60-75 20-25
Measles Vaccine 6-12 yr 60-95 100-120/ 60-75 14-22
Subcutaneous 12 (*) yr 55-85 110-135/ 65-85 12-18
9 months but can be given as early as 6 months
MMR
12 months
MNEMONICS FOR WEIGHT
Booster: 4-6 years old
Given earlier: 4 weeks apart Infants < 6 months old Wt. in grams= (age in mos x 600) + BW
MMR + Varicella
Subcutaneous Infants 6-12 months old Wt. in grams= (age in mos x 500) + BW
12-15 months
Booster: 4-6 years old ≥ 2 years old Wt. in Kg= (age in year x 2) + 8
Provided that last dose is 3 months apart from last dose 6 to 12 years old Wt. in Kg= ((age in year x 7) – 5) / 2
Influenza
Intramuscular or Subcutaneous MNEMONICS FOR HEIGHT
February – June Height in 1st year = 1.5 x birth length
2 doses separated by 4 weeks Height in 2nd year= 30 inches or ½ of mature height (boys)
HAV Height in 3rd year = 36 inches (3 ft)
Intramuscular Height in 4th year = 40 inches or 2 x birth length
Recommended at 12 months Height in 13th year = 3 x birth length
2nd dose: 6-12 months from 1st dose Height in cm = (age in years x 5) + 80
Rotavirus
Monovalent: oral, 2 doses, 3 weeks – 14 weeks
(<15weeks), minimum interval: 4 week, not later than 24 RECOMMENDED ENERGY and NUTRIENT INTAKE PER DAY
(RENI) From 0-18 years old
weeks
Population Group Weight (kg) Energy (kcal) Protein (g)
Pentavalent: oral 3 doses
Typhoid Infants, mos
Intramuscular Birth - <6 6 560 9
History of travel 6- <12 9 720 14
Exposure to Salmonella typhi Children, y
2 years old, repeat every 2-3 years 1-3 13 1070 28
4-6 19 1410 38
7-9 24 1600 43
PRIMITIVE REFLEXES Males, y
10-12 34 2140 54
REFLEX APPEARS AT DISAPPEARS AT
13-15 50 2800 71
Suck Birth 3 mos 16-18 58 2840 73
Root Birth 3 mos 19-29 59 2490 67
Monro Birth 4-6 mos 30-49 59 2420 67
Tonic Neck Birth 6-7 mos 50-64 59 2170 67
Babinski Birth 2 years 65+ 59 1890 67
Landau 3 mos 12 mos Females, y
Parachute 7-9 mos Persists 10-12 35 1920 49
throughout life 13-15 49 2250 63
Walking/ Birth 6 weeks 1618 50 2050 59
Stepping
Palmar grasp Birth 5-6 mos
CLASSIFICATION of SEX MATURITY STATES in GIRLS
Galant Birth 4-6 mos
SMR STAGE PUBIC HAIR BREASTS
Swimming Birth 4-6 mos
Babkin Birth
1 Preadolescent Preadolescent
Palmomental Present in various
neurologic conditions 2 Sparse, lightly pigmented, Breast and papilla elevated as small
straight, medial border of mound; diameter of areola increased
such as Down’s
labia
syndrome
3 Darker, beginning to curl, Breast and areola enlarged, no contour
Shout/ pouting Infancy 1 year increased amount separation
4 Coarse, curly, abundant, but Areola and papilla form secondary mound
less than in adult
Z-SCORES 5 Adult feminine triangle, Mature, nipple projects, areola part of
spread to medial surface of general breast contour
Length/ Weight for Weight BMI for
thigh
Height AGE for Age
for AGE Length/ CLASSIFICATION of SEX MATURITY STATES in BOYS
Height SMR STAGE PUBIC HAIR BREASTS
Above 3 Very tall Use weight OBESE
Above 2 NORMAL for length, OVERWEIGHT 1 None Preadolescent
Above 1 BMI for age POSSIBLE RISK OF 2 Scanty, long, slightly Enlarge scrotum, pink, texture altered
chart OVERWEIGHT pigmented
Median NORMAL 3 Darker, starting to curl, small Larger
Below -1 amount
Below -2 STUNTE Underweigh WASTED 4 Resembles adult type, but Larger, scrotum dark
D t less quantity, coarse, curly
Below -3 Severely Severely SEVERELY WASTED 5 Adult distribution, spread to Adult size
Stunted Underweigh medical surface of thigh
t
 Assessment of Dehydration According to the World Health
MODIFIED GLASGOW COMA SCALE FOR INTANTS AND CHILDREN
Organization*
Area Infants Children Scor Severe Dehydration Two of the following signs:
Assessed e -Lethargic or unconscious
-Sunken eyes
Eye Open spontaneously Open spontaneously 4
-Not able to drink or drinking poorly
Opening
-Skin pinch goes back very slowly
Open in response to Open in response to 3
verbal stimuli verbal stimuli Some Dehydration Two of the following signs:
Open in response to Open in response to 2 -Restless, irritable
pain only pain only -Sunken eyes
No response No response 1 -Thirsty, drinks eagerly
-Skin pinch goes back slowly
Verbal Coos and babbles Oriented, appropriate 5
Response No Dehydration Not enough of the above signs to classify as some or
Irritable cries Confused 4 severe dehydration
Cries in response to Inappropriate words 3
pain
Moans in response in Incomprehensible 2 DEHYDRATION
pain words or nonspecific SYMPTOMS MINIMAL OR MILD NTO SEVERE
sound NONE MODERATE (>9% BW)
No response No response 1 (<3% Loss of (3-9% Loss of BW)
BW)
Motor Moves spontaneously Obeys commands
Mental Status Well; alert Normal, fatigued or Apathetic, lethargic,
Response and purposefully 6 restless, irritable unconscious
Withdraws to touch Localizes painful 5
stimuli Thirst Drinks normally, Thirsty; eager to drink Drinks poorly;
Withdraws in Withdraws in response 4 might refuse unable to drink
response to pain to pain liquids
Responds to pain Responds to pain with 3
with decorticate flexion Heart Rate Normal Normal to increased Tachycardia with
posturing (abnormal bradycardia in most
flexion) severe cases
Responds to pain Responds to pain with 2 Quality of Pulse Normal Normal to decreased Weak, thread, or
impalpable
with decerebrate extension
posturing (abnormal Breathing Normal Normal; fast Deep
extension) Eyes Normal Slightly sunken Deeply sunken
No response No response 1 Tears Present Decreased Absent
Mouth and Moist Dry Parched
Tongue
Skinfold Instant recoil < 2 secs >2 secs
GLASGOW COMA SCALE FOR <5 years old
Capillary refill Normal Prolonged Prolonged, minimal
BEST MOTOR RESPONSE (6)
Spontaneous 6
Localizes 5 Extremities Warm Cool Cool; mottled,
Normal Flexion 4 cyanotic
Abnormal Flexion 3 Urine Output Normal to Decreased Minimal
Abnormal Extension 2 decreased
Flaccid 1
VERBALIZATION (5)
Appropriate for age, fixes and follows, 5 CLINICAL CORRELATES OF DEHYDRATION
social smile
Cries but consolable 4 Severity Fluid Deficit in ml/kg SIGNS
Persistently irritable 3 Infants Adolescents
Restless/Lethargic 2 MILD 50 (5%) 30 (3%) Typically minimal findings but
None 1 may have slightly dry, buccal
EYE OPENING (4) mucus membranes, increased
Spontaneous 4 thirst, slightly decreased UO
To voice 3
To pain 2
Not at all 1 MODERATE 100 (10%) 50-60 (5-6%) Dry buccal mucus membranes,
MILD 14-15 tachycardia, little or no UO,
lethargy, sunken eyes and
MODERATE 9-13
fontanelles, loss of skin turgor
SEVERE 3-8

SEVERE 150 (15%) 70-60 (7-6%) Same as moderate plus a rapid

KRAMER JAUNDICE SCALE thread pulse, no tears,
Face TSB ~ 5 mg/dl cyanosis, rapid breathing,
Mid-abdomen TSB ~ 15 mg/dl delayed capillary refill,
hypotension, mottled skin,
Feet excluding soles and palms TSB ~ 20 mg/dl coma
Including soles and palms TSB ~ 25 mg/dl
Grade 0 None
Grade 1 Face and neck only
Grade 2 Chest and back HOLIDAY SEGAR METHOD
Grade 3 Abdomen below umbilicus to 0-10 kg 100ml/kg
knees
Grade 4 Arms and legs below knees 10-20 kg 50ml/kg
Grade 5 Hands and feet >20kg 20ml/kg
** total ml/kg divided by 24 hours
WHO TREATMENT PLAN for DEHYDRATION < 10y/o or < 40kg: D5IMB
PLAN A ORS > 10y/o or >40kg: D5NM
<24 months 50-100 ml 500 ml/day
2-10 years 100-200 ml 10000 ml/day
10 years or more As tolerated 2000 ml/day DEFICIT THERAPY (DT)
PLAN B Moderate or Some Dehydration MILD MODERATE SEVERE
ORS to be given in the 1 st
<2 y/o or <15kg 5% 10% 15%
24 hours
Wt x 50 Wt x 100 Wt x 150
*75 ml/kg BW
Plan C Severe Dehydration: IV >2 y/o or > 3% 6% 9%
100 ml/kg PLRS or PNSS 15kg Wt x 30 Wt x 60 Wt x 90
<12 mos older X1 X1.3 X1.5
30 ml/kg 1 hr 30 mins
** Run DT for 6 hours then re –assess
70 ml/kg 5 hours 2 ½ hours
 KAWASAKI DISEASE TREATMENT of TYPHOID FEVER in CHILDREN
Diagnostic criteria: OPTIMAL THERAPY ALTERNATIVE EFFECTIVE DRUGS
1. Remittent fever (41C) persisting for more than 5 days SUSCEPTI ANTIBIOTIC Daily Days Antibiotic Daily Days
2. Bilateral conjunctival infection without exudates BILITY Dose Dose
3. Strawberry tongue, erythema and cracking of the lips mk/day mk/day
4. Erythema and edema od the hands and feet UNCOMPLICATED TYPHOID FEVER
5. Polymorphous exanthems
Fully Chloramphe 50-75 14- Fluoroquino 15 5-7
6. Unilateral CLAD > 1.5 CM
Sensitive nicol 21 lone, eg.
Treatment: Ofloxacin or
IVIG-treatment of choice ciprofloxaci
-2 g/kg/day n
Aspirin 80-100 mg/kg/day
Amoxicillin 75-100 14
Diagnosis: serial 2d echo  aneurysm seen
Multidrug Fluoroquino 15 5-7 Azithromyci 8-10 7
ACUTE STAGE resistant lone or n
• cefixime
Intravenous immunoglobulin 2 g/kg over 10-12 hr
15-20 7-14 Cefixime 15-20 7-14
Quinolone Azithromyci 8-10 7 Cefixime 20 7-14
AND resistant n or
ceftriaxone
• Aspirin 80-100 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hr orally until patient is afebrile 75 10-
for at least 48 hr 14
CONVALESCENT STAGE SEVERE TYPHOID FEVER
• Aspirin 3-5 mg/kg once daily orally until 6-8 wk after illness onset Fully Ampicillin 100 14 Fluoroquino 15 10-
Sensitive or lone, eg. 14
LONG-TERM THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ABNORMALITIES Ceftriaxone Ofloxacin or
• ciprofloxaci
Aspirin 3-5 mg/kg once daily orally n
60-75 10-
• 14
Clopidogrel 1 mg/kg/day (max 75 mg/day)
Multidrug Fluoroquino 15 10- Cefrtiaxone 60 10-
• Most experts add warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin for those resistant lone 14 or 14
patients at particularly high risk of thrombosis cefotaxime
ACUTE CORONARY THROMBOSIS 80
Quinolone Ceftriaxone 60-75 10- Fluoroquino 20-30 14
• Prompt fibrinolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator or other
resistant 14 lone
thrombolytic agent under supervision of a pediatric cardiologist

RECOMMENDED ERADICATION THERAPIES for H. pylori

RHD Medications Dose Duration of
Revised jones criteria Treatment
Major Criteria Amoxicillin 50 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 14 days
1. Arthritis most common doses
2. Carditis Clarithromycin 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 14 days
3. Erythema Marginatum doses
4. Sydenham’s Chorea PPI 1 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 1 month
5. Subcutaneous nodules doses
Minor Criteria or
1. Arthralgia Amoxicillin 50 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 14 days
2. Fever < 39C doses
3. Elevated acute phase reactants  ESR, C-reactive Metronidazole 20 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 14 days
CHON doses
4. Prolonged PR interval PPI 1 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 1 month
Diagnosis via 2 major or 1 major + 2 minor doses
Previous grp A streptococcal infection or
RHD Clarithromycin 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 14 days
1. Mitral regurgitation/ mitral stenosis on PE doses
2. Left ventricular/ Right ventricular hypertrophy on Metronidazole 20 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 14 days
ECG doses
3. Irregular cardiac borders on X-ray PPI 1 mg/kg/day in 2 divided 1 month
doses

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS ANTIBIOTICS USED for TREATMENT of BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

Infective Endocarditis NEONATES INFANTS and CHILDREN
1. Strep Viridians – most common, use Pen G and DRUG 0-7 days 8-28 days
gentamycin Amikacin 15-20 days 20-30 divided q8h 20-30 divided
2. Staph Aureus – 2nd most common, use Methicillin and q8h
gentamycin Ampicillin 200-300 divided 300 divided q4h 300 divided q4-
q8h or q6h 6h
Cefotaxime 100 divided q12h 150-200 divided 200-300 divided
ACTIVE RF q8h or q6h q8h or q6h
1.Joint symptoms Ceftriaxone 100 divided
2. Murmurs q12h or q24h
3. Inc. heart size Ceftazidine 150 divided q12h 150 divided q8h 150 divided q8h
4. CHF Gentamicin 5 divided q12h 7.5 divided q8h 7.5 divided q8 h
5. Subcutaneous Nodules Meropenem 120 divided q8h
6. Sleeping pulse rate of > 100/min Nafcillin 100-150 divided 150-200 divided 150-200 divided
7. + C-reactive protein q8h or q12h q8h or q6h q4h or q6h
8. Consecutive fever for 3 days Penicillin G 250,000-450,000 450,000 divided 450,000 divided
Treatment for RF divided q8h q6h q4h or q6h
1. Pen G/ Benzathine given once (ED: 100K-400K) Rifampicin 20 divided q12h
2. Penicillin V/Phenoxy methyl Penicillin 2-3 times per day given for Tobramycin 5 divided q12h 7.5 divided q8h 7.5 divided q8h
10 days Vancomycin 30 divided q12h 30-45 divided q8h 60 divided q6h
3. Erythromycin 2-4 times per day given for 10 days
Diagnosis via 2 major or 1 major + 2 minor
FINDINGS: BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
Previous grp A streptococcal infection
1. See Nigrovic Clinical Decision Rule
2. CSF Color: Cloudy CSF
3. CSF Glucose much less that 50
4. CSF Protein much greater that 45
5. CSF Leukocytes: Markedly increased Neutrophils
6. CSF Opening Pressure: increased >200
 Albumin
Premature 1 day 1.8-3.0 g/dl
Full term <6 days 2.5-3.4 g/dl
FINDINGS: FUNGAL MENINGITIS <5 years old 3.9-5.0 g/dl
1. CSF Color: Clear to Cloudy Fluid 5-19 years 4.0-5.3 g/dl
2. CSF Glucose <50
Sodium
3. CSF Protein >45 Newborn 134-146 mmol/L
4. CSF Leukocytes: Monocytes increased Infant 139-146 mmol/L
5. CSF Opening Pressure: increased Child 138-145 mmol/L
Thereafter 136-146 mmol/L
Potassium
<2 months 3.0-7.0 mmol/L
FINDINGS: VIRAL MENINGITIS 2-12 months 3.5-6.0 mmol/L
1. CSF Color: Clear to Cloudy Fluid >12 months 3.5-5.0 mmol/L
2. CSF Glucose: Normal Chloride
3. CSF Protein >45 Cord blood 96-105 mmol/L
4. CSF Leukocytes: Increased CSF Lymphocytes Newborn 97-110 mmol/L
5. CSF Opening Pressure: Normal or increased Thereafter 98-106 mmol/L
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Arterial 21-28 mmol/L
Venous 22-29 mmol/L
FINDINGS: TUBERCULOSIS MENINGITIS Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure
1. CSF Color: Cloudy Fluid (PCO2) 27-40 mmHg
2. CSF Glucose <50 Newborn 27-41 mmHg
3. CSF Protein >45 Infant 35-48 mmHg
4. CSF Leukocytes Thereafter M 32-45 mmHg
a. Early: Neutrophils increased Thereafter F
b. Later: Lymphocytes increased Glucose
Cord blood 45-96 mg/dl
Premature 20-60 mg/dl
Neonate 30-60 mg/dl
FINDINGS: GUILLAIN-BARRE Newborn
1. CSF Color: Clear to Cloudy Fluid 1 day 40-60 mg/dl
2. CSF Glucose: Normal >1 day 50-90 mg/dl
Child 60-100 mg/dl
3. CSF Protein much greater than 45 Adult 70-105 mg/dl
4. CSF Leukocytes: Lymphocytes normal or Creatinine
increased Cord blood 0.6-1.2 mg/dl
5. CSF Opening Pressure: Normal Newborn 0.3-1.0 mg/dl
Infant 0.2-0.4 mg/dl
Child 0.3-0.7 mg/dl
Adolescent 0.5-1.0 mg/dl
FINDINGS: NEOPLASM Adult M 0.6-1.2 mg/dl
1. CSF Color: Clear to xanthochromic Adult F 0.5-1.1 mg/dl
2. CSF Glucose: Normal or decreased Creatinine clearance: newborn 40-65 ml/min/1.73 m2 | <40 yr, M: 97-137, F:
3. CSF Protein: Normal or increased 88-128
4. CSF Leukocytes: Normal or increased lymphocytes Calcium Total
5. CSF Opening Pressure: increased >200 Cord blood 9.0-11.5 mg/dl
Newborn (3-24 hours) 9.0-10.6 mg/dl
24-48 hours 7.0- 12.0 mg/dl
4-7 days 9.0-10.9 mg/dl
FINDINGS: NEUROSYPHILIS Child 8.8-10.8 mg/dl
1. CSF Color: Clear to Cloudy Fluid Thereafter 8.4-10.2 mg/dl
2. CSF Glucose: Normal Calcium Ionized
3. CSF Protein >45 Cord blood 5.0-6.0 mg/dl
4. CSF Leukocytes: Monocytes increased Newborn (3-24 hours) 4.3-5.1 mg/dl
5. CSF Opening Pressure: Normal or increased 24-48 hours 4.0-4.7 mg/dl
Thereafter 4.8-4.92 mg/dl
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Cord blood 21-40 mg/dl
FINDINGS: INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE Premature (1 wk) 3-25 mg/dl
1. CSF Color: Bloody CSF with xanthocromia Newborn 3-12 mg/dl
2. CSF Glucose: Normal or decreased Infant or child 5-18 mg/dl
3. CSF Protein >45 Thereafter 7-18 mg/dl
4. CSF Leukocytes: Increased
5. CSF Opening Pressure: increased >200 RABIES EXPOSURE
CATEGORY EXPOSURE MANAGEMENT
CATEGORY Feeding or touching an animal Wash exposed skin
Blood Component Replacement 1 Licking of intact skin immediately with soap
Volume of PRBC’s= EBV (ml) x DHCT – Actual Exposure to patients with s/sx of and water
HCT of PRBC’s (0.55) rabies by sharing or eating or NO VACCINES OR RIG
drinking utensils NEEDED
Casual contact to patients with s/sx May opt to give pre-
of rabies exposure prophylaxis
Estimated Blood Volume CATEGORY Nibbling or nipping of uncovered skin COMPLETE
Age Total Blood Volume (ml/kg) 2 with bruising VACCINATION UNTIL
Preterm 90-105 Minor scratches or abrasions without DAY 30
bleeding (If animal is rabid, died,
Term 78-86 Licks on broken skin killes, or unavailable for
1-12 mos 73-78 14 day observation or
1-3 years 74-82 died during period of
observation within 14
4-6 years 80-86 days)
7-18 years 83-90 CATEGORY Transdermal bites or scratches START VACCIONE AND
3 Mucous membranes contamination RIG IMMEDIATELY
with saliva
Handling of infected carcass or
ingestion of raw infected meat
Category II on head and neck area
Exposure to rabies patient
contamination of mucous membranes
with saliva or fluid through platerring
 GINA CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA SEVERITY
Symptoms/D Symptoms/ PEF/ PEF
ay Nights FEV1 Variability Hematocrit (Hct)
1 day 48-69%
STEP 1 <1 times a
Intermittent week
2 days 48-75%
3 days 44-72%
</= 2 times a >/= 2 months 28-42%
Asymptomatic <20%
month 80%
and normal 6-12 months 35-45%
PEF between 12-18 months M 37-49%
attacks 12-18 months F 36-46%
STEP 2 >1 times a 18-49 years M 41-53%
Mild week but <1
Persistent time a day 18-49 years F 36-46%
>2 times a >/= Hemoglobin (hgb)
20-30%
Attacks may month 80% 1-3 days 14.5-22.5 g/dl
affect activity 2 months 9.0-14.0 g/dl
6-12 years 11.5-15.5 g/dl
STEP 3 Daily 12-18 years M 13.0-16.0 g/dl
Moderate 12-18 years F 12.0-16.0 g/dl
>1 times a
Persistent Attacks affects 60-80% >30%
week 18-49 years M 13.5-17.5 g/dl
activity
18-49 years F 12.0-16.0 g/dl
STEP 4 Continouos WBC
Severe Birth 9.0-30.0 x 1,000/mm3
Persistent Limited
Frequent
</=
>30%
12 hours 9.4-34.0 x 1,000/mm3
physical 60% 1 month 5.0-19.5 x 1,000/mm3
activity 1-3 years 6.0-17.5 x 1,000/mm3
4-7 years 5.5-15.5 x 1,000/mm3
8-13 years 4.5-13.5 x 1,000/mm3
Adult 4.5-11.0 x 1,000/mm3
LEVELS OF ASTHMA CONTROL Myelocytes 0%
Characteristics Controlled (All Partly Controlled Uncontrolled Neutrophils-bands 3-5%
of the (Any measure Neutrophils-segmenters 54-62%
Following) present in any
week)
Lymphocytes 25-33%
Daytime None (≤ >twice/ week Three or
Monocytes 3-7%
symptoms twice/week) more features Eosinophils 1-3%
Limitations of None Any of partly Basophils 0-0.75%
activities controlled
asthma Pltct NEWBORN: 84-478 x 10^6 Pltct ADULT: 150-400x10^6
Nocturnal None Any
symptoms/ present in (after 1 wk, same as adult)
awakening any week
Need for None (≤ >twice/ week
reliever/ rescue twice/week)
treatment HEMODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT
Lung function* Normal <80% predicted or PARAMETERS Stable Compensated Hypotensive Shock
(PEF or FEV1 personal best condition Shock
Exacerbation None One or more/year One in any Sensorium Clear and Clear and lucid Change of mental
week lucid status (restless and
combative)
Capillrary Brisk < 2 Prolonged > 2 sec Very prolonged,
Classification of asthma severity (0-4 years refill time sec mottled skin
Components of of age) Extremities Warm and Cool peripheries Cold and clammy
severity Intermi Persistent pink
ttent Mild Moderat Sever Peripheral Good Weak and thread Feeble or absent
e e pulses volume
Symptoms <2 >2 Daily Throu Heart Rate Normal for Tachycardia Severe tachycardia
age with bradycardia in
days/w days/week ghout
the late shock
eek but not the
BP Normal for Normal systolic Narrowed PP < 20
daily day
age pressure but
Nighttime 0 1- 3- >1x/w rising diastolic
awakenings 2x/month 4x/mont eek pressure
Impa h RR Normal Tachypnea Hyperpnea,
irme Short-acting <2 >2 Daily Severa Kussmaul breathing
nt beta2- days/w days/week l times
agonist use eek but not per
for symptom daily day CRITERIA FOR DISCHARGE
control (not All of the following must be met:
prevention
1. No fever for at least 24-48 hours
of EIB
2. Improvement in clinical status (general well-being, appetite,
Interference None Minor Some Extre hemodynamic status, urine output, no respiratory distress)
with normal limitation limitation
mely 3. Stable hematocrit
activity limite
4. Increasing trend of platelet count (usually preceded by rising
d
WBC)
Risk 0- >2 exacerbations in 6 months
1/year requiring oral systemic
Exacerbatio corticosteroids, or >4 wheezing
ns requiring episodes/1 year lasting >1 day
oral AND risk factors for persistent
systemic asthma
corticosteroi Consider severity and interval since
ds last exacerbation, frequency and severity
may fluctuate over time.

Exacerbation of any severity may occur in

patients in any severity category.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 and
consider short
Recommended step course of oral
for initiating systemic
therapy corticosteroids
In 2-6 weeks, depending on severity, evaluate
level of asthma control that is achieved. If no
clear benefit is observed in 4-6 weeks, consider
adjusting therapy or alternating diagnoses
 pCAP C pCAP D
pCAP A or B
PEDIATRIC COMMUNITY ACQUIRED
PNEUMONIA CLASSIFICATION Pneumonia I Pneumonia II
Non-Severe
SEVERE VERY SEVERE
VARIABLES
CLINICAL
1. Dehydration NONE MILD MODERATE SEVERE
2. Malnutrition NONE MODERATE SEVERE
3. Pallor NONE PRESENT PRESENT
4. Respiratory rate
 3 to 12 mos ≥50/min to ≤60/min >60/min to ≤ 70 >70/min
 1 to 5 y/0 ≥40/min or ≤ 50/min >50/min >50/min
 > 5 y/o ≥30/min or ≤ 35/min >35/min >35/min
5. Signs of respiratory failure
a) Retraction NONE IC/ Subcostal Supraclavicular/IC/SC
b) Head bobbing NONE PRESENT PRESENT
c) Cyanosis NONE PRESENT PRESENT
d) Grunting NONE NONE PRESENT
e) Apnea NONE NONE PRESENT
f) Sensorium NONE IRRITABLE Lethargic/ Stuporous/Comastose
Diagnostic aid at site-of-care
1. Chest X-ray findings of any of the
ff: effusion, abscess, air leak, or NONE PRESENT PRESENT
lobar consolidation
2. Oxygen saturation at room air 95% <95% <95%
using pulse oximetry
ACTION PLAN
1. Site-of-care Outpatient Admit to Ward Admit to a critical care facility
2. Follow-up End of treatment

GENERIC BRAND PREPARATION EMPIRIC DOSE FREQUENCY Cefuroxime KEFOX 750mg/vial Neonates: 50-
250mg/vial 100mkd Q12
Aluminum MAALOX <6mos=o.5ml QID
hydroxide + >6mos: 1ml Children: 75-
magnesium 150mkd Q8
hydroxide Cetirizine diHcl ALNIX 5mg/5ml <6y/o: 2.5mkd OD
>6y/o: 5-10mkd
Aluminum MAALOX <6mos:o.5ml QID
hydroxide + PLUS >6mos: 1ml Cetirizine + ALNIX PLUS 5mg/5ml <6y/o: 2.5mkd OD
magnesium phenylephrine >6y/o: 5-10mkd
hydroxide +
simethicone Chloramphenicol CHLOROCAI 125mg/5ml </= 2kg: 25mkd OD
palpitate RE >2kg: 50mkd
AmbroxolHcl AMBROLE 30mg/5ml Wt x 0.2 TID Q12
X 15mg/5ml
7.5mg/1ml Chlorphenamine + DISUDRIN WT X 0.2
phenylephrine
Amoxicillin HIMOX 250mg/ 5ml 30-50 mkd TID at lowest Chlorphenamine + DYNATUSSI WT X 0.2
GLOBAPEN 100mg/1ml dose Dexamethasone + N
BID at high Guiafenasin +
dose Paracetamol +
Phenylpropanolamine

Azithromycin PEDIAZITH 200mg/5ml 10mkd OD Cloxacillin RITE MED 125mg/5ml 25-50mkd QID
100mg/1ml Co-amoxiclav NATRAVOX 250mg/625mg/ <3mos: 30mkd BID
Brompheniramine PEDIATAP Wt x 0.2 TID (Amoxicillin + AUGMENTI 5ml >3mos: 20-
+ P Clavulanic Acid) N 625mg/tab 40mkd
phenylpropanolam ZEDITAPP 25-45mkd TID
ine BID
Bacillus clausii ERCEFLOR 1-2 plastic tube BID Diphenhydramine BENADRYL 12.5mg/5ml 5mkd Q6
A
Domperidone VOMETA 5mg/5ml Wt x 0.2
Betamethasone + TRIDERM BID for 2 5mg/1ml
Gentamycin weeks Ferrous sulfate + Folic Ferlin drops 15ml Premature: 2- OD-BID
+Clotrimazole
Acid + B complex Ferlin syrup 120ml 4mkd
Child: 3-6mkd OD-TID
Gentamycin + COMDIDER BID for 2
Bromhexin BISOLVON 2mg/ 1ml Wt x 0.2 Betamethasone + M weeks
4mg capsule Clotrimazole
Gentiane Radix SINUPRET Wt x 0.2
Cefaclor RITE MED 250mg/ 5ml 20-40mkd Q8
125mg/5 ml
50mg/1ml

Cefalexin CEFALIN 250mg/ 5ml 25-100mkd Q6

125mg/5ml
100mg/1ml

Cefixime TERGECEF 100mg/5ml Infant: 8mkd Q12

20mg/1ml
Acute UTI:
16mkd Q12 for 1st
day
8mkd
Q24 for 13
days

Ceftriaxone XTENDA 1gm + 10ml vial 1-5mos: 100- Q6

200mkd

>/=6mos-child: Q6
150-200mkd
Ibuprofen DOLAN 200mg/5ml 5-10mkd Q6
100mg/5ml
forte DRUGS EMPIRIC DOSE FREQUENCY PREPARATION
Leviteracetam KEPPRA 100mg/5ml 10-30mkd BID Amikacin IV / IM: 15-22.5 mkd Q8
500mg/tab Amoxicillin 30-50 mkd TID 50/1
Mupirocin FUSKINA TID for 7 40-80 mkd 100mg/ml - drops
Ointment days 40: for virgin PN cases 125/5
250/5 - suspension
Mupirocin + FUSKINA-B BID for 2 Ampicillin 100-200 mkd Q6 125/5
Betamethasone weeks 250/5
Monmtelukast MONTAIR 4mg 6mos-5yrs: OD Cefaclor 20-40 mkd BID-TID 125/5 187/5
5mg 4mg /Q8 250/5 375/5
10mg 6-14yrs: 5mg Cefalexin 25-100 mkd Q6 125/5
>14yrs: 10mg 250/5
Mometasonefuro ELICA OD Cefixime 6-8 mkd BID 100/5
ate 20/1
Ceftazidime IV: 90-150 Q8
Racecadotril HIDRASEC 10mg/sachet 1.5mkd TID Ceftriaxone IM/IV: 50-75 mkd BID
30mg/sachet Cefuroxime O: 20-40 BID/Q12 125/5
100mg/cap I: 75-150 Q8 (750mg/vial)
Racemic 2.25% 0.5ml via <4yrs: 0.05mkd Q1-2 250/5
Epinephrine nebulizer + 3ml NSS over Cetirizine <6y: 0.25 OD 2.5/ml
15 min PRN >6y: 5-10 5/5
Chloramphenicol O: 50-75 QID 125/5
>4yrs:
0.5ml/dose Clarithromycin O: 15 mkd BID 125/5
+3ml NSS over Q3-4 250/5
15 mins PRN Cotrimoxazole 6-8 BID 400/80/5
Rifampicin KIDZKIT 3 (1st 200mg/5ml 10mkd OD 200/40/5
Isoniazid + 2 mos) 200mg/5ml 10mkd Cloxacillin O: 50-100 QID 125/5
Pyrazinamide 250mg/5ml 15mkd IV:100-200 Q4/Q6
Rifampicin KIDZKIT2 200mg/5ml 10mkd Co-amoxiclav 30-50 mkd Q12 156.25/5
Isoniazid 200mg/5ml 10mkd 20-40 mkd BID 228/5ml
Salbutamol + PECOF WT X 0.2 25-40 mkd TID 312.5/5 – 250mg
Guiafenasin+ BID Amox
Bromhexin 457/5 – 400mg
Amox
Zinc Oxide + Calmoseptine TID for 3-
Calamine 5 days Diazepam IV: 0.04-0.2 Q2-4 1/1
PO: 0.12-0.8 mkd Q6-8 5/1
Zinc Sulfate E-Zinc 55mg/5ml
27.5mg/1ml Rectal: 0.5
Zinc Sulfate + PEDZINC <6mos: 10 Diphenhydramine 1mkd Stat 6.25/5
5 mkd Q6 12.5/5
Vitamin C elemental zinc
>6mos: 10 Diloxanide 20-40 mkd TID
elemental zinc Erythromycin 30-50 mkd Q6-8
Furosemide 1-2 mkd
Gentamicin 7.5 mkd Q8 10/1
IV: 5-8 40/1
Ibuprofen 5-10 Q6 100/5
200/5
INH (Isoniazid) 10-15 QID 50/5
Meropenem 60
Metronidazole 35-50 TID 125/5
STRICT 1. Throw cans or tires to avoid 15-20 Giardia
breeding grounds for mosquitoes Oxacillin 50-100 mkd Q6 250/5
DENGUE 2. Cover water containers
Paracetamol
IV: 100-200
10-20
Q4/Q6
Q4 100/1 -drops
3. Use insecticides to kill the vector
120/5
PRECAUTIONS 4. Use mosquito repellants and 250/5
mosquito nets Pen G Na 100,000-400,000 ukd Q4-6
STRICT 1. Avoid exposure to cold air, smoke, 300,000-400,000 ukd –
and pollens meningitic dose
ALLERGIC 2. Avoid hair sprays, gel, strong Piperacillin- <6y: 150-300 mkd IV
perfume, fabric softener, powders, tazobactam >6y: 300-400 mkd IV
cosmetic, and chalk dust PPA (Phenyl- 12 BID-TID 12.5/5
PRECAUTIONS propanolamine) 250/5
3. Wear warm clothing
Pyrazinamide 15
4. Use hypoalleregenic sheets and
Ranitidine O: 2-4
pillows
IV: 2-6
5. Do not use wool blankets and furry
Rifampicin 10-20
stuffed toys SMX-TMP 6-8 mkd BID 200/40/5
6. Keep child away from dogs, cats, Zinc 10: < 6 months old OD 55/5
hamsters, mice and other pets 20: > 6 months old
7. Wash curtains and shampoo rugs
8. Clean child’s room regularly
STRICT 1. Proper hand washing before eating
and after using the toilet
ENTERIC 2. Proper hand washing before
PRECAUTIONS handling and preparing food and
cleaning utensils used for
preparation and cooking of food
3. Boil drinking water for 15 minutes
or more
4. Cook food thoroughly
5. Wash all fruits and vegetables to be
eaten raw
6. Keep fingernails clean and short