Gas Turbine in Arabic

‫دورة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﺎدئ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
‫إﻋﺪاد‬
‫م‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﺰهﺎر‬

‫رﺣﻤﮫ ﷲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ إﺷﺮاف وﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬
‫م‪ .‬ﺻـﻼح ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺷـــــــﺮآـﺔ ﻣﺼــــــﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﺎﻧــــــــــــﺔ‬
‫إﺣﺪى ﺷﺮآﺎت ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬
‫‪Egyptian Maintenance Co.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬

‫اﻧﻄﻼﻗ ًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮل رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ) ﺧﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس أﻧﻔﻌﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ( وﻗﻮﻟﻪ أﻳﻀ ًﺎ ) إذا ﻣﺎت اﺑﻦ ﺁدم اﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث ‪ .......‬وﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ( و اﻧﻄﻼﻗ ًﺎ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮب اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﺒﺮة واﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ واﻷﺳﺲ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺠﻤﻊ ﻗﺪر ﺿﺌﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺘﺮﺟﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻵﺗﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ – ١‬ﻋﺮض اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻌًﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ واﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ واﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ واﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ أﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – ٥‬وﺟﻮد ﻓﺼﻞ آﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ‪ ٩٠٠‬ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ -٧‬إرﻓﺎق اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ واﻟﺮﺳﻮم واﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎآﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺸﺮح‬
‫‪ -٨‬وﺟﻮد ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎت واﻟﻤﺸﺎهﺪات واﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﻼل ﺳﻨﻮات اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮاءة هﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع أرﺟﻮ اﻵﺗﻲ ‪- :‬‬
‫‪ – ١‬إﺑﺪاء أﻳﺔ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت أو اﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎت ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ أﺧﺬهﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪.........‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬أن ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﷲ هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺿﻊ وأن ﻳﻨﻔﻊ اﷲ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس ‪........‬‬
‫‪ABDELAZIZ_ALZHAR@YAHOO.COM‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت واﻻﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ اﻵﺗﻲ‬
‫واﷲ وﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ‪،،،،،،،،،،‬‬
‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺰهﺎر‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮس‬
‫◊ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪.............................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟــﺒــــﺎب اﻷول‬
‫◊ ﻃﺮق ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪.......................................................................‬‬
‫◊ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪.....................................................‬‬
‫◊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪...................................................................‬‬
‫◊ ﻣﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪................................................................‬‬
‫◊ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪.....................................................‬‬
‫◊ أﺳﺲ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪............................................................‬‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ وﻣﻔﺎهﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫◊ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‪...........................................................................‬‬
‫◊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪......................................................................................‬‬
‫◊ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‪.............................................................................‬‬
‫◊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﻳﻞ – ﺷﺎرل‪.....................................................................‬‬
‫◊ اﻹﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻰ‪.....................................................................................‬‬
‫◊ اﻹﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻰ‪...................................................................................‬‬
‫◊ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‪.............................................‬‬
‫◊ اﻹﺟﺮاء اﻷدﻳﺒﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ‪.......................................................................‬‬
‫◊ أﺑﺴﻂ دورة ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ‪..............................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟـــﺒـــﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻰ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﺤﻮري‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‪..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫هﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‪..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‪........................................................................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫اﻟﺮﻳﺶ‪...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪.............................................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ وﻣﺸﺎآﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪....................................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪Combustion Chamber‬‬

‫‪..................................FUEL NOZZEL‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫*‬
‫‪..................................LINER‬‬ ‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫*‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ‪..................................TRANSITION PIECE‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪..................................SPARK PLUG‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻌﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬ ‫*‬
‫‪..............................FLAME DETECTOR‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬ ‫*‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ‪Turbine Section‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ ‪............................SINGLE SHAFT‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪............................DOUBLE SHAFT‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬ ‫*‬
‫‪............................BEARINGS‬‬ ‫آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫*‬
‫ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪........................ FIRST STSGE NOZZEL‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺻﻨﻮق اﻟﺘﺮوس ‪Gear Box‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ‪...............................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‪...................................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﺮهﺎ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس‪........................................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ ‪....................................................................COUPLING‬‬ ‫*‬
‫أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺼﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪....................................................‬‬ ‫‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺼﻨﺪوق ﺗﺮوس اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﺾ‪.......................................‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ‪GENERATOR‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪........................................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻮات ﻓﻚ وﺗﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‪...........................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات أﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫◊‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ )اﻟﻜﺮاﻧﻚ – اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪ -‬اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع(‪............................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫آﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ؟ )أﺳﺲ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ(‪..................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪....................................STARTING MEANS‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‬
‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫) ‪.........( LUBE OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬ ‫◊‬

‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻚ) ‪............( HYDRAULIC OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫) ‪...........(CONTROL OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫◊‬
‫) ‪...........( STARTING SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫◊‬
‫) ‪.........( GAS FUEL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫◊‬
‫) ‪.........( LIQUID FUEL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫◊‬
‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( هﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ واﻟﻌﺰل ‪…….COOLING AND SEALING AIR SYSTEM‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ) ‪........(FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫) ‪..........( VENTLATION SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة )ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫◊‬
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‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ )هﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻰ – آﻬﺮﺑﻰ – ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ -‬إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ(‪...........................‬‬ ‫◊‬

‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت داﺋﺮة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪.................................................SPEED GOVERNER‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ )‪...........................................( STARTUP CONTROL‬‬ ‫‬
‫)‪..........................................( SPEED CONTROL‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‬
‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )‪...........................................( TEMPRETURE CONTROL‬‬ ‫‬
‫) ‪...........................................( PROTECTION‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫‬
‫)‪................................. ( SEQUENCING‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫‬
‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫◊‬

‫‪.......OVER SPEED PROTECTION‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة‬ ‫‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪......OVER TEMRETURE PROTECTION‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪.........VIBRATION PROTECTION‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻهﺘﺰازات اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‬
‫‪.......FLAME DETECTION‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬ ‫‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪Maintenance‬‬
‫أهﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وأهﺪاﻓﻬﺎ‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪...................................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ إهﻤﺎل اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪...................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﻤﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪................COMBUSION INSPECTION‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫◊‬

‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ‪.................HOT GAS PATH INSPECTION‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫‪..................MAJOR INSPECTION‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮة اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫◊‬
‫‪.................BOROSCOPE INSPECTION‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺮﺋﻲ‬ ‫◊‬
‫‪....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺪوث ﺗﻮﻗﻒ آﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ‪...................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﻮارىء ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى‪............................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻷرﻗﺎم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ودﻻﻻﺗﻬﺎ‪......................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ )ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ – آﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ – أﺟﻬﺰة دﻗﻴﻘﺔ(‪.......................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس‪.............................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺪاوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪......................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﺸﺮ‬

‫* ﺻﻮر ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ‪.......................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫* ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﻴ ًﺎ وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ ﻣﻦ أآﺜﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ﻟﻬﺎ ‪ .‬وهﻲ ذات ﺳﻌﺎت وأﺣﺠﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ ١‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎوات إﻟﻰ ‪ ٢٥٠‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎوات أو أآﺜﺮ ‪ ،‬وهﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺎدة‬
‫أﺛﻨﺎء ذروة اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺨﺎرﻳﺔ أو ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ أن ﻓﺘﺮة إﻗﻼﻋﻬﺎ وإﻳﻘﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﺮاوح‬
‫ﺳﺘﺔ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ وﺧﻤﺲ ﻋﺸﺮة دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‪.‬‬
‫* وﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ دول اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻃﻮال اﻟﻴﻮم ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺬروة‪ .‬وﻧﺠﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻴﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻮاق وﺣﺪات ﻣﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻄﻮارئ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﺣﺠﺎم واﻟﻘﺪرات‪.‬‬
‫* ﺗﻤﺘﺎز هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺘﻬﺎ ورﺧﺺ ﺛﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ وﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ وهﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫آﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬آﻤﺎ ﺗﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ) اﻟﺒﺘﺮول اﻟﺨﺎم اﻟﻨﻘﻲ – اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ – اﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ وﻏﻴﺮهﺎ ‪ ( ...‬وﺗﻤﺘﺎز آﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻳﻘﺎف‪.‬‬
‫* وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ وأﻳﻀﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻠﻴﻬﺎ ودﺧﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﺧﻤﺲ ﻋﺸﺮة دﻗﻴﻘﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻈﺮًا ﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪ %٣٢- ٢١‬ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء آﻤﻴﺎت آﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎزات ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ‬
‫أوﻗﺎت اﻟﺬروة ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة آﻤﺎ أن ﻋﻤﺮهﺎ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ وﺗﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ آﻤﻴﺔ اآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫* وﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪورة ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺸﺊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‪،‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻨﺎ ﺳﻮف ﻧﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺑﺬآﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻣﻮدﻳﻞ ) ‪ ( GE 10‬وآﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮدﻳﻞ ) ‪ ( MS 3002 FR III‬ﻣﻦ اﻧﺘﺎج ﺷﺮآﺔ ﻧﻮﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﻴﻮﻧﻰ اﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫وﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺳﻮف ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬
‫واﷲ وﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪،،،،،،،،‬‬

‫‪Gas Turbines‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫ﻣـﻘـﺪﻣـﺔ‬
‫‪* Power Stations Which Work With Gas Turbines‬‬ ‫* ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴ ﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳ ﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜ ﺔ‬
‫‪Are Recently, And The Middle East Is The Highest‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﻴًﺎ وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ ﻣﻦ أآﺜ ﺮ اﻟﺒﻠ ﺪان اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ﻟﻬ ﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Nations Which Use These Types Of Power‬‬ ‫وه ﻲ ذات ﺳ ﻌﺎت وأﺣﺠ ﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ‪ ١‬ﻣﻴﺠ ﺎوات اﻟ ﻰ ‪٢٥٠‬‬
‫‪Stations. It Generates About (:250 ) MW. , And It‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎوات ‪ ،‬وهﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋ ﺎدة أﺛﻨ ﺎء ذروة اﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺒﻠ ﺪان اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬
‫‪Usually Uses During Maximum Load In The‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴ ﺪ ﺑﺨﺎرﻳ ﺔ أو ﻣﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤ ﺎ أن ﻓﺘ ﺮة إﻗﻼﻋﻬ ﺎ‬
‫‪Countries Which Use Steam Turbines, It Takes From‬‬
‫‪6 To 15 Minuets At Start Up Down And Shut Down.‬‬ ‫وإﻳﻘﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺳﺘﺔ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ وﺧﻤﺲ ﻋﺸﺮة دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪* In Most Middle East Countries, They Use Gas‬‬ ‫* وﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻌﻈ ﻢ دول اﻟﺸ ﺮق اﻷوﺳ ﻂ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴ ﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳ ﺔ‬
‫‪Turbines To Generate The Power All The Day,‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴ ﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻃ ﻮال اﻟﻴ ﻮم ﺑﻤ ﺎ ﻓﻴ ﻪ ﻓﺘ ﺮة اﻟ ﺬروة‪ .‬وﻧﺠ ﺪ اﻟﻴ ﻮم ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫‪Toadies We See Different Movable Units Of These‬‬
‫‪Generators For Emergency With Different Powers‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻮاق وﺣﺪات ﻣﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻄﻮارئ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ‬
‫‪And Volumes.‬‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺠﺎم واﻟﻘﺪرات‪.‬‬
‫‪* There Are Many Advantages For These Units Such‬‬ ‫* ﺗﻤﺘﺎز هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺘﻬﺎ ورﺧﺺ ﺛﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬ ﺎ‬
‫‪As; Simple, Price, Quick Installation, Easy‬‬ ‫وﺳ ﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺻ ﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ وه ﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘ ﺎج إﻟ ﻰ ﻣﻴ ﺎﻩ آﺜﻴ ﺮة ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ‪ .‬آﻤ ﺎ ﺗﻤﺘ ﺎز‬
‫‪Maintenance, Does Not Need Much Cooling Water, It‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ أﻧ ﻮاع اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد ) اﻟﺒﺘ ﺮول اﻟﺨ ﺎم اﻟﻨﻘ ﻲ –‬
‫‪Can Use Several Types Of Fuel (Petroleum, Natural‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐ ﺎز اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌ ﻲ – اﻟﻐ ﺎز اﻟﺜﻘﻴ ﻞ وﻏﻴﺮه ﺎ ‪ ( ...‬وﺗﻤﺘ ﺎز آ ﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫‪Gas, Heavy Gas …), And It Very Quick At Start Up‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻳﻘﺎف‪.‬‬
‫‪And Shut Down.‬‬
‫‪* It Can Be Installed In Few Months, And Rapidly‬‬ ‫* وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ وأﻳﻀ ﺎ‬
‫‪Of Operation And Loaded On The Grid ( 6 : 15‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺸ ﻐﻠﻴﻬﺎ ودﺧﻮﻟﻬ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺸ ﺒﻜﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﺘﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ﺧﻤ ﺲ ﻋﺸ ﺮة‬
‫‪Minuets ) , But Due To Its Lower Thermal‬‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻈﺮًا ﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺗﺼ ﻞ اﻟ ﻰ ‪٢١‬‬
‫‪Efficiency ( 21 : 33 )% Because It Discharges‬‬ ‫‪ %٣٢-‬ﺣﻴ ﺚ أﻧﻬ ﺎ ﺗﻄﻠ ﻖ ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء آﻤﻴ ﺎت آﺒﻴ ﺮة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻐ ﺎزات‬
‫‪Much Amount Of Hot Gases To Atmosphere‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓ ﻼ ﻳﺴ ﺘﻔﺎد ﻣ ﻦ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳ ﺔ وﻟ ﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Without Any Benefits From This Power , So It‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ أوﻗﺎت اﻟﺬروة ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺸ ﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴ ﺮة آﻤ ﺎ‬
‫‪Used A Stand By With The Bigger Grids ( Networks‬‬ ‫أن ﻋﻤﺮه ﺎ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﻲ ﻗﺼ ﻴﺮ ﻧﺴ ﺒﻴﺎ وﺗﺴ ﺘﻬﻠﻚ آﻤﻴ ﺔ اآﺒ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬
‫‪) , And Its Age Is Approximately Short , And It‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Consumes More Fuel Than The Steam Turbines.‬‬
‫* وﻓ ﻰ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟ ﺪورة ﺳ ﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﻟﻌﺪﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨﻘ ﺎط اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺗﺘﻌﻠ ﻖ ﺑﻬ ﺬا‬
‫‪* In This Course We Will Discuss Some Points In‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺸﺊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺼ ﻴﻞ‪،‬ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻌﻠ ﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻨ ﺎ ﺳ ﻮف ﻧﻘ ﻮم ﺑ ﺬآﺮ ﺑﻌ ﺾ‬
‫‪Details , And We Will Take Some Examples For‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺜﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت ذات اﻟﻌﻤ ﻮد اﻟﻮاﺣ ﺪ ﻣﻮدﻳ ﻞ ) ‪ ( GE 10‬وآ ﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Turbines Single Shaft (Nuovo Pignone GE 10 ),‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ ﻣﻮدﻳ ﻞ ) ‪MS 3002 FR‬‬
‫‪And For Turbine Double Shaft ( NuovoPignone‬‬ ‫‪ ( III‬ﻣﻦ اﻧﺘﺎج ﺷﺮآﺔ ﻧﻮﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﻴﻮﻧﻰ اﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Frame III ). From Italy‬‬
‫وﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺳﻮف ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬
‫‪* but we will start talking about methods of electrical‬‬
‫‪generation.‬‬

‫اﻟـــﺒـــﺎب اﻷول‬
‫‪First Chapter‬‬

‫‪INDEX‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس‬
‫•‬ ‫……… ‪INTRODUCTION‬‬ ‫◊ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪..........................‬‬
‫‪FIRST CHAPTER‬‬ ‫اﻟـــﺒـــﺎب اﻷول‬
‫‪# Methods of electric generation……….‬‬ ‫◊ ﻃﺮق ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪..........................‬‬
‫…‪# Gas turbine power plant components‬‬ ‫◊ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪.........‬‬
‫‪# Types of gas turbines………………….‬‬

‫◊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪.......................‬‬
‫…‪# Gas turbine advantages……………..‬‬

‫◊ ﻣﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪....................‬‬
‫‪# Gas turbine heat cycle………………….‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪.........‬‬
‫‪# Concepts of gas turbines operation……..‬‬ ‫* أﺳﺲ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪...............‬‬

Egyptian Maintenance Co.
Methods Of Power Generation ‫ﻃﺮق ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬

Power Can Be Generated By Several Methods: - : ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﺑﻄﺮق ﻋﺪة‬
1 – Nuclear power station ‫ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ‬-١
2 – steam turbines power station ‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺒﺨﺎرﻳﺔ‬-٢
3 – Gas turbines power station ‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬-٣
4 – diesel engines power station ‫ ﻣﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺪﻳﺰل‬-٤
5 – Win power station ‫ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬-٥
6 – sun power station ‫ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬-٦
7 – Hydraulic power station. .‫ اﻧﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺪود واﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬-٧
Components Of Gas Turbines ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬

* Main components of gas turbine power ‫إن اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
stations are the following: : ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ هﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
A - The Air Compressor The Air Compressor ‫أ ( ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬

It Takes The Atmospheric Air And
‫وهﻮ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ وﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺿﻐﻄﻪ إﻟﻰ‬
Compresses It To Tenths Pressures . ‫ﻋﺸﺮات اﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬
B - The Combustion Chamber
The Combustion Chamber‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ب( ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
* In This Combustion Chamber Both Air Which
Comes From Compressor And Fuel Are Mixed, ‫وﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ ﻳﺨ ﺘﻠﻂ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀ ﻐﻮط اﻵﺗ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﺿ ﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء ﻣ ﻊ‬
And Then Burnet Together By Special Means Of ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد وﻳﺤﺘﺮﻗﺎن ﻣﻌًﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ وﺳ ﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل وﺗﻜ ﻮن‬
Ignition, And The Hot Gases Which Discharged
From Combustion Camber Has High Pressures ‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
And High Temperatures . ‫وﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬
C - The Turbine The Turbine ‫ج ( اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* It Is An Axial Wheel Connected With The ‫* وه ﻲ ﻋﺒ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻣﺤﻮره ﺎ أﻓﻘ ﻲ ﻣﺮﺑ ﻮط ﻣ ﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻊ‬
Compressor From One Side And Connected With The
Generator From The Other Side Through Reduction ‫ﻣﺤﻮر ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة و ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ وﻟﻜ ﻦ‬
Gear Box To Reduce The Speed .Because The ‫ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ ﺻ ﻨﺪوق ﺗ ﺮوس ﻟﺘﺨﻔ ﻴﺾ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ ﻷن ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ دوران‬
Turbine Speed Is Very High And It Does Not
Proportion With The Generator Speed, Hot Gases ، ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪًا ﻻ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
Inter To Turbine Buckets, Then It Go To (Flows) To ‫ﻳﻨ ﺔ ﻓﺘﺼ ﻄﺪم‬.‫ﺗ ﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻐ ﺎزات اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺮاق ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺘ ﺮب‬
Low Pressure Side (The Diameter Of The Turbine
Increases From This Side) To The Atmosphere ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺸﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮة اﻟﻌﺪد ﺛﻢ ﺗﺘﺪﻓﻖ إﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ) ﻳﺘﺴﻊ‬
Through A Stack .‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ( إﻟﻰ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺪﺧﻨﺔ‬
٠ .‫إﻋﺪاد م‬
‫‪D – Generator‬‬
‫د ( اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪Generator‬‬
‫‪* Generator Is Connected With The Turbine‬‬
‫‪Through Gear Box To Reduce The Speed , In‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺘﺼ ﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﺘ ﻮرﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ‬
‫( ‪Some New Turbines The Turbines Is Divided‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﻨﺪوق ﺗ ﺮوس ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴ ﻒ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ آﻤ ﺎ ذآﺮﻧ ﺎ وﻓ ﻲ‬
‫‪Splited) To Two Turbines, One For High‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌ ﺾ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜ ﺔ ﺗﻘﺴ ﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ﺗ ﺮﺑﻴﻨﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫‪Pressure And High Speed And It Is Connected‬‬ ‫واﺣ ﺪة ﻟﻠﻀ ﻐﻂ واﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺘﺼ ﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮة ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫‪With The Air Compressor , And The Other For‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻘ ﺪرة ﻣﺘﺼ ﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Low Pressure And Its Called Power Turbine And‬‬
‫‪It Is Connected With Electric Generator Directly.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪E - Auxiliaries‬‬ ‫هـ ( اﻵﻻت واﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ‪Auxiliaries‬‬

‫‪Gas Turbine Power Stations Need Many‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫‪Auxiliaries Such As :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻵﻻت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – Air Filters Before Inter To The Compressor.‬‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﻓﻼﺗﺮ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻗﺒﻞ دﺧﻮﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء ‪.‬‬
‫‪2- Primary Starting Means Such As Diesel‬‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻷوﻟﻲ وهﻮ إﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺮك دﻳﺰل أو‬
‫‪Engine Or Electric Motor……….‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪. ......‬‬
‫‪3 – Ignition Means‬‬ ‫‪ .٣‬وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل ‪. .‬‬
‫‪4 – Pressures And Temperatures Measuring‬‬ ‫‪ .٤‬ﻣﻌﺪات ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Devices.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪5 – Electrical Measurements.‬‬ ‫‪ .٥‬ﻣﻌﺪات اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪……………………………………….‬‬
‫‪Types Of Gas Turbines‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
‫‪GAS TURBINES DIVIDED ITO‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺪﻩ أﻧﻮاع‪:‬‬
‫أو ًﻻ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫‪FIRST: For Load Type‬‬
‫‪1 – Mechanical Load (Compressor –Pump).‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ) ﺿﺎﻏﻂ – ﻣﻀﺨﺔ…‪( ..‬‬
‫‪2 – Electrical Load (Generator).‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﺣﻤﻞ آﻬﺮﺑﻲ )ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪SECONDARY: For Fuel Type‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫‪1 – Gas fuel‬‬ ‫‪2 – Liquid fuel‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬وﻗﻮد ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫‪ – ١‬ﻏﺎز‬

‫‪3 – Duel fuel‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬وﻗﻮد ﻣﺰدوج‬

THIRDLY: NUMBER OF SHAFTS ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺪد اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ‬
1 – Single Shaft (Turbine And Compressor ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت ذات ﻋﻤ ﻮد واﺣ ﺪ ) اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ‬- ١
And Load On The Same Shaft) (‫واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ واﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
2 – Double Shafts (High Pressure Turbine And ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت ذات ﻋﻤ ﻮدﻳﻦ )اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬- ٢
Compressor On A Shaft, And The Low ‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ذات‬، ‫ذات اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ اﻟﻌ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻋﻤ ﻮد‬
Pressure Turbine And The Load On A .(‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ واﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺁﺧﺮ‬
Different Shaft).
Fourthly: For Combustion System ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬:‫راﺑﻌ ًﺎ‬
1 – Constant Volume Turbines (Combustion ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت ذات ﺣﺠ ﻢ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ) إﺟ ﺮاء اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ ﻳ ﺘﻢ‬- ١
.( ‫ﺑﺜﺒﻮت اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
Process At Constant Volume)
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت ذات ﺿ ﻐﻂ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ) إﺟ ﺮاء اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ ﻳ ﺘﻢ‬- ٢
2 – Constant Pressure Turbines (Combustion .( ‫ﺑﺜﺒﻮت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
Process At Constant Pressure)
Advantages Of Gas Turbines: ‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
1 - It does not need water source for operation. ‫ﻋﺪم اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ -١
2 - It is possible to use either liquid or gaseous ‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد اﻟﺴ ﺎﺋﻞ أو اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬ -٢
fuel or their mixture for gas turbine operation. ‫اﻟﻐﺎزي أو ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
3 -Operation and loading of the unit takes short
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ وﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ وﻗﺖ ﻗﺼ ﻴﺮ ﺟ ﺪًا‬ -٣
( ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬١٥ ‫ إﻟﻰ‬١٠ ‫ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ )ﻣﻦ‬
time not exceeding few minutes.( 10 : 15) MIN.
4 - Supply and installation of a gas turbine can be
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ وﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ وﻗﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ -٤
done in short time
5 - It is possible to use exhaust gases in heating
‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺎدم اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ ﻓ ﻰ‬ -٥
processes or to help in operation of steam ‫أﻏﺮاض أﺧﺮى‬
turbine in combined systems.
6 - It can be installed in deserts and remote ‫ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬ ﺎ ﻓ ﻰ أﻣ ﺎآﻦ ﺻ ﺤﺮاوﻳﻪ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻻ‬ -٦
areas, as it does not need water for cooling. ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
7 -It needs few operators and can be remote- ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ -٧
operated.
Constant Volume Gas Turbines: ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
The only effect due to heat addition in the

‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة درﺟﻪ اﻟﺤﺮارة داﺧﻞ ﻏﺮﻓﻪ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
combustion chamber is to increase the pressure only.
‫هﻮ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
In The Constant Volume Gas Turbine, Usually

‫وﻋﺎدﻩ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ‬
Multi-Combustion Chambers Are Used.
‫ﻏﺮف اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬
The Most Important Disadvantage Of This Type

‫وﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻮب هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺠﻮدة‬
Of Turbines Is The Reduced Of Thermal
‫اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﺑﺼﻮرﻩ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﺗﻀﺎؤل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
Capability That Is Why It Is Not Widely Used.
‫هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬
Constant Pressure Gas Turbines: ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
* In This Type The Air Is Compressed ‫ﻓﻰ ه ﺬا اﻟﻨ ﻮع ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺿ ﻐﻂ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺿ ﺎﻏﻂ إﻟ ﻰ‬
Through The Compressor To The Combustion
‫ﻏﺮﻓ ﺔ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺮاق ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﺤﺘ ﺮق ﺗﺤ ﺖ ﺿ ﻐﻂ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻣﻤ ﺎ‬
Chamber Where Burn At Constant Pressure, So
The Air Volume Increases And Its ‫ﻳ ﺆدى إﻟ ﻰ زﻳ ﺎدة ﺣﺠ ﻢ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء و زﻳ ﺎدة درﺟ ﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗ ﻪ ﺛ ﻢ‬
Temperature Increases, Then The Hot Gases ‫ﺗﻤﺮ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﺘﻤ ﺪد وﻳ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
Go To The Turbine And Expands And Its
‫ﺿ ﻐﻄﻬﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﻣﺴ ﺘﻮى اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ اﻟﺠ ﻮى ﻓﺘﺘﺤ ﻮل ﻃﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
Pressure Decreases To Atmospheric Pressure,
Then The Pressure Energy Changes To ) ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ إﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﻪ ﺣﺮآﺔ دوراﻧﻴ ﺔ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻹدارة اﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ‬
Mechanical Energy To Turn The Load ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ أو آﻬﺮﺑ ﻲ ( وﻣﻌﻈ ﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜ ﺔ‬
(Mechanical Or Electrical), And The Most
. ‫ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬
New Turbines Is From This Type.
‫اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

Gas Turbine Heat Cycle:
The constant-pressure gas turbine follows ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ذات اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ دورﻩ ﺑﺮاﻳﺘﻮن‬
Brayton cycle called constant pressure cycle,
‫وهﻰ اﻟﺪورة ذات اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻈﺮًا ﻻﺣﺘﺮاق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
as the combustion of the fuel-air mixture
takes place at constant pressure. The only ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺣﻴﺚ أن اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
effect due to heat addition in the combustion
‫ﻓﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق هﻮ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
chamber is to increase the air volume only.
* The Following Diagram Shows The Heat ‫وﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات‬
Cycle Curve For Simple Cycle For Single Shaft .( ‫ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ ) دورة ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
1 - Air Of Volume (1-5) Enters At ‫ ﻳ ﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ ﺑﻀ ﻐﻂ ﻳﺴ ﺎوى اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ‬-١
Atmospheric Pressure At Point (1). Air Is ‫ ( ﺛ ﻢ‬٥-١ ) ‫ وﺑﺤﺠ ﻢ ﻣﻘ ﺪارﻩ‬١ ‫اﻟﺠ ﻮى ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ‬
Compressed To Point (2) Where Its Pressure
‫ ﻓﻴﺮﺗﻔ ﻊ ﺿ ﻐﻄﻪ وﻳﻘ ﻞ ﺣﺠﻤ ﻪ‬٢ ‫ﻳﻀ ﻐﻂ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ‬
Is Increased And Its Volume Becomes (2-6).
( ٦ -٢ ) ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺼﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
2 - At This Point Air Enters The Combustion ‫ ﻳ ﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء إﻟ ﻰ ﻏﺮﻓ ﻪ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺮاق ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﺮﺗﻔ ﻊ‬- 2
Chamber And Its Temperature Increases Due
‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد ﻣﻤ ﺎ ﻳ ﺆدى إﻟ ﻰ‬
To Burning Of The Fuel Injected. Therefore,
The Volume Increases From Point (2) To ‫ وﻻ‬٣ ‫ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ‬٢ ‫زﻳ ﺎدة ﺣﺠ ﻢ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ‬
Point (3) Without No Pressure Increase. ‫ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أى ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
3 - Gases Pass And Expand Through The -٣) ‫ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻐ ﺎزات ﻣﺴ ﺎرهﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﺘﻤ ﺪد‬-٣
Turbine. The Gas Pressure Decreases And Its
‫( وﻳ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬٥-٤) ‫( إﻟ ﻰ‬٦-٣) ‫( وﻳﺰداد ﺣﺠﻤﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ‬٤
Volume Increases, Which Is Represented By
curve (3-4). The Gas Volume Increases From ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻀ ﻐﻂ‬٤ ‫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ‬٣ ‫ﺿﻐﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
(3-6) to (4-5) And The Pressure Decreases
‫اﻟﺠ ﻮى و أﺧﻴ ﺮًا ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺧ ﺮوج ﻏ ﺎزات اﻟﻌ ﺎدم ﺗ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
From Point (3) To Point (4). The Exhaust
Gases Leave The Turbine At Point (4). ١ -٤ ‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻬﺎ وﻳﻘﻞ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫‪Working Principles Of Gas Turbines‬‬ ‫أﺳﺲ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
‫‪* Gas Turbines Is One Of Heat Engines Which‬‬ ‫* ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮاﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪Work According To Thermo Dynamic Cycle‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘًﺎ ﻟﺪورة دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ ذات ﺿﻐﻂ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫‪With Constant Pressure, And The Air Is Used As‬‬
‫‪Working Medium In Most Applications Where It‬‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻮاء آﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫‪Is Compressed And Heated, Then It Expands.‬‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء وﻳﺴﺨﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
‫‪* From Thermodynamic Theory We Can Show‬‬ ‫* وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ إﺛﺒﺎت أن اﻟﺸﻐﻞ‬
‫‪That The Work Which Taken From Air Or Gave‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬى ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء أو ﻳﺒﺬل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫‪To Air At High Temperatures Is Higher Than Of‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪It At Low Temperatures.‬‬
‫* وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ آﻤﻴﺔ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬

‫‪* So We Can Obtain A Higher Amount Of Work‬‬
‫‪From Turbine During Expanding Sequence Than‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻓﻰ دورﺗﻬﺎ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺒﺬل ﺧﻼل‬
‫‪During‬‬ ‫‪Compression‬‬ ‫‪Sequence,‬‬ ‫‪And‬‬ ‫‪This‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻹﻧﻀﻐﺎط وﻳﻜﻮن هﺬا اﻟﻔﺮق آﺎﻓﻴًﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎدر‬
‫‪Difference Is Enough To Override Losses Sources,‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ آﻤﻴﺔ آﺒﻴﺮة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫‪And Another Amount Can Be Used As A Power‬‬
‫‪For Other Aims.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺪرة ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻸﻏﺮاض اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪* There Are Many References Explain The‬‬ ‫* وهﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺸﺮح اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Thermo Dynamics In Details, But This Is Out Of‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ هﺬ ﻩ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫‪This Training Course,‬‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎق هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻟﻬﺬا ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻟﻦ ﻧﻨﺎﻗﺸﻬﺎ هﻨﺎ‬
‫‪So‬‬ ‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪Will‬‬ ‫‪Explain‬‬ ‫‪Some‬‬ ‫‪Principles‬‬ ‫‪Of‬‬

‫وﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺳﻨﻌﺮض هﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Thermodynamics Which Used In Gas Turbine‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪Field.‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪Chapter 2‬‬

‫‪CHAPTER 2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪Principles Of‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدىء وﻣﻔﺎهﻴﻢ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫‪Thermodynamic‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪HEAT …………………….‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﺤﺮارة‪.........................................‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪ENERGY ………………...‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪.......................................‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪WORK ………………....‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ‪..........................................‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫…‪SPECIFIC HEAT ….….‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪.............................‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪HEAT CYCLE …………..‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‪..............................‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪PRESSURE …………….‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪........................................‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫…‪TEMPERATURE …..‬‬ ‫◊ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‪..............................‬‬
‫◊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﻳﻞ – ﺷﺎرل‪........................‬‬

‫۩‬ ‫‪BOIL – CHARL LOWS …….‬‬
‫◊ اﻹﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻰ‪.........................................‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪ENTHALPY ……………….‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪ENTROPY ………..……….‬‬ ‫◊ اﻹﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻰ‪.......................................‬‬
‫‪۩ FIRST LOW OF THERMODYNAMIC….‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‪.....‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪ADIABATIC PROCESS …….‬‬ ‫◊ اﻹﺟﺮاء اﻷدﻳﺒﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ‪.........................‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪SIMPLEST HEAT CYCLE ….‬‬ ‫◊ أﺑﺴﻂ دورة ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ‪......................‬‬

Thermodynamic ( ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ) اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ‬

* It Is The Science Which Search About Changing ‫هﻮ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬى ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺻﻮرة‬
The Heat (Thermal) Energy To Energy To Obtain
. ‫أﺧﺮى ﺑﻐﺮض اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أآﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ‬
A Large Amount Of Work.
Heat: ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
* It Is The Energy Transferred Through System
‫هﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻨﻈﺎم آﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻔﺮق درﺟﺎت‬
Boundary As A Result Of Temperatures Difference
Between The System And The Surrounding, And It ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ وهﻰ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم‬
Transfers From Hot Body To Cold Body. .‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺒﺎردة‬
Energy ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
* It Is The Capability Which Found Inside The
System To Give Effort. .‫هﻰ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ) اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ( ﻷداء ﺷﻐﻞ‬
Work ‫اﻟﺸﻐﻞ‬
* It Is The Energy Or Heat Which Go Out ( Pass
Through ) The System As A Result Of Any Other ‫هﻮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﺘﺮق ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻷي ﻗﻮى أﺧﺮى‬
Forces Except For Temperature Differences , And ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﺮق درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺤﻠﻞ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ داﺋﻤًﺎ إﻟﻰ‬
We Can Analyze The Work As An Action Reward .‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻘﻮة ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﺧﻼل ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
For A Force Moves Through A Distance .
Specific Heat ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬

* The Specific Heat Of A Substance Is The ‫هﻰ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﺒﺎدﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺸﻐﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬
Heat Required To Raise A Unit Mass Of | The ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة وﺣﺪة اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬
Substance By 1° . ‫اﻟﺸﻐﺎﻟﺔ درﺟﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
Heat Cycle: ‫اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬

* We Say That A Mass Of Gas Follows A Heat ‫ﻳﻘﺎل أن آﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎز ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮت ﺑﺪورة ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ إذا ﺧﻀﻌﺖ‬
Cycle When It Passes Through More Processes
Such As Change Volume, Pressure And ‫ﻷآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ إﺟﺮاء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
Temperature And At The End It Returned To .‫وﻋﺎدت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ‬
Its Primary State.
* The Following Equation Is Used In -:‫واﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
Thermodynamic:
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2 P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
Where :
: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
P = PRESSURE, V = VOLUME, ‫= درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎرة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬T ،‫= اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬V ،‫ = اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ‬P
T = TEMPERATURE, K = CP / CV ‫ هﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺮارات اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬K
Pressure: ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
* There Are Three Types Of Pressures: -: ‫ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط هﻲ‬٣ ‫هﻨﺎك‬
1 - Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي‬
* It is the air pressure above sea level, and it ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬1.02 bar ‫هﻮ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ وﻳﺴﺎوي‬
equal (1.02 bar),(= 14.7 psi ).
.‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي‬14.7 PSi = ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
2 - Gauge Pressure Gauge Pressure ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻘﺎس‬

* It is the pressure of any area of air relative to . ‫هﻮ ﺿﻐﻂ أي ﺣﻴﺰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑًﺎ إﻟﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي‬
atmospheric pressure.
3 - Absolute Pressure: Absolute Pressure ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ‬
* It Is The Pressure Of Any Area Of Air Relative
To Vacuum Pressure Of Air , And This Pressure ‫هﻮ ﺿﻐﻂ أي ﺣﻴﺰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑًﺎ إﻟﻲ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻔﺮاغ أي اﻟﺤﻴﺰ‬
= Zero Bar . PSi ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮغ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء وهﺬا اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻳﺴﺎوي ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎر أو ﺻﻔﺮ‬
Absolute Pressure = ‫ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي‬+ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ = اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻘﺎس‬
Gauge Pressure +Atmospheric Pressure
…………………………………….. ...................................................................
Temperature Temperature ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
Ambient Temperature: Ambient Temp. ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ‬
* It Is The Temperature Of The Surrounding ‫ﻩي درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻵﻻت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
Which The Machines Work, And It Measured
By Kelvin Or Fahrenheit Or Celsius, ‫ واﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ آﺎﻷﺗﻲ‬F ‫ أو‬ko ‫ أو‬co ‫وﺗﻘﺎس إﻣﺎ ﺑـ‬
The Relation Between Them Is : ‫ = ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﻴﺖ‬F ، ‫ = ﺳﻠﺰﻳﻮس‬C ، ‫ = آﻠﻔﻦ‬K ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
Ko = 273 + 1 co Ko = 273 + 1 co
F = 32 + 1.8 co F = 32 + 1.8 Co
Absolute Temperature : Absolute Temp. ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬
* It Is The Temperature Of Bodies Relative To ‫هﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﺔ إﻟﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ‬
Absolute Zero Which Equal 0 K0 Or = 273 Co .
273 c ‫ أو‬0 ko ‫واﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
Boyle's law: ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻮﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﻐﺎزات‬

* At Constant Temperature, The Volume Of An Ideal ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻜﺴﻴًﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺛﺒﻮت درﺟﺔ‬
Gas Is Inversely Proportional To The Pressure.
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
1 1
V α V α
p p
Therefore:
PV = Constant, P V = Constant
Where: V = Volume and P = Pressure Where:V = Volume and P = Pressure
……………………………………………….. ………………………………………………..
Charles' Law ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺷﺎرل ﻟﻠﻐﺎزات‬

‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻋﻜﺴﻴًﺎ ﻣﻊ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺛﺒﻮت‬
At Constant Pressure, The Volume Of An Ideal
Gas Is Proportional Absolute Temperature. V / T = Constant. ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
V α T V α T
……………………………………………….. ………………………………………………..
ENTHALPY: ‫اﻹﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻰ‬
* It Is The Heat Contain Of Substance, Or It Is ‫ه ﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺘ ﻮى اﻟﺤ ﺮاري ﻟﻠﻤ ﺎدة أوه ﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧ ﺔ‬
The Storage Energy ( Heat ) As A Result Of ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠ ﺔ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ ودرﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻟﻠﻤ ﺎدة ﻓ ﻰ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻳﺎن‬
Pressure And Temperature Of Material At Flow
State, And It Is A Characteristic For The ‫وهﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤ ﺎدة‬
Substance Equal To Summation Of Both Internal
Energy Plus Pressure Energy. .‫وﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
H = U + PV H = U+PV
……………………………………………….. ………………………………………………..
‫اﻹﺟﺮاء اﻷدﻳﺒﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ‬
Adiabatic Process:
‫ه ﻮ اﻹﺟ ﺮاء اﻟ ﺬي ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﻣﻌ ﺰول ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ًﺎ أى ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ اﻧﺘﻘ ﺎل ﺣ ﺮارة‬
* This Occurs When No Heat Is Added Or ،‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ‬
Removed During Compression.
:‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
(PV)K = CONSTANT (PV)K = CONSTANT
‫‪First Low Of Thermo Dynamic‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻷول ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫)‪(Conservation Of Energy‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫‪* Energy Cannot Be Created Nor‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻨ ﻰ وﻻ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺤﺪث ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻌ ﺪم ﺑ ﻞ إﻧﻬ ﺎ ﻗ ﺪ ﺗﺘﺨ ﺬ‬
‫‪Destroyed During A Process, Although It‬‬
‫ﺻﻮرًا ﺷﺘﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎء ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪May Change From One Form To Another.‬‬
‫‪* The Laboratory Experimental Says That There Is‬‬ ‫* وﻗﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﺖ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ أن هﻨﺎك ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ واﻟﺤﺮارة ‪:‬‬
‫‪A Relation Between Work And Heat, Where The‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀ ﺎف إﻟ ﻰ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ﻗ ﺪ ﺗﻐﺎدره ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺻ ﻮرة ﺷ ﻐﻞ‬
‫‪Heat Added To A System Can Leave It As A‬‬
‫آﻤ ﺎ أن اﻟﺸ ﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻀ ﺎف إﻟ ﻰ أي ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ﻗ ﺪ ﻳﻐﺎدره ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ هﻴﺌ ﺔ‬
‫‪Work , Also, The Work Added To Any System‬‬
‫ﺣﺮارة وهﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ أدت إﻟﻰ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪_:‬‬
‫‪Can Leave It As A Heat ,‬‬
‫‪This Means That:‬‬ ‫هﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻰ أن ‪-:‬‬
‫‪Heat and work are two types of energy‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤ ﺮارة واﻟﺸ ﻐﻞ ﺻ ﻮرﺗﺎن ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻮر اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ‬
‫‪which can convert any of them to the other.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫‪* This Means That The Storage Energy Is Not‬‬ ‫ﻼ‬

‫‪ -‬واﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮم أن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺷ ﻐ ً‬
‫‪Work Or Heat, But It Is Known That Internal‬‬
‫‪Energy ( Summation Of Kinetic Energy And‬‬ ‫وﻟﻠﺤ ﺮارة وﻟﻜﻨﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﺎ ﻳﻄﻠ ﻖ ﻋﻠﻴ ﻪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ وه ﻰ‬
‫‪Latent Heat For Substance Particles.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫‪* In All Experiments They Insured That If There‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ آﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب أﻧﺔ إذا ﺣﺪﺛﺖ دورة آﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓ ﺈن‬
‫‪Is A Complete Cycle , The Net Work Is‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺆدﻳﻪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ﺎ ﻳﺤ ﻴﻂ‬
‫‪Proportional With Heat Added To The Cycle.‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫‪APPLICATION THE FIRST LOW‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻷول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪_:‬‬
‫‪ON OPEN CYCLE:‬‬
‫‪* THE EQUATION OF ANY OPEN OR‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻷي ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ أو ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ آﺎﻵﺗﻲ‪_:‬‬
‫‪CLOSE SYSTEM IS :‬‬
‫= ‪TOTAL HEAT ADDED TO SYSTEM‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ =‬

‫‪NET INCREASE IN STORAGE HEAT IN‬‬
‫‪THE SYSTEM‬‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧﺔ ﻓﻰاﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫‪* Energy Can Be Added Or Removed Through‬‬ ‫* واﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ أن ﺗﻀ ﺎف أو ﺗ ﺰال ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة‬
‫‪Heat And Work.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻐﻞ‬
‫‪* In Open Cycle ( System ) , When We Input‬‬ ‫* وﻟﻮﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ آﺘﻠ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪A Mass To The System , We Observe That‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧ ﺔ ﺗ ﺰداد ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ‬
‫‪The Energy Storied Increases By A Value‬‬
‫‪Equal To The Value Of Energy Storied For‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧ ﺔ ﻟﻬ ﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺘﻠ ﺔ وإذا ﻏ ﺎدرت اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ آﺘﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎ ﻓ ﺈن‬
‫‪This Mass , And When A Mass Leaves The‬‬
‫‪System , We Observe That The Energy Storied‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ ﺗﻘ ﻞ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧ ﺔ‬
‫‪Decreases By A Value Equal To The Value Of‬‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Energy Storied For This Mass.‬‬
‫‪* ENERGY EQUATION CAN BE AS‬‬ ‫* وﺑ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺻ ﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ‬
‫‪THE FOLLOWING‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ آﺎﻵﺗﻲ‪_:‬‬
‫‪Net Energy Added To The System As‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻ ﻮرة‬
‫‪A Work Or Heat + Storied Energy‬‬
‫ﺣﺮارة أو ﺷﻐﻞ ‪ +‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬
‫‪Of Inlet Mass To The System -‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ‪ -‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻠ ﺔ‬
‫‪Storied Energy Of Out Put Mass‬‬
‫‪From The System‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪The Net‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﻐ ﺎدر اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ = اﻟﺰﻳ ﺎدة اﻟﺼ ﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫‪Increase Of Storied Energy‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬

* Work In The Previous Equation Is ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺴ ﻢ اﻟﺸ ﻐﻞ ﻓ ﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ‬
Divided Into Two Parts : :‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﻦ هﻤﺎ‬
1 – the first part is the work necessary to push -: ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺸﻐﻞ‬
the fluid into the system or output it , and it
called ( stream work = p v ) . ‫ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻊ إﻟﻰ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ أو ﺧﺎرﺟﻬ ﺎ‬-
PV = ‫وﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺷﻐﻞ اﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎب‬
2 – the second part is the change in internal

-: ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺸﻐﻞ‬
energy which depend on changes in ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟ ﺬي ﻳﻌﺘﻤ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﺮات ﻓ ﻰ درﺟ ﺔ‬
temperature. -٠:‫اﻟﺤﺮارة أي أن‬
∆U = U 2 − U1 = Cv(T 2 − T 1) ∆U = U 2 − U1 = Cv(T 2 − T 1)
......................................................................... .........................................................................
Enthalpy : -:‫اﻻﻧﺜﺎﻟﺒﻰ‬
* it is the summation of internal energy and H = U + PV ‫هﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ وﺷﻐﻞ اﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎب‬
stream work.
......................................................................... .................................................................................
Second Low Of Therme Dynamic ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬

* The First Meaning ;
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻮق اﻷول ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
* If there is a group in a heat cycle , to produce ‫ ﻳﻠ ﺰم اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎ ﺗﻤ ﺮ ﺑ ﺪورة ﺣﺮارﻳ ﺔ ﻹﻧﺘ ﺎج أو إﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ ﺷ ﻐﻞ‬-
or add mechanical work and heat transfer , it ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ وﺗﺒﺎدل ﺣﺮارة أن ﻳﻜﻮن هﻨﺎك ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﺎن ﻟﺪرﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة‬
must there are two levels of temperatures. T2,T1
* The Second Meaning ; ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻮق اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬

* Heat can't transfer from cold body to hot
bBody without external help. ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ أن ﺗﺴ ﺮى اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻣ ﻦ ﺟﺴ ﻢ ﺑ ﺎرد إﻟ ﻰ ﺟﺴ ﻢ ﺳ ﺎﺧﻦ ﺑ ﺪون‬
.‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
From Results Of This Low We Can Conclude ‫ وﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ هﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬-
e Entropy Characteristic
‫ وآﺎﻧﺖ آﻤﻴﺔ‬Reversible ‫ﻓﺈن ﺗﻐﻴﺮت ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮب اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻲ‬
# In thermodynamics a measure of the ‫( ﻋﻨ ﺪ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮ‬dQ) ‫اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻓ ﻰ ه ﺬﻩ اﻷﺛﻨ ﺎء ﺻ ﻐﻴﺮة وﻣﻘ ﺪارهﺎ‬
unavailability of energy has been devised and is ‫ ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺪث ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻷﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻰ ﻣﻘﺪارﻩ‬T ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬
known as entropy. It is defined by the differential
equation :.
dQ
dQ dS =
dS = T
T
‫‪Entropy‬‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻰ‬
‫‪(As a measure of unavailability) increases as a‬‬ ‫ه ﻮ ﻣﻘﻴ ﺎس ﻟﻤ ﺪى ﺣﻴ ﻮد اﻹﺟ ﺮاءات اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ ﻣﺴ ﺎرات‬
‫‪system loses heat, but remains constant when‬‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ وه ﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﺎﺻ ﻴﺔ ﺗ ﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑ ﺎﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻀ ﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫أو اﻟﻤﺰاﻟ ﺔ ﺧ ﻼل إﺟ ﺮاء ﻣﻌ ﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬وه ﻰ ﺧﺎﺻ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤ ﻮاد ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻤ ﺪ‬
‫‪there is no gain or loss of heat (as in an‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴ ﻠﻜﻪ اﻹﺟ ﺮاء ﻟﻠﻮﺻ ﻮل ﻣ ﻦ ﺣ ﺎل إﻟ ﻰ أﺧ ﺮى‬
‫‪adiabatic process).‬‬ ‫ﺑ ﻞ ﺗﻌﺘﻤ ﺪ ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ وﺻ ﻠﺖ إﻟﻴﻬ ﺎ‪،‬وآﻠﻤ ﺎ ذاد اﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻰ آﻠﻤﺎ آﺎن ﺣﻴﻮدﻩ ﻋﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاء اﻟﻼاﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳ ﻰ‬
‫أآﺒﺮوﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﺰداد ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ وﺗﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‪.‬‬
‫‪* The process is called irreversible when‬‬
‫‪ -‬وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻹﺟﺮاء ﻻ إﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻰ ‪Irreversible‬‬
‫‪there is a friction or atmospheric heat transfer‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد اﺣﺘﻜﺎك أو اﻧﺘﻘ ﺎل ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﺠ ﻮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠ ﺔ ﺗ ﺪرج‬
‫‪due to gradient of temperatures.‬‬ ‫درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫‪* IN THIS CASE :‬‬ ‫وﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫≥ ‪dS‬‬ ‫‪dQ‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫≥ ‪dS‬‬ ‫‪dQ‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................‬‬
‫‪The Simplest Heat Cycle‬‬
‫أﺑﺴﻂ دورة ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫‪* Gas turbine in its simplest form, the gas‬‬
‫‪turbine consists of three main components,‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ﻓ ﻰ أﺑﺴ ﻂ ﺻ ﻮرهﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﺛ ﻼث ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت رﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ‬
‫‪working according to the open internal‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺒﻘًﺎ ﻟﺪورة ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ذات اﺣﺘﺮاق داﺧﻠﻲ وﻳﺒ ﻴﻦ اﻟﺸ ﻜﻞ )‬
‫‪combustion cycle. Figure (1/2) shows a‬‬ ‫‪ ( ١‬ﻗﻄﺎﻋًﺎ آﺮوآﻴًﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺴ ﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤ ﺎ ﻳﺒ ﻴﻦ اﻟﺸ ﻜﻞ ) ‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴ ﺮ‬
‫‪diagrammatic section for this turbine, while‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺮي ﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪fig. (2/2) shows the symbolic representation of‬‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻏ ﺎزات ﻣﻨﺪﻓﻌ ﺔ ﺑﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ‬
‫‪it. From this turbine, high-speed gases are‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪث دﻓﻌًﺎ ﻧﻔﺎﺛًﺎ آﻤﺎ هﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻰ ﻣﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات أو ﻗﺪرة ﻣﺤﺮآﺔ‬
‫‪obtained that cause jet thrust as in airplane‬‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺷ ﻜﻞ ﻋ ﺰم ﻟ ﻰ) اﻟﺘ ﻮاء ( ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻓ ﻰ إدارة اﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨ ﺎت‬
‫‪engines, or a shaft power as rotational speed and‬‬
‫‪torque that can be used in driving different engines‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻗﺪرة ﻣﺤﺮآﺔ ﻹدارﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪* Main Components Are:‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﻼث ﻓﻬﻲ آﺎﻵﺗﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 - Compressor.‬‬ ‫‪2 - Combustion Chamber.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﻈﺎم اﻹﺣﺘﺮق‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪3- Turbine Wheel.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪All Thermodynamic Functions Occur At Adiabatic‬‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮدﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ أدﻳﺒﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ ) أي‬
‫‪Compression, Then Heating At Constant Pressure‬‬
‫دون ﺗﺒ ﺎدل ﺣ ﺮاري ( ﺛ ﻢ ﺗﺴ ﺨﻦ ﺗﺤ ﺖ ﺿ ﻐﻂ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻳﻌﻘﺒ ﻪ ﺗﻤ ﺪد‬
‫‪Followed By Adiabatic Expansion. These‬‬
‫‪Processes Occur At The Same Sequence‬‬ ‫ادﻳﺒ ﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ وﺗﺴ ﺘﻤﺮ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ ﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳ ﺔ ﺑ ﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ ﺐ‬
‫‪Continuously.‬‬
‫وﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫‪* The Maximum Temperature Depends On‬‬ ‫* وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 - The Thermal Cycle Design ,‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬أﺳﻠﻮب ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫‪2 - And The Estimated Life Of The Turbine.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻹﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻰ اﻟﺬى ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪As The Maximum Increases The Turbine Life‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻪ آﻠﻤﺎ زادت درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻘﺼ ﻮى آﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻨ ﺎ ﻋﻤ ﺮًا‬
‫‪Decreases.‬‬
‫أﻗﺼﺮ ﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Finally, the Working Medium Pressure Reaches‬‬ ‫* وأﺧﻴﺮًا ﻳﺼﻞ ﺗﻤ ﺪد اﻟﻮﺳ ﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ اﻟﺠ ﻮى ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ وذﻟ ﻚ‬
‫‪To Atmospheric Pressure Due To Expansion‬‬ ‫ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼل رﻳ ﺶ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻣﻮﻟ ﺪًا ﺑ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻗ ﺪرة ﺗﻜﻔ ﻰ ﻹدارة اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪Through The Turbine Blades. The Power‬‬
‫واﻟﺤﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪Generated Is Sufficient To Drive The Compressor‬‬
‫‪And The Load.‬‬
‫‪* In Normal Case, Two Third Of The Generated Work‬‬ ‫* وﺗﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫‪Is Consumed In Driving The Compressor And The‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤ ﺪد اﻟﻐ ﺎزات ﻓ ﻰ إدارة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ واﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ أو ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﻠ ﺐ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺑﻘﻴ ﺔ‬
‫‪Other Resisting Parts And The Other Third Is The‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺎت‪ ،‬أﻣ ﺎ اﻟﺜﻠ ﺚ اﻟﺒ ﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﺈﻧ ﻪ ﻳﻤﺜ ﻞ اﻟﻘ ﺪرة اﻟﻤﻔﻴ ﺪة اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ‬
‫‪Useful Load Used In Any External Applications.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ )أي اﻟﺤﻤﻞ آﻬﺮﺑﻴًﺎ أو ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴًﺎ (‪.‬‬
‫‪* The Gas Turbine Is Very Simple, As The‬‬ ‫* وﺗﻌﺘﺒ ﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ ﺑﺴ ﻴﻄﺔ ﺟ ﺪًا‬
‫‪Compressor Is Of The Rotating Type Either The‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ داﺋﻤ ًﺎ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨ ﻮع اﻟ ﺪوار ﺳ ﻮاء آ ﺎن ﻣﺤﻮرﻳ ًﺎ أو ﻃ ﺎردًا‬
‫‪Axial-Flow Or The Centrifugal Type, Which Is‬‬
‫ﻣﺮآﺰﻳ ًﺎ وﻳﺘﺼ ﻞ ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ًﺎ ﺟ ﺰءًا دوار ﻳﺤﻤﻠ ﻪ زوج أو‬
‫‪Directly Connected To The Turbine Forming The‬‬
‫‪Rotor. The Rotor Is Carried By One Or Two‬‬ ‫زوﺟ ﻴﻦ ﻣ ﻦ آﺮاﺳ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺤ ﺎور ‪ ،‬إﻣ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨ ﻮع اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟ ﻖ )‬
‫‪Couples Of Bearings, Either Journal Or Roller‬‬ ‫‪ (JOURNAL‬أو ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨ ﻮع ذو اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ﺎت ) ‪( ROLLING‬‬
‫‪Bearings In Condition That One Of Them Is‬‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮط أن ﻳﻜﻮن أﺣﺪهﻤﺎ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨ ﻮع اﻟﻤﻌ ﺮوف ﺑﻜﺮاﺳ ﻲ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ )‬
‫‪Thrust Bearing.‬‬
‫أي اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﺎوم اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻮري(‪.‬‬

‫‪* The output power can be taken from‬‬

‫* وﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜ ﻦ اﻟﺤﺼ ﻮل ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻘ ﺪرة اﻟﻤﺤﺮآ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ أى ﻃ ﺮف ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫‪either sides of the rotor, but it is preferable to‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺪوار وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻔﻀﻞ أن ﻧﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮف‬
‫‪take the power at the cold end to overcome the‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒ ﺎرد ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠ ﺐ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺑﻌ ﺾ اﻟﻤﺸ ﺎآﻞ اﻟﺒﺴ ﻴﻄﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ أن‬
‫‪problems that may happen at the hot end.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪث ﻟﻮ آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺔ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪* Required work obtained from turbine idea‬‬ ‫• وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻜ ﺮة اﻟﺤﺼ ﻮل ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺸ ﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﻮب ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫‪depends on an important property:‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ ﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ هﺎﻣ ﺔ وه ﻰ أن اﻟﺸ ﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﻮب ﺑﺬﻟ ﻪ أو ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ‬
‫‪Work required to increase or decrease the‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ أو ﺧﻔﺾ ﺿﻐﻂ آﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎزات ﺗ ﺰداد‬
‫‪pressure of an amount of gases, increases as‬‬
‫آﻠﻤﺎ زادت درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة هﺬﻩ اﻟﻐﺎزات‪.‬‬
‫‪the temperature of these gases increases,‬‬
‫‪* This is clear on ( t- s ) diagram , where the‬‬ ‫* وﻳﺘﻀﺢ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻧﻔﺮاج ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫‪constant pressure lines is divergent, and the‬‬ ‫‪ ( T – S‬وه ﻮ‬ ‫رﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨ ﻰ ) ‪DIAGRAM‬‬
‫‪temperature increases.‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨ ﻰ اﻟ ﺬى ﻳﺒ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗ ﺔ ﺑ ﻴﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻴ ﺎ ودرﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻟﻠﻐ ﺎزات (‬
‫‪In this diagram, the increase in temperature‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻓﻰ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺸ ﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﻮب ﻟﺮﻓ ﻊ ﺿ ﻐﻂ‬
‫‪represents the required work to increase the pressure‬‬
‫‪of gases, and it increases as the temperature of gases‬‬
‫آﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎزات ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ وه ﻰ ﺗ ﺰداد آﻠﻤ ﺎ ارﺗﻔﻌ ﺖ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة‬
‫‪increase, and the same at expansion.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻤﺮاد رﻓﻊ ﺿﻐﻄﻬﺎ وآﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬

‫اﻟﺒـﺎب اﻟﺜــﺎﻟــﺚ‬
‫‪Chapter Three‬‬

Chapter Three ‫اﻟﺒـﺎب اﻟﺜــﺎﻟــﺚ‬

Description Of Main
Component Of Gas Turbine ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻰ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
1) Axial Flow Compressor ‫( ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﺤﻮري‬١
* INLET OF COMPRESSOR CASING……..…. .....................................................‫* ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
* COMPRESSOR CASING ………………… .....................................................‫* هﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬

* COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE CASING… ..................................................‫* ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
* BLADES…………………………………..
.............................................................‫* اﻟﺮﻳﺶ‬
* ROTORS…………………………..………
* INLET GUIDE VANE…………………… ............................................................‫* اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر‬
* OPERATION OF THE COMPRESSOR .‫* رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬

AND TROUBLES OF COMPRESSOR
...‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ وﻣﺸﺎآﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ *
2) Combustion Chamber Combustion Chamber ‫( ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬٢

* FUEL NOZZLE………………………. ....................FUEL NOZZEL ‫* ﻓﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
* LINER……………………………..…
..............................LINER ‫*اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
* TRANSITION PIECE…………..……
........TRANSITION PIECE ‫* اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‬
* SPARK PLUG………………………..
* FLAME DETECTOR……………..… ....................SPARK PLUG ‫*ﺷﻤﻌﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
.........FLAME DETECTOR ‫*ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
3) Turbine Section
Turbine Section ‫( ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬٣
* SINGLE SHAFT TURBINE…………… ......SINGLE SHAFT ‫*ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ‬
* DOUBLE SHAFT TURBINE…………. .....DOUBLE SHAFT ‫*ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬
* BEARINGS…………………………..... .......................BEARINGS ‫*آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬

* FIRST STAGE NOZZLE………………
....FIRST STSGE NOZZEL ‫*ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫‪4) Gear Box‬‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس ‪Gear Box‬‬
‫‪* SINGLE SHAFT TURBINE GEAR BOX‬‬ ‫*ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ‪.......‬‬
‫‪* DOUBLE SHAFT TURBINE GEAR BOX….‬‬ ‫*ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‪.......‬‬
‫‪* ACCESSORIES OPERATED BY GEAR BOX.‬‬ ‫*اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﺮهﺎ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس‪...‬‬
‫‪5 ) Coupling‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ ‪........................Coupling‬‬
‫………………‪# TYPES OF COUPLING‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪..................................................‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪# ACCESSORY GEARBOX………..….‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺼﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪.....‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪# LOAD GEAR BOX COUPLING….....‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺼﻨﺪوق ﺗﺮوس اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﺾ‪....‬‬ ‫‬

Functional Description Of Turbine

Components ‫وﺻﻒ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻰ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Introduction ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
For Single Shaft Turbine ‫* ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮد اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
The Turbine Is Used To Operate Both Of ‫ﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ واﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬
ٍ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻰ إدارة آ‬
Compressor, Accessories And Load, Then It Is
Better To Use It To Operate Loads Of Fixed ‫واﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ وﻳﻔﻀ ﻞ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻰ ﺗﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ اﻷﺣﻤ ﺎل ذات‬
Speed Such As Electric Generators .‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
In Double Shaft Turbine (‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ذات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮد اﻟﻤﻘﺴﻮم )ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬
There Are Two Types Of Turbines Sets
:‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺘﺎن‬
The First Turbine Set : ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬

Called Gas Generator Turbine And It Is Used To ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻐﺎز وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻹدارة ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
Operate The Compressor And Turbine Accessories ‫وﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
Second Turbine : ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

Is Called Power Turbine And It Is Used To
Operate The Load Only ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ اﻟﻘﺪرة وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻹدارة اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
We Prefer To Use This Type To Operate The ‫وﻳﻔﻀ ﻞ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام ه ﺬا اﻟﻨ ﻮع ﻓ ﻰ ﺗﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻤ ﺎل ذات‬
Variable Load Such As Pump And Compressor . ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت واﻟﻀﻮاﻏﻂ‬
Compressor ‫ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬-١
There Are Three Types Of Compressors
Which We Can Use :‫هﻨﺎك ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮاﻏﻂ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ وهﻲ‬
1- Axial Flow Compressor Which Is Called .‫ ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﻮري وﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻰ‬-١
Turbo Compressor
2- Radial Compressor And It Is Called ‫ ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮي وﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺿﺎﻏﻂ‬- ٢
Centrifugal Compressor. .‫اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي‬
3- Positive Displacement Compressor (This Type ‫ ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻹزاﺣﺔ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ )وهﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ ﻲ‬- ٣
Is Not Used In Gas Turbine) .(‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬
*We Will Talk About Axial Flow Compressor ‫وﺳ ﻮف ﻧﺘﺤ ﺪث ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻮري ﻧﻈ ﺮًا ﻷﻧ ﻪ اﻷآﺜ ﺮ‬
Because It Is The Most Used In Gas Turbine Since ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ﻷﻧ ﻪ أﻗ ﻞ ﺣﺠﻤ ًﺎ ووزﻧ ًﺎ وأﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
It Is Small In Size And Weight And It Has High ‫آﻔﺎﺋ ﻪ و أﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻧﺴ ﺒﻪ ﺑ ﻴﻦ ﺿ ﻐﻄﻲ اﻟ ﺪﺧﻮل واﻟﺨ ﺮوج وﻷﻧ ﻪ‬
Efficiency And Its Compressor Ratio Between Inlet .‫ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺳﺮﻳﺎن ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
And Outlet Is High And Its Flow Rate Is Very High
This Compressor Consists Of Stator Blades And ‫* وﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﻮري ﻣﻦ رﻳﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ورﻳﺶ ﻣﺘﺤﺮآﺔ‬
Rotor Blades And It Has Several Stages And ‫وهﻮ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ وﺗﺘﻜﻮن آﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮص دوار ﻳﺤﻤﻞ‬
Each Stage Consists Of Rotor Disk Containing
Blades And Stator Which Has Stator Blades .‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺴﺎآﻨﺔ‬
We Can Put One Disk Or More Of Stator Blades ‫* وﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ أن ﺗﻮﺿ ﻊ ﺣﻠﻘ ﺔ أو أآﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
At The Front Of First Stage Of The Compressor ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ وﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴ ﻪ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻳﺎن ﻟﻴﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ‬
Which Used To Guide The Flow To Suit The
Rotor Disk Of The First Stage .‫اﻟﻘﺮص اﻟﺪوار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
The Last Stage Of The Stator Vanes Can Be ‫* وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴ ﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻘ ﺔ اﻷﺧﻴ ﺮة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺰﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﺴ ﺎآﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﺳ ﻢ‬
Names As Exit Guide Vanes As It Guides The Air ‫زﻋ ﺎﻧﻒ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ ﻪ اﻟﺨ ﺮوج ﺣﻴ ﺚ أﻧﻬ ﺎ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ ﻪ ﺗ ﺪﻓﻖ‬
Flow In The Axial Direction Of The Compressor . ‫اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺤﻮري ﻟﻴﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
Discharge
During Start Up Of The Compressor It May ‫* أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة ﺑ ﺪا اﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ ﻳﺤ ﺪث ﺗ ﺮاآﻢ ﻟﻠﻬ ﻮاء ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ‬
Accumulate Air Inside Compressor So It May
Cause Damage Of The Compressor So We Can ‫اﻻﻧﻬﻴ ﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻰ اﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﻋﻤ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨ ﺔ وﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺗﺠﻨ ﺐ ه ﺬا‬
Avoid This Damage Through Bleeding The ‫ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺗﺼ ﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀ ﻐﻮط اﻟﺰاﺋ ﺪ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﺠ ﻮ ﻣ ﻦ‬
Excess Of Compressed Air To The Atmosphere
By Using Bleed Valve ‫ﺧﻼل ﺻﻤﺎم ﺗﻬﺮﻳﺐ‬
Discharge Air From The Compressor Go ‫* اﻟﻬ ﻮاء اﻟﺨ ﺎرج ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ ﻳﻤ ﺮ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻨﺎﺷ ﺮ ﻣﺘﺰاﻳ ﺪ‬
Through A Diffuser To Decrease Its Speed In
Order To Convert Its Kinetic Energy To Pressure ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﻳﻘﻠ ﻞ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﻣ ﻦ اﺟ ﻞ ﺗﺤﻮﻳ ﻞ ﻃﺎﻗ ﻪ ﺣﺮآﺘ ﻪ إﻟ ﻰ‬
Energy, Then After That Passes To Combustion %٢٥ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﻪ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻤ ﺮ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻏﺮﻓ ﺔ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺮاق ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﺨ ﺘﻠﻂ‬
Chamber Where There Is A Mix Of 25% Of Air
With Fuel To Complete The Combustion And ‫ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء‬%٧٥ ‫ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد ﻟ ﺰوم اﻻﺣﺘ ﺮاق و‬
75% Of Air Used To Cool Combustion Chamber ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ ﺟ ﺪران ﻏ ﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺛ ﻢ ﻳﻌ ﺎد ﺧﻠﻄ ﻪ ﺑﻐ ﺎزات‬
Walls Then Remixed With The Hot Gas
‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬
The Combustion Chamber Has To Be Equipped ‫* ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق ﺑﻌ ﺪد آ ﺎﻓﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﻓﺘﺤ ﺎت‬
With Enough Number Of Air Inlets To Protect ‫إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻬ ﻮاء ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ﺟ ﺪران اﻟﻐﺮﻓ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ أي ﺗﻼﻣ ﺲ ﻟﻤﺨ ﺮوط‬
The Chamber Walls From Being Touched By ‫اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
The Flame Cone
Compressor Converts Mechanical Energy ‫* ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ﻃﺎﻗ ﻪ ﺿ ﻐﻂ‬
To Air Pressure Energy But The Turbine
‫ﻟﻠﻬﻮاء وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻃﺎﻗﻪ ﺿ ﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻐ ﺎزات إﻟ ﻰ‬
Converts The Gas Pressure Energy To
Mechanical Energy .‫ﻃﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
Output Air From Compressor Has Three Function ‫اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ هﻲ‬
1- Cooling External Surface Of Combustion ‫ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﺠﺪار ﻏﺮﻓﻪ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬-١
Chamber During Combustion Process
2- Saving The Necessary Oxygen To Complete Fuel .‫ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻷآﺴﺠﻴﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺤﺮق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬- ٢
Burning.
3- Bleeding Some Of Air To Cool The Stator Blades ‫ ﻧﺰف ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ هﻮاء اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ و‬- ٣
And Rotor Blades Of Turbine, And Little Air Of ‫اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ وﻗﻠﻴ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ه ﻮاء ﺗﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ‬
Cooling The Blades Passes Through Labyrinth
Seals Next To Bearings To Forbid Entering Oil Or ( ‫ﻳﺴﺮى ﺧﻼل ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻟﺘﺴ ﺮب اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺮﺟ ﺔ )اﻟﺨﻠﻮﺻ ﺎت اﻟﻀ ﻴﻘﺔ‬
Air Inside This Bearing Then It Passes To Air Or ‫( اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎورة ﻟﻠﻜﺮاﺳ ﻲ وذﻟ ﻚ‬LABYRIANTH SEALS )
Exhaust Which Is Assembled With Expansion Gases
‫ﻟﻤﻨ ﻊ دﺧ ﻮل اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ أو اﻟﻬ ﻮاء إﻟﻴﻬ ﺎ ﺛ ﻢ ﻳﻤ ﺮر إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﺠ ﻮ أو اﻟﻌ ﺎدم‬
And Through Out To The Atmosphere
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺪدة وﻃﺮدهﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻮ أﻳﺾا‬
Notes About ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬

Axial Flow Compressor Axial Flow Compressor.
*Consists Of Number Of Stages ‫* ﻣﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬

* CONSISTS OF 3 MAIN PARTS: : ‫ أﺟﺰاء رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬٣ ‫* ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
1- Inlet Casing 2- Compressor Casing ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬-٢ ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬- ١
3- Discharge Casing ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬-٣
1- Inlet Casing Inlet Casing ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬-1

* It Guides Air To The Compressor.
‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻬﻮاء إﻟﻰ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬-
* It Supports Bearing No.1 Parts. Bearing ١ ‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ أﺟﺰاء آﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ رﻗﻢ‬-
.................................................................................. ..................................................................................
2 - Compressor Casing Compressor Casing ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬-٢
* It Contains The First Four Compressor Stator First Four Comp. ‫* ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
Stages. Stator Stages
* It Can Be Take Air From Definite Stages For The ( ‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ أﺧ ﺬ ه ﻮاء ﻣ ﻦ أﺣ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣ ﻞ ) ﺣﺴ ﺐ اﻟﺘﺼ ﻤﻴﻢ‬ *
Following Aims: _:‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻰ اﻷﻏﺮاض اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬
1 – Cooling. 2 – Sealing. ( sealing ‫ اﻟﻌﺰل )ﻣﻨﻊ ( اﻟﺘﺴﺮب‬- 2 ( cooling ) ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬- ١
3 - Compressor Discharge Casing ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ) ﻣﺨﺮج( اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬-٣

Compressor Discharge Casing
* It Consists Of Two Barrel Parts , The First Is The
Outer To Follow The Continuity Of Compressor ‫* ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻨﺪرﻳﻦ )ﺟﺰﺋﻴﻦ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﻴﻦ( أﺣﺪهﻤﺎ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
Casing , The Second Is The Inner ( Compressor ‫ اﻧﺘﻈﺎم ( ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ وﺁﺧﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-‫ﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ) اﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬
Rotor.
Compressor Rotor
* There Is A Diffuser Between The Outer And The Inner
(Diffuser) ‫* وﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻨﺪر اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ واﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫‪Diffuser function:‬‬ ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ )‪-: ( Diffuser‬‬

‫‪* It Converts A Part Of Compressor Discharge‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪Speed To Pressure Energy.‬‬
‫‪Function of compressor discharge‬‬
‫‪Compressor‬‬ ‫* وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺼﺮف ﻟﻠﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪casing:‬‬ ‫‪Discharge Casing‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪It Confirms Inner And Outer Wales For The‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ‪Diffuser‬‬
‫‪Compressor Diffuser‬‬
‫‪2 – It Connects Stators Of Compressor And Turbine.‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ و اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬وﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﻜ ً‬
‫‪3 – It Supports Bearings No. 1&2.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬وأﻳﻀًﺎ ﻳﺰود ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‪Bearing No.2‬‬
‫‪4 – It Supports The Forward Part Of Combustor Casing.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬وآﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪5 – It Supports The Inner Part Of First Stage‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬وآﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺖ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫‪Nozzle Balding.‬‬
‫‪* Blades Is Designed To Give High Efficiency‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ آﻔﺎءة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎط‬
‫‪For Compression Ratio, And The Blade Shape Is‬‬ ‫وﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺮﻳﺸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﻨﺎح ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ‪Air Foil‬‬
‫‪As Air Foil.‬‬
‫‪STATOR BLADES‬‬ ‫‪ROTOR BLADES‬‬ ‫‪STATOR BLADES‬‬ ‫‪ROTOR BLADES‬‬
‫* هﺬﻩ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫* هﺬﻩ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺷﺒﺔ داﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺷﺒﺔ داﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻘﻮق ﻣﻌﺸﻘﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻘﻮق ﻣﻌﺸﻘﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫* اﻟﺮﻳﺸﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫* اﻟﺮﻳﺸﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﺋﺬ ﻓﻰ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻮل إﻃﺎرات ﻋﺠﻼت‬ ‫ﺣﻮل إﻃﺎرات ﻋﺠﻼت‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﺋﺬ ﻓﻰ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬
‫)ﺷﻘﻮق( ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪار‬ ‫دوران اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ‪Comp.‬‬ ‫)ﺷﻘﻮق( ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪار‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫دوران اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ‪Comp.‬‬
‫‪Rotor Wheels‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪Rotor Wheels‬‬
‫* وهﻰ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻤﺴﻮآﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫* وهﻰ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻤﺴﻮآﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫آﻰ ﻻﺗﺪور ﻓﻰ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫آﻰ ﻻﺗﺪور ﻓﻰ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﺠﺰء‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻏﻠﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻏﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬

‫‪Rotor‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪوار‬

‫‪It Consists Of :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﻦ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ هﻤﺎ ‪- :‬‬
‫‪1 – Compressor Component.‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﺟﺰء اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪2 – Turbine Component.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﺟﺰء اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪* It Is Supported By 2 Bearings, A Front One‬‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﺪد ‪ ٢‬آﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ واﻟﺜ ﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪And A Back One, Mounted Respectively On‬‬ ‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤ ﺆﺧﺮة ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻋﻠ ﻲ اﻟﺘ ﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﻏ ﻼف دﺧ ﻮل اﻟﻬ ﻮاء‬
‫‪The Air Inlet Casing And In The Turbine‬‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﻏﻼف ﻋﺎدم اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Exhaust Casing.‬‬

* The Rotor Compressor Component Is ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﺟﺰء اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬
Basically Made Up :
-: ‫ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬-١
1 – Front Part :
‫ﻣﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ رﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻃﻮق‬
* The First Stage Blades Are Mounted On It ,
A Collar Bearing Prevents The Axial ‫ ( ﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬Coller ) ‫آﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
Movement Caused By Combustion , There Is ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ وﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻼﻧﺸﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ إﻟﻲ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
A Flange Is Used For The Connection To The
Charge .
-: ‫ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷوﺳﻂ‬-٢
2 – Central Area :
‫ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ أﻗ ﺮاص ﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﺮآﺒ ﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ ﻗﻀ ﺒﺎن رﺑ ﻂ‬
* There Are Blade-Carrying Disks Are ( ٧ ‫ إﻟﻲ‬٢ ‫وﻣﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ) ﻣﻦ‬
Mounted Using Tie Roads , The 2nd And The
7th Stage Blades Are Mounted On The Blade –
Carrying Disks.
-: ‫ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬-٣
3 – The End Part :
* On The Compressor Side , The 8th To 11th ( ١١ ‫ إﻟﻲ‬٨ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ) ﻣﻦ‬
Stage Blades Are Mounted.
-: ‫* ﺟﺰء اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
# The Rotor Turbine Component Is
Basically Made Of : ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ رﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
st nd
* The Disks On Which The 1 And 2 Stage (‫واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ) هﺬا ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
Blades Are Mounted.
: ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
NOTE :
(‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ) هﺬا ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬١١ = ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
* No. Of Comp. Stages= 11 ( in single shaft)
.( ‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ) هﺬا ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬١٥ = ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
* No. Of comp. Stages= 15 ( in double shaft).
[ I. G . V ] ‫رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬
Pre–Rotation Blades ( I G V )
* It Guarantee The Following Important Functions : ‫رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬
1 – Decrease The Intake Air Flow During The
‫ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﺳﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬-١
Start Up And Halt Phase In Order To Prevent
‫وﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻹﻳﻘﺎف وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮة ﻟﺤﺮآ ﺔ‬
Dangerous Fluid dynamics Effects , And To
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ] اﻻﻋﺘﺮاﺿﺎت أو اﻟ ﺪﻓﻊ‬Fluid Dynamics ‫اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
Reduce The Launching Engine Power.
. ‫[ وﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺨﻔﺾ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻮر‬
2 – Optimization Of The Axial Compressor
Performance In The Functioning Rotation Field. . ‫ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ أداء اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬-٢
# Main Pre – Rotation Blades Parts : -: ‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬

* Electric Motor
‫* ﻣﻮﺗﻮر آﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬
* Movement Distribution Shaft.
‫* ﻋﻤﻮد ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺣﺮآﺔ‬
* Two Half Circumferential Rings .
‫* ﻧﺼﻔﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻴﺔ‬
* Ground Levers To Insure Connection
Between Blades.
‫* أذرع أرﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺄآﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ‬
Function Description :
- : ‫وﺻﻒ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
* The Whole Mobile Blade System Is Driven ‫ﻳﺘﻢ إدارة ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ ﻣﻮﺗ ﻮر‬ <--
By An Electric Motor , Which Is Connected ‫آﻬﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﻣﻮﺻ ﻞ ﺑﻌﻤ ﻮد ﺗﻮزﻳ ﻊ ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬
With A Distribution Shaft Where Some Joints ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
Have Been Installed .
* The Latter Serve As A Cam And Transfer

‫< وهﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻼت ﻳﻌﻤﻞ آـ آﺎﻣﺔ‬--
The Shaft Rotation Movement To The ‫وﻳﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺪوراﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد إﻟﻲ أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬
Connecting Conrods , Which Allow The ‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺪورهﺎ‬Connecting Conrods
Circumferential Ring To Move . ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﻴﺔ أن ﺗﺘﺤﺮك‬
* The Pre Rotation Blades Are Mounted Onto ‫< واﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت‬--
These Rings.
* An Angular Position Index , Installed On A ‫< ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ دﻟﻴ ﻞ ﻣﻮﺿ ﻊ زاوي ﻣﺮآ ﺐ ﻋﻠ ﻲ اﻟﺮﻳﺸ ﺔ‬--
Pre – Rotation Blade , Allows To Verify The ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآ ﺔ ﺑﺤﻴ ﺚ ﻳﺴ ﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴ ﻖ ﻣﻮﺿ ﻊ اﻟﺮﻳﺸ ﺔ‬
Blade Position In Relation To The Turbine .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Operating Conditions.
‫‪Compressor Operation :‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪* Movable Blades Induce ( Draw ) Air , Then It‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ﺑﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻬﻮاء وﺗﻘﺬﻓ ﻪ ﺑﻘ ﻮﻩ إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪Push The Air To The Next Row Of Stator‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﻒ اﻟﺘ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘ ﺔ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﺑ ﺪورهﺎ‬
‫‪Blades Which Slows The Flow And Convert Its‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ إﺑﻄﺎء اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى وﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ اﻟﺤﺮآﻴ ﺔ‬
‫‪Kinetic Energy To Pressure Energy As A High‬‬
‫‪Pressure , So Each Stage Increases The Pressure.‬‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﻪ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺮﺗﻔ ﻊ وﺑ ﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ‬
‫آﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
‫‪Operation problems :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎآﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪1 – Reduce The Performance Which Results In‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺼﻮر اﻷداء اﻟﺬي ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮاآﻤﺎت اﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ و‬
‫‪Dirt , Salt And Sand On Blades , And This‬‬
‫اﻷﻣﻼح واﻟﺮﻣﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ وهﺬا ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫‪Requires Periodic Compressor Cleaning.‬‬
‫اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﺪوري ﻟﻠﻀﺎﻏﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 – Blade Wear , And This Require Using Filters To‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺂآﻞ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ وهﺬا ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻼﺗﺮ ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬
‫‪Clean Air Before Interring To The Compressor.‬‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻗﺒﻞ دﺧﻮﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪3 – Distortion Due To Strange Objects Which‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫‪Inter With Air Such As Sand, Bolts , Keys‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺣﺠﺎر أو اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ أو اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ أو‬
‫‪And This Require Using Grids ( Net ) At The‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻴﻮر‪ .‬وﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ذﻟﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺷﺒﻜﺎت ﻓﻰ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫‪Inlet Of Air Filters.‬‬
‫ﻓﻼﺗﺮ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
‫‪4 – Surge Phenomena, And We Can Override‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺪوث ﻇﺎهﺮة اﻟﺘﻤﻮج أو) اﻟﺴﻴﺮج( وﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪This Problem By Using Air Bleed Valve Which‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﻤﺎم ﻧﺰﻳﻒ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺬي‬
‫‪Still Open Until The Compressor Speed Reaches‬‬
‫ﻳﻈﻞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣًﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪85%.‬‬
‫‪% ٨٥‬‬

Combustion Chamber ‫ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬-٢
Air Discharged From Compressor Is Used For :‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏﺮاض اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬
The Following Aims:
1 [Primary Air] Combustion Air [ Primary Air ] Combustion Air - ١

* This Air Pass Through Primary Holes Of The ‫ﻳﻤ ﺮ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء ﺧ ﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺤ ﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴ ﺔ ) اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴ ﺔ ( ﻟﻐﺮﻓ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ‬
Combustion Chamber To Achieve The Air Fuel Ratio ‫ ( واﻟﺘﻮزﻳ ﻊ اﻟ ﻼزم‬A/F )‫ وﻗ ﻮد‬/ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻐﺮض ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ ه ﻮاء‬
( A ⁄ F ) , And The Necessary Distribution For .(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ) أى أﻧﻪ هﻮ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
Stability Of The Flame.
2 - [Secondary Air] Dilution Air [ Secondary Air ] Dilution Air -٢
* It Reduces The Mean Temperature Of The Gas ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء إﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻐﺮﻓ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ وﻳﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺘﺨﻔ ﻴﺾ‬
‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤ ﺮ اﻷﺟ ﺰاء اﻟﻤﺘﻼﻣﺴ ﺔ‬
To Compatible Values With The Blade life.
.(‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز ) أي أﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
3 - Cooling Air:
Cooling Air -٣
* Air Is Turned Externally And Internally Around Liner ‫ﻳﺪور اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺧﺎرﺟﻴًﺎ وداﺧﻠﻴًﺎ ﺣﻮل ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟـ‬
Liner Sides In Which Form A Film From Air ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﺼﻮرة داﺋﻤﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﺎدرًا‬
Continuously Able To Keep A Compatible Values . ‫ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
For Material Temperature.
‫‪Fuel nozzle :‬‬ ‫* ﻓﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‪Fuel Nozzel‬‬

‫‪* It Installed Above The Combustion‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻄﺎء ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ وهﻰ ﻣﺰودة‬
‫‪Chamber Wall, And It Is Provided With The‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪Following Ducts:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة وﻗﻮد ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪1 – Liquid Fuel Pipe.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة ﻏﺎز‬
‫‪2 – Gas Pipe.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة هﻮاء‬
‫‪3 – Air Pipe.‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻵﺗﻰ ‪-:‬‬

Liner
* This Part Is Made From Nickel Alloy ( ‫هﺬا اﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ ) ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬ <-
Because It Face It Is Anti – Oxidation.
. ‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻸآﺴﺪة‬
* According To Air/Gas Flow And Cooling ‫< وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎن ) اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻬﻮاء ( وﻧﻮع اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ‬-
Type, We Can Specify Liner As The Following:- -: ‫ آﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬Liner ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟـ‬
* A Reverse Flow Or Direct Flow. A Direct Or Reverse Flow ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ أو ﻋﻜﺴﻲ‬ *
* There Are Slots Cooled (Louvered) On The

Or (Louvered) ( Slots Cooled ) ‫* ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
Liner Wall Which Form A Film From Air For
‫ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬Liner ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺪار ال‬
Cooling.
‫) ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ( ﻏﺸﺎء اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
Transition Piece
TRANSITION PIECE FOR TRANSITION PIECE FOR

DOUBLE SHAFT TURBINE MS 3002 SINGLE SHAFT TURBINE
* This Part Is Made From Nickel Alloy ‫ه ﺬا اﻟﺠ ﺰء ﻣﺼ ﻨﻮع ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﺒﻴﻜﺔ اﻟﻨﻴﻜ ﻞ ﻣ ﻊ‬ <--
And Ceramic Layer Which Tough Directly ‫وﺟ ﻮد ﻃﺒﻘ ﺔ داﺧﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺴ ﻴﺮاﻣﻴﻚ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗ ﺘﻼءم‬
With Gas.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
* It Transfer Hot Gases From Combustion (‫< وهﻮ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ) ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬--
Chamber To 1st Stage Nozzle 1st Stage Nozzle ‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ إﻟﻲ‬
‫‪Flame Detector‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬

‫وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ‪- :‬‬
‫‪It's Function:‬‬
‫‪ -‬أﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ إﺿﺎءة ﺷﻤﻌﺎت اﻹﺷﻌﺎل ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﺑﺪء‬
‫‪1 – It Stops Spark Plug Lights Once The‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻜﻰ ﺗﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﺪء ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Firing Starts‬‬
‫‪2 – It Trips The Turbine When The Flame Cut Off.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻄﻔﻲء اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
‫‪............................................................‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................‬‬
‫‪Spark Plug‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻌﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬

‫‪* It Consists Of The Following Parts:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪-:‬‬

Turbine Section ‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬-٣

For Double Shaft ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬
* The Turbine Converts The Potential Of

‫* اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨﺔ هﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
High Energy Of The Hot, High Pressure
Gases Which Comes From Combustion ‫اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ذات اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻓ ﺔ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺮاق‬
Chamber To Kinetic Energy That Performs
The Useful Mechanical Work Of Shaft ‫إﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮآﺔ ﺗﺆدى اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎد ﻟﻌﻤ ﻮد اﻟ ﺪوران‬
Rotation, Also It Sets The Pressure Required
For Turbine Cycle, And The Turbine Consists ‫آﻤ ﺎ أﻧﻬ ﺎ ﺗﺤ ﺪد أﻳﻀ ﺎ ﻣﺴ ﺘﻮى اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﻮب ﻟ ﺪورة ﺗﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ‬
Of A , And It Is Connected Tog Series Of
Discs Coupled Together On One Common ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ وﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮق )أو أﻃﻮاق( أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
Axial Axis Of Rotation, And There Are A
‫ﻞ ﻣﻨﻬ ﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻳ ًﺎ‬
ٍ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر دوران واﺣﺪ ﻣﻮزع ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﺤ ﻴﻂ آ‬
Group Of Blades Distributed Radically
Around The Circumference Of Each Disc.
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﺟﻴﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻄﻮق‬
* When Hot Gases Flow Out From Combustion ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻓﻪ‬
Chamber, They Inter Fixed Nozzle Vanes, Where
‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ أﺑﻮاق )ﻣﻤﺮات( ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
The Flow Is Smoothed Out, And A High Swirl
(‫ﻓﺘﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دواﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻷﺑﻮاق)اﻟﻤﻤﺮات‬
Speed Imparted To It. , Then Passages Guide Hot
Gases Towards Movable Blades Fixed On The ‫اﻟﻐﺎزات ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻧﺤﻮ رﻳﺶ ﻣﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
External Surface Of Rotational Collar ,And The
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻄﻮق ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺪوران وﻳﺪور ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻮد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﺪور‬
Turbine Shaft Rotates With It , Then Blades
‫اﻟﺮﻳﺶ وﺗﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮد ﺛﻢ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻐﺎزات إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
Rotate And Turns The Shaft, Then The Gases Go
Out From It To The Next Stage Of Blades Until ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻬﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﻐﺎزات وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﺧﺎرج‬
The Gases , Then It Go Out The Turbine. .‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪Turbine Section Components‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪_:‬‬

‫‪For Double Turbine Shaft‬‬
‫) ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺰدوج(‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻏﻼف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ) ‪( Turbine Shell‬‬
‫‪1 - Turbine Shell‬‬
‫‪2 - First Stage Nozzle‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ) ‪( First Stage Nozzle‬‬
‫‪3 - High Pressure Wheel‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ )‪(High Pressure Wheel‬‬
‫‪4 - Second Stage Nozzle‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ذو اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ذات اﻟﺰواﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬
‫‪5 - Low Pressure Wheel‬‬ ‫) ‪( Second Stage Nozzle‬‬
‫‪6 - Diaphragm Assembly‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﺠﻠﺔ )ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ( اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪( Low Pressure Wheel‬‬
‫‪7 – Sealing Air Piping.‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﺟﺰء اﻟﻐﺸﺎء ) ‪( Diaphragm Assembly‬‬
‫‪8 – Horizontal Stator Parts‬‬ ‫‪ -٧‬أﺟﺰاء ﻣﺴﺎر هﻮاء ﻋﺰل )ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ( اﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫‪ -٨‬أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Blades‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ‪Blading‬‬
‫‪* It Is The Part Which Take The Air In‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﻳﺶ هﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺪوار اﻟﺬي ﻳﻐﺮف اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Compressor, Or Turns By Pushing Gases In‬‬
‫أو ﻳ ﺪور ﺑ ﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻐ ﺎزات ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘ ﺎﻟﻲ ﺗ ﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﻬ ﺎ‬
‫‪Turbine, So It Turns The Collar And The Shaft.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮق اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ آﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮد‬
‫‪Components Of Turbine Blade:‬‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن رﻳﺸﻪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ارﺑﻊ أﺟﺰاء‬
‫‪1 – Airfoil ( It Is The Working Part For Blade‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳ ﻄﺢ اﻻﻧﺴ ﻴﺎب ) ‪ ( AIRFOIL‬وه ﻮ اﻟﺠ ﺰء اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ ﻓ ﻰ‬
‫‪Which Receive Gases And React With Its Pulse.‬‬ ‫ﺮ اﻟﺮﻳﺸﺔ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻐﺎزات وﻳﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ دﻓﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 – Base ( It Is A Flat Surface Parallel With The‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ﺪة ) ‪ ( BASE‬وه ﻰ ﻋﺒ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ ﺟ ﺰء ﻣﺴ ﻄﺢ‬
‫‪External Surface Of Fixing Collar Of Blades ).‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮازى ﺳﻄﺤﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻄﻮق ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ‪.‬‬
‫‪3 – DISK.‬‬ ‫– ﻃﻮق اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ) ‪.( DISK‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ ) ‪ ( SHANK‬وهﻰ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺬي ﻳﻐﺮس وﻳﺮﺑﻂ داﺧﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ‬
‫‪4 – Shank ( It Is The Part Which Put And‬‬
‫اﻟﻄ ﻮق وﻳﻌﺘﺒ ﺮ أﻳﻀ ﺎ ه ﻮ اﻟﻤﻤ ﺮ اﻟ ﺬي ﻳﻨﺘﻘ ﻞ ﺧﻼﻟ ﻪ ﺟ ﺰء آﺒﻴ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫‪Tightened Into Collar Body , And Also It Is‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﻄﺢ اﻻﻧﺴ ﻴﺎب إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻄ ﻮق ذو اﻟﻜﺘﻠ ﺔ اﻷآﺒ ﺮ وﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺛﻘ ﺐ‬
‫‪The Passage Which Transfer Through It A Big‬‬ ‫ﺛﻘ ﻮب ﺿ ﻴﻘﻪ ﻓ ﻰ ﺟﺴ ﻢ رﻳﺸ ﻪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺣﺘ ﻰ ﻗﻤﺘﻬ ﺎ ﻟﻜ ﻲ ﻳﻤ ﺮ ﺧﻼﻟﻬ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﺄﺧﻮذ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺮﻳﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫…‪Part Of Heat‬‬

‫‪First Stage Nozzle‬‬
‫‪* It Consists Of Nozzle Segment Which‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄ ﻊ )ﻗﻄﻌ ﺔ( اﻟﺒ ﻮق اﻟﺘ ﻲ ه ﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻌ ﺔ ﻓ ﻰ ﺣﻠﻘ ﺔ‬
‫‪Assembled In A Continuous Ring.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة )ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ(‬
‫‪* The Ring And Nozzle Are Fixed On Gas‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺤﻠﻘ ﺔ واﻟﺒ ﻮق ﻣﺜﺒﺘ ﻴﻦ ﻓ ﻰ ﻣﺴ ﺎر اﻟﻐ ﺎز ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒ ﺔ‬
‫‪Passage By Construction In Turbine Casing.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻜﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪* Nozzle Is Designed To Bear Effects Of High‬‬ ‫* ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻮزل ) ‪ ( Nozzle‬ﻣﺼ ﻤﻤﺔ ﺑﻬ ﺬا اﻟﺸ ﻜﻞ ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﺗﺘﺤﻤ ﻞ‬
‫‪Temperatures Due To Hot Gases, And To‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻐ ﺎزات اﻟﺴ ﺎﺧﻨﺔ وﻟﻜ ﻰ ﺗﺤ ﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫‪Keep The Correct Passage For Gases.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫‪First Stage Nozzle‬‬
‫‪High Pressure Shaft‬‬


Turbine Section Turbine Section

For Single Shaft ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ‬
Fixed Blades (Nozzles) Fixed Blades (Nozzles)
* Nozzle Is Mounted Above The Rotor ‫اﻟﻨ ﻮزل ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮع ﻓ ﻮق أﺑ ﻮاق ) رﻳ ﺶ ( ﻣﺼ ﻨﻮع ﻣ ﻦ‬ <-
Nozzles Is Made Of Number Of Holes Of
Constant Width That Are Capable Of ‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت ذات ﻏﺮض ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻘ ﺪرة‬
Determining The Physical And ‫ﻋﻠ ﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ ﺪ اﻟﻈ ﺮوف اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ) اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ( واﻻﻧﺴ ﻴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
Aerodynamically Conditions That The Gases ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ اﻟﻐ ﺎزات ﻗﺒ ﻞ اﻟﺘﻤ ﺪد ﻓ ﻲ رﻳ ﺶ‬
Should Have Before Expanding On The Rotor
Blades. ‫اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر‬
* Fixed Blades Uses These Holes To Define ‫ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام هﺬﻩ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﺪد أﺑﻌﺎد ﻗﻨﺎة‬ <-
The Dimensions Of Gas Flow Passage Inside
‫) ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ( ﺳﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻐﺎز داﺧﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
The Turbine.
................................................................. .............................................................
1ST Stage Nozzle 1ST Stage Nozzle
* gases coming out of the transition piece
. ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﺢ آﻞ ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﻴﻦ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ وداﺧﻠﻲ‬ <-
directly into the blades that are thermally more
stressed than the turbines , as the gas maximum ‫زوج اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﺢ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮوﻓﻴ ﻞ اﻹﻧﺴ ﻴﺎب واﻷﻟ ﻮاح ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ‬ <-
temperature value is " stopped" only as come ‫ ﻳ ﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼ ﻮل ﻋﻠﻴ ﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﺒﻴﻜﺔ‬Monolithic Section ‫ﻘﻄ ﻊ‬
out of the transition piece. .‫ﻮﺑﻠﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻸآﺴﺪة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
* this nozzle is made of 22 groups of foils each ‫وﻃﺒﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻠﻮح اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ <-
of which is contained between two platforms ( ‫ﻟﺸﺮاﺋﺢ ) اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺋﻖ( ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪهﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻵﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ راﺟﻊ‬
internal and external ) . ‫ﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
2ND Stage Nozzle 2ND Stage Nozzle
* It Is Made F 16 Sections Of 3 Foils Each And , ٣ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺪد ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻘ ﺎﻃﻊ آ ﻞ ﻣﻘﻄ ﻊ ﻣﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ‬

Just As The Ones In The First Stage , It Is Made ‫ وه ﻮ‬First Stage ‫ﺷ ﺮاﺋﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ًﺎ ﻣﺜ ﻞ اﻟﻮﺿ ﻊ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ـ‬
Of A Cobalt Super Alloy Precision Casting .
. ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ آﻮﺑﻠﺖ‬
* It Is Supported Only On Its External ‫وهﻮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬
Circumference By A Welded Ring Situated On ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻼف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
The Turbine Casing.
.................................................................. .....................................................................
3RD Stage Nozzle 3RD Stage Nozzle

* It Is Made Of 16 Sectors Of 3 Foils Each And , ٣ ‫* ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ آ ﻞ ﻣﻘﻄ ﻊ ﻣﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ‬
Just Like The Ones Of The First And Second ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ ( ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ًﺎ ﻣﺜ ﻞ اﻟﻮﺿ ﻊ‬١٢ ) ‫ﺷ ﺮاﺋﺢ ﺷ ﻜﻞ‬
Stages , It Is Made Of A Cobalt Super Alloy ‫أﺑ ﻮاق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻲ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ وه ﻮ ﻣﺜﺒ ﺖ ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﻣ ﻦ‬
Precision Casing. ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺣﻠﻘ ﺔ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻣ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻏ ﻼف‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Turbine Disks And Blades Turbine Disks And Blades

[ 1,2,3 rd Stage ] [ 1,2,3 rd Stage ]
* The Energy Necessary For The Compression Of ‫• اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء اﻟ ﺪاﺧﻞ ﻳ ﺘﻢ‬
The Intake Air Is Obtained By The Expansion Of
) ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻤ ﺪد اﻟﻐ ﺎزات اﻵﺗﻴ ﺔ‬
The Gases Coming Out Of The Combustion
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ( ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣ ﻞ اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ‬
Chamber On Three Turbine Blade Stages ( 60
Blades Per Stage ) Which , As The Disks And ‫ رﻳﺸ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ آ ﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ [ ﻣﺜ ﻞ‬٦٠ ] ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛ ﺔ‬
Their Relative Spacers , Are Mounted On The ‫اﻷﻗ ﺮاص وﻓﺮاﻏﺎﺗﻬ ﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺒﺔ ﺗﻜ ﻮن ﻣﺮآﺒ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻲ‬
Rotor And Fastened With A Number Of Tie Rods
. ‫اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر وﻣﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻘﻀﺒﺎن رﺑﻂ‬
.
* Materials Used Are Nickel Super Alloys With ‫* اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻚ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
Different Mechanical And Technological Features. .‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
* Because Blades Are Subjected To High ‫* وﻧﻈﺮًا ﻷن اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﺪرﺟﺎت ﺣ ﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ‬
Temperature, So Eight Radial Holes Have Been
‫ ﻓﺘﺤ ﺎت ﻗﻄﺮﻳ ﺔ‬٨ ‫ﻓﺈﻧ ﻪ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳ ﺪهﺎ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﻋ ﺪد‬
Made On The Rotor Hot Press In Order To Direct
‫ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر آﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ آﻤﻴﺔ هﻮاء ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻋﻠ ﻲ‬
A Certain Quantity Of Relatively Cool Air On
The Disks Inside The Blade Nozzle That Has ‫اﻷﻗ ﺮاص داﺧ ﻞ ﻧ ﻮزل اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳ ﺘﻢ أﺧ ﺬهﺎ ﻣ ﻦ‬
Been Taken From The Axial Compressor Return. ‫راﺟﻊ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
Bearings Bearings
For Single Shaft Turbine ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ‬
Bearings Have Two Functions: ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻟﻪ وﻇﻴﻔﺘﺎن‬
1 – Kept For The Longitudinal Position For ‫ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻮﺿ ﻊ اﻟﻄ ﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻀ ﻮ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮ‬- ١
The Rotor By Using An Axial Thrust Bearing ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ آﺮﺳﻲ ﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻮري ﻟﻠﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻄﻮق ﺣﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
For Circular Collar On The Rotor. ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ‬
2 – Raising The Rotor And Kept Its Position ‫ ﺣﻤ ﻞ اﻟﻌﻀ ﻮ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮ واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﺮآﺰﻳ ﻪ اﻟﻌﻀ ﻮ‬- ٢
(Central) With The Axial By Put an Alloy ‫اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺤ ﻮر اﻟ ﺪوران ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ ﺳ ﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﺗﻮﺿ ﻊ‬
Longitudinally Around The Shaft, And Fixed . ‫ﻃﻮﻟﻴًﺎ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮد وﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
With The Turbine Body.
.............................................................. ....................................................................
For Single Shaft Turbine ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ‬
* There Are Two Bearings In The Turbine:

- : ‫ آﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬٢ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪد‬
1 – Bearing No.1 Bearing No1 *

Is A (Journal And Thrust) In The Same Time. ‫ ( ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬Thrust , Journal ) ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ‬
2 – Bearing N0.2 Is A Journal Bearing. ‫ ﻓﻘﻂ‬Journal ‫ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ‬Bearing No 2 *
* The Turbine Structural Is Designed (‫• هﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﻃﺒﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ) اﻟﺤﺮآﻴﺔ‬
According To The Dynamic Study Of The
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ آﺮﺳﻲ‬
ً ‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر وأﻳﻀًﺎ ﻃﺒﻘًﺎ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر آ‬
Behavior Of The Rotor Body And Also
According To The Choice Of Journal And . ‫ وآﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬Journal ‫اﻟـ‬
Thrust Bearings.
Thrust Bearing Thrust Bearing
* In This Turbine Thrust Bearings Are Used Tilting ‫ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم آﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ دﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع و‬
(Direct Lubrication Tilting Pad Direct ‫ﻣﺮآ ﺐ ﻋﻨ ﺪ‬ ‫ وه ﻮ ﻳﻜ ﻮن‬Direct Lubrication Pads
Lubrication) Type, They Are Installed At
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر وﻳﻤﺘﺺ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺿ ﻐﻮط‬
Rotor Ends And Absorb Axial Charges Caused
( ١٤ ‫ اﻟﻐﺎز ( ﻋﻠﻲ رﻳﺶ اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر ) ﺷﻜﻞ‬/ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ) اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
By The Air / Gas System Pressures On The
Rotor Blades (See fig. 14).
* The Charges That Bearings Have To Bear, ‫اﻷﺣﻤ ﺎل اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺘﻌ ﺮض ﻟﻬ ﺎ اﻟﻜﺮاﺳ ﻲ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ وﺻ ﻠﺔ دﻓ ﻊ‬
By Means Of The Shaft Thrust Joint, May ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺗﺠﺎهﻬ ﺎ ووﺟﻮده ﺎ اﻋﺘﻤ ﺎدًا ﻋﻠ ﻲ ﻇ ﺮوف‬
Change Direction And Entity Depend On The . ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Turbine Usage Conditions.
‫* ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ واﺗﺠﺎﻩ أﻗﺼﻲ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺤﻮر‬

* So It Is Necessary To Define The Value And
Direction Of The Maximum Axial Charge.
‫ﺟﺎﻧ ﺐ آﺮﺳ ﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴ ﻞ اﻟ ﺬي ﻳﺘﻌ ﺮض ﻟﻠﺤﻤ ﻞ اﻷﻗ ﻮى‬ •

* The Bearing Side That Bears The Strongest
Charge Is Called (Active Side), And It Is ‫ [ وﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰه ﺎ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ‬Active Side ] ‫ﻳﺴ ﻤﻲ‬
Distinguished By Bigger Size Pads, ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ) اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ( اﻷآﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﻮﺳﺎدات‬
*Lesser Entity Pressures Are Absorbed By The ‫واﻟﻀ ﻐﻮط اﻷﻗ ﻞ ﻳ ﺘﻢ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ ﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ وﺳ ﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﺠﺎﻧ ﺐ‬ •
Inactive Side That Is Opposite To The Other ‫ﻟﻸﺧ ﺮي‬ ‫ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﻜ ﻮن ﻣﻮاﺟﻬ ﺔ‬Inactive Side ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻌ ﺎل‬
And Distinguished By Smaller Size Pads.
. ‫وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺄن ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﺪ أﺻﻐﺮ‬
‫‪* Referring To The Detail On Fig. 14‬‬ ‫* ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ) ‪( ١٤‬‬
‫‪The Thrust Bearing Includes:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ أن هﺬا اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪- :‬‬
‫‪1 – A Pad Holding Gear Divided Into 2 Parts‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺟﺰء ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻮﺳﺎدة ﻣﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻲ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫‪Situated In The Relevant Bay.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻐﺮات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 – A Number Of Radial Oscillating Pads‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋ ﺪد ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻮﺳ ﺎدات اﻟﻤﺘﺄرﺟﺤ ﺔ ﻣﺤ ﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫‪Kept Into Position Transversally And On The‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺿ ﻊ ﻣﺘﻮاﺟﻬ ﺔ ) ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠ ﺔ ( ﻋﻠ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻴﻂ‬
‫‪Circumference By Joggles Through Which Oil‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺮور اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺴ ﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺜﻨ ﺎء ﺧ ﻼل‬
‫‪Is Introduced Inside The Pad / Thrust Contact‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻮﺳﺎدة وﺟﺰء اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Area.‬‬

Bearings Bearings
For Double Shaft Turbine ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬
-: ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎم‬
* There Are4bearings Which Support The
Compressor And Turbine Rotors. ‫ آﺮاﺳ ﻲ اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺗﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺘﺜﺒﻴ ﺖ‬٤ ‫* اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﺑﻬ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪد‬
‫اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ واﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* Bearing No. 1 (At The Compressor Inlet).

‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﻰ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬Bearing no 1
* Bearing No. 2 (At The Compressor Exit)

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﺮج ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬ Bearing No 2
* Bearing No. 3&4 ( Contained In Separate ‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى آﺮاﺳﻰ‬Bearing No 3,4

Housings Which Are Bolted To The After ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺰول )ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ( اﻟﺬى‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )ﻟﺠﺴﻢ( اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
End Of Exhaust Frame Inner Barrel.
Bearing 1 , 2 Fix Both Compressor ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﺎن ﺑﺘﺜﺒﻴ ﺖ اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ‬ Bearing 1 , 2 •

‫ودوار اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬
And High Pressure Turbine Rotor .
Bearing 3 , 4 Fix Both Low Pressure ‫ ﻳﻘﻮﻣ ﺎن ﺑﺘﺜﺒﻴ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘ ﺔ‬Bearing 3 , 4 *
‫ودوار اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
Turbine And Load
No Kind Type No
1 - Journal - Elliptical - GEI 41020
- Thrust ( active ) - Tilting – pad ( six pads ) - GEI 41018
self equalizing
- Thrust ( Inactive) - Tapered land - GEI 41018
2 - Journal - Elliptical - GEI 41020
3 - Journal - Tilting – pad five pads - GEI 41020
- Tilting – pad ( five pads ) - GEI 28100

4 - Thrust ( Loaded ) - Tilting – pad ( eight pads ) - GEI 41018
self equal
- Thrust ( Un Loaded ) - Tilting – pad ( four pads ) - GEI 41018
none equaling
Gear Box
Accessory And Reduction
‫ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ‬
GE10
GEAR RATED POWER = 15000 KW
RATED INPUT SPEED = 10997 RPM
RATED OUTPUT SPEED = 1500 RPM
TOTAL WEIGHT = 7140 KG (WITHOUT OIL)
Accessory Drive Gear Box Accessory Drive Gear Box

For Double Shaft Turbine ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬
* The Accessory Drive Gear Located At The ( ‫* ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺮوس اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ) ﻃﺮف‬
‫اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
Compressor End Of The Gas Turbine.
* It Is A Gearing Assembly Coupled Directly (‫* وهﻮ ﺟﺰء ﺗﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﻘﺮون ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة )ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ آﻮﺑﻠﻦ ﻣﺮن‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺪوار ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Through A Flexible Coupling To The Turbine Rotor
* Its Function Is To Drive Each Gas Turbine ‫* وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ إدارة ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات آﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ وﻟﻜﻰ‬
‫ﻻ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺒﺪء اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻬﺎ‬
ً ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻞ أو‬
Accessory At Its Proper Speed And To Connect And
Disconnect The Turbine From Its Starting Device.
* In Addition It Contains The Turbine Over ‫* وأﻳﻀًﺎ هﻮ ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻤﺎر اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺠﺎوز اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
( OVER SPEED TRIP BOLT )
Speed Trip Bolt And Mechanism.
* Also , The Accessory Gear Box Contains ‫* ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أﻳﻀًﺎ داﺧﻞ هﺬا اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺗﻌﻄ ﻰ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻀ ﺎت‬
The Gear Trains Which Provide The Proper ‫اﻟﺘ ﺮوس اﻟﺼ ﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﺗ ﺪﻳﺮ اﻷﺟﻬ ﺰة اﻹﺿ ﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ‬
Gear Reductions To Drive The Accessory ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
Devices At The Required Speed , With The
Correct Torque Values.
* The Starting Clutch Assembly Is Mounted ‫* آﻼﺗ ﺶ اﻟﺒ ﺪء ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮع )ﻣﺮآ ﺐ( أﻣ ﺎ ًم اﻟﻮﺻ ﻠﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻌﻤ ﻮد‬
Forward On The Horizontal Joint Of The Main ‫اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
Gear Shaft And Is Used To Connect The
Starting Device To The Gas Turbine.
* Accessories Driven By The Gear Include:- _: ‫* اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﻤﺪارة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺮوس ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
1 – Main Lube Oil Pump.
2 – Main Hydraulic Pump. ‫ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬-١
‫ – ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬٢
3 – Liquid Fuel Pump
* Lubrication Of The Gear Is From The ‫ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬- ٣
Turbine's Pressured Bearing Header Supply ‫ﺗﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﺘﺮوس ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺗﺰﻳﻴﺖ آﺮﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط‬ #
A High Pressure Turbine Over Speed

Trip Capable Of Mechanically Dumping ‫ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ‬Over speed ‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬HP ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
The Oil In The Trip Circuits ‫إﺧﻤﺎد )ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ( اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻰ داﺋﺮة اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴ ًﺎ‬
* This Mechanism Is Installed On The External ‫( ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮع‬over speed mechanism ) ‫* ه ﺬا اﻟﻤﻴﻜ ﺎﻧﻴﺰم‬
Casing Of Gear Box .‫)ﻣﺮآﺐ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﺼﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس‬
* This Device Can Shut The Turbine Down (‫ه ﺬا اﻟﺠﻬ ﺎز ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ان ﻳﻮﻗ ﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺠ ﺎوز )ﺗ ﺰداد‬ *
When The Speed Exceeds The Design Speed. ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺼ ﻤﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ أى إذا وﺻ ﻠﺖ‬
( 112 % rpm ). ‫( وﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﺖ أﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴًﺎ‬%١١٢ ) ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
* With The Exception Of The Lube Oil Pump ‫* ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻀﺨﺔ زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ وﻋﻤ ﻮد ﻣﻀ ﺨﺔ‬
Shaft, And The Hydraulic Supply Pump Shaft, ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﻟﻚ ﻓ ﺈن ﺟﻤﻴ ﻊ ﺧﻄ ﻮط ﺗﻨﺼ ﻴﻒ اﻷﻋﻤ ﺪة ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮﻋﺔ‬
All The Shaft Centerlines Are Located On The (‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﻼف اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ)اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ‬
Horizontal Joint Of The Accessory Drive Casing.
* All Of The Shaft Are Connected Together By ‫آﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﻣﺘﺼ ﻠﺔ ﻣﻌ ًﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ )ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ( ﺗ ﺮوس ﻣﺴ ﻨﻨﺎت‬ *
Single Helical Gears With Are Shrunk To The ‫ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺮدة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻘﻠﺺ )ﺗﻨﻜﻤﺶ( ﻣ ﻊ )إﻟ ﻰ( اﻷﻋﻤ ﺪة ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬
Shafts After The Teeth Are Cut. ‫أن ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
* The Main Lubricating Oil Pump Is Located ‫ﻣﻀ ﺨﺔ زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺠ ﺪار‬ *
On The Inboard Wall Of The Lower-Half ‫ ﻟﻐ ﻼف اﻟﻨﺼ ﻒ اﻟﺴ ﻔﻠﻰ ﻟﺼ ﻨﺪوق‬Inboard Wall ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ‬
Casing Of The Accessory Drive Gear And Is .‫اﻟﺘﺮوس‬
Described In The Lubrication System Section.
* A Starting Clutch Assembly Is Located At ‫ﺟﺰء آﻼﺗﺶ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬ *
The Outboard End Of The Main Gear Shaft On
Steel- Backed ‫ ( ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻲ‬Outboard End )
The Horizontal Joint Of The Casing, And Is
Used To Connect The Starting Device To The ‫ﻟﺼ ﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘ ﺮوس ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻮﺻ ﻠﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴ ﺔ وﻳﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﻴﻞ‬
Gas Turbine Input Shaft. ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* The Clutch Automatically Become ‫اﻟﻜﻼﺗﺶ ﻳﻔﻚ اﻟﺘﻌﺸﻴﻖ أﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ‬ *
disengaged When the Gas Turbine Reaches a ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺪور ﺑﻤﻔﺮدهﺎ‬
Speed at Which It Is Self-Sustaining.

Coupling Coupling
* The Basic Functions Of The Flexible Gear-Type ‫* اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺒﺎﻟﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ هﻰ‬
Couplings Used On This Turbine Are To:
1- Connect Two Rotating Shafts In Order To ‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ داﺋﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻜﻰ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪهﻤﺎ إﻟﻰ‬-١
Transmit Torque From One To The Other. ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬
( ‫ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة ) اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬-٢
2 – Compensate For All Types Of Misalignment
{ ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬-‫} ﺗﻮازى – زاوي‬
(Parallel, Angular, & A Combination Of Both).
‫ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻷي ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻮري ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻﺗﻈﻬﺮ دﻓﻊ زاﺋﺪ‬-٣
3 – Compensate Any Axial Movement For Any Shaft
‫ﻋﻠﻰاﻵﺧﺮ‬
* Types Of Misalignment: -: ‫أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‬

Parallel Misalignment
Parallel Misalignment
* It Happens When The Two Shafts Are Parallel, ‫ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﻴﻦ وﻟﻜﻦ‬-
But They Are Not In The Same Straight Line. .‫ﻟﻴﺴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
Angular Misalignment
Angular Misalignment
* It Happens When The Two Shafts Are In The Same ‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ وﻟﻜﻦ‬-
Straight Line But Their Centerlines Are Not Parallel. ‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﺗﻨﺼﻴﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮازﻧﺔ‬
* Combined Misalignment: Compound Misalignment

* It Occurs When The Shafts Are Neither Parallel ‫ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن أﺣﺪ أو آﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ ﻣﺰاح‬ -
Nor In Displaced Along Their Axes (Centerline) Their Axis ( (‫)ﻣﺜﻘﻮل(ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺤﺎور )ﺧﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬
Centerline )
The Couplings Used In The Turbine Are To
-:‫ ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻰ‬Couplings ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺒﺎﻟﻦ‬
1 – Connect The Accessory Drive Gear With
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬-١
The Turbine Shaft.
(Load Equipment ) ‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬-٢
2 – Connect The Turbine Shaft With The Load
Equipment.
‫‪Types of Misalignment‬‬
‫‪Offset‬‬
‫‪Angular‬‬
‫‪Both‬‬

Accessory Gear Coupling Accessory Gear Coupling

* This Coupling Is Continuously Lubricated ‫* هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ )اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ( ذات ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﺮن ﻟﻠﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
Flexible Gear –Type.

* It Employs a Hub of Male Teeth Fitted at ‫* وهﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﺮوز )ﻧﺘﻮء( ذآﺮ )ﻣﺬآﺮ( ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ آﻞ‬
Each End of A distance Piece. ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ )ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ( إزاﺣﺔ‬
* The Teeth Mesh With The Female Ones Of ‫* اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺑﻚ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺟﺰء ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ آﻞ‬
A Sleeve At Each End To Transmit Torque. ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻰ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﺰم‬
* The Male Teeth Are Crowned And Can Be Slide ‫* اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺬآﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺗﺎج )ﻃﺮﺑﻮش( وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﺰﻟﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ‬
Fore And Aft Within The Female Splint, This ‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷﻧﺜﻮى وهﺬا ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻸﻧﻮاع اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻹﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬
Allows For All Three Types Of Misalignment.
* The Sleeve At The Accessory Gear End Is ‫اﻟﺠﻠﺒﺔ )اﻟﺠﺰء( اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ *
Bolted To A Flange (Hub) Which Has Been ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻤﺴﻤﺎر ﻓﻰ ﻓﻼﻧﺸﺔ )ﻓﻰ ﺑﺮوز( واﻟﺬى ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﻜﻤﺶ‬
Shrink-Fitted And Keyed To The Accessory Gear ‫وﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻌﻤﻮد ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
Shaft.
* Te Sleeve At The Turbine End Is Bolted ‫* اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ رﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺑﻌﻤﻮد‬
Directly To The Turbine shaft. .‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
............................................................. .............................................................
Load Coupling Load Coupling

* This Coupling Connects Between Load Gearbox ‫* هﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ ﻳﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ وﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس‬
And Generator.
* It Is Also A Continuously Lubricated By A Gear ‫* هﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﺰﻳﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺳﻰ‬
Type Lubricated Device.
* It Has The Same General Design As The ‫* وهﻰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ آﻮﺑﻠﻦ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬
Accessory Gear Coupling.
* The Male Teeth Are Machined Into The Distance ‫• اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺬآﺮة ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ )ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ( اﻹزاﺣﺔ‬
Piece. Also, The Sleeves Are Bolted Directly Into ‫أﻳﻀًﺎ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻵﻟﺔ‬
The Turbine Shaft Of The Lad Equipment. -----------‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
Coupling Coupling
For Single Shaft For Single Shaft
* In This Turbine Type, The Coupling ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع وﺻﻼت ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬Couplings ‫* ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
Is Diaphragm Type. Diaphragm Joints

* It Has Several Advantages In ‫* وهﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻤﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮع‬
Comparison To The Dog Clutches:
Dog Clutches ‫اﻟـ‬
1 - In Particular As To The Elimination
‫ وﺧﺼﻮﺻًﺎ ﻓﺼﻞ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬-١
Of The Lubrication Process.
2 – Removed The Speed Sliding

‫ واﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬-٢
Problem. And Friction Coefficient
‫واﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
With Related Axial Pressure Which
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮري اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣًﺎ ﺑﺮد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺮن ﻟﻠﻐﺸﺎء‬
Is Limited By The Elastic Reaction
. ‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺤﻮري‬
Of The Diaphragm In The Axial
Direction.
* In This Way We Can Solve The Un-Alignments ‫* ﺑﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟـ‬
Problem Of Un-Alignments.
* Here Below Are The Typical Diaphragm -: ‫< وﻳﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻐﺸﺎء ﻟﻺﺟﻬﺎدات اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬--
Stresses:
1 – Axial Stress, During The Temporary ‫ إﺟﻬﺎد ﻣﺤﻮري وذﻟﻚ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻷﻃﻮار اﻟﻄﺎرﺋﺔ‬-١
Phases Of Axial Expansion Of The Turbine. . ‫)اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ( ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﻤﺤﻮري ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
2 – Torsion Stress, With Regard To The ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻲ اﻟﺰوج اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل‬Torsion ‫ إﺟﻬﺎد ﻟﻲ‬-٢
Transmitted Couple.
3 – Centrifugal Stress, Caused By Rotation. ‫ إﺟﻬﺎد ﻣﺮآﺰي اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪوران‬-٣
4 – Thermal Stress, Due To Possible Thermal ‫ إﺟﻬﺎد ﺣﺮاري ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬- ٤
Gradients Along The Diaphragm Radial Directrix. ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﻮل ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻐﺸﺎء‬
5 – Alternated Stress, Caused By The Angular

And Radial Un-Alignment
‫ إﺟﻬ ﺎد ﻣﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻧ ﺎﺗﺞ ﻋ ﻦ ﻋ ﺪم اﻟﻤﺤ ﺎذاة اﻟﺰاوﻳ ﺔ‬-٥
.‫واﻟﻘﻄﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟـﺒــﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
‫‪Chapter Four‬‬

‫‪Chapter 4‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫‪Generator‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫‪* What Is The Generator ……………..….‬‬ ‫‪ * o‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ‪.................‬‬
‫‪* Generator Components………….‬‬ ‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫…………………………………… ‪* Rotor‬‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫‪ * o‬اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪوار‬
‫…………………………………… ‪* Stator‬‬ ‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫‪ * o‬اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪* Generator Types……….…….‬‬ ‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪* Salient Poles ………………….………..‬‬ ‫‪...................‬‬ ‫‪ * o‬ذو أﻗﻄﺎب ﺑﺎرزة‬
‫……………‪* Cylindrical Rotor ………….‬‬ ‫‪ * o‬ﻣﻮﻟﺪات اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪوار ‪.......‬‬
‫اﻹﺛﺎرة( ‪........‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻬﻴﻴﺞ )‬ ‫‪o‬‬

‫……………………………… ‪* Excitation‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫… ‪* ( PMG ) Permanent Magnetic Generator‬‬ ‫‪ * o‬ﻣﻮﻟﺪ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ ‪..............‬‬
‫…… ‪* ( AVR )Automatic Voltage Regulator‬‬ ‫‪ * o‬ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻷﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ ‪...............‬‬
‫……………………………… ‪* Main Exciter‬‬ ‫‪.........................‬‬ ‫‪ * o‬اﻟﻤﻬﻴﺞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ‬
‫*‬ ‫……‪Description……………..……..‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪............‬‬ ‫*‬
‫*‬ ‫‪Components………………..……..‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪.................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫*‬ ‫……‪Generator Bearings……..‬‬ ‫آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ‪............‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪* Notes About Disassembling And Assembling‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻮات ﻓﻚ وﺗﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‪......‬‬ ‫*‬

GENERATOR ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬
Generator: : ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬
It Is The Machine Which Convert The
‫هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻵﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
Mechanical Energy To Electrical Energy.
.‫اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
It Consists Of: :‫ﻳﺘﺮآﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
ROTOR:
(Rotor) :‫*ﻋﻀﻮ دوار‬
The Rotor Consists Of Slots Contain Isolated
Windings (FIG. 1-3), To Form A Permanent Poles ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن هﺬا اﻟﻌﻀﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻣﻌﺰوﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
Which Fed From DC Current Supply, ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﻗﻄﺎب داﺋﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺗﻴﺎر‬، (٣-١)
Usually, The Supply Of DC Current Is Small ‫ وﻋﺎدة ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
Generator Which Its Ac Currents Started By
‫إﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺮش‬، ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺗﻴﺎرﻩ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد‬،‫أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ‬
Using Brushes ( Then It Is Called Brush
‫( أو ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬Brush excitation) ‫وﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
Excitation), Or By Using Dc Shunt Generator, Or
‫أو ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﻨﻄﺮة‬، (Dc shunt generator)
By Using Diodes ( Then It Is Called Brushless
Excitation), (Brushless excitation ) ‫(وﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬Diodes)
The Aim Is Formation Rotating Magnetic Field .‫و اﻟﻬﺪف هﻮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ دوار‬
(٣-١ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ (٣-٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
Stator: ( Stator) :‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

It Also Called The Armiture,There Are Slots On Its ‫ وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺤﻪ‬، ‫وﻳﺴﻤﻰ أﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
Surface Containing Isolated Windings Which Form ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ أﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﻌﻀﻮ‬، ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻣﻌﺰوﻟﺔ‬
The Stator Poles , And It Is 3 Phase Shape Which (3 ‫ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻠﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺛﻼث ﻓﺎزات‬، ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
Excite EMF Because There Is A Magnetic Field ‫ﺗﺤﺚ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻗﻮة داﻓﻌﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬phases)
Produced From Rotor Passes Around It ( FIG 3 – 2) .(٣-٢) ‫ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬Rotor ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﺪوار اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺊ ﻋﻦ‬
Generator types: :‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬
It Divided To Two Main Types According To
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات إﻟﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
The Rotor Poles Shape:
:‫أﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪوار‬
1 - Salient poles: (Salient poles) :‫ أﻗﻄﺎب ﺑﺎرزة‬-١
This Type Is Used With The Generator Of More
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ذات اﻷآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أرﺑﻊ أﻗﻄﺎب‬
Than 4 Poles, And Of Low Speed , Where The
‫ﺣﻴﺚ إن اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ﻳﻜﻮن‬،‫وذات اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬
Diameter Of These Generators Is Long And The
Axial Length Is Short To Avoid The Centrifugal ‫واﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮري ﻗﺼﻴﺮ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎآﻞ اﻟﻄﺮد‬،‫آﺒﻴﺮ‬
Force Problems And To Keep The Same Flow .‫آﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي‬
Quantity For Each Pole.
2 - Cylindrical rotor ‫ ﻣﻮﻟﺪات اﺳﻄﻮا ﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪوار‬-٢

It Is Used With High Speed Generators And Less ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺪوارة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ذات‬
Poles ( 2 : 4 ) Poles, And Its Axe Is Long And Its ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﺄن‬،‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ؛ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ أرﺑﻌﺔ‬
Diameter Is Short To Resist The Centrifugal Force
‫ﻣﺤﻮرهﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ وﻗﻄﺮهﺎ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮى اﻟﻄﺮد‬
Due To High Speed, And The Length Of The Axe
‫وزﻳﺎدة ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬، ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
To Obtain The Calculate Required Flow Rate
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ‬
Excitation System : ( Excitation ) (‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻬﻴﻴﺞ )اﻹﺛﺎرة‬

* Permanent Magnetic Generator
. (PMG) ‫• ﻣﻮﻟﺪ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬
* Automatic Voltage Regulator . (AVR) ‫• ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻷوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
* Maine Exciter (Main Exciter). ‫• اﻟﻤﻬﻴﺞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
Permanent Magnetic Poles : (PMG) ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬

*It Consists Of Permanent Magnetic Poles To ‫ وذﻟﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل‬، ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ أﻗﻄﺎب ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ داﺋﻤﺔ‬
Produce Rotating Magnetic Field, And It Has 4 Poles ٠٫٤ ‫ ﻣﻘﺪارﻩ‬Pf ‫ وﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ‬، ‫ وﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻗﻄﺎب‬،‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴﻲ دوار‬
And It Has A Power Factor Of 0.4 ‫ ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت وهﻮ ﻣﻠﻔﻮف‬: ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
The Stator Consists Of Slots Contain Windings And It (AC) ‫(ﻟﻴﻌﻄﻲ ﺗﻴﺎرا ﻣﺘﺮددا‬One phase ) ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﺎز واﺣﺪ‬
Is Turned As One Phase To Produce Ac Current And
This Current Goes To AVR Circuit
.(AVR)‫وﻳﺬهﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺘﻴﺎر إﻟﻰ داﺋﺮة أﻟـ‬،
* Automatic Voltage Regulator : (AVR) ‫داﺋ ﺮة ﻣ ﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴ ﺔ اﻷوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ‬

* This Part Consists Of Electronic Boards Which ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺤﻮي هﺬﻩ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬، ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ هﺬا اﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺎت إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
Contain Bridges To Rectifier The Current And ‫ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻴﺎر ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬AC ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻨﺎﻃﺮ ﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر وﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺮدد‬
Convert It To Dc , Where There Are Two Bridges,
‫اﻷوﻟ ﻰ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ ﻲ ﺑ ﺪء ﺗﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ‬،‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﻮﺟ ﺪ ﻗﻨﻄﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬،(DC)
The First One Is Used To Start The Unit , And We
Control It Manually, The Second Bridge Is Used ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﻨﻄﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ ﻓﻴ ﺘﻢ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬، ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺪوﻳﺎ‬
When The Volt Reach To The Rated Value ( 12.7 ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬، (KV 12.7) ‫ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻳﺘﻢ رﻓ ﻊ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ إﻟ ﻰ‬
KV)., There A Balance Performed Between The Two ‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﻋﻤ ﻞ ﻣﻮازﻧ ﺔ ﺑ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﻄ ﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﻳ ﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳ ﻞ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻘﻨﻄ ﺮة‬
Bridges, Then Transferring To The Automatic Bridge
‫اﻷوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺮﻓ ﻊ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻲ إﻟ ﻰ‬
Which Raises The Rated Voltage Of Main Generator
To 12.7KV .(KV 12.7)(Rated voltage)
* Also, There Is A Motor In The AVR Circuit To ‫(ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ ﺮ‬motor) ‫ ﻣﺤ ﺮك‬AVR ‫* ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ أﻳﻀ ﺎ ﻓ ﻲ دارة أل‬
Change A Resistance Value To 4 KΩ , And To ‫ ﺣﻴ ﺚ إن ه ﺬا اﻟﻤﺤ ﺮك ﻳﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳ ﺪ‬kΩ 4 ‫ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺪارهﺎ‬
Define The Reference Point For AVR .‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴﺔ اﻷوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﻔ ﺎظ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ‬
* AVR Sense The Terminal Voltage For Generator
‫(اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬AVR) ‫* ﻳﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ أل‬
Through Cross Current Compensator , This Leads To
‫( ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ ه ﺬا ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ‬Cross current compensator )
Compare The Terminal Volt Of Generator Which The
Setter Motor Is Adjusted, If There Is A Drop In The (Setter motor) ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺿ ﻮع ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ أل‬
Terminal Voltage Of Generator, The Crosscurrent Cross ‫ﺣﻴﺚ إذا ﺣﺼﻞ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﻓ ﺈن ال‬،
Compensator Will Give A Signal To The Thirstier To (Thirstier) ‫( ﻳﻌﻄ ﻲ إﺷ ﺎرة ﻟ ﻞ‬current compensator)
Increase The Pass Angle Of Thirstier To Increase ‫(وذﻟ ﻚ‬Thirstier) ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﻟ ﻞ‬
The Exciter Current Which Come From PMG To ‫وذﻟ ﻚ ﻟﺘﻌ ﻮﻳﺾ‬PMG ‫ﻟﺰﻳ ﺎدة ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ﺗﻴ ﺎر اﻟﺘﻬﻴ ﻴﺞ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ أل‬
Compensate The Decrease Of Main Generator .‫اﻟ ﻨﻘﺺ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻲ واﻟﻌﻜ ﺲ ﺻ ﺤﻴﺢ‬
Voltage And Vies Versa, Where The Cross Current
Feed ‫( ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ آ ـ‬Cross current compensator) ‫إذا أل‬
Compensator Make As Feed Back For AVR, Then
Main exciter‫ و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ دارة أل‬AVR ‫ﻟﻞ‬Back
Feed The Main Exciter Circuit
Main Exciter : (Main Exciter) ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻴﺞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬

It Is A Generator Has A Higher Power Than The PMG ‫وهﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ذو ﻗﺪرة أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪرة أل‬
PMG.
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ‬AVR ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻘﺎدم ﻣﻦ أل‬
The Stator Is Feeded With Current Which Comes
From AVR, There Is An Alternative EMF ( AC ‫( ﻣﺘﺮددة ﻳﺘﻢ‬Rotor ) ‫ﻗﻮة داﻓﻌﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪوار‬
)Produced Inside rotor , this EMF Is Converted ‫( و‬Brushes) ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻴﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ إﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺮاش‬
To DC By Using Brushes, And This System Is
(Rotor) ‫( وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ أل‬Brush exciter) ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
Called Brush Exciter, Then The Rotor Feeds The
Main Generator To Produce Rotating Magnetic ‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬، ‫ وذﻟﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ دوار‬، ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
Field Which Excite An EMF For The Stator Of ‫(ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬Stator) ‫ﺖ‬
ٍ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺚ ﻗﻮة داﻓﻌﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑ‬
Main Generator, Then There Is A Terminal
‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻮﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻃﺮاف اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
Voltage On Generator Terminals ( Fig ( 3 – 3 )
(٣-٣)
-
GENERATOR ‫اﻟـــﻤـــﻮﻟـــﺪ‬
* The Generator Type Is Three Phases ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﻮﻋﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ – ﺗﺰاﻣﻨﻲ – ذو‬ •
Synchronous – Excitation – Brushless And Has ‫) ﻣﺜﻴ ﺮ ( ﻣﻐ ﺬي ﺑ ﺪون ﻓ ﺮش وذو ﻧﻈ ﺎم ﺗﺤﻜ ﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳ ﺔ رﻗﻤ ﻲ‬
Digital Excitation Control System-Heavy Duty . ‫– ذو ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة وﻣﺮآﺐ أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ‬
And It Is Installed Horizontally
* It Consists Of Stator And Rotor ‫ ( وﺟﺰء ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬STATOR ) ‫• ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
( ROTOR ) ( ‫) دوار‬
* It Called By Cooled Fans Installed Above
‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ ﻣ ﺮاوح ﺗﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮﻋﺔ ﻓ ﻮق‬ •
The Generator
.............. ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬
* It Is Fixed Through Bearings Which
‫• اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺜﺒ ﺖ ﺑﻜﺮاﺳ ﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻴ ﻞ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳ ﺪهﺎ ﺑﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻳ ﺪور ﺑﻘ ﻮة‬
Cooled By Forced Oil
‫إﺟﺒﺎرﻳﺔ‬
...................................................................... ..............................................................................
BEARINGS Bearings ‫آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
* Generator Provided With Bearings Which ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ ﻣ ﺰود ﺑﻜﺮاﺳ ﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻴ ﻞ ذات ﻧﻈ ﺎم ﺗﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ‬
Include Hydro Static Oil To Raise The Rotor
‫هﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
And Cool It.
* Bearings Is Found In Casing With 2 Halfs ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﺳ ﻲ ﻣﻮﺟ ﻮدة ﻓ ﻲ ﻏ ﻼف ذو ﻧﺼ ﻔﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ ﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻼف اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﻲ‬
* These Bearings Can Be Removed Through ( Cap ) ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬ <-
Remove The Cap
* Bearing Consists Of Two Halves In Order To
‫واﻟﻜﺮﺳ ﻲ ﻣﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ﻧﺼ ﻔﻴﻦ ﺑﺤﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺧﻠﻌ ﻪ‬ <-
Capable Of Remove It Easley With Out Moving
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر‬
The Rotor
‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺿ ﺦ زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ إﻟ ﻲ ﻓﻼﻧﺸ ﺎت ﻣ ﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻜﺮﺳ ﻲ‬ <-
* The Lube Oil Is Flushed To Inlet Flanges Of
bearing Through Hydrostatic Oil Through
‫ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﻧﻈ ﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ هﻴﺪروﺳ ﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ‬
Electric Oil Pump Installed At The Left Side ‫ﻣﻀ ﺨﺔ زﻳ ﺖ آﻬﺮﺑﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻮﺟ ﻮدة ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻟﺠﺎﻧ ﺐ اﻷﻳﺴ ﺮ‬
Of Generator Frame Or The Oil Is Flushed ‫ﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ) اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ( اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ أو ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺿ ﺦ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼل‬
Through The Main Lube Oil System ‫داﺋﺮة زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
* We Insure That The Oil Is Entered Along The ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﻤﺎن دﺧﻮل وﻣﺮور اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر‬ <--
Rotor Shaft Through Suitable Seals And Covers. .‫وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻮازل وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻏﻄﺎءات ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
Generator Specification ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬

RATED POWER Æ 1250 KVA = 10.625 KW
1250 KVA = 10.625 KW ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻨﺔ‬
RATED VOLTAGE Æ 10.5 KV +- 5 % 10.5 KV +- 5 % ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬
FREQUENCY Æ 50 +- 2 % 50 +- 2 % ‫اﻟﺘﺮدد‬
RATED SPEED Æ 1500 RPM 1500 RPM ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻨﺔ‬
OVER SPEED Æ 1800 RPM 1800 RPM ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻼ زم‬
BEARING TYPE Æ SLEEVE SLEEVE ‫ﻧﻮع آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬

RATED CURRENT Æ 687 A 687 A ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬
.......................................................................... .............................................................................
Exciter Exciter (‫اﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮ )اﻟﻤﻐﺬى‬

It Is A small Generator Consists Of Rotor And ‫* هﻮ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ذو ﻋﻀﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ وﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
Stator Which We Can Through It Excite The
Main Generator With Direct Current Which ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬،‫ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
Control The Value Of Result Magnetic Field , ‫ﻓﻰ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
And Hence In The Voltage , And The Exciter
Takes Its Excitation From The Output .‫وﻳﺘﻐﺬى اﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮج ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻷﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ‬
Automatic Voltage Regulator
Automatic Voltage Regulator (A.V.R ) ‫( ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻷﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ‬AVR)
* It Control The Out Put Voltage Of The

‫* وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
Generator Through Controlling The Field
Current And It Compares Between The ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺠﺎل وهﻮ ﻳﻘﺎرن ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
Requested Field Current And The Existing
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب وﺗﻴﺎر اﻹﺛﺎرة اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد وﻳﻀﺨﻢ إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
Excitation Current Then Amplify The Control
Signal To Give It The Enough Power To Control ‫ﻹﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮ‬
The Exciter.
Relation Between Generator, Avr ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ و‬

& Exciter AVR ‫ و‬EXCITER ‫ال‬
* Example If The Out Put Of The Generator Less
‫ وذﻟﻚ‬.‫ف‬.‫ ( ك‬١٠،٥ ) ‫اذا آﺎن ﺧﺮج اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
Than 10.5 V , And This Is In Case Of Increasing
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻼ وﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ‬
The Load And Hence The Generator In This Case
Need To Compensate This Drop In The Voltage
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
And This Happen By Sending A Signal To ‫وﻳﺤﺪث ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ إرﺳﺎل أﺷﺎرة اﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬
Automatic Voltage Regulator To Feed The ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻷﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
Exciter, So Generating A Magnetic Field On It, ‫ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻴﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻦ ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬
Then It Inject A Direct Current In Generator Coils,
.....‫ﺑﺘﻴﺎر ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ( ﻓﻴﺰداد ﺧﺮج اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ وهﻜﺬا‬
So The Generator Output Increases ….Etc.
‫ﺻﻮرة ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬

‫اﻟــﻤــﻮﻟــﺪ‬
‫‪Generator‬‬

‫ﺻﻮرة ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺎآﻴﻨﺔ دﻳﺰل‬
‫‪BEARING‬‬ ‫‪COOLING‬‬ ‫‪Stator winding‬‬ ‫‪POLES‬‬ ‫‪ROTOR WINDINGS‬‬

‫‪FAN‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻏﺎزﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬

Notes About Disassemblyand ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻙ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ‬

Assembly Of Generator (ANSALDO ) Generator Ansaldo
1 -Cleaning The Stator By Chemical ( CRC ) , ‫ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ‬CRC ‫ ﺒﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺌﻰ‬Stator ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻟـ‬-1
And We Can Perform Another Cleaning With ‫ﻴﻜﻥ ﺠﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﻜﻴﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ‬
Another Chemical (Electro Cleaner Fast Star). ( Electro Cleaner Fast Star ) ‫ﻫﻭ‬
2 – Inspection The Insulation Of The Stator , And I ‫ ﻭﻫﻰ‬Stator ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟـ‬ -٢
Is Fabricated From Bakelite , Then Determining .‫ﻤﺼﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻜﺎﻻﻴﺕ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻑ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
The Damage Parts.
Notes :
-: ‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ‬
Limits To Full Change = 40 % Damage ‫ ﺘﺎﻟﻑ‬% ٤٠ = ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬
3 – Cleaning All Mechanical Parts Such As ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻜﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل‬ -٣
(Bearings, Air Ducts , Rotor And Stator Parts ). Rotor ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺴـﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﺠـﺯﺍﺀ ﺃل‬, Bearing)
( stator ‫ﻭﺍﻟـ‬
4 – Installation New Gaskets For Air Ducts. ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ -٤
5 – Inspecting Bearings . Bearings ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟـ‬ -٥
6 – Installing Turbine Side Flanges. ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻔﻼﻨﺸﺎﺕ ( ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬ -٦
7 – Disassembling All Labyrinths To Two Halves. ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻙ ﺍﻟﻼﺒﻴﺭﺍﻨﺙ )ﻋﺎﺯل( ﻜﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﺼﻔﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻭﻱ ﻭﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ -٧
8 – Installing All Labyrinths On Bearings On ‫ ﻓـﻰ‬Bearings‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻼﺒﺭﺍﻨﺙ ﻭﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍل‬ -٨
Two Sides. ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺘﻴﻥ‬
9 – Installing Each Labyrinth Cover ( There Are ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻏﻁﺎﺀ ﻜل ﻻﺒﻴﺭﺍﻨﺙ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻜـل ﻏﻁـﺎﺀ‬-٩
Three Pins Fixed In Three Holes Of Three
‫ ﺒﻨﻭﺯ ﻴﺠـﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴـﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﻴﺘﻴﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤـﺎﺕ‬٣ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬
Labyrinth ). ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻅﺭﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻜل ﻻﺒﻴﺭﻨﺙ‬
10 – Transfer Beside The Turbine. ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺘﻭﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬-١٠
11 – Used A Devise To Catch The Rotor From ‫ ﻭﻴـﺘﻡ‬Load Gear Box ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﻬﺔ‬-١١
Load Gear Box Side, And Used ( Bar & Polaris ( Bar + Polaris ) ‫ﺍﺴــــــﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍل‬
) From Excitation Side. Excitation ‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍل‬
12 – Assembling The Rotor Gradually Until ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺘﻭﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻡ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻟﻔﻼﻨﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ -١٢
Disconnect The Third Flange.
13 – Disconnect The Bar From The Crane. ‫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻨﺵ‬Bar‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺼل ﺇل‬-١٣
14 – Assembling The Cover Of Turbine Side ‫ ﻭﻫـﻭ‬Turbine ‫ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺠﻬـﺔ ﺍل‬Cover ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﺍل‬-١٤
Which Put In The Front Of The Fan.
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬
15 – Installing The Polar Again On The Crane ‫ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻨﺵ ﻭﻴـﺘﻡ ﻀـﺒﻁ‬Polar ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺍل‬-١٥
, Then Adjust The Rotor , Then Fixed It . ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺘﻭﺭ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺠﻴﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺠﻬـﺔ ﺍل‬
Excitation ‫ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺍل‬Turbine

16 – Installing Two Polaris , And Fixed It On ‫ ﻭﺘﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺼـﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘـﺭﻭﺱ‬Polar ٢ ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ‬-١٦
The Load Gear Box ( One In Each Side ),
‫ ﻓـﻰ‬Coupling ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻰ ﻜل ﺠﻬﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻀﺒﻁ ﻁﺭﻓﻰ ﺍل‬
Then Adjust The Two Ends Of The Coupling.
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ‬
17 – Installing The Lower Half Of Bearing ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟـ‬ bearings‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻟﻠـ‬-١٧
And Its Cover From Excitation Side. ‫ ﺍﻟـﺫﻯ ﺠﻬـﺔ ﺍﻟــ‬Cover ‫ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟـ‬exciter
exciter
18 – Installing The Blake Sealing ( O Ring ) ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ ﻓﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻪ‬Sealing ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟـ‬-١٨
On Its Position On Labyrinth.
O Ring ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻼﺒﺭﺍﻨﺙ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل‬
19 – Tightened The Two Plastic Covers Over Fans. ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬-١٩
20 – Tightened The Cover Of Turbine Side. ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬-٢٠
21 – Installing Outside Labyrinth For Each ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻼﺒﻴﺭﺍﻨﺙ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻓﻰ ﻜل ﺠﻬﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬-٢١
‫ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ‬Casing ‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﺯﺃﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟـ‬
Side Which Consists Of Two Parts, Then Put
‫( ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬O Ring ) ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺩﻴل ﻟل‬
Seal On It.
‫ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻰ‬Casing ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
22 – Alignment Coupling Flanges . ‫ ﻟﻔﻼﻨﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺒﻠﻥ‬Alignment ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل‬-٢٢
NOTE : -:‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ‬
* The Flange Of Turbine Side Should ‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﻨﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨـﺔ‬ *
Be Lower Than Generator Side ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﻨﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﺩ‬
By 0.17 MM.
0.17mm ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬
23 – Installing Oil Pipes ( Source And ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻭﺼﻼﺕ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻴـﺕ ﻭﺘﺼـﺭﻴﻔﻪ‬ -٢٣
‫ (ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻜﻼ ﻤـﻥ‬Source And Drain )
Drain ) At Load Gear Box And
‫( ﻭﻋﻨـــﺩ‬Load Gear Box )‫ﺍﻟــــ‬
Excitation. ( Excitation )‫ﺍﻟـ‬
24 –Installing Instrument Devices Vib. ‫ ﻤﺜل‬Instrument ‫ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟـ‬- ٢٤
Such As Temp. Switches, VIB. Sensors

Sensor, Temp. Switches
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫‪Chapter 5‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫‪Operation‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫…‪* START UP PREQUATIONS ………….‬‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪...................‬‬
‫……… ‪* CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪...............‬‬
‫………… ‪* CHECKS DURING START UP‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات أﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪............‬‬ ‫◊‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ )اﻟﻜﺮاﻧﻚ – اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ –‬ ‫◊‬

‫– ‪* CHECKS DURING ( CRANKING‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع(‪........‬‬
‫…‪FIRING – ACCELERATION )….. …….‬‬
‫‪* HOW TURBINE WORKS ? …………..….‬‬ ‫آﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ؟ )أﺳﺲ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ(‪.......‬‬ ‫◊‬

Turbine Operation ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* Start Up Prequations : ‫ إﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت ﺑﺪء ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬-١
* There Are Several Checks Required ‫* هﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬهﺎ‬
To Start The Turbine Safety : : ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
1 – Insure Supply Fuel Pressure. .‫ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬-١
2 – Insure That The Manual Fuel Valve Is Opened. .‫ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ أن ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﻴﺪوي ﻣﻔﺘﻮح‬-٢
3 – Insure That All Connections Is Very Good ( – ‫ اﻟﺘﺄآ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﻼﻣﺔ واآﺘﻤ ﺎل اﻟﺘﻮﺻ ﻴﻼت ) ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ‬-٣
Mechanical , Electrical, & Instrument). .( ‫آﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ – أﺟﻬﺰة‬
4 – Check And Calibrate Instrument Devices. .‫ ﻓﺤﺺ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬-٤
5 – Check Air Inlets And Exhaust Outlets To ‫ ﻓﺤ ﺺ ﻣ ﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء وﻣﺨ ﺎرج اﻟﻌ ﺎدم ﻟﻠﺘﺄآ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺪم‬-٥
Insure That There Is Not Any Damages , And That ‫وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻔﻴﺎت أو ﻧﺴﻴﺎن أى ﻋﺪد أو أﺟﺰاء أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ أو‬
There Is Not Any Missing Tools During
.‫أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﺻﻼح أو أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﺮات‬
Installation Or During Inspection, Or Repairing.
6 – Insure That There Is Not Any Leakage ( Oil – Gas ). .( ‫ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺗﺴﺮب ) زﻳﺖ – ﻏﺎز‬-٦
7 – Insure That There Is Not Any Flammable Elements ‫ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أﻳﺔ ﺁﻻت أو ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ أو أﺟ ﺰاء ﻗﺎﺑﻠ ﺔ‬-٧
Or Bolts Causes Problems During Start Up. ‫ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺴ ﺒﺐ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺸ ﺎآﻞ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺑ ﺪء‬...... ‫ﻟﻼﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪Checks Prior To Operattion‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪* The Following Checks Should Be Performed Before‬‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻷﺗﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Operate A New Turbine Or Repaired Turbine.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة أو ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻢ اﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪* Assuming That The Turbine Was Successfully‬‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺮض أﻧﻪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬وهﻰ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Assembled And Alignment.‬‬
‫‪* It Should Be Operate The Aux. Lube Oil‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﺤﺺ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ‬
‫‪Pump, Then :‬‬ ‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة و )اﻟﺘﺄآﻴﺪ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – Insure That All Pipes And Connections Are‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺄآﺪ أن آﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ وﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎم‬
‫‪Correctly Fixed .‬‬
‫وأن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ )ﻣﻮﺣﺪة(‪.‬‬
‫‪2 – All Inlets And Outlets Are Cleaned , And All‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬أﻣﺎآﻦ )ﺣﻴﺰ( اﻟﺪﺧﻮل واﻟﻌﺎدم واﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫‪Common Pipes Have Not Any Strange Particles.‬‬
‫وﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ آﻞ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ وآﻞ اﻷﺑﻮب ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪3 – Insure That Oil And Air Filters Were Changed,‬‬

‫ﻓﻼﺗ ﺮ زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ أو ﻓﻼﺗ ﺮ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء أو اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد ﺗ ﻢ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫‪And All Caps Are Tightened Correctly.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮهﺎ واﻟﺘﺄآﺪ أن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻐﻄﺎءات ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ وﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪4 – Insure That Lube Oil Tank Level Is Suitable,‬‬ ‫‪ - ٤‬ﺗﺄآ ﺪ أن ﺧ ﺰان زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ داﺧ ﻞ )ﺿ ﻤﻦ(ﻣﺴ ﺘﻮى‬
‫‪And If The Tank Level Is Low , This Means That‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ وإذا آﺎن اﻟﺨ ﺰان ﻣﺼ ﻔﻰ )ﺟ ﺎف( ﻓﺈﻧ ﻪ ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬
‫‪We Should Be Add With Oil.‬‬ ‫إﻋ ﺎدة ﻣﻠ ﺆﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﻴ ﺔ واﻟﺠ ﻮدة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ زﻳ ﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪5 – Check All Aux. And Emergency Pumps Such‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻗ ﻢ ﺑﻔﺤ ﺺ )اﺧﺘﺒ ﺎر(اﻟﻤﻌ ﺪات اﻟﻤﺴ ﺎﻋﺪة واﻟﻄﺎرﺋ ﺔ ﻣﺜ ﻞ‬
‫ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺎت زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ …‪.‬اﻟ ﺦ ‪ ،‬اﺧﺘﺒ ﺮ ه ﻞ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ‬
‫‪As Lube Oil Pumps….,Check If There Is Any Leakage‬‬
‫ﺗﺴ ﺮﻳﺐ واﺿ ﺢ )ﻣﻠﺤ ﻮظ(‪ ،‬اهﺘ ﺰاز ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌ ﻰ أو‬
‫‪Or Vibration Or Noise Or Overheating…..‬‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺿﺎء أو ﺣﺮارة زاﺋﺪة……‬
‫‪6 – Check Lube Oil System For Leakage.‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬اﻓﺤﺺ )اﺧﺘﺒﺮ( ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮظ‪.‬‬
‫‪7 – Check All Thermocouples Conditions On‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒ ﺮ )اﻓﺤ ﺺ( ﻇ ﺮوف آ ﻞ اﻻزدواﺟ ﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳ ﺔ‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬
‫‪Gauge Panel , It Should Be Narrow From The‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاءة‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ ان ﺗﻜ ﻮن ﻗﺮﻳﺒ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ درﺟ ﺔ‬
‫‪Ambient Temperature.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫‪8 – Check Spark Plug.‬‬ ‫‪ -٨‬اﺧﺘﺒﺮ ) اﻓﺤﺺ ( ﻗﻮس ﺷﻤﻌﺎت اﻹﺷﻌﺎل ) ‪( Spark Plug‬‬

‫‪ATTENTION :‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪* Don't Test Spark Plug When There Is A‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗﺨﺘﺒ ﺮ ﺷ ﻤﻌﺎت اﻹﺷ ﻌﺎل ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﻣﻮﺟ ﻮد ه ﻮاء ﻗﺎﺑ ﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻧﻔﺠﺎر )ﻟﻸﺷﺘﻌﺎل(‬
‫‪Flammable Air Is Found.‬‬
‫‪* At This Time It Should Forbid The Ground.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺪ هﺬا اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﺈن ﻋﻴﻮب اﻷرﺿﻰ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫‪* It Is Recommended To Don't Operate The‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻌﺪم ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺣ ﺪات إذا ﺗ ﻢ اﻷﺷ ﺎرة إﻟ ﻰ ﻋﻴ ﺐ أرﺿ ﻰ‬
‫‪Turbine When A Ground Occurred , And We Must‬‬ ‫وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰم ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ آﻞ اﻷرﺿﻰ‬
‫‪Treatment This Ground.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Start Up Checks‬‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺘﺒﺎر )اﻟﻔﺤﺺ( أﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪* The Following List Shows The Important‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ )آﺸ ﻒ( ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺘﺒ ﺎرات اﻟﻤﻬﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Checks With Turbine Inspection.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﺻ ﻼح ) ﺻ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ ( ﺣﺪﻳﺜ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻣ ﻊ اﻷﻧ ﻮاع‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة‬
‫‪* When We Perform An Inspection , It Should Be‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻷﺟ ﺰاء أو‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Follow‬‬ ‫‪Carefully‬‬ ‫‪All‬‬ ‫‪Parts‬‬ ‫‪Which‬‬ ‫‪We‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺗ ﻢ ﺧﻠﻌﻬ ﺎ أو أﺧ ﺬت )ﻟﻠﻔﺤ ﺺ‬
‫واﻷﺻ ﻼح( ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ﻰ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺑﺪﻗ ﺔ أﺛﻨ ﺎء ﺑ ﺪء‬
‫‪Disassembled And Tested ( Checked ).‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪* This Inspection Includes ( Leakage , Vibration ,‬‬ ‫ه ﺬا اﻟﻔﺤ ﺺ ﻳﺸ ﻤﻞ ) اﻟﺘﺴ ﺮﻳﺐ ‪ -‬اﻻهﺘ ﺰاز ‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Noise, And Hot Oil ).‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ ‪ -‬زﻳﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ (‬
‫‪During Cranking :‬‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء ال ‪CRANCKING‬‬

‫‪* Hear To Any Noise Due To Friction Between‬‬
‫‪Turbine Parts ( You Can Use A Device If‬‬ ‫اﺳ ﺘﻤﻊ إﻟ ﻰ ﺻ ﻮت )ﺿﻮﺿ ﺎء( اﻻﺣﺘﻜ ﺎك ﻷﺟ ﺰاء اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Necessary ) , Then It Should Stop The Turbine‬‬ ‫)ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أى أﺟﻬﺰة ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺎع( و ﻳﺘﻢ اﻹﻳﻘﺎف واﻟﺘﺤﻘ ﻖ‬
‫‪And Insure If There Is Any Abnormal Noise.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺻﻮت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺘﺎد‪.‬‬
‫‪* Check Abnormal Vibration.‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺮ اﻻهﺘﺰاز اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

During Firing FIRING ‫أﺛﻨﺎء ال‬
1 – Check Fuel System ,And The Area Around ‫اﻓﺤ ﺺ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد آﻠﻬ ﺎ واﻟﻤﺴ ﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺣ ﻮل ﻓﻮﻧﻴ ﺔ‬ -١
The Fuel Nozzle For Leakage , And Then Insure If ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺐ وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟ ﻮد ﺗﺴ ﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳ ﻴﺮ‬+ ‫ ﻣ ﻮزع اﻟﻐ ﺎز‬+ ‫ﻓﻰ ) أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
There Is Any Leakage In ( Turbine Parts – Gas ( ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
Manifold – Assembly Pipes ).
2 – Use Mirrors To See Sight Glasses Of ‫اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺮاﻳ ﺎت ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﺗ ﺮى أﺟ ﺰاء اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈ ﺔ ﻓ ﻰ ﺣﺠ ﺮات‬ -٢
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻜﻰ ﺗﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺎ أن آﻞ ﺣﺠﺮة ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ اﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل وأن‬
Combustion Chambers To Visually Inspect That ‫اﻟﻠﻬ ﺐ ﻣﺴ ﺘﻘﺮ )ﻣﻨ ﺘﻈﻢ( وأن ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻠﻬ ﺐ ﻣﺮآ ﺰة داﺧ ﻞ‬
Each Combustion Chamber Has A Flame , And The liner‫ال‬
Flame Is Stable , And Its Center Is Inside The Liner.
* In Addition , Insure That Cross Fire Tube Is ، ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺄآﺪ أن أﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻴﺮان ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻠﺘﻬﺒ ﺔ‬ *
Good And Un Burnt, And Spark Plug Is Good. ‫أﺟ ﺰاء اﻟﺸ ﻤﻌﺔ واﻟﺴ ﺪادة ﻣﺤﻘﻘ ﺔ ﺷ ﺮوط اﻟﺤﺼ ﻮل ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
Cross Fire Tube ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
3 – Monitor The Turbine Control Panel ( Speed ‫ راﻗ ﺐ ﻟﻮﺣ ﺔ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺣﻴ ﺚ وﺟ ﻮد درﺟ ﺔ‬- 3
Tronic ) For Any Abnormal Temperature From ‫ﺣ ﺮارة ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ًﺎ ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ وذﻟ ﻚ ﻣ ﻦ ﻗ ﺮاءات‬
Thermocouples Readings And Wheel Space ‫ ودرﺟ ﺔ‬Thermocouple ‫اﻹزدواﺟ ﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ أﻋﻠ ﻰ وأﻗ ﻞ درﺟ ﺔ‬، WHEEL SPACE ‫ﺣ ﺮارة‬
Temperature. , And Exhaust Temperature Spread ,
HOT " ‫اﻟ ﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺴ ﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬، ‫ﺣ ﺮارة اﻧﺘﺸ ﺎر اﻟﻌ ﺎدم‬
And Hot Spots. "SPOTS
* For Example ( A Combustion Chamber Fired ( ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﺣﺠﺮات اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ أﻋﻠﻰ )أﺳﺨﻦ‬ *
Higher Than Another. .‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
4 – Hear To Any Abnormal Noise, And Any ‫ اﺳﺘﻤﻊ إﻟ ﻰ أى ﺻ ﻮت )ﺿﻮﺿ ﺎء( ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌ ﻰ أو أى‬-4
Abnormal Friction. .‫اﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫راﻗﺐ اﻻهﺘﺰاز اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻼزم‬ -5

5 – Monitor Vibration.
‫‪Automatic , Manual‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪوى – أوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
‫‪* Let The Turbine Work For ( 30 : 60 ) Minuet At‬‬ ‫اﺳ ﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ أن ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻟﻤ ﺪة )‪ (٦٠ : ٣٠‬دﻗﻴﻘ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Full Speed No Load.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪ ، Full Speed‬ﺑﺪون ﺣﻤﻞ ‪.No Load‬‬
‫‪* This Period Permit A Stable Heating For All Parts.‬‬ ‫* هﺬﻩ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ وﻣﺘﺰن ﻟﻸﺟﺰاء ‪.‬‬
‫‪* The Following Checks Should Recorded In Log‬‬ ‫* اﻻﺧﺘﺒ ﺎرات اﻵﺗﻴ ﺔ ﻳﺠ ﺐ أن ﺗﺴ ﺘﻜﻤﻞ وﺗﺴ ﺠﻞ ﻓ ﻰ‬
‫‪Book , To Compare It With The Recommended‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم )ﺗﺴ ﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻀ ﺒﻄﺎت وﺗﻮﺻ ﻴﻒ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ وﻧﻈ ﺎم‬
‫‪Values ( Setting ) In The Future.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ( ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ آﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ ﺎت ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻬ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺎ واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪1 – Continue Monitoring Abnormal Noise , And‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أﺻﻮات ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ وﻗﻢ‬
‫‪Stop The Turbine If There Is Any Abnormal Noise.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻮرا إذا ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﺻﻮت‪.‬‬
‫‪2 – Monitor Lube Oil Tank , Lube Oil Header‬‬ ‫راﻗ ﺐ ﺧ ﺰان زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳ ﺖ ‪ ،‬درﺟ ﺎت ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﺎﺳ ﻮرة‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ وﻣﺎﺳﻮرة اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬
‫‪Temperature , And Drain Temperature During Warm‬‬
‫‪Up Period.‬‬
‫‪3 – At This Time , It Is Recommended To Check‬‬ ‫‪ - ٣‬ﻓ ﻰ ه ﺬا اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ ﻳﻮﺻ ﻰ ﺑﻌﻤ ﻞ اﺧﺘﺒ ﺎر ﻟﻺهﺘ ﺰاز‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬﺎز اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اهﺘﺰاز ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫‪Vibration With A Device.‬‬
‫‪* It Suggested To Record The Following Axial ,‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺘﺮح ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Vertical , And Horizontal Readings :‬‬

‫آﻞ أﻏﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪All Bearing Casing .‬‬
‫ﻏﻼف ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪Inlet Compressor Casing.‬‬
‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪Turbine Supports.‬‬ ‫أرﺟﻞ )ﺳﻴﻘﺎن( ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪Generator Bearing Casings.‬‬ ‫أﻏﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪة )ﺁﻟﺔ( اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪4 – Check And Record Readings Of Wheel Space‬‬ ‫ﻗ ﻢ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒ ﺎر وﺗﺴ ﺠﻴﻞ ﻗ ﺮاءات اﻻزدواﺟ ﺎت‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫‪And Exhaust Temp.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪Wheel Space Exhaust Control‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬
‫‪5 – Check Flame Detector Operation.‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ال ‪ Flame Detector‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪6 – Check Over speed System ( Mechanical And‬‬
‫‪Electronic ) During Inspection Period The Turbine.‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام آﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ال ‪ Over Speed‬اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ واﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬهﺎ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪HQ‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺔ زﻳﺖ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪QA‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺔ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪1,2BA‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮاﺗﻴﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪HA‬‬ ‫‪ -‬إﺷﺎرة ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺄن ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪200 RPM‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪QN‬‬ ‫‪ -‬درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺰان أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٢٣‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪63‬‬ ‫‪QL‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺿﻐﻂ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪VT-1,2‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اهﺘﺰاز اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬
‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪VT-3,4,5‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اهﺘﺰاز اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪ET-1,2‬‬ ‫‪ -‬درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻌﻮى‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪ET-1‬‬ ‫‪ -‬دواﺋﺮ إﻳﻘﺎف ‪ trip‬درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪ -‬دواﺋﺮ ﺑﻠﻒ ‪ servo‬اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰاﻟﻐﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Fa,t,r) +‬‬
‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪ -‬إﺷﺎرة ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻧﻴﺮان أو ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﻏﺎز‬
‫‪(HA‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪FD‬‬ ‫‪ -‬دواﺋﺮ آﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ‪ flam deteet‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪QL/QH‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺰﻳﺖ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﺪود‬

Heat Cycle For Singl Shaft Turbine ‫اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
1 – Air Inters To Compressor , Then It Cross ‫ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺳ ﺤﺐ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء اﻟﺠ ﻮي إﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻤ ﺮ ﺧ ﻼل‬-١
Through Several Stages Compress This Air
‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻟﻺﻧﻀ ﻐﺎط وذﻟ ﻚ ﻗﺒ ﻞ أن ﻳﻤ ﺮ إﻟ ﻲ ﻏ ﺮف‬
Before Going To Combustion Chamber.
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
2 – Compressed Air Inters Combustion Chamber , ‫ وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺮور ﺧﻼل ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻨﻪ إﻟﻲ درﺟ ﺔ‬-٢
Then Its Temperature Increased Due To The ‫اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ ﺔ وذﻟ ﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺣ ﺮق ﺧﻠ ﻴﻂ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬
Burning Of ( Air / Fuel ) Mixture. ‫واﻟﻬﻮاء‬
3 – Hot Gases Produced From Combustion ‫ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ذات درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﺗﺘﻤ ﺪد ﺧ ﻼل‬-٣
Chamber Has High Temperature, Expands
‫رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻄﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﺈﻧﻬ ﺎ ﺗﺘﺴ ﺒﺐ ﻓ ﻲ‬
Through Turbine Blades, So It Turns Both Of
Turbine And Compressor ( When It Impact With ‫دوران )اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ و اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ وﺗﻮﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﺰم ﺧ ﺎرج ﻟﻜ ﻲ‬
The Blades ), Then It Produces Out Put Torque To
Turn Both Of Accessories And The Load ..‫ﻳﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪارة وآﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
(Generator Or Pump…).

Principles Of Operation ‫آﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ذات‬

For Double Shaft Turbine ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬
1 – When We Start The Turbine , The Starting ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺎدئ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ )وهﻮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ -١
Motor ( Electric Motor Or Diesel Engine ) Rotates ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺗﻮر آﻬﺮﺑﻲ أو ﻣﺤﺮك دﻳﺰل( ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺎدئ‬
High Pressure Shaft , So The Filtered Air Inters To ‫اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ ﺑﺘﺪوﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
Compressor Which Compresses It , ‫اﻟﺠﻮى اﻟﻤﻔﻠﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻀﻐﻄﻪ وﻟﺘﻔﺎدى‬
‫اﻟﺘﻀﺎﻏﻄﺎت واﻟﺘﺨﻠﺨﻼت داﺧﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
* There Is Bleed Valve On Compressor To Prevent ‫* ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻠﻮف ﻧﺰف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ‬
Vacuum And Surge Inside The Compressor., This
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺘﻪ وأﻳﻀﺎ رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
Bleed Valve Is Open During Start Up To Protect
The Compressor. ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﻔﻮﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ ( ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﻠﻮف اﻟﻨﺰف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻠﻖ وﺗﺒﺪأ‬% ٩٥ : % ٨٥ ) ‫إﻟﻰ‬

* There Are Inlet Guide Vanes At The Compressor
Inlet , It Is Relatively Close During Start Up, ‫رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ‬
And When The Speed Reaches To ( 85 % : 95 % )
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻮ‬
rpm., Bleed Valve Starts To Close , and I.G.V.
Starts O Open To Increase The Amount Of Air
Which Inter To Compressor.
2 – Compressed Air Inters To Combustion ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط إﻟﻰ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ‬ -٢
Chamber Between Inside Wall Of Elbow And
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ وﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
Liner., Then The Fuel ( Gas & Liquid ) Inter To
‫ وﺗﻤﺪ اﻟﻔﻮاﻧﻰ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮد )ﻏﺎز أو‬liners
Combustion Chamber Through The Fuel Nozzle ‫ﺳﻮﻻر ( آﻠﻪ‬
* Air Mixes With Fuel , Then They Ignite By ‫* ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻂ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﺑﻬﻮاء اﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮارة ﻣﻦ‬
Spark Plug Which Found In Two Combustion ‫ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻰ اﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬Spark plug ‫ﺑﺎدىء اﻟﺸﺮارة‬
Chambers , Then The Fire Transfer To The Other ‫اﻟﻐﺮف وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ اﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻐﺮف ﻋﺒﺮ‬
Combustion Chamber Through Cross Fire Tube. .‫أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﺮف‬
‫‪3 – Hot Gases Expands Through Turbine Blades‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ إﻟﻰ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻧﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Which Consists Of Two Stages, Each Stage‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻏ ﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ وﺗﻨ ﺪﻓﻊ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺗﺘﻜ ﻮن‬
‫‪Consists Of Stationery ( Fixed) Nozzles And‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺘﻴﻦ آ ﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺻ ﻒ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ وه ﻮ اﻟﻔ ﻮاﻧﻰ‬
‫‪Moving ( Rotator ) Blades.‬‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك وهﻮ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫‪* Kinetic Energy Of Gases Increases In Each‬‬
‫‪Fixed Nozzles Row So The Pressure Decreases.‬‬ ‫* ﻓ ﻰ آ ﻞ ﺻ ﻒ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻔ ﻮاﻧﻰ ﺗ ﺰداد ﻃﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮآ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐ ﺎزات‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺪﻓﻌ ﺔ وﻳﺼ ﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺎض ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ وﻓ ﻰ ﺻ ﻒ اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫‪* In Each Rotating Blades Row , Kinetic Energy‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮآﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻮد‬
‫‪Converts To Work Useful To‬‬ ‫‪Rotate The Turbine‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Shaft.‬‬
‫‪* After The Second Stage Wheel , Hot Gases Go‬‬

‫* ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺮور ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟ ﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآ ﺔ ﺗﻨ ﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫‪Out ( Exit) To The Stack Through Fans To‬‬
‫اﻟﻐ ﺎزات اﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻨ ﺔ ﻋﺒ ﺮ ﻋ ﺪد ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺮاوح ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳ ﻞ اﺗﺠ ﺎﻩ‬
‫‪Convert The Gas Direction From Axial To‬‬
‫اﻟﻌ ﺎدم ﻣ ﻦ اﻻﺗﺠ ﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻮري وه ﻮ اﺗﺠ ﺎﻩ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻮد إﻟ ﻰ اﻻﺗﺠ ﺎﻩ‬
‫‪Vertical , So The Exhaust Pressure Decrease Near‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮي وﺑ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻘ ﻞ ﺿ ﻐﻂ ﻏ ﺎزات اﻟﻌ ﺎدم ﺑﺤﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﻗﺮﻳ ﺐ‬
‫‪To The Atmospheric Pressure In Order To Avoid‬‬
‫ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ اﻟﺠ ﻮى ﺣﺘ ﻰ ﻻﺗﺤ ﺪث أﺻ ﻮات ﺷ ﺪﻳﺪة وﻣﻨﻬ ﺎ إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫‪Noise Of Resistance , Then Go To Stack.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪* Energy Produced From Hot Gases Used To‬‬
‫* ﻳﺴﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﺗ ﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ اﻟ ﺬي ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﻓﻴ ﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴ ﺪ‬
‫‪Rotate The Generator.‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺒــﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‬

‫‪CHAPTER 6‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‬

‫‪Oil & Auxiliary Systems‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫……………… ‪* LUBE OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‪.....................‬‬ ‫*‬

‫……… ‪* HYDRAULIC OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻚ‪.................‬‬ ‫*‬
‫……… ‪* CONTROL OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫* داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪......................‬‬
‫……… ‪* STARTING SYSTEM‬‬ ‫* داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪......................‬‬
‫……… ‪* GAS FUEL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫* داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﻐﺎز‪..............................‬‬
‫……… ‪* LIQUID FUEL SYSTEM‬‬

‫* داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪...................‬‬
‫… ‪* COOLING AND SEALING AIR SYSTEM‬‬ ‫* داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( هﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ واﻟﻌﺰل‪.............‬‬
‫…… ‪* FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM‬‬ ‫* داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪...............‬‬
‫……… ‪* VENTLATION SYSTEM‬‬

‫* داﺋﺮة )ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‪...............................‬‬

‫‪Turbine Auxiliary Systems‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪* When We Talk About Turbines , We Should‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺘﺬآﺮ داﺋﻤ ًﺎ أﻧﻪ‬
‫‪Remember That All Turbines Equipped With‬‬
‫‪Auxiliary Systems , Which There Is A Function‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻜﺎد ﺗﺨﻠﻮ أى ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ) اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ (‬
‫‪For Each System ,‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻟﻜﻞ داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
‫‪These Systems Are :‬‬ ‫وهﺬﻩ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ هﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 - LUBE OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫‪ – ١‬داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬

‫‪2 - HYDRAULIC OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻚ‬
‫‪3 - CONTROL OIL SYSTEM‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫‪4 - STARTING SYSTEM‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪5 - GAS FUEL SYSTEM.‬‬
‫‪ - ٥‬داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫‪6 - LIQUID FUEL SYSTEM‬‬
‫‪ - ٦‬داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪7 - COOLING AND SEALING AIR SYSTEM‬‬
‫‪ - ٧‬داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( هﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ واﻟﻌﺰل‬
‫‪8 - FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM‬‬
‫‪ - ٨‬داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪9 - VENTLATION SYSTEM‬‬
‫‪ – ٩‬ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ )ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ( ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ‬

CONTROL FUEL
SYSTEM GAS
SYSTEM
HYD.
LUBE SUPPLY LIQUID
SYSTEM FUEL
OIL
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
HYD.
RATCHET
SYSTEM
STARTING
MEAN
SYSTEM
LUBE OIL TANK
‫‪LUBE OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬

‫‪* Lube Oil System Contains Oil Tank, Pumps,‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ داﺋﺮة زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺰان زﻳﺖ‬
‫‪Cooler , Filters, Valves ,And Several Devices To‬‬ ‫وﻣﻀﺨﺎت وﻣﺒﺮد وﻓﻼﺗﺮ وﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت )ﺑﻠﻮف( وأﺟﻬﺰة‬
‫‪Control And Protect The System.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪* Lube Oil Go To The Following Parts :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎر زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ ﻳﺬهﺐ اﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﺎآﻦ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪1 – TURBINE BEARINGS .‬‬

‫‪ -١‬آﺮاﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ‪BR. 1, 2, 3, 4‬‬
‫‪2 – GENERATOR BEARINGS.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬آﺮاﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻓﻰاﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫‪3 – TURBINE ACCESSORIES.‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪4 - OIL GO TO ( HYDRAULIC, CONTROL,‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬زﻳﺖ ﻳﺬهﺐ اﻟﻰ دواﺋﺮ)اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻠﻚ ‪ -‬اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ‪ -‬ﺑﺪء‬
‫‪STARTING,AND RACHET ) SYSTEMS.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ – ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ (‬
‫‪5 – COUPLINGS.‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﻟﻦ‬

‫‪Functional Description :‬‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ‬

‫‪* Lube Oil System Is A Closed Loop, Where The‬‬ ‫* ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
‫‪Oil Is Sucked From The Tank Through Pumps.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺰان ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻀﺨﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪* After That The Oil Go To Oil Cooler , Then To‬‬
‫* وﻳﺘﻢ دﻓﻌﻪ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺒﺮد اﻟﺰﻳﺖ وﻓﻼﺗﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ إﻟﻰ آﺮاﺳﻲ‬
‫‪Oil Filters, Then To Bearings And Couplings , And‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎور واﻟﻜﺒﺎﻟﻦ ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻚ واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ و‪.....‬‬
‫…‪Hydraulic System And Control System‬‬
‫‪ #‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺿﺪ ﻧﻘﺺ‬
‫‪* There Are Many Devices To Protect The System‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺰﻳﺖ وﺿﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﻳﺖ وﺿﺪ‬
‫‪Against Low Level, Over Temperature, And Low‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
‫‪Lube Oil Pressure.‬‬
‫‪Oil Tank And Pipes :‬‬ ‫ﺧﺰان اﻟﺰﻳﺖ واﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ‬
‫‪* Oil Tank Is Made As An Integral Component For‬‬ ‫* ﺧﺰان اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع آﺠﺰء ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬
‫وﻣﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ آﻼ ﻣﻦ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪Turbine Base, And Installed On It The Following Parts‬‬
‫‪# Lube Oil And Hydraulic Auxiliary Pumps , And‬‬ ‫‪ #‬اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ واﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﻟﻠﻚ وﻣﻮﺗ ﻮر‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﻄﻮارئ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪Emergency Pump , Starting Motor, Protection And‬‬ ‫وآ ﺬﻟﻚ أﺟﻬ ﺰة اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ وﺻ ﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘ ﺮوس‬
‫‪Control Devices , Accessory Gear Box ,Torque‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴ ﺎﻋﺪ وﻣﺤ ﻮل اﻟﻌ ﺰم وﻓﻼﺗ ﺮ زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ واﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﻟﻚ‬
‫واﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﺰان اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ ﻣﺴ ﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬
‫‪Converter , Lube Oil Filters , Coupling Filters ,‬‬
‫آﺠﺰء ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪Liquid Fuel Pump , And Gauge Panel …….‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﻓﻮﻗ ﻪ ﻣ ﻮاﺗﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻀ ﺨﺎت وﻗ ﻮد اﻟﻐ ﺎز واﻟﺴ ﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫وﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻗﺮاءات اﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ‪.............‬‬
‫‪* At The Right Side Of Lube Oil Tank There Is A‬‬
‫‪Duct For Filling And Splitting The Oil.‬‬ ‫* ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎﻧ ﺐ اﻷﻳﻤ ﻦ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺨ ﺰان ﻣﺎﺳ ﻮرة ﻟﻤ ﻞء اﻟﺨ ﺰان‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺖ وﺗﻔﺮﻳﻐﻪ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
‫‪* Tank Capacity = 6435 Liters = 32 Barrel ( For‬‬ ‫* ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺨﺰان ﺗﺴ ﺎوى ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺎ ) ‪ ٦٤٣٥‬ﻟﺘ ﺮ = ‪ ٣٢‬ﺑﺮﻣﻴ ﻞ‬
‫‪Double Shaft Turbines ).‬‬ ‫( ) ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻴﻥ(‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪Note :‬‬
‫‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ = ‪ ٢١٠‬ﻟﺘﺮ = ‪ ١٨٠‬آﻴﻠﻮ ﺟﺮام‬ ‫ﺃ‪-‬‬
‫‪1 - 1 Barrel = 210 Liter = 180 KG .‬‬
‫‪2 – 1 Gallon = 3.77 Liters.‬‬
‫‪ ١‬ﺟﺎﻟﻮن = ‪ ٣٫٧٧‬ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ‫ب–‬

Lube Oil Pumps ‫ﻣﻀﺨﺎت زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬

* There Are Three Pumps In Lube ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪد ﺛﻼث ﻣﻀﺨﺎت ﻓﻰ داﺋﺮة زﻳﺖ‬
Oil System: -:‫اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ هﻰ‬
1 - Main Lube Oil Pump ‫ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬-١
A – It Is Installed On Turbine Shaft And It Is ‫ هﻰ ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ وﺗﺪار ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬-‫ﺃ‬
Rotated By Accessory Gear Box.
‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻹزاﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬-‫ب‬
B – This Pump Is (Gear) Positive Displacement
( GEAR ) Positive Displacement)
Type.
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ -‫ح‬
C – Discharge Pressure Of This Pump Adjusted
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
By Relief Valve ( VR1 ).
2 - Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump ‫ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬-٢
A – It Is Rotated With A.C Motor Placed ‫وهﻰ ﺗﺪار ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ -‫ﺃ‬
Vertically Above The Lube Oil Tank Surface. ‫رأﺳﻴﺎ ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺰان اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
B – It Is Centrifugal Pump Type . Center fugal ‫ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻄﺎردة اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳﺔ‬-‫ب‬
C – When Selector Switch Is Located On ( Auto ) ‫ﻓﺄن‬ AUTO ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ‬ -‫ج‬
Mode , The Pump Is Controlled By Low ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
Lube Oil Pressure Switch ( 63 Qa-1 ). Pressure Switch ( 63 QA -1 )
D – This Pressure Switch Sends An Alarm

‫ هﺬا اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل أﺷﺎرة إﻧﺬار ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬-‫د‬
Signal To Start Lube Oil Auxiliary Pump At
The Following Cases : -: ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬
D – 1 – At Start Up , Where The Oil Pressure In
‫ﻋﻨﺪ )ﻗﺒﻞ( ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬ ١-‫د‬
The System Is Low.
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‬
D – 2 – When The Turbine Tipped Due To Any
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻷي ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬٢ -‫د‬
Reason, Where The Speed Decreases, Then The
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻓﺘﻘﻞ ﺧﺮج اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
Discharge Pressure Of Main Oil Pump Decreases
( 63 QA – 1 ) ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﺪهﺎ اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺘﺶ‬
To The Value At Which The Pressure Switch ( 63
Cool ‫وﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﻮال ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
Qa-1 ) Is Set , And It Continue Working Along
(Down )
Cool Down Period.
D – 3 – At Normal Operation , When The ‫ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬٣ -‫د‬
Discharge Pressure Of Main Lube ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻼﺗﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
Oil Pump Decreases Either Before Lube Oil Filters ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ أو ﻳﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻂ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﻟﻦ واﻟﻜﺮاﺳﻲ‬
Or In The Coupling And Bearing Header.
d – 4 – When There Is An Error Signal Represents (‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ إﺷﺎرة ﺧﻄﺄ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ) إﺷ ﺎرة ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻓﻌﻠﻴ ﺔ‬٤ -‫د‬
That The Lube Oil Pressure Is Decrease From

‫ﻓﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
Main lube Oil Pump , Although The Actual
Pressure Is Normal Higher Than ( 63 QA-1 & 63QA-2 ‫ و‬63 QA-1 ‫أو ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻮﺗﻴﺶ‬ ً
63QA-2 ).
Valves (‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت )اﻟﺒﻠﻮف‬

Thee Are Many Valve Types In Lube Oil System: :‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﻮف ﻣﺜﻞ‬
1 - RELIEF VALVE (VR -1). 1 - RELIEF VALVE (VR -1).

2 - CHECK VALVES. 2 - CHECK VALVES.
3 - PRESSURE REGULATING VALVES (VPR-2). 3 - PRESSURE REGULATING VALVES (VPR-2).
4 - TEST VALVES. 4 - TEST VALVES.
5 - TEMPERATURE CONTROL VALVE (TCV). 5 - TEMPERATURE CONTROL VALVE (TCV).
1 - Relief Valve ( VR -1) Relief Valve ( VR-1) 1

* This Valve Is Put At The Discharge Of Main Lube ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ‬ *
Oil Pump To Protect It By Limit (Control) The ‫ﻳﺤﻤﻴﻬ ﺎ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ ﺪ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ اﻟﺨ ﺎرج ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ‬
Discharge Pressure At A Defined Value , And the
‫ﻣﺤﺪدة واﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﺗﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺰان ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﻒ‬
Excessive Value To Tank Through This Valve.
2 – Check Valves Check Valves - 2

* It Put At The Outlet Of Each Lube Oil Pump To ‫ﻳﻮﺿ ﻊ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺨ ﺮج آ ﻞ ﻣﻀ ﺨﺔ زﻳ ﺖ ﺑﻠ ﻒ ﻣ ﻦ ه ﺬا اﻟﻨ ﻮع‬ *
Prevent The Oil For Return In The Reverse Direction ‫ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﻤﻨ ﻊ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻳﺎن ﻓ ﻰ اﻻﺗﺠ ﺎﻩ اﻟﻌﻜﺴ ﻲ ﻋﺎﺋ ﺪًا إﻟ ﻰ‬
To Lube Oil Tank. ‫ﺧﺰان اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
* This Valve Contains An Orifice To Lubricate The ‫ ( ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﺗﺨ ﺮج‬Orifice ) ‫* وﻳﺤﺘﻮى هﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﻒ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻓﻮه ﺔ‬
(Main) Gear Pump When The Turbine Work At Cranking. ‫آﻤﻴ ﺔ زﻳ ﺖ ﻣﺤ ﺪودة ﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ ﺗ ﺮوس اﻟﻤﻀ ﺨﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺳ ﻴﺔ ) اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ( وذﻟﻚ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺪوران ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮاﻧﻚ‬
4 - Temperature Control Valve (Vtr1)

Temperature Control Valve -3 VTR1
* This Valve Put Before Oil Cooler To Keep The ‫هﺬا اﻟﺒﻠ ﻒ ﻳﻮﺿ ﻊ ﻓ ﻲ داﺋ ﺮة زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ ﻗﺒ ﻞ ﻓﻼﺗ ﺮ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ‬ *
Temperature of lube oil at the operating value. To ‫ﻟﻴﺠﻌ ﻞ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻳﺼ ﻞ إﻟ ﻲ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ ﺔ ﺑﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ‬
Prevent any damage due to temperature increase. ‫ﺑﺪون ﺣﺪوث ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
3 - Pressure Regulating Valve ( VPR-2 ) Pressure Regulating Valve ( VPR-2) -٣
* This Valve Put After Lube Oil Filters, It Is ‫* ﻳﻮﺟﺪ هﺬا اﻟﺼﻤﺎم ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻼﺗﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ وهﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
Diaphragm Type, And It Is Used To
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻐﺸﺎﺋﻲ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
Regulate The Oil Pressure Which Go To
Bearings And Couplings. . ‫اﻟﺬاهﺐ إﻟﻰ آﻼ ﻣﻦ آﺮاﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ واﻟﻜﺒﺎﻟﻦ‬
* The Excessive Pressure Is Return To ‫واﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻳﺘﻢ إﻋﺎدﺗﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ *
Main Lube Oil Header.
‫‪Operation‬‬ ‫‪Operation‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪At Start Up:‬‬ ‫* ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬

‫‪* When The Oil Temperature Is Low , Then This‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن زﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ ﺑ ﺎردًا ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﺒﻠ ﻒ ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﻣﻔﺘ ﻮح‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Valve Is Fully Open At ( X ) Hole. , And Fully‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ "‪ "X‬وﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ " ‪"Z‬‬
‫‪Close At ( Z ) Hole.‬‬ ‫* وﻟﻬﺬا ) ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ( ﻓﺈن اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻳﻤ ﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻀ ﺨﺔ ﻋ ﻦ‬
‫( ‪* For This Reason , The Oil Flow Through The‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ) ﺧ ﻼل ( اﻟﺒﻠ ﻒ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺤ ﺔ "‪ "X‬إﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺤ ﺔ " ‪"O‬‬
‫‪X ) Hole To ( O ) Hole And To Bearing Surfaces.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻟﻲ ﺃﺴﻁﺢ ﻜﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ‪.‬‬
‫‪At Normal Operation :‬‬ ‫• ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺰداد ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫‪* Oil Temperature Increases , Then This Increase‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ وﻳﺘﻢ اﻹﺣﺴﺎس ) ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ (‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Is Monitored By ( Sensor 1 ) Which Start Expand ,‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺴ ﺎس [‬ ‫ه ﺬا اﻻرﺗﻔ ﺎع ﻓ ﻲ درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ‬
‫‪And When The Oil Temperature Increase , At This‬‬
‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﺒ ﺪأ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺘﻤ ﺪد وﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼ ﻞ درﺟ ﺔ‬ ‫] "‪Sensor "1‬‬
‫‪Time , The Sensor Expands Against The Plug ( 2‬‬
‫ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﻳﺖ إﻟﻲ ‪ 40‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺆوﻳﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﺘﻤ ﺪد‬
‫‪),So It Pull The Piston(14) To Down.‬‬
‫ﻋﻜ ﺲ ) ﺿ ﺪ( اﻟﺠ ﺰء ) اﻟﺴ ﺪادة ( رﻗ ﻢ ‪ ٢‬وﺑ ﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺸ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ )‪ ( 14‬إﻟﻲ أﺳﻔﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪* The Hole ( Z ) Opens And The Hole ( X‬‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺒﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻓ ﺘﺢ اﻟﻔﺘﺤ ﺔ "‪ "Z‬وﻳﻐﻠ ﻖ اﻟﻔﺘﺤ ﺔ "‪"X‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Closes, Then The Oil Flow Decreases From Pump‬‬
‫ﻼ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻀ ﺨﺔ وذﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳ ﻞ ) ﻧﻘ ﻞ(‬
‫ﻣﻘﻠ ً‬
‫‪By Transfer A Part Of Oil Flow Through The‬‬
‫ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻪ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺒﺮد واﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ "‪. "Z‬‬
‫‪Cooler And The Hole ( Z ) .‬‬
‫‪* Oil Temperature Continue Increase And The‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع وﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻤ ﺎدة اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳ ﺔ‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Sensor Continue Expand .‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﻳﺖ إﻟﻲ ْ‪. 48.6 c‬‬
‫‪* At This Moment , The Piston ( 14 ) Moves To‬‬ ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ "‪ "14‬ﻗ ﺪ ﺗﺤ ﺮك إﻟ ﻲ أﻗﺼ ﻲ ﻣﺸ ﻮار‬
‫) ‪The Maximum Its Stroke And The Hole ( X‬‬ ‫ﻟ ﻪ وﺗﻨﻐﻠ ﻖ اﻟﻔﺘﺤ ﺔ "‪ "X‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ًﺎ واﻵن ﻳﻤ ﺮ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ آﻠ ﻪ ﻋ ﻦ‬
‫‪Completely Close , And The Oil Go Through The‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد واﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ "‪. "Z‬‬
‫‪Cooler And Hole ( Z ) .‬‬

‫‪Notes:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫‪* This Valve Regulates Oil Temperature At‬‬ ‫* ه ﺬا اﻟﺒﻠ ﻒ ﻳﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺘﻨﻈ ﻴﻢ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻋﻨ ﺪ‬
‫‪The Set Value.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ) ‪( 55 C‬‬
‫‪* This Valve Put Before Oil Cooler, And It‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ه ﺬا اﻟﺒﻠ ﻒ ﻗﺒ ﻞ ﻣﺒ ﺮد اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ‪Oil‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Has A Sensor Metal.‬‬ ‫) ‪ (Cooler‬وﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎدة ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫‪* It is three way valve type. ( two inlets and‬‬ ‫* هﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ‪ Three Way Valve‬أى‬
‫‪one outlet ).‬‬ ‫أن ﻟﻪ ﻣﺪﺧﻼن وﻣﺨﺮج واﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪* Hot Oil Inter From Oil Tank Side , And‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ زﻳﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺨ ﺰان اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﺟﻬ ﺔ‬
‫‪Cold Oil From Cooler Side , They Mixes‬‬ ‫وﻳ ﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻴ ﻪ زﻳ ﺖ ﺑ ﺎر د ﻋﺎﺋ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﺒ ﺮد ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺠﻬ ﺔ‬
‫‪And The Oil Exit At Set Temperature.‬‬ ‫اﻷﺧ ﺮى ﻳﺤ ﺪث اﻟﺨﻠ ﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺎ وﻳﺨ ﺮج اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﺑﺪرﺟ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫‪* Sensor Expands , So , It Closes The Hole‬‬ ‫* ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﺘﻤ ﺪد اﻟﺠ ﺰء اﻟﺤﺴ ﺎس ﻓﻴﻐﻠ ﻖ اﻟﻔﺘﺤ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬
‫‪Of Hot Oil Side Partially, Then Some Oil‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ آﻤﻴﺔ زﻳﺖ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Flow Through It , And At The Same Time ,‬‬
‫‪The Hole Of Cooler Side Opens More , So‬‬ ‫وﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻬ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺒ ﺮد ﺑﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ‬
‫‪A Big Amount Of Oil Follow And The‬‬ ‫أآﺒﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ آﻤﻴﺔ زﻳﺖ أآﺒﺮ ﻓﺘﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬
‫‪Two Amount Of Oil Mix And Exit With‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺘﺎن وﻳﺨﺮج اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫‪The Set Temperature Oil.‬‬

Oil Filters ‫ﻓﻼﺗﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬

1 - Lube Oil Filters
‫ ﻓﻼﺗﺮ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬-١
1 – It Is A Double Filter Has Two Groups , One ‫ه ﻮ ﻋﺒ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ ﻓﻠﺘ ﺮ ﻣ ﺰدوج ﻳﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﺠﻤ ﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ‬ -١
Is Main And The Second Is Stand By. ‫أﺣﺪهﻤﺎ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ واﻵﺧﺮ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‬
2 – Between The Two Groups, There Is A Transferee ( Transfer Valve ) ‫ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺎ ﺑﻠ ﻒ ﺗﺤﻮﻳ ﻞ‬-٢
Valve To Convert From The Main To Stand By And ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻴ ﺪوي ﻣ ﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ إﻟ ﻰ اﻷﺣﺘﻴ ﺎﻃﻰ أو‬
Vice Versa According To Work Requirements.
‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
3 – We Transfer From One To Another When ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ أو اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴ ﺮ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼ ﻞ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ ﺑ ﻴﻦ‬ -3
The Differential Pressure Between Outlet And Inlet 21 PSI ‫ﻣﺨﺮج وﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
= 21 Psi
NOTE : -:‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
This Valve Installs After Oil Cooler To Insure
‫هﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﻒ ﻣﺮآﺐ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﻣﺒ ﺮد اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻟﻜ ﻲ ﻧﻀ ﻤﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻓ ﺔ‬
Clean Air Going To The Other Circuits ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺬاهﺐ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
Coupling Oil Filter ‫ ﻓﻼﺗﺮ زﻳﺖ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﻟﻦ‬-٢
1 – It Is A Double Filter Has Two Groups , One Is ‫ هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻓﻠﺘﺮ ﻣﺰدوج ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ‬-١
Main And The Second Is Stand By. ‫أﺣﺪهﻤﺎ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ واﻵﺧﺮ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‬
( Transfer Valve ) ‫ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬-٢

2 – Between The Two Groups , There Is A Transfer
Valve To Convert From The Main To Stand By And
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻴﺪوي ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻰ أو‬
Vice Versa According To Work Requirements. ‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
3–We Transfer From One To Another When The ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ أو اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻓﺮق اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ‬-3
Differential Pressure Between Outlet And Inlet = 21 Psi. ‫ﻣﺨﺮج وﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ‬
4 – This Filter Installed On 25 Psi Header Because 25 PSI ‫ هﺬا اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ذو ﺿﻐﻂ‬-4
The Coupling Is A Gear Type , So It To A ‫ﻷن اﻟﻜﺒﺎﻟﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻰ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن‬
Friction Between The Two Sections Of It. ‫راﻳﺶ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ أﺟﺰاﺋﻪ ) ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
( ‫ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ‬
.>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> .>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Protective Devices ‫أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
It Contains : -: ‫ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
-: ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ (63 ) ‫ﺳﻮﻳﺘﺸﺎت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ -١

1 – Pressure Switches
63 QN , 63 QT , 63 QA-2 , 63 QA-1 ]
( 63 QA-1, 63 QA-2, 63 QT, 63 QN , 63 QL ) [ 63 QL ,
2 – Temperature Switches -: ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬26 ‫ﺳﻮﻳﺘﺸﺎت درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ -٢

(26Q , 26 QN , 26QL, , 26 QT, 26 QA ]
( 26 QA, 26 QT, 26 QL, 26QM, 26 QN )
-: ‫( ﻣﺜﻞ‬71) ‫ﺳﻮﻳﺘﺸﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬ -٣

3 – Level Switches [ 71 QL , 71 QH ]
( 71 QL, 71 QH, ).
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪Lube Oil System‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻮدﻳﻞ ‪FR III Double Shaft‬‬
‫‪* Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump Starts , So It‬‬ ‫* ﺗﺒ ﺪأ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺎﻋﺪة ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻓﺘﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺴ ﺤﺐ‬
‫‪Drafts The Oil From The Tank ,‬‬ ‫‪Then‬‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺰان وﻳﻤﺮ هﺬا اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة اﻟﺘ ﻰ‬
‫‪This Oil Pass Through The Header Which‬‬
‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ وﺿ ﻊ ﻣﻘﻴ ﺎس ﺿ ﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ وﺑﻠ ﻒ ﻳﺴ ﻤﺢ ﺑﻤ ﺮور‬
‫‪Installed A Pressure Switch And Check‬‬
‫‪Valve On It .‬‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪Check Valve‬‬
‫‪* There Is A Pressure Switch ( 63 qa ) to‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺲ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ‪ * ( 63 QA.) Switch‬وﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫‪Sense The Oil Pressure And If The‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ إذا ﻧﻘﺺ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ إﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫‪Pressure Decreases , Then The Aux. Pump‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪Starts.‬‬

* After That ,The Oil Pass Through An Orifice , 3 Way ‫ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻠ ﻒ ﺛﻼﺛ ﻰ اﻟﻄ ﺮق‬Orifice ‫* ﺛﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Then Three Way Valve ( Temperature Control ‫ﺣﻴﺚ أن هﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﻒ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻴﻪ آﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣ ﻦ‬
Valve ) Which The Oil Inters From Two Sides ‫اﻟﺨ ﺰان وﻳ ﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻴ ﺔ آﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ اﻟﺒ ﺎرد اﻟ ﺬى ﺗ ﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳ ﺪﻩ ﻓ ﻰ‬
And Mixes , Then The Oil Exits At The ‫اﻟﻤﺒ ﺮد وﻳﺨ ﺮج ﻋﻨ ﺪ درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ ﺔ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﺑﻠ ﻒ‬
Recommended Temperature. ‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬VTR 1
* After That The Oil Pass Through Oil Filters ‫ ﻓﻠﺘ ﺮ‬٢ ‫* ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻼﺗﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ وﻋ ﺪدهﺎ‬
Which Have 5 Micron, And There Is A ‫ ﻣﻴﻜ ﺮون ) ﺣﻴ ﺚ أن‬٥ ‫ اﺣﺘﻴ ﺎﻃﻲ ( ذات ﻓﺘﺤ ﺔ‬١ + ‫ أﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ‬١ )
Differential Gauge To Measure ∆ P Between After Feed Back ‫ ﻓﻼﺗ ﺮ ﺻ ﻐﻴﺮة ( وﻳﻮﺿ ﻊ‬٩ ‫آ ﻞ ﻓﻠﺘ ﺮ ﻣﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ‬
And Before The Filter. ‫ ∆ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ‬p ‫ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻴﺲ‬Differential ‫وآﺬﻟﻚ‬
NOTE: :‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
* Oil Pressure In The Header Should Equal 120 ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ‬pis 120 = ‫* ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬
Psi Before Filter ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ‬
And ( 100 : 115 ) Psi After Filter According To ( ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ) ﺣﺴﺐ آﻔﺎءة اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ‬PIS ( 100: 115) = ‫وﻳﻜﻮن‬
Filter Efficiency.
* We Should Change The Filter When ∆ P = 21 Psi. PIS 21 = ‫* وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﻩ إذا آﺎن ﻓﺮق اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
* After That The Oil Pass To An Orifice 4 Inch, ‫ً ( ﺛﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أورﻓﻴﺲ ﺁﺧﺮ‬٤ ) ‫* ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ أورﻓﻴﺲ‬
Then To Another Orifice 1.4 Inch. , Then It Go To 4 ‫ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺬهﺐ ﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬25 pis ‫ً ( ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ‬١٫٤)
Lubricate 4 Bearings And Couplings Which ‫ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ اﻟﺬى ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬+ Bearings
Connect Low Pressure Turbine With Generator, ‫ وﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺰان‬LPT
Then It Returns To Tank.
* Note That Before The Oil Go To Lubricate The ‫* ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﺬهﺐ ﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ ﻳﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻼﺗﺮ‬
Coupling It Passes Through Another Filters ( 3 Micron)
‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬٣ ‫أﺧﺮى ذات ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬
‫‪* Before The Oil Going To Coupling It‬‬ ‫* ﻳﻤ ﺮ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻗﺒ ﻞ أن ﻳﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺘﺰﻳﻴ ﺖ اﻟﻜﺮاﺳ ﻰ ﻳﻤ ﺮ‬
‫‪Passes‬‬ ‫‪Through‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Filter,‬‬ ‫‪Then‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﻔ ﺎﺗﻴﺢ ‪ Switch‬ﻣﺜ ﻞ ‪ 26 QT‬ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﻳﻌﻄ ﻰ‬
‫‪Temperature Switch (26 QT) To Trip The‬‬ ‫إﺷ ﺎرة ﻹﻳﻘ ﺎف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺰداد درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة‬
‫‪Turbine When The Temperature Exceeds.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة‬
‫‪* And Pressure Switch (63 QT1) To Trip‬‬ ‫* وﻳﻮﺿ ﻊ ﻣﻔﺘ ﺎح ﺿ ﻐﻂ ﻗﺒ ﻞ آﺮاﺳ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ }‬
‫‪The‬‬ ‫‪Turbine‬‬ ‫‪When‬‬ ‫‪The‬‬ ‫‪Pressure‬‬ ‫‪ {63QT I‬ﻹﻳﻘ ﺎف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺿ ﻐﻂ‬
‫‪Decreases.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪* After The Oil Exits From Coupling‬‬ ‫* ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮوج اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻣ ﻦ ﻓﻼﺗ ﺮ اﻟﻜ ﻮﺑﻠﻦ ﻳﻤ ﺮ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫‪Filters It Passes Through A Pressure‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﻳﻮﻗ ﻒ‬ ‫‪( Switch‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘ ﺎح) ‪63QL 2‬‬
‫‪Switch ( 63 QL2 ) To Trip The Turbine‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ إذا اﻧﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة ﺛﻢ ﻳﺬهﺐ‬
‫‪If The Oil Pressure Decreased , then‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪goes to lubricate the load coupling‬‬

Hydraulic Supply System ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ زﻳﺖ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻚ‬
It Used For Two Purposes: : ‫* ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻚ ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‬
1 – Operate (Move) Some Parts Such As (Pistons, – ‫تﺷﻐﻴﻞ )ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ( ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺟﺰاء ﻣﺜﻞ )ﻣﻜﺒﺲ‬ -١
Valves & Pumps). …(‫ ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺔ‬-‫ﺑﻠﻒ‬
2 – A Part Of Oil Goes To Control Oil System To ‫ ﻳﺨ ﺮج ﺟ ﺰء ﻣﻨ ﻪ إﻟ ﻰ داﺋ ﺮة اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻠ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ‬- ٢
Control Fuel (Gas & Liquid) Systems. { ‫ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬+ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد } ﻏﺎز‬
Example: -: ‫ﻣـﺜـــﺎل‬
* It Prepares The Necessary Means To Open Or Restart ‫ﻳﺠﻬﺰ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ أو إﻋﺎدة ﺑ ﺪء ﺑﻠ ﻒ إﻳﻘ ﺎف اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬ *
The Main Fuel Valve To Protect The Turbine.
‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻐﺮض ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* Oil Comes From Lube Oil System At 25 Psi ,

‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ‬Lube Oil ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ داﺋﺮة زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬ *
The It Inters To Main Pump ( It Rotates Through
Gear ‫ وﻳ ﺪﺧﻞ إﻟ ﻰ ﻃﻠﻤﺒ ﺔ رﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ ) ﺗ ﺪور ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ‬25 psi
Gear Box ) , And It Raise The Pressure To The
‫( وﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وهﻰ ﺗﺴﺎوى‬Box
Recommended Value ( 1200 : 1350 ) Psi.
{ 1350 : 1200 psi } ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ‬
* If The Main Hydraulic Pump Can Not Increase ‫وإذا ﻟ ﻢ ﺗﺴ ﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن ﺗﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺘﻮﺻ ﻴﻞ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ ﻟﻬ ﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ‬ *
The Pressure To The Recommended Value , Then ‫ { ﻳﻌﻄ ﻰ إﺷ ﺎرة‬63 HQ -1} ‫( ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﺴ ﻮﻳﺘﺶ‬1150 +- 30)psi
The Pressure Switch ( 63 Hq-1 ) Gives A Signal ( ‫ ﻟﻜﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ) وهﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬Aux. ‫ﻟﻠﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
To Start The Auxiliary Pump.
* If The Pressure Decreases To ( 840 +- 30 ) , ‫ ( ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻴﺘﺵ‬٣٠ -+ ٨٤٠ ) ‫* ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
Then The Pressure Swich ( 63 Hq – 2 ) Gives
‫ﻴﻌﻁﻰ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻹﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ (63 HQ-2)
A Signal To Stop The Turbine To Protect It.

At The Exit Of Each Pump There Are ‫• ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﻣﺨ ﺮج آ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒ ﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ‬

Some Valves: _:‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪة ﺑﻠﻮف هﻰ‬
Relief Valves ( TWO ) ٢ ‫ وﻋﺪدهﻢ‬Relief Valves *
* (VPR – 4 ) it control the discharge pressure of ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ( VPR- 4 ) *
aux. Pump.
‫ﺑﻠ ﻒ ﻳﺤﻤ ﻰ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒ ﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺎض‬ ( VR - 21 ) *
*( VR– 21 ) It Protects Main Pump When Its Inlet ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
Pressure Decreases.
Check Valve *
Check Valve :
‫* ﻳﺤ ﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺿ ﻤﺎن اﺳ ﺘﻤﺮار ﺧﻄ ﻮط اﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﻟﻴﻚ‬
It Keeps The Hydraulic Lines Full Of Oil
.‫ﻣﻤﻠﻮءة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
When The Turbine Stopped.
Bleed Valves : Bleed Valves *

* It Bleeds Any Air Inside The Pipes.
‫* ﺗﻜﺴﺢ أى هﻮاء ﻳﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺗﺼ ﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻄﻠﻤ ﺐ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻳﺨ ﺮج‬
* The Oil Exits From The Header To Filters 5 Micron
‫ ﻣﻴﻜ ﺮون ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﻳﻀ ﻤﻦ أن أﺟﻬ ﺰة‬٥ ‫ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺠ ﺰء اﻟﻤ ﻮزع إﻟ ﻰ ﻓﻼﺗ ﺮ‬
To Insure That The Oil Which Inter To Protective
‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Devices Is Very Clean.
‫* داﺧﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ زﻳﺖ ﻧﻈﻴﻒ ﺟﺪًا ﻟﻜﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
* Oil Passes Through One Filter , And The Another Is
‫* ﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻰ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻔﻼﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻵﺧﺮ إﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻰ‬
Stand By.
* There Is A Manual Transfer Valve To Change Over ‫* وﻳﻮﺿﻊ )ﺑﻠﻒ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻳ ﺪوى( ﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﻠﺘ ﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﻮب وﻏﻠ ﻖ اﻵﺧ ﺮ‬
From One Filter To The Anther One After Insure That ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﻤﺎن وﺟﻮد آﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
There Is An Equalizing Amount Of Oil In It . ‫* ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻰ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ‬
* There Is A Pressure Gauge To Know The Differential
Pressure Between After And Before The Filter.
* If ∆ P = 72 Psi This Means That We Should ‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ‬72 PSI ‫( إﻟﻰ‬P ∆ ) ‫إذا وﺻﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
Change The Filter. ‫ﻳﺨﺮج اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ *
* oil from this system go to the following CIRCUITS 1- Fuel Gas System
1- Fuel Gas System 2- Liquid Fuel System 2- Liquid Fuel System
3- Control Oil System 3- Control Oil System
Control And Trip Oil System Control And Trip Oil System
GENERAL : ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎم‬
* Turbine Protective Devices Consists Of Two

‫* ﺗﻨﻘﺴ ﻢ أﺟﻬ ﺰة ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ إﻟ ﻲ أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ أوﻟﻴ ﻪ‬
Systems: ‫وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
1 – Primary Systems Which Work Through
Control Panel. ‫ﻟﻮﺣ ﺔ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ واﻟ ﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧ ﺮ ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ‬
2 – Secondary Systems Which Work Directly On
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺮآﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
Turbine Base Dependant From Hydraulic Trip
Speed Tronic. Hyd. Trip Speed Tronic
* Hydraulic Trip Oil System Is The First ‫* اﻟﺘﻮﻗ ﻒ اﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻨﻈ ﺎم اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ه ﻮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ‬
Protection For Turbine Between Speed Tronic Speed ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
And The Devices (Parts) Oil The Turbine Base
‫ واﻷﺟ ﺰاء اﻟﻤﻮﺟ ﻮدة ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬Tronic
Which Close Or Open The Fuel To Turbine.
. ‫ﺗﻐﻠﻖ أو ﺗﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* This Oil Is Used To Trip The Turbine Through ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﻹﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ‬
Open The Oil Loop To Fuel Gas And Liquid ‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺬاهﺐ إﻟﻰ) دواﺋﺮ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬
Systems, And Then Returns It To Lube Oil Pump. ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ( وإﻋﺎدﺗﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺧﺰان اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬

‫‪Cooling And Sealing System Air‬‬ ‫‪Cooling And Sealing System Air‬‬
‫‪The Air Used To Cool The Following Places:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﻮاء اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻷﻣﺎآﻦ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪_:‬‬
‫‪nd‬‬
‫‪* First And 2 Wheels.‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﻓ ﺮاغ اﻟ ﺪوران ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ‬
‫‪* First Stage Nozzle.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﻮﻧﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫‪* Turbine Rotor.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻏﻼف روﺗﻮر اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬
‫‪* Exhaust Casing And Bearing.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻏﻼف اﻟﻌﺎدم وآﺮاﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫‪Cooling Air Sources :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر هﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫‪1 – 10TH-Stage Extraction Air.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬هﻮاء ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪2 – 15TH- Stage Bleed Air.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬هﻮاء ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻠﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪3 – Compressor High Pressure Air Seal Leakage Air.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬هﻮاء ﻣﺘﺴﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪4 – Compressor Discharge Air‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬هﻮاء ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬


‫‪1 – 10TH-Stage Extraction Air.‬‬

‫‪ - ١‬اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة‬
‫‪a-‬‬ ‫‪It Used To Seal Bearings No 1,3&4.‬‬ ‫• ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﺴ ﺐ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻜﺮاﺳ ﻰ ‪1,3,4‬‬
‫‪Bearing no‬‬
‫‪b - It Used To Cool Aft. Wheel Space For First‬‬ ‫• ﻳﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ ﻓ ﺮاغ اﻟ ﺪوران اﻟﺘ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻌﺠﻠ ﺔ‬
‫‪Stage Turbine Wheel.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪HPT‬‬
‫‪c - It Used To Cool The Aft Wheel Space Of The‬‬ ‫• ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻓ ﺮاغ اﻟ ﺪوران اﻷﻣ ﺎﻣﻲ واﻟﺨﻠﻔ ﻲ‬
‫‪Second Stage Turbine Wheel.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪LP‬‬
‫‪NOTE:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ‪:-‬‬
‫‪Before Sealing Air Is Piped To Bearings No 1,3,4‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺿ ﺦ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻜﺮاﺳ ﻰ ‪ ١،٣،٤‬ﻳﻤ ﺮ أوﻻ ﺧ ﻼل ﻋ ﺎزل‬
‫‪It Is First Passed Through A Centrifugal Dirt‬‬
‫ﻃ ﺮد ﻣﺮآ ﺰي ﺟ ﺎف ﻟﻔﺼ ﻞ اﻟﺸ ﻮاﺋﺐ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ اورﻓ ﻴﺲ ﻣﻔﺘ ﻮح‬
‫‪Separator To Remove Any‬‬ ‫‪Entrained Dust‬‬
‫‪Particles.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬
‫‪2 – 15TH- STAGE BLEED AIR.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫‪a – It Is Used For Internal Cooling Of The Follow‬‬ ‫أ( ﻳﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ اﻟ ﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﺮوﺗ ﻮر اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺨﻠﻔ ﻲ ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳ ﺔ‬
‫‪Compressor Rotor Aft Stub Shaft Through Radial Slots‬‬ ‫)ﺟ ﺬع( اﻟﻌﻤ ﻮد ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﻓﺘﺤ ﺎت ﻗﻄﺮﻳ ﺔ ﻣﻮﺿ ﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫‪Machined On The Aft Face Of The 5th Stage Wheel.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫‪b – It Is Used For Cooling Thr 15th Stage Turbine‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ب(‬
‫‪Wheel Forward Face.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫‪c – It Is Used To Cool The Aft Wheel Space.‬‬ ‫ج( ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﺮاغ اﻟﺪوران ‪Wheel Space‬‬

3 – Compressor High Pressure Air Seal ‫ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬- ٣

Leakage Air.
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب زﻳﺖ آﺮﺳﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ رﻗﻢ‬ (‫أ‬

A – It Is Used For Sealing The Bearing No.2.
Bearing No.2
B – It Is Used For Cooling The Compressor Rotor Comp. Rotor ‫ب( ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ دوار اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
Aft Stub.
( ‫ج( ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﺮاغ اﻟﺪوران اﻟﺬى ﺑﻌﺪ ) اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻰ‬
C – It Is Used For Cooling The 2nd Stage Turbine
‫ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
Aft Wheel Space.
4 – Compressor Discharge Air ‫ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬-٤
* It Is Used For Cooling Combustion Chamber Combustion ‫أ( ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
Transition Piece Chamber Transition Pieces
* It Is Used For Cooling The First Stage Nozzle First Stage Nozzle‫ب( ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟـ‬
* It Is Used For Cooling The Shroud Segments ‫ج( ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬
First Stage Turbine Wheel
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
CO2 Or Halon System ‫ أو اﻟﻬﺎﻟﻮن‬CO2 ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬

Fire Protection And Safety Fire Protection And Safety
Technology Technology
The Aim ( Purpose ) Of This System Is To Protect ‫اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم هﻮ وﻗﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ *
The Turbine From Firing,
This System Consists Of The Following Systems: -:‫اﻟﻨﺎر وﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬
1 – Extinguishing System.
‫ ﻧﻈﺎم إﻃﻔﺎء‬- ١
2 – Alarm System.
‫ ﻧﻈﺎم إﻧﺬار‬-٢
* Extinguishing System Consists Of (Standing ‫*ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻹﻃﻔ ﺎء ﻣﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ]آﺎﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ ﺔ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﺑﻬ ﺎ‬

Cabinet In Which Has Bottles (Cylinders) And
‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت وإﺿﺎﻓﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ‬
Accessories To Give Good Operation And A
. [ ‫ وﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ أآﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬، ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‬
Distributing Network For The Co2 Discharge.
* The Alarm System Consists Of A Series Group ‫ ﻣﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬The Alarm System ‫* ﻧﻈﺎم اﻹﻧﺬار‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻹﺷ ﺎرات ) اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳ ﺎت ( ﻣﺮآﺒ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬
Of Signals Installed On The Turbine, Which Sense ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﻬﺎ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﻮﺟ ﻮد‬
Temp Detector) ) ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
Temperature (Temp. Detector) And Sense Gas
) ‫وﻧﻮع ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺗﺮآﻴﺰ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻨ ﺎﺗﺞ ﻋ ﻦ وﺟ ﻮد ﺗﺴ ﺮﻳﺐ‬
(Gas Detector). ( Gas Detector

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬

CHAPTER 7 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬

Control System ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* Control Types (Hydraulic – Electric – .....(‫ إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬- ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ )هﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ – آﻬﺮﺑﻲ – ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬ ◊
Pneumatic – Electronic)……….…
* Control Circuit Components….…
..................‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت داﺋﺮة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ◊
* Control System Components…… ..................‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ◊
* Speed Governor………………… .........SPEED GOVERNER ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ◊
* Control Systems ..............‫◊ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

# Start Up Control…………..…… .........(Startup Control) ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ #
# Speed Control…………………… ..................(Speed Control) ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ #
# Temperature Control…………….… ........(Temperature Control) ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ #
# Protection Systems………….… .............(Protection) ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬ #
# Sequencing…………………….
...........( Sequencing) ‫اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬ #
* Protection Systems ‫◊ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

# Over Speed Protection………. .......Over Speed Protection ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة‬#
# Over Temperature Protection…… .......Over Temperature Protection ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬#
# Over Temperature Protection…… .....Vibration Protection ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻهﺘﺰازات اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬#
# Flame Detection………………….… ............Flame Detection ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬#
Control System ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
Gas Turbine Engine Is High Speed Equipment And ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ﻣﺎآﻴﻨﺔ ذات ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
Its Auxiliary Systems Have Many Components, – ‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪة وآﻞ ﻣﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ دورﻩ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮات )ﺑﺪء اﻹدارة‬
Every Component Has Its Specified Rule In The ( ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ – اﻹﻳﻘﺎف‬
Periods Of Starting Or Stopping Or Operation.
* Both Of Starting And Stopping Process Need ‫* وآﻤﺜﺎل ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن آﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺪء اﻹدارة وﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬
Several Steps, Some Of Them Begin Or Stop At The ‫اﻹﻳﻘﺎف ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺧﻄﻮات آﺜﻴﺮة ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺒﺪأ أو ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
Same Time, The Others Begin In A Rapid Sequence.
‫ﻓﻰ وﻗﺖ واﺣﺪ واﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻷﺧﺮ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬
* The Operation Process May Be Affected By Some ‫* ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج ﻋﻠﻰ رد ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ وﻟﺤﻈﻲ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬
Troubles And Needs Direct And Instantaneous
‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ان ﻧﺘﺮك ردود اﻟﻔﻌﺎل هﺬﻩ إﻟﻰ اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت‬
Reaction To Protect The Turbine., It Is Impossible To
Let These Tasks And Reactions To The Man Power \ ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
(Human Capabilities).
* So The Turbine Must Be Provided With Control
‫*وﻟﻬﺬا ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﺎدرًا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
System Which Is Able To Carry Out This Rapid
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ هﺬا اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ و اﻹﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﺄى ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
Sequence And Sense Any Undesired Variation Or
Any Fault In The Turbine Behavior Or Performance And ‫ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴﻪ أو اى ﺧﻄﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺳﻠﻮك أواداء اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ وان ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬
Take The Best Action To Deal With This Variation Or ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻗﺮار ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ هﺬا اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ او اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻟﺤﻈﻴًﺎ‬
Fault Instantaneously.
* So The Control System In The Turbine Is ‫* ﻟﻬﺬا ﻓﺈن ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ هﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺪء اﻹدارة‬
Responsible For Caring Out Starting And Stopping ‫و اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ و‬
Sequence, Speed Regulation During Operation And ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أى ﺧﻠﻞ‬
The Turbine Protection Against Any Trouble.
* The Control System Should Display The Fault Name ‫* وﻳﻘﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺮض اﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ وﻳﻌﻄﻰ إﻧﺬار‬
And Give An Alarm To Say The Operator To Follow Up
‫ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺑﺈﺧﻄﺎر ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ و ﺟﺬب اﻧﺘﺒﺎهﻪ ﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬
The Fault.
Control Types: ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

* The System Uses Many Different Control ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ دواﺋﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﺪﻳﺪة و ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺆدى‬
Loops To Perform Its Function Such As:
: ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
1 – Pneumatic Loops.( It Operates With Gas Or
‫ دواﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻢ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ وهﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻐﺎز أو‬-١
Air Pressure ).
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
2 – Hydraulic Loops ( It Operates With Oil
Pressure ). ‫ دواﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ وهﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬-٢
3 – Electric Loops It Operates With Electric Voltage).
‫ دواﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ وهﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬-٣
4 – Electronic Loops ( It Operates By Analog Or
Digital Signals From Solid Solid-State ‫دواﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ وهﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎرات‬ -٤
Components) ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أﺷﺒﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت‬

* The Control System Arrays And Arrange The
Function Of This Loops According To Definite
Program To Start, Operate, Stop And Protect The ‫وﻳﻘﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺮﺑﻂ وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
Turbine Against Any Trouble. ‫ﻣﺤﺪد ﻟﺒﺪء إدارة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ وﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ وإﻳﻘﺎﻓﻬﺎ‬
* The Simple Control Loop Consists Of:

:‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﺑﺴﻂ داﺋﺮة ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
1 – The process to be controlled.
.(‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ) اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬- ١
2 – A sensor that measure the amount of the
. ‫ ﺣﺴﺎس ﻗﻴﺎس ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ إﺷﺎرة‬- ٢
process controlled variables a signal form.
. ‫ ﻋﻴﺎر ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ إﺷﺎرة‬- ٣
3 – Set Point (desired value ) as a signal form.
.‫ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬- ٤
4 – Programmable Controller.
‫ ﻋﻀﻮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬-٥
5 – The Final Control1 Control Element.
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬

‫‪Set point‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫‪Process‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻰ ‪final‬‬
‫‪element‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎس ‪sensor‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺐ‬
‫‪FEED‬‬
‫‪BACK‬‬
‫‪* The set point (desired value ) as a signal‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳ ﺔ إﺷ ﺎرة ﻋﻴ ﺎر اﻟﻀ ﺒﻂ إﻟ ﻰ ﺟﻬ ﺎز اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫‪is fed to the controller which compares the‬‬
‫اﻟ ﺬي ﻳﻘ ﺎرن اﻹﺷ ﺎرة اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺤﺴ ﺎس‬
‫‪actual signal coming from the sensor with‬‬
‫‪the set point signal ( the change between‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺷ ﺎرة اﻟﻌﻴ ﺎر واﻟﻔ ﺮق ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺎ ﻳﺴ ﻤﻰ إﺷ ﺎرة اﻟﺨﻄ ﺄ‬
‫‪them is called the error), the controller‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮم ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺈﺻﺪار إﺷﺎرة ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ ﻣ ﻊ إﺷ ﺎرة‬
‫‪sends an out put signal proportional to the‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﺄ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻀﻮ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻨﻬ ﺎﺋﻲ )ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﺻ ﻤﺎم اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫‪error signal to the final element ( such as‬‬
‫أو اﻟﺴ ﺨﺎﻧﺎت أو اﻟﻤﺒ ﺮدات‪ (.........‬وذﻟ ﻚ ﻟﺘﻌ ﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫‪control valves , heaters and coolers..) to‬‬
‫‪modify its position to increase or decrease‬‬ ‫وﺿ ﻌﻪ ﻟﺰﻳ ﺎدة أو ﺗﻘﻠﻴ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗ ﺐ ﻟﻴﻜ ﻮن ﻣﺜ ﻞ‬
‫‪the mentioned control variable to be as the‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺎر) أى ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫‪set point.‬‬
‫‪(Set Point‬‬

Basic Definitions ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت هﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
* The Set Point: (Set Point ) ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

- It Is The Value Which The Operator Put It ‫هﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻀ ﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺸ ﻐﻞ ﻷي ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ ﺑﺤﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ اﻟﻤ ﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
For Any Process Where The Controller
‫أﺳﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪم اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺤﺮاف ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
Works On Its Base To Do Not Let The
Measured Variable To Deviate From It.
* Span: (Span) ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻣﺘﺪاد‬

-It Is The Difference Between The Max. And ‫هﻰ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ أﻗﻞ و اآﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺎس‬
Minimum Value For Measured Variable.
* Control Point: (Control Point) ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

- It Is The Value Of Measured Variable At ‫هﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
Steady State Point.
* Off Set: ( Offset) ( ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ) اﻹزاﺣﺔ‬

-It Is The Difference Between The Set Point
‫ه ﻮ اﻟﻔ ﺮق ﺑ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻏ ﻮب ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ وﻧﻘﻄ ﻪ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﻧﻘﻄ ﻪ‬
And The Control Point At Steady State ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
Point.
* Error: (Error) ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف‬
- It Is The Difference Between The Set Point ‫ه ﻮ اﻟﻔ ﺮق ﺑ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻏ ﻮب ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ و ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻗﺒ ﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﻪ‬
And The Control Point Before Steady State At ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻋﻨﺪ اى ﻟﺤﻈﺔ‬
Any Time.

. Control System Components: :‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

: ‫ اﻟﻜﺮوت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬.١
1 – Logic Cards:
* The Logic Card Is A Printed Circuit Board ‫اﻟﻜﺎرت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ رﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ داﺋ ﺮة آﻬﺮﺑﻴ ﺔ‬ *
Contains The Solid- State Logic Components Such

‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺷ ﺒﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﺻ ﻼت واﻟﺘﺮاﻧﺰﺳ ﺘﻮرات‬
As (Nor Bit Units, Amplifiers, Filters, Diodes,
‫ﻣﺜ ﻞ ) اﻟﺒﻮاﺑ ﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻤﻜﺒ ﺮات واﻟﻔﻼﺗ ﺮ واﻟ ﺪاﻳﻮدات‬
Capacitors And Relays …)
(....‫واﻟﺴﻌﻮﻳﺎت واﻟﺮﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎت‬
*These Cards Are Used For Start Sequencing, .‫* وﺗﺜﺒﺖ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺮوت ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺳﻴﻬﺎت وآﻞ آﺎرت ﻟﻪ رﻗﻤﻪ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ‬
Annunciation; Maintain The Operation Condition,
Stopping And Protection The Turbine.
* These Cards Are Fixed In Chassis And Every Card ‫* وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺮوت ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺪء اﻹدارة واﻹﺑﻼغ ﻋﻦ أى‬
Has Its Special Number
.‫واﻹﻳﻘﺎف واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮات وﺿﺒﻂ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
2 – Module: : ‫اﻟﻤﻮدﻳﻮل‬ - ٢
‫وه ﻮ ﻋﺒ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ ﻟﻮﺣ ﺔ)دوﻻب ﻳﺤﺘ ﻮى ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺑﻌ ﺾ اﻟﻜ ﺮوت‬

* It Is A Frame Contains Some Cards And Relays
Which Serves Specified Purpose. .(‫واﻟﺮﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎت‬
3 – Miscellaneous Components: : ‫ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬.٢
* It Prepares The Required Signals To The Logic ‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺮوت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ أو ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬
Cards Or To Receive The Out Put Signals From ‫اﻹﺷ ﺎرات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻜ ﺮوت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴ ﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺘﻬ ﺎ إﻟ ﻰ‬
The Logic Cards To Translate These Signals Into .‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻮﻳﺪ‬
The Required Actions.( Such As Solenoids)
Speed Governor
( Goverer ) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
* It Is The Device Which Control The

‫هﻮ اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
Fuel Flow To Perform The Following :
: ‫اﻵﺗﻲ‬
1 – Increases The Gas Generator Turbine ‫ زﻳﺎدة ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺧﻄﻮات ﺑﺪء‬.١
Gradually During Starts Sequence, By .‫اﻹدارة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ زﻳﺎدة ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻠﻒ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
Increasing The Angle Of The Fuel Valve
2 – Increases The Power Turbine Speed To The ‫ رﻓﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻘﺪرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬.٢
Minimum Operation Speed. .‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
3 – Control The Fuel Within The Allowable ‫ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ودرﺟﺔ‬٣
Limits Of Gas Generator Turbine Speed And .‫ﺣﺮارة ﻏﺎزات اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ‬
The Turbine Temperature.
4 – Protect The Turbine Against Over Speed ‫ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺿﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أي‬- ٤
That Produced Due To Any Fault. .‫ﺧﻠﻞ‬
* This Means That It Keeps The Generator Speed ‫* أي أﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺑﻘﺎء ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬
Fixed At Synchronous Speed To Maintain The ‫اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻈﻞ اﻟﺘﺮدد ﺛﺎﺑﺘًﺎ وﻣﺴﺎوﻳ ًﺎ ﻟﺘﺮدد اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
Frequency Constant And Equal To The Grid ‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
Frequency By Controlling The Fuel Flow Rate.
‫آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
:‫وﺻﻒ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬

Governor Description
‫هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
* It is an electronic device consists of a group of
modules, such as (speed control module – gas ‫اﻟﻤﻮدﻳ ﻮﻻت )ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﻣﻮدﻳ ﻮل اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ – ﻣﻮدﻳ ﻮل ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬
generator turbine module – power turbine module ‫ ﻣﻮدﻳ ﻮل اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ‬-‫ ﻣﻮدﻳ ﻮل ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ اﻟﻘ ﺪرة‬-‫اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ‬
– speed demanded module.. ), each of them made
‫ ( ﻣﻨﻬ ﺎ ﻣﺼ ﻨﻮع ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت ﻋﺪﻳ ﺪة ﻣ ﻦ‬......-‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ ﺔ‬
of several solid state and transistor components
‫ ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬،‫أﺷﺒﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت واﻟﺘﺮاﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮر وﻟﻪ وﻇﻴﻔ ﺔ ﻣﺤ ﺪدة‬
and has specified function .
*It Receives Analog Or Digital Signals From

‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ إﺷﺎرات ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻠﻴﺔ أو رﻗﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ دواﺋ ﺮ ﺗﺤﻜ ﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ‬
Different Control Loops And Provides Its Main ‫وﻳﺨ ﺮج إﺷ ﺎرﺗﻪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ﺻ ﻤﺎم اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬
Out Put Signal To The Fuel Control Valve To
.‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺗﻬﺎ أو اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
Reach Or Maintain A Presetting Speed
…………………………………………………………….. …………………………….……………………………..
Main Control Systems ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ هﻲ‬

1- Start Up Control ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬-١
2- Speed Control ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺿﺒﻂ ) ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ( اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬-٢
3- Temperature Control. .‫ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺿﺒﻂ )ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ (درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬-٣
4- Protection (‫ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ) اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬-٤
5- Sequencing ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت واﻷواﻣﺮ‬- ٥
Start Up Control Includes :- Start Up Control Includes :-

1- Zero VCE 2- Fire VCE 1 - Zero VCE 2- Fire VCE
3- Warm Up VCE 4- Acceleration 3- Warm Up VCE 4- Acceleration
5- Max., Min. VCE.
5- Max., Min. VCE.

Start Up Characteristics Start Up Characteristics

* When We Start The Turbine, The Nozzle Nozzle ) ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺪء ﺗﺸﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈن ال‬ *
Control System Requires The Maximum ‫ ﻷن اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬NCE ‫( ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ل‬Control
Value Of ( NCE ) Because The Speed And Set Point ‫ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ )أﺳﻔﻞ( اﻟـ‬
The Temperature Are Under The Set Point.
* So The Second Stage Nozzle Will Open To ‫ ﺳﻮف ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻟﻜﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬socend stage Nozzle ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﻟـ‬ *
Save The Maximum Power For High Pressure HP SHAFT ‫أﻗﺼﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
Shaft Set.
* starting mean device increases the hp. Turbine ‫ إﻟﻰ‬HP ‫وﺳﻴﻠﺔ )ﺟﻬﺎز( اﻟﺒﺪء ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ *
speed to firing speed ( = 20% ). 20 % ‫ وهﻰ ﺗﺴﺎوى ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬Firing speed ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟـ‬
* At this speed the purge period starts and ( Is Purged ) ‫ﻋﻨﺪ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ *
continue for 1 minuets to insure that there is
‫ ﻓﻰ‬- ‫أو‬ ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬Fuel ‫ﻟﻤﺪة دﻗﻴﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد‬
not any fuel inside the unit or in the exhaust
( ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدم ) ﺗﺠﻨﺒ ًﺎ ﻟﺤﺪوث اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬
system ( to avoid any explosion).
* At This Time, Cards Which Perform Start Up ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻜﺮوت اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﺗﻘﻮم ﻳﻀﺒﻂ‬
Sequence Adjusts The Firing VCE. And Activates .‫ ( وﻳﻨﺸﻂ ﺷﻤﻌﺎت اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬Firing VCE) ‫ال‬
The Spark Pug.
* When The Control System Detect The Fire, ‫ ﻳ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ إﻟ ﻰ‬VCE ‫* ﺑﻤﺠﺮد اﻻﺣﺴ ﺎس )إآﺘﺸ ﺎف( اﻟﻠﻬ ﺐ ﻓ ﺈن‬
VCE. Decrease To Warm Up Value To Reduce ‫ ( ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﻳﻘﻠ ﻞ اﻟﺼ ﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻰ‬Warm up )‫ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺴ ﺨﻴﻦ‬
Thermal Shock Which Affect The Hot Gas Path, ‫ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻌ ﺮض ﻟﻬ ﺎ ﻣﺴ ﺎر اﻟﻐ ﺎز اﻟﺴ ﺎﺧﻦ ﻓ ﻰ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ ﻓ ﺈن‬
At The Same Time The Starting System Is ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺒﺪء ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺘﻪ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ )ﻗﺪرة( ﻟﻴﺴ ﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ ﻰ‬
Programmed To Give Maximum Power To ‫ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ ) ﺗﺴﺎرع ( اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Accelerate The Turbine.
* At The End Of Warm Up Sequence, The VCE VCE ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﺈن‬١ = ‫* ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﺘﺮة )ﻣﺪة(اﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻣﺪﺗﻬﺎ‬
Increases With Exponential Rate: ( Exponential ) ‫ﻳﺰداد ﺑﻤﻌﺪل أﺳﻰ‬
−τ /Τ −τ /Τ
Αcc. = A(1− λ ) Αcc. = A(1− λ )
* Also, At This Point The Exhaust Temperature ‫* أﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ ﻓ ﺈن درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻌ ﺎدم ﻳﺴ ﻤﺢ ﻟﻬ ﺎ أن‬
Can Increase With 5 Fo Each Second ‫ درﺟﺎت ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﻴﺖ آﻞ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬٥ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﻻﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ‬
* After Few Time The HP. Turbine Will ( ‫* ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﻓﺘ ﺮة ﻗﺼ ﻴﺮة ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺳ ﻮف ﺗﺘﻌﺠ ﻞ ) ﺗﺘﺴ ﺎرع‬
Accelerate. ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة أﺳﺮع‬
* Also, LP. Turbine Will Start Running And Accelerate. ‫ ﺳﻮف ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪوران واﻟﺘﺴﺎرع‬LP ‫* أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﺈن‬
* When The HP. Turbine Speed Increase, The ‫ ﻓ ﺈن آﻔ ﺎءة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﺴ ﻦ‬HP ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺰداد ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
Efficiency Of Turbine Will Increase And The ‫وﺳﻴﺘﻮﻗﻒ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم وﻳﺒﺪأ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬
Exhaust Temperature Will Decrease. ‫ ( ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ‬HP = 60 % ) ‫* ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬
* At 60% Of HP. Speed, The Starting Slouch Cuts ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺒﺪء ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﻔﺼ ﻞ اﻟﻜﻼﺗ ﺶ وﻳ ﺆدى إﻟ ﻰ ﺗﻮﻗ ﻒ ﺟﻬ ﺎز‬
Off Then The Starting Mean Stops. .‫اﻟﺒﺪء‬
The Acceleration Cantrol The Acceleration Cantrol
* It monitors the acceleration rate of ( HP. & LP. LP ‫ ﻳﺮاﻗﺐ ( ﻣﺎ إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺎت‬-‫* ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ) ﻳﻼﺣﻆ‬
‫ ﺗﺤ ﺎول أن ﺗﺘﺰاﻳ ﺪ ﺑﻤﻌ ﺪل أﺳ ﺮع )أﻋﻠ ﻰ( ﻣ ﻦ‬, HP
) turbines if its rate exceeds 1% each second or
) ‫ ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﻳﻀ ﺒﻂ‬VCE ‫ آ ﻞ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ وﺳ ﻴﻘﻠﻞ‬% ١
not, and it decreases VCE. To adjust this rate. .‫ﻳﻤﺴﻚ ( هﺬا اﻟﻤﻌﺪل‬
* The acceleration sequence finished when the ‫* ﻃﻮر اﻟﺘﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﺪء ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ‬
( Complete Sequence )
turbine reaches to complete sequence.
* At complete sequence phase, the hp. Turbine

‫ ﻳ ﺘﻢ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ ﻋ ﻦ‬HP ‫* ﻋﻨﺪ هﺬا اﻟﻄﻮر ﻓﺈن ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ‬
will monitored and controlled by second ‫ وﺗﺘﻮﻗ ﻒ اﻟﻤﻀ ﺨﺎت‬2ND ST. NOZZL ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
stage nozzle and the auxiliary's pumps stopped.
* After that the turbine can be loaded.

Speed ‫واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت ﻋﻨﺪﺋ ﺬ )ﺑﻌﺪﺋ ﺬ( ﺗ ﺬهﺐ إﻟ ﻰ‬ •
‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ اﻵن‬Control
Note: : ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
* Speed Tronic
Speed tronic ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟـ‬
* It Is The Heart Of Control System, It Receive ‫* ﺗﻌﺘﺒ ﺮ ه ﻲ ﻗﻠ ﺐ ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد ﺣﻴ ﺚ أﻧﻬ ﺎ‬
LP. Speed And Exhaust Temperature Signals ‫ و آ ﺬﻟﻚ درﺟ ﺔ‬LP ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ إﺷﺎرة آ ﻼ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬
Then It Converts These Signals To VCE Signal ) ‫ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ه ﺬﻩ اﻻﺷ ﺎرات إﻟ ﻰ اﺷ ﺎرة‬
To Regulate Fuel Flow Rate Which Will Go To

VCE ‫( ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ إرﺳ ﺎل إﺷ ﺎرة اﻟ ـ‬VCE ‫ﺟﻬﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد إﻟﻰ ﻏ ﺮف‬
Combustion Chambers.
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
Speed Control Speed Control
* It Compares Between The Actual Of LP. Speed ‫ أوﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬The Governer ( ‫ﻳﻘﻮم ) اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬ *
Turbine Or Load And The Set Point Speed. ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ ﺑ ﻴﻦ )ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴ ﺔ أو اﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ( و‬Control
* Speed Control System Changes VCE. To Keep .( Set Point ‫)اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ال‬
The Actual Speed At The Set Point Speed. ‫ آﻀ ﺮورة ﻟﻜ ﻲ ﻳﺤ ﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ‬VCE ‫* ﺳ ﻴﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴ ﺮ‬
* For Generator Turbines The Speed Range Is Set Point ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟـ‬
Between (95% : 107%). ( 107% ‫* ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪات إدارة اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺪى اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻴﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻨﺔ‬ ‫ و ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬: 95% )
* There Are Two Types Of Governor Governer ‫* هﻨ ﺎك ﻧ ﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧﺼ ﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤ ﻨﻈﻢ‬
Characteristics: -: ‫ هﻤﺎ‬Charactesties
Isochronous Isochronous
* It Used With Turbines Which Operate ‫ﻳﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺼ ﻮرة ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗ ﺪﻳﺮ أﺣﻤ ﺎل‬ *
Mechanical Loads. ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
* This Type Maintain Constant Speed For Each Set Point ‫* هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺨﺼ ﺎﺋﺺ ﻳﺒﻘ ﻲ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ ﺔ ﻟﻜ ﻞ‬
Set Point Independent On Load Changes. .‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ( ﻋﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
Droop Droop
* It Used With Turbines Which Operate
.‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬ *
Electrical Loads.
* In This Type , The Speed Decreases When The
Load Increases And Vise Versa ‫ﻓ ﻲ ه ﺬا اﻟﻨ ﻮع ﺗﺘﻨ ﺎﻗﺺ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ آﻠﻤ ﺎ زاد اﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ و ﺗ ﺰداد‬ *
.( At Constant Set Point). .‫ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬Set Point ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ آﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ و ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
* When We Connect Several Generators With

Same Rid, This Type Permit To Distribute ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﻟ ﺪات ﻣﺘﻌ ﺪدة ﺑ ﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺸ ﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﺈن‬
Loads Between All Turbines By Changing The ‫اﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻐﻞ أن ﻳﺨﺘﺎر آﻤﻴ ﺔ‬
Set Point. .( Set Point ) ‫آﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ و ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟـ‬
Notes: -: ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
* For Turbines Of Constant Speed And Constant Set ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ و آﺬﻟﻚ ال‬ *
Set Point, The Governor Is Stabilize At ‫( ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﻮازﻧًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬Governer) ‫ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬Point
( ‫ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬VCE ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ) أي ﻋﻨﺪ‬
Constant Load ( i.e. Constant VCE).
* From Time To Time, When We Operate Generator ‫* ) ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻟﺤﻴﻦ ( ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻌﺰول ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
Isolated From The System, Then We Can Use Iso chronous ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬
Isochronous Characteristic.
* Speed Control Can Change (VCE) Between ( ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ‬VCE ‫* اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ال‬
.‫ ( آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬Maximum ) ,( Minimum)) ,
Minimum And Maximum As Required.
* The Main Difference Between Speed Control ‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ‬
ً ‫ ﻓﻰ آ‬Speed Control ‫* اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم‬
In Single Shaft And Double Shaft Turbines Are -: ‫ هﻮ‬Two Shaft , Single Shaft
1 – Speed Signal From LP. Is Used For Control ( ‫ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬LP ‫إﺷ ﺎرة اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻵﺗﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬ -١
VCE ), While HP Speed Is Controlled By ‫ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ‬HP ‫( ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ‬VCE)
2ND STAGE NOZZL
Second Stage Nozzle.
2 – There Are Two Acceleration Limit Control ( ‫ داﺋ ﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻜ ﻢ ﻓ ﻰ ﺣ ﺪود اﻟﺘﻌﺠﻴ ﻞ ) اﻟﺘﺴ ﺎرع‬٢ ‫ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﻋ ﺪد‬-٢
One For Hp, And The Second For LP.). Acc. Limit Control (
LP ‫ وداﺋﺮة ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ‬HP ‫داﺋﺮة ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ‬
Temperature Control Temperature Control

* Its Function To Limit Thermal Stresses At Hot
‫وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ وﺿﻊ ﺣﺪ ﻟﻺﺟﻬﺎدات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬ *
Parts (Buckets – Nozzles – Combustion
‫] اﻟﺮﻳﺶ – اﻟﻨﻮزل – وﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ [ وﻳﻜﻮن ﻧﺸﻂ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
Chambers ) And It Is Activated At All Turbine
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Operation Sequences.
* Internal Temperature Changes With Fuel And

.‫ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد و اﻟﻬﻮاء‬ *
Air Quantities.
* There Is A Maximum Temperature Which Any

‫ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻗﺼ ﻮى ﻟﺪرﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﺼ ﻤﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ أي ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ‬ *
Turbine Is Designed At It And If It Is
‫ﺑﺤﻴ ﺚ إذا ﺗﺠﺎوزﺗﻬ ﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻬ ﺎ ﺳ ﺘﺆدي إﻟ ﻰ ﺗﻘﺼ ﻴﺮ ﻋﻤ ﺮ ه ﺬﻩ‬
Exceeded It , The Age Of This Parts Will
.‫اﻷﺟﺰاء‬
Decrease.
* Firing Temperature Is Not The Actual Flame

‫ ( ﻟﻴﺴ ﺖ ه ﻲ‬Firing Temp.) ‫* درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ ه ﺬﻩ‬
Temperature, But It Is The Average Gas
‫درﺟﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻠﻬ ﺐ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴ ﺔ و ﻟﻜ ﻦ ﺗﻌ ﺮف ﻋﻠ ﻰ أﻧﻬ ﺎ درﺟ ﺔ‬
Temperature Which Inter ( Go To ) The First
‫ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻐ ﺎز اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳ ﻄﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ )ﺑ ﻮق( اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ‬
Stage Nozzle.
(First Stage Nozzle ) ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
* The Same, For Overall Gas Temperature At

‫و أﻳﻀﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻐ ﺎز اﻟﻜﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻋﻨ ﺪ‬ *
The Front Edge Of First Stage Bucket.
First Stage Bucket ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
* It Is Very Hard To Measure The Temperature

First Stage ‫ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺼ ﻌﺐ ﺟ ﺪًا ﻗﻴ ﺎس درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة ﻋﻨ ﺪ‬ *
At First Stage Nozzle Accurate Due To
‫ ﺑﺪﻗ ﺔ و اﻻﻋﺘﻤ ﺎد ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺎ و ذﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺴ ﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﺮات‬Nozzle
Natural Changes In Gas Temperatures From
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ﻖ و‬
Combustion Chambers And Due To Short
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﺼﺮ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺪة اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺎت ) أﺟﻬ ﺰة ﻗﻴ ﺎس‬
Service Period Of Temperature Measuring
.‫( درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
Sensors.
* Instead Of This: -: ‫و ﺑﺪﻳﻼ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
1 – We Use The Exhaust Temperature As An ‫* ﻳ ﺘﻢ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻌ ﺎدم آﻤﺆﺷ ﺮ أآﺜ ﺮ‬١
Indicator Due To More Mixture (Between Air (‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮارًا ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺨﻠ ﻂ اﻟﺰاﺋ ﺪ )ﺑ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻬ ﻮاء و اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬
And Fuel) And To Insure More Long Life For ‫و ﺿ ﻤﺎن ﻋﻤ ﺮ أﻃ ﻮل ﻟﻠﺤﺴ ﺎس ﺑﺴ ﺒﺐ اﻧﺨﻔ ﺎض‬
Temperature Sensors. ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
2 – The Level Of Exhaust Temperature Will ‫* ﻣﺴﺘﻮى درﺟﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻌ ﺎدم ﻣﺸ ﺘﺮك ﻣ ﻊ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ ﺔ‬٢
Change With Expanding Process Across ‫ﺳﻮف ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Turbine Section.
3 – The Ratio Can Be Changed With (PCD) . ‫ ﺿ ﻐﻂ‬PCD ‫* اﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ ﺗﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴ ﺮات ﻓ ﻲ‬٣
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﺤﻮرى‬
4 – Temperature Control System Compares ‫* ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺤﻜﻢ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻳﻘﺎرن ﺑﻴﻦ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة‬٤
between Turbines Operating Temperature . ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ااﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﻤﺮﻏ ﻮب ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ‬
With Temperature Set Point Limit. Compares Between Turbines Operating
Temp. With Temp. Set point Limit
INPUT OUT PUT INPUT OUT PUT
Temperature set point Temperature set point
* (VCE) Reduces The Fuel To Forbid The ‫( ) اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ( ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ درﺟﺔ‬VCE ) ‫* وﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
Exceed Of Temperature.
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﺤﺪود‬
* Exhaust Temp. Is Measured ( T x ) As A ‫ ( آﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬Tx ) ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم‬

Pointer For Turbine Operating Temperature, ‫ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬
Then It Compared With Set Point Limit By
.‫ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬Set Point Limit ‫ﺑﺎل‬
Control System.
:
* Exhaust Temp. Is Measured ( Tx ) And The ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم وﻳ ﺘﻢ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻼﻗ ﺔ‬
Firing Temperature Is Calculated From The ‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
Following Relation:-
PCD K
Tf = Tx (---------)
Px
Firing Design Exhaust measured
P x = BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
K = CONSTANT
PCD = COMPRESSOR PRESSURE DISCHARGE
Temperature Control Consists Of 3 ٣ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ‬

Subsystems: -: ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬
1 – Temp. Control Comparator. (‫ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة )ﻣﻘﺎرن‬-١
2 – Temp. Measurement ‫ ﻗﻴﺎس درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬-٢
3 – Thermo Couple Processing. ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ازدواج ﺣﺮاري‬-٣
Temperature Control System Has 3 ٣ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم ﻣﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ‬
Functions: -: ‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ هﻲ‬
1 – Measuring Temperature By Thermo Couple.
. ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻻزدواج اﻟﺤﺮاري‬-١
2 – Adjust Second Stage Nozzle By Thermo Couple. ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬2nd stage nozzle ‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻨﻮزل‬ -٢
3 – Limiting Fuel By Temperature. .‫)ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ( آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬ -٣
Thermo couple temp. Control system Thermo couple Temp. Control System
1 – It is an electronic system receives its signal ‫ ه ﻮ ﻧﻈ ﺎم أﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧ ﻲ و ﻳﺴ ﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﺷ ﺎرﺗﻪ ﻣ ﻦ اﻻزدواﺟ ﺎت‬-١
from thermocouples which put in hot gas path, and ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺴ ﺎر ﻏ ﺎزات اﻟﻌ ﺎدم اﻟﺴ ﺎﺧﻨﺔ و ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﻋﻤ ﻞ‬
made average for these signals, then made
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳ ﻂ ﻟﻬ ﺬﻩ اﻻﺷ ﺎرات ﺛ ﻢ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﻋﻤ ﻞ ﺗﻜﺒﻴ ﺮ ﻟﻬ ﺎ و ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬ ﺎ إﻟ ﻰ‬
amplifier for it and converts it to volt signals
proportion directly with exhaust temperature. ‫إﺷﺎرات ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻊ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم‬
2 – This volt signal enter two systems (nozzle ‫ إﺷ ﺎرة اﻟﺠﻬ ﺪ ه ﺬﻩ ﺗ ﺪﺧﻞ إﻟ ﻰ ﻧﻈ ﺎﻣﻲ ) ﺿ ﺒﻂ درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة‬-٢
temperature control& limit fuel ‫ و ﻧﻈ ﺎم ﺿ ﺒﻂ‬Nozzle Temp. control (‫ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ اﻟﻨ ﻮزل‬
temperature control .‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
Nozzle Temp. Control And Fuel Limit Temp. Nozzle Temp. Control And Fuel Limit Temp.
‫ هﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻣ ﺎن ﺑﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻌ ﺎدم و‬-١
1 – They perform the function of exhaust temp.
‫هﻮ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ إﺷﺎرات آﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺒﻂ ) اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
control system, and i consists of electric signals
‫( درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم‬
which control exhaust temperature
2 – During normal operation, until reach 100% ‫أﺛﻨ ﺎء اﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌ ﻲ ) وﺿ ﻊ اﻻﺳ ﺘﻘﺮار( ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺣﺘ ﻰ‬ -٢
rpm., hp speed and exhaust temperature still at ‫ و درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة‬HP ‫ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻓ ﺈن ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ‬%١٠٠ ‫ﺗﺼ ﻞ إﻟ ﻰ‬
optimum values by nozzle control function ) ‫اﻟﻌ ﺎدم ﺗﻈ ﻞ ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻟﻘ ﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺜﻠ ﻰ ) اﻷﺣﺴ ﻦ ( و ذﻟ ﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ‬
performance. CONTROL FUNCTION Nozzle ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ( أداء‬
3 – During changing load it is limited by fuel ‫ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻇﺮوف ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﻴﺪة ﺑـ ) ﻣﺤ ﺪودة ﺑ ـ ( ﺑ ﺄداء‬-3
limitation performance. .‫ﺣﺪود اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
4 – Devices in the system change to achieve the Set ‫ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟ ـ‬-٤
fact of ( the temperature set point is less than the Set point ‫ ﻟﻀ ﺒﻂ اﻟﻨ ﻮزل أﻗ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة ال‬point
temperature set point of gas control ) ‫ﻟﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
5 – When the exhaust temperature increases and
‫ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺰداد درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻌ ﺎدم و ﺗﺘﺠ ﺎوز ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻀ ﺒﻂ‬-٥
exceeds the nozzle control set point , the
‫ﻟﻀ ﺒﻂ اﻟﻨ ﻮزل و ﺑ ﺬﻟﻚ ﺗ ﺰداد ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ و ذﻟ ﻚ ﻟﻜ ﻲ ﻳ ﺰداد‬
compressor speed should increase to increase the
.‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻬﻮاء و ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم‬
air flow rate to decrease the exhaust temperature .
6 – If nozzle control can not maintain the exhaust Nozzle ‫إذا ﻟ ﻢ ﻳ ﺘﻤﻜﻦ ) ﻟ ﻢ ﻳﺴ ﺘﻄﻴﻊ ( ﺿ ﺒﻂ اﻟﻨ ﻮزل‬ -٦
temperature and the temperature is still increase ‫ ﻣ ﻦ اﻻﺑﻘ ﺎء ﻋﻠ ﻰ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻌ ﺎدم و اﺳ ﺘﻤﺮت‬Control
due to load requirements, the fuel cut back when ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ) ﻓ ﻲ اﻻرﺗﻔ ﺎع ( ﺑﺴ ﺒﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒ ﺎت اﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ‬
the exhaust temperature reaches to the max. value ‫ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼ ﻞ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻌ ﺎدم‬Cut Back ‫و ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴ ﻞ‬
such as the adjusted value which adjusted by ‫إﻟ ﻰ أﻗﺼ ﻰ ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻣﺴ ﻤﻮح ﺑﻬ ﺎ آﺎﻟﻤﻀ ﺒﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ أداء ﺗﺤﺪﻳ ﺪ‬
performance of fuel limitation. ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
7 – Turbine can be loaded until it exceeds the ‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺗﺼ ﺒﺢ ﻗ ﺎدرة ﻋﻠ ﻰ أن ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻬ ﺎ ﺣﺘ ﻰ ﻳ ﺘﻢ اﺟﺘﻴ ﺎز‬-٧
value of fuel set point. ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
8 – To protect the turbine, it should adjust the alarm ‫ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻋﺠ ﺰ ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﺈﻧ ﻪ ﻳ ﺘﻢ‬-٨
and trip systems (for the exhaust temperature) higher ‫ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻌ ﺎدم أﻋﻠ ﻰ‬Trip ‫ و ال‬Alarm ‫ﺿﺒﻂ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟـ‬
than the fuel set point. ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ) اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮة( ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮد‬
Sequencing ‫اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬
* Sequencing Circuits Is Provided In The Control
‫* دواﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺰودة ﻓﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻜ ﻲ ﺗﺴ ﺄل )ﺗﺴ ﺘﺠﻮب( آ ﻼ‬
System To Ask The Turbine, The Generator, The
Starting System And Auxiliaries To Ensure That All
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ و اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ و أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺒﺪء و اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺤﺪد أن آ ﻞ‬
Processes Are Normal Especially At Start Up And .‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء واﻹﻳﻘﺎف‬
Shut Down Sequences.
* Feedback Signal From These Devices Work To ‫ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ آﻤﺴﻮغ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻤ ﻞ‬Feed Back ‫* إﺷﺎرة اﻟـ‬
Continue The Operation Of The Turbine.
* Sequencing System Monitors Protection System
‫ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻟﺘﺘ ﺎﺑﻊ ﻳﺮاﻗ ﺐ ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ و أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ أﺧ ﺮى ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﻧﻈ ﺎم‬ *
And Other Systems Such As Fuel System,
Hydraulic System, Also Generates Logic Signals To ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد و ﻧﻈﺎم زﻳﺖ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻚ و آﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ إﺷﺎرات ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻜ ﻲ‬
Able The System To Operate And Stop Normally, ‫ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘ ﺪرة ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ و اﻹﻳﻘ ﺎف ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ و ه ﺬﻩ‬
And This Signals Includes Speed Signals, Control Set Point ‫اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ إﺷﺎرات اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ و ﺗﺤﻜ ﻢ‬
The Load Set Point, Start Mean Control And Timers. Timers ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﻟﺤﻤﻞ و ﺗﺤﻜﻢ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء و اﻟـ‬
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Protection Systems ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

General: ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎم‬
* Devices Which Trip The Turbine Reduce The Oil From ‫اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺆدى هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻣ ﻦ‬ *
Trip Oil Circuit Either Directly Or Through The ‫داﺋ ﺮة إﻳﻘ ﺎف اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ إﻣ ﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮة أو ﺧ ﻼل اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴ ﺔ ﻟﺒﻠ ﻒ‬
Hydraulic Dump Valve (20 HD) To Open And Decrease ‫ ( ﻓﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ وﻳﺨﻔﺾ زﻳﺖ اﻹﻳﻘﺎف‬20 HD ) ‫اﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻮﻳﺪ‬
The Trip Oil. S .R. V ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ زﻳﺖ داﺋﺮة اﻹﻳﻘﺎف ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﻠﻖ ﺑﻠﻒ اﻟـ‬
* When The Trip Oil Decreases, It Closes The Stop ‫ ﻟﺒ ﺪء ﺗﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻓ ﺈن ﺑﻠ ﻒ اﻟﺘﺨﻔ ﻴﺾ‬Start ‫* ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﻋﻤ ﻞ‬
Speed Ratio Valve. ‫( ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﻣﻐﻠ ﻖ ﻋﻨ ﺪ )اﻟﻤﻮﺿ ﻊ( اﻟﺼ ﺤﻴﺢ ﻓ ﻰ‬20 HD ) ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻰ‬
* At Start Up The Hydraulic Dump Valve Should Be Closed. ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺪء ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن زﻳﺖ داﺋﺮة اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻀﻐﻮط‬
* When The Trip Oil Decreases, The Speed Ratio Valve
S. R. V ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﺿﻐﻂ زﻳ ﺖ داﺋ ﺮة اﻹﻳﻘ ﺎف ﻓ ﺈن ﺑﻠ ﻒ‬
Be Closed, So The Way Forward The Gas Which Go
‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﻐﻠﻖ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ أﻣﺎم اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺬاهﺐ إﻟﻰ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
To Combustion Chamber Will Be Closed.
2ND ‫وآ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻘ ﻮم ﺑﻠ ﻒ ﺗﺨﻔ ﻴﺾ زﻳ ﺖ ﺿ ﺒﻂ اﻟﻨ ﻮزل ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ‬ *
* Also the second stage nozzle dump valve will
‫ وﻳﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺴ ﻠﻨﺪرات‬CONTROL DUMP VALVE
activate and operates the hydraulic cylinders to
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻔﺘﺢ رﻳﺶ اﻟﻨﻮزل ﻓﻴﻘﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
open the nozzle buckets, then reduce the transfer of
‫ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻴﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺗﺠﺎوز اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ LP
power to load turbine to prevent it from over speed.
‫‪Hydraluic Dump Valve (20 HD) :‬‬ ‫‪Hydraluic Dump Valve 20 HD‬‬
‫‪* This Valve Is Normally Open And Its Type Is ( 2‬‬ ‫ه ﺬا اﻟﺒﻠ ﻒ ‪ Normally open‬وه ﻮ ﻣ ﻦ ﻧ ﻮع ‪٢/٢‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪⁄ 2 ) And It Is Put On The Trip Oil Circuit To‬‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻣﺮآﺐ ﻓﻰ داﺋﺮة إﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﻐﻠﻖ ﺑﻠﻒ إﻳﻘ ﺎف‬
‫‪Close Speed Ratio Valve And Open The Dump‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐ ﺎز ‪ SRV‬وﻳﻔ ﺘﺢ ﺑﻠ ﻒ اﻷﺧﻤ ﺎد اﻟﺨ ﺎص ﺑﺰﻳ ﺖ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫‪Valve Of Hydraulic Cylender Of The Nozzle And‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴ ﻠﻨﺪر اﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﻟﻜﻰ ﻟﻠﻨ ﻮزل وه ﻮ ﻣﻮﺻ ﻞ آﻬﺮﺑﻴ ﺎ ﺑ ﺪاﺋﺮة‬
‫‪It Electrically Connected With Start Up Sequence‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪In The Control Panel.‬‬
‫‪* These Circuits Operate Through Relayes Which‬‬ ‫* هﺬﻩ اﻟ ﺪواﺋﺮ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﺸ ﻴﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﻼﻳﻬ ﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟ ﻮدة‬
‫‪Found In Main (Start – Stop ) Circuit.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ﻰ داﺋ ﺮة اﻟﺒ ﺪء واﻹﻳﻘ ﺎف ‪ Start - Stop‬اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺗﻴﺸﺎت اﻟـﺈﻳﻘﺎف‬
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‫‪Manual Emergency Trip Devices‬‬ ‫‪Emergency Trip Devices‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪد ‪ ٣‬أﺟﻬﺰة ﻟﻺﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﻴﺪوى ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﻮارئ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪There Are 3 Devices For Manual Trip At‬‬
‫‪Emergency Mode :‬‬
‫‪1 – Installed under the pressure gauge panel.‬‬ ‫اﻷول ﻣﺮآ ﺐ أﺳ ﻔﻞ ﻟﻮﺣ ﺔ أﺟﻬ ﺰة ﻗﻴ ﺎس اﻟﻀ ﻐﻮط اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴ ﻴﺔ وه ﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ داﺋﺮة زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫‪2 – A Push Button Installed On The Main Speed‬‬

‫‪Tronic Pane‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ ﻣﻔﺘ ﺎح إﻧﻀ ﻐﺎﻃﻰ ‪ Push Button‬وه ﻮ ﻣﺮآ ﺐ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪Speed Tronic Panel‬‬
‫&‪3 – A Hand On Over Speed Mechanism At HP‬‬

‫‪LP Shafts‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻴ ﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟ ﻮدة ﻓ ﻰ ﻣﻴﻜ ﺎﻧﻴﺰم ال ‪ Over Speed‬ﻋﻨ ﺪ‬
‫‪LP , HP‬وهﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺿﻐﻂ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻳﺪوﻳﺎ‬
‫‪Components Of Protection Systems:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة‬
‫–‪1‬‬ ‫‪Over speed protection.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎت)اﻻهﺘﺰازات(‬
‫–‪2‬‬ ‫‪Vibration protection.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ زﻳﺎدة درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫–‪3‬‬ ‫‪Vibration protection.‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
‫‪4-‬‬ ‫‪Flame detection‬‬

* Protection System Is Designed To Trip The ‫* ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺰود ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﻜ ﻲ ﻳﻮﻗ ﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﻴ ًﺎ و ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴ ًﺎ‬
Turbine Electrically And Mechanically And
‫ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺠ ﺎوز ﻣﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻣﻌ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ ﻤﻮح ﺑﻬ ﺎ ﻣﺜ ﻞ ) اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ و‬
Electrically When There Is Any Parameter
Exceeds The Limit Set Point Such As ( Speed, .‫( أووﺟﻮد ﻋﻴﺐ ﻓﻰ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬......... ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة و‬
Temperature,……) or if there is fault in any part.
* Protection System Is Working During Start Up ‫ و أﺛﻨ ﺎء ﻋﻤ ﻞ‬Start Up ‫* أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ه ﺬﻩ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ أﺛﻨ ﺎء اﻟﺒ ﺪء‬
And Normal Operation. ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* The System Out An Alarm When Reaching To ‫* ﻳﻘ ﻮم اﻟﻨﻈ ﺎم ﺑﺈﺻ ﺪار إﻧ ﺬار ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻟﻮﺻ ﻮل إﻟ ﻰ ﻣﺴ ﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺣﺮﺟ ﺔ و‬
Very High Levels And When Any Machine ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن أي ﻣﻌﺪة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
Work At Up Normal Mode.
* Protection System Consists Of Primary ‫* ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
And Secondary Systems: : ‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ و اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬
* Some Of This Systems And Its Components
(‫* ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ و ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ )ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
Work Through Turbine Control Panel.
‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* Other Systems Work Directly On Turbine
‫• اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﺧ ﺮى ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮة ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ و‬
Components, So It Is Dependent Of Turbine
Control Panel.
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
…………………………………………………… ……………………………………………….………
The Hydraulic Trip System ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻰ‬

* It Is The Primarys Protection System Which ‫هﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ و‬ *
Connect Between Turbine Panel And Turbine ‫ ( اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ‬Shut Off ) ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ أو إﻳﻘﺎف‬
Components,Or Shut Off The Inlet Fuel Through . ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻏﻠﻖ ﺑﻠﻒ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ‬
The Main Fuel Valve .
* These Devices Shuts Off The Fuel Through The ‫* هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
Hydraulic Oil Trip And To Reduce Oil Pressure , ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ إﺧﻤﺎد ) ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ( ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ و هﺬا ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬
And This Is By Electrohydraulic Dump Valve. ‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ )ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ( ﺑﻠﻒ ) ﺻﻤﺎم ( إﺧﻤﺎد إﻟﻜﺘﺮوهﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
Over Speed Protection ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة‬
* Turbine Can Be Protected From Over ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
Speed By Two Systems: -: ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬
1 - Electronic Over Speed Protection System. .(electronic over speed protection ) ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ أﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ‬- ١
2 - Mechanical Over Speed Protection System. .(mechanical ove speed protection ‫ – ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬٢
1 - Electronic Over Speed Protection System: ‫* ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ‬
* It Consists Of 4 Magnetic Pick Ups , Each Two four magnetic ) ‫* ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪد أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻻﻗﻂ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
Magnetic Pick Up Installed On 60 Teeth Gear ‫ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬٦٠ ‫ ( آﻞ اﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ) ﻣﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮس ذو‬pick up
(Lp Shaft, Hp Shaft). ( LP shaft, HP shaft ) ( ‫ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* Magnetic Pick Up Sends Ac Volt Proportion To ‫ ( أﻧﻪ‬magnetic pick up ) ‫* وﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻻﻗﻂ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
Frequency And Velocity. And If The Speed ‫ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﺘﺮدد ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺈذا‬AC ‫ﻳﺨﺮج إﺷﺎرة‬
Reached To 110% From Rated Speed , Then It ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬%١١٠ ‫وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
Sends A Signal To Control System Then It Trips . ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺳﻞ إﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎف‬
The Turbine.
* When Electronic Over Speed System Detects ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋ ﺪة اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧ ﻰ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ زاﺋ ﺪة‬
Speed Over The Set Point, The Group Circuits ‫ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﻟﻐ ﺎء ﻧﺸ ﺎط ﺑﻠ ﻒ‬Set Point ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟـ‬
Which De Energize The Hydraulic Dump Valve (
‫( اﻟ ﺬي ﻳﻘ ﻮم ﺑﺘﺨﻔ ﻴﺾ داﺋ ﺮة زﻳ ﺖ‬20 HD) ‫اﻹﺧﻤﺎد اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
20 HD ) Which Decreases Trip Oil Circuit
2nd Stage ‫( وﺗﻔ ﺘﺢ اﻟ ـ‬SRV )‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ وﺑﺪورهﺎ ﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺑﻠ ﻒ اﻟﻐ ﺎز‬
Which Shut Off Speed Ratio Gas Valve And
Open The Second Stage Nozzle And Close Gas . (GCV ) ‫ وﺗﺆدى اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ أﻳﻀﺎ إﻟﻰ إﻏﻼق‬Nozzle
Control Valve.

Components Of Magnetic Pick Up And

‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﻼﻗﻂ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
Method Of Its Function:
-:‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬
*It Is A Fixed Magnetic Included By Coil In Insulation
‫* ه ﻮ ﻋﺒ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ ﻣﻐﻨ ﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺖ ﻣﺤ ﺎط ﺑﻤﻠ ﻒ ﻓ ﻲ ﻋ ﺎزل ﻣﺤﻜ ﻢ‬
Inside And Outside Threaded Housing.
‫اﻟﺴﺪ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴًﺎ وداﺧﻠﻴًﺎ ﻏﻼف ﻣﻘﻠﻮظ‬
* There Is A Lock-Nut Installed On The Housing ‫ ﻣﺮآﺒ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻲ اﻟﻐ ﻼف ﻟﻜ ﻲ‬Lock nut ‫* ﺗﻮﺟ ﺪ ﺻ ﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ ﻏﻠ ﻖ‬
To Adjust The Clearance Between Pick Up And Pickup ‫ﺗﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟـ‬
Rotor ( = 0.005 +- 0.05 inch ). [ 0.05 +- 0.005 inch ] = ‫واﻟﺮوﺗﻮر‬
* The Tip Of Pick Up Consists Of To Isolated - ‫ أﺣﻤ ﺮ‬١ ] ‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻜﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺰوﻟﻴﻦ‬Pickup ‫* ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟـ‬
Wires ( 1 red - 1 Wight). .[ ‫ أﺑﻴﺾ‬١
* The Gear Is A Part Of The Shaft And It Consists ‫ وﺗﺘﻜ ﻮن ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﺠﻠ ﺔ‬LP ‫* اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤ ﻮد‬
Of 60 Teeth. .‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬٦٠ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد‬
* Magnetic Filed Changes With The Distance ‫ ﺗﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻣ ﻊ‬pickup ‫ﺷﺪة اﻟﻤﺠﺎل )اﻟﻔﻴﺾ( اﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟـ‬ *
Between The Top Of Pick Up And The Tooth ‫وﺳ ﻄﺢ اﻟﺠ ﺰء اﻟﻤﺴ ﻨﻦ‬ Pickup ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻤ ﺔ ) ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ ( اﻟ ـ‬
Of The Gear , And This Generate Ac Volt ‫وه ﺬا ﻳﺨﻠ ﻖ ﺟﻬ ﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ ﺧ ﺎرج ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻼﻗ ﻂ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴ ﻲ ﺣﻴ ﺚ أن‬.
Discharged From Magnetic Pick Up. . ‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻦ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻗﻤﺔ اﻟﻼﻗﻂ‬
When The Gear Running -: ‫ﻋﻨﺪ دوران اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻦ‬

The Frequency Of Generated Volt Equal The
‫ ﻳﺴﺎوي ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد‬HZ ‫ﻓﺈن ﺗﺮدد اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﺑـ‬
Speed Of Turbine Shaft. ‫واﻟﺠﻬﺪ هﻮ داﻟﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮوﺗﻮر‬. ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬/ ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﺔ‬LP
‫وﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻦ وﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻼﻗﻄـ‬
1- LP SHAFT
2- M.Pickup
3- Tubing Glass Levine
4- Connector
5- Plug blat
* Signals From Pick Up Converts To DC Volt D.C ‫ ﺗﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻲ إﺷﺎرات ﺟﻬﺪ‬PICKUP ‫* إﺷﺎرات ﺧﺮج اﻟـ‬
Proportion Directly With Its Frequency .(LP ‫ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻊ ﺗﺮددهﺎ )أي ﻣﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬
( i.e. LP Speed ).
These Signals Is Used For : -: ‫وهﺬﻩ اﻹﺷﺎرات ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ‬
1 – Monitor And Control The Turbine At Start Startup ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت‬Speed Control ‫ ﺑﺪء ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬-١
Up And Shut Down. .Shutdown ،‫أ‬
2 – It Used A Feed Back For Speed Control For Speed ‫ آﺈﺷﺎرة ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬-٢
During Normal Operation. . ‫أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬Control
3 – To Stop The Turbine When Occurring Over Over Speed ‫ ﻹﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﺳﺮﻋﺔ زاﺋﺪة‬-٣
Speed.
Remark : : ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
* All Previous Information Applied For Double ‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴ ﻖ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ ﺎت‬ Two Shaft ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت‬
Shaft And Single Shaft Turbines. Single Shaft ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ذآﺮهﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‬
2 - Mechanical Over Speed

mechanical over ) ‫ – ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬٢
Protection System .( speed protection system
* It consists of a bolt installed on a spring ‫* ه ﻮ ﻋﺒ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ ﻣﻴﻜ ﺎﻧﻴﺰم ﻳﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﺴ ﻤﺎر ﻣﺮآ ﺐ ﻋ ﻞ ﻳ ﺎى‬
included on the shaft. .‫ﻣﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
* When the shaft speed increases and the ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺰداد ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد وﻟﻢ ﻳﺘ ﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﻈ ﺎم اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧ ﻰ ﻷى‬
elctronic system does not activated and the
‫ ( ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﻘ ﻮة اﻟﻄ ﺎردة‬112 % ) ‫ﺳ ﺒﺐ ووﺻ ﻠﺖ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ إﻟ ﻰ‬
speed reached to 112 % , then the cenrefugual
force of the shaft increases and push the spring ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤ ﻮد ﺗ ﺰداد ﻓﺘﻀ ﻐﻂ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻴ ﺎى ﻓﻴﺨ ﺮج اﻟﻤﺴ ﻤﺎر إﻟ ﻰ‬
out side , then the bolt come out and touch with ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻓﻴﺼﻄﺪم ﺑﺰﻧﺎد ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰم ﻳﻔﻨﺢ ﻓﺘﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﺴ ﺎر‬
atrigger cnnected with a mechanism which
‫اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﺨ ﺰان ﻓﻴﻘ ﻞ ﺿ ﻐﻂ اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﻓ ﻰ اﻟ ﺪاﺋﺮة ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺤ ﺪ‬
opens the oil drain to the tank , this means that the
oil pressure in hydraulic system was decreased , ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﺮﺳﻞ إﺷ ﺎرة إﻟ ﻰ ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻜ ﻰ ﻳﻐﻠ ﻖ ﺑﻠ ﻒ اﻟﻐ ﺎز‬
then it send a signal to control system to shut off
.‫ﻳﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
the fuel gas valve and trips the turbine.
‫‪Overspeed Bolt Testing‬‬ ‫‪Overspeed Bolt Testing‬‬
‫‪* We Must Perform A Periodically Test For The‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻣﺴﻤﺎر اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ) ‪ ( The Over Speed Bolt‬ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫‪Over Speed Bolt To Ensure That The Bolt‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤ ﻞ اﺧﺘﺒ ﺎر ﻟ ﻪ دورﻳ ﺎ وذﻟ ﻚ ﻟﻀ ﻤﺎن اﻟﺘﺄآ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺣﺮﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ ﻤﺎر‬
‫وإﺻﺒﻊ )اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ( اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ) ‪(Trip finger‬‬
‫‪Movement Is Free Also And The‬‬ ‫‪Trip Finger.‬‬
‫* ﺧﻄ ﻮات )إﺟ ﺮاءات( اﻹﺧﺘﺒ ﺎر ﻣﻮﺟ ﻮدة ﻓ ﻰ ﺿ ﺒﻄﺎت أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ‬
‫‪* We Should Perform A Test For Each Bolt Which‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ إﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Found On Each Turbine Shafts.‬‬ ‫* ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر آﻞ ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﺻ ﻴﻦ ﺑﻜ ﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪When We Perform Tests :‬‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪# At Major Inspection.‬‬ ‫‪Major Inspection‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﺮة‬ ‫‪#‬‬
‫‪# Each Two Months (When Turbine Stopped).‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺮات ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ آﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ) ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ (‬ ‫‪#‬‬
‫‪# Annually As Apart Of Maintains.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮﻳًﺎ آﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪#‬‬
‫‪* For Turbines Which Work Along All The Year‬‬ ‫* واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻰ ﺗﺴ ﺘﻤﺮ ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ أآﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻧ ﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ﻰ‬
‫‪(Heavy Duty).‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ إﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻰ أول ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

Over Temperature Protection Over Temp . Protection

* It Protect The Turbine Againest A Faulire Due To ‫* ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣ ﻦ درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة اﻟﺰاﺋ ﺪة ﻳﺤﻤ ﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺿ ﺪ‬
Fire Or High Temperature , And It Works After Faulire ‫إﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ زاﺋ ﺪ ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻟ ﻼزم )ﺳ ﺮﻳﻊ( وه ﻮ ﻧﻈ ﺎم‬
Of Control Systems For Each Speed And Temperature. ‫ﻣﺴ ﺎﻋﺪ وﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﻓﺸ ﻞ هﻴﻤﻨ ﺔ دواﺋ ﺮ اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ آ ﻼ ﻣ ﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ و درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
* Under Normal Operation , The Over Temperature ‫* ﻋﻨ ﺪ )ﺗﺤ ﺖ( ﻇ ﺮوف اﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﺈن ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻟ ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻰ‬
Protection System Reacts To Limit (Control ) Gas Fuel ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﻨﻈﻢ ﺳﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﻟﻮﺻ ﻮل‬
Flow When Reaching To Firing Temperature. ‫اﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
* In The Other Side , If There Is A Faulire , The ‫* ﻣ ﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻰ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺪوث إﺧﻔ ﺎق )ﻋﺠ ﺰ( ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻓ ﺈن‬
Exhaust Temperature And Fuel Flow May Exceed ‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم وﺳﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز ﺣﺪود اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
Control Limits.
* In Thih Circumfernce, The Over Temperature ‫* ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻈﺮوف ﻓ ﺈن ﻧﻈ ﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ زﻳ ﺎدة درﺟ ﺔ اﻟﺤ ﺮارة‬
Protection System Gives Alarm Over ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻰ إﻧ ﺬار درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة زاﺋ ﺪة ﻣﻌﻠﻨ ﺔ ﻗﺒ ﻞ إﻳﻘ ﺎف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ وه ﺬا‬
Temperature Before Trips The Turbine And This ‫ﻳﺴ ﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺸ ﻐﻞ أن ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﻟﺪﻳ ﻪ وﻗ ﺖ آ ﻰ ﻻﻳﺤﻤ ﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ وﺑ ﺬﻟﻚ‬
Permits For Operator To Avoid Loaded The Turbine .‫ﻳﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ إذا زادت درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬
If The Exhaust Temperature Increased To High Levels.
-: ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬
General :
* Set point alarm is over temperature control point ‫ ( ﺗﻌﻠﻮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬Set Point Alarm ) ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻻﻧﺬار‬ *
by 20 F. 20 F ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬
* Set point trip is over temperature control point ‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ درﺟﺔ‬Trip Set Point ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻻﻳﻘﺎف‬ *
by 40 F. 40 F ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬
Relation Between Tex & PCD T exh , PCD ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
* The aim of this system is to provide the turbine with ‫ا*ﻟﻬ ﺪف ﻣ ﻦ ه ﺬا اﻟﻨﻈ ﺎم أﻧ ﻪ ﻳ ﺰود اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ذات اﻟﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ‬
a set point temperature limit. ‫اﻟﻤﺤ ﻮري ﻣﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺎت ﺑﺤ ﺪود ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ ﺿ ﺒﻂ درﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة‬
* This relation is detrmined by compretion ratio with a set point Temp. Limit
across the turbine. . ‫ﺗﺘﺤﺪد ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬ •
* This is very important because the compression ratio ‫• وه ﺬا ﻻزم ﻷن ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻟﻀ ﻐﻂ ﺗﺘﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻣ ﻊ ﺗﻐﻴ ﺮ اﻟﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ‬
changes with speed . .‫آﺒﻴﺮة ﺟﺪًا‬

‫• ﻳﻨ ﺘﺞ أﻳﻀ ًﺎ ﻋ ﻦ ﺗﻐﻴ ﺮ واﺳ ﻊ )آﺒﻴ ﺮ ( ﻓ ﻲ ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ ﺿ ﺒﻂ درﺟ ﺔ‬
* This results from a large change in temperature set point.
Temp. Set Point ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
The Horizontal Line : ‫• اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬

* Excpress about the maximum limit temperature. .‫• ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ أﻗﺼﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎدم ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ‬
*This limit is based to limit temperature of exhaust frame. . ‫* هﺬا اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﺆﺳﺲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺪود درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﺎدم‬
The Slope Line : -: ‫* اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ‬
* Express about exhaust temperature or interance ‫ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪود درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدم أو درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬ *
temperature which turbine designed however
. PCD ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ )آﻠﻤﺎ( ازادات ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ أو‬
increasing pcd or pressure ratio.
. ‫* هﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ( ﻟﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬
* This curve is independent for each turbine.
(‫* وﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي ) اﻟﺒﺎروﻣﺘﺮي‬
* It considers the average atmospheric pressure and
‫وﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻌﺎدم اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺮاآﻢ‬
the exhaust back pressure.
Flam Detection And Protection System Flam Detection And Protection System
* It Is One Of Turbine Protection Systems. ‫* ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم اآﺘﺸﺎف ) ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ( اﻟﻠﻬﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ وﻗﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
* It Used To Detect And Monitor The Flame ‫* وهﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒ وﻳﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ داﺧﻞ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ وﻟﻜﻰ‬
Inside Combustion Chamber And To Stop The ‫ﻳﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اذا آﺎن هﻨﺎك ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
Turbine If There Is Loss Of Flame.
There Are Two Requirements For This System: ‫*ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﻴﻦ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم إآﺘﺸﺎف وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ هﻤﺎ‬
1 – Protect The Turbine During Start Up Where ‫ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﺤﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﺪء ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺷﻌﺎل )ﺣﺮق( اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ -١
The Fire Is Established At 20 % Rpm. ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬%٢٠ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺷﻤﻌﺎت اﻻﺷﻌﺎل ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻰ‬
* These Spark Plugs Continues Ignites For 1 ‫ وﺑﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬. ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ‬١ ‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﻌﺎت ﺗﺤﺘﺮق ﻟﻤﺪة‬ *
Minuet, At The End Of This Time The Flame ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻﺑﺪ )ﻳﺠﺐ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ أن ﻳﺤﺲ )ﻳﺸﻌﺮ( ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻓﻰ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ أو أن ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬
Detector Should Detect The Fire Inside
‫إﺟﻬﺎﺿﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﻠﻖ ﺑﻠﻒ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد وﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ داﺋﺮة اﻹﺷﻌﺎل وإﻳﻘﺎف‬
Combustion Chamber ,Otherwise The Start Up
Will Stopped And The Fuel Gas Valve Will
Shuts Off.
2 – Protect The Turbine From Flame Out During ‫ ( أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬Flame Out ) ‫ ﻳﺤﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮهﺞ‬-٢
Operation.
*If There Is Loss Of Flame And It Was Detected ‫إذا ﺣﺪث ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ وﺗﻢ اآﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ أﺛﻨﺎءﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈن‬ •
During Turbine Operation, At This Time The Gas ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﺳﻴﺘﻮﻗﻒ وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Valve Will Close And The Turbine Will Stops.

‫‪Vibration Protecion‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎت )اﻻهﺘﺰازات(‬
‫‪* Vibration Protection System Consists Of‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻهﺘﺰاز )اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎت( ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫*‬
‫‪Vibration‬‬ ‫‪Sensors‬‬ ‫‪Installed‬‬ ‫‪On‬‬ ‫‪The‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت اﻹهﺘﺰاز ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻣﺎآﻦ‬
‫‪Following Places :‬‬ ‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – All Bearings Of The Turbines.‬‬ ‫‪ – ١‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 – Bearings Of Generator.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪3 – Load Gear Box‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﺬى ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ واﻟﺤﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪* These Sensors Measure The Vibration Then‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﻘﻴﺎس اﻻهﺘﺰاز ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮﺳﻠﻪ إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪It Send It To Control System To Trip The‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ إذا زاد ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪود‬
‫‪Turbine If It Exceedsover Its Allowabl Limits.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪* The System Monitors Two Levels Of‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻳﺮاﻗﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻻهﺘﺰاز هﻤﺎ ‪_:‬‬
‫‪Vibration :‬‬
‫‪1 – Alarm Point‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻹﻧﺬار ) ‪( Alarm‬‬
‫‪2 – Trip Point.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻹﻳﻘﺎف ‪Trip‬‬
‫‪This System Perform Alarm And Trip‬‬ ‫* ﻩذا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞ ‪ Trip , Alarm‬ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫; ‪For The Turbine Through‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ آﻼ ﻣﻦ ‪_:‬‬

‫‪1 – Turbine Control Panel.‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪2 – Hydraulic Oil Trip.‬‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﻧﻈﺎم اﻹﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻰ‬
‫‪3 – Dump Valve.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﻠﻒ اﻻﺧﻤﺎد ‪Dump valve‬‬

The Main Function Is : _: ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ هﻰ‬ *
1 – Alarm Vibration ( In Any Part Due To Any ( ‫ﻓﻰ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺎ ) ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ Alarm Vib. -١
Fault In The Circuit).
2 – Alarm ( When The Vibration Increases ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ اﻻهﺘﺰاز اﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ Alar -٢
To High Levels).
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻهﺘﺰاز اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ Trip - ٣
3 – Trip ( At High Levels Of Vibration).
_: ‫* ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺎم هﻰ‬

Systems Components :
1 - Vib . Transduces ( pick ups ) ( ‫ ﻧﺎﻗﻼت اهﺘﺰاز ) ﻻﻗﻂ‬-١
1 - VIB . Transduces ( Pick Ups )
2- Vib. Alarm Card (SVDE ) ‫ آﺎرت إﻧﺬار اهﺘﺰاز‬-٢
2- VIB. Alarm Card (SVDE )
3- Vib Trip And Fault ‫ آﺎرت ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اهﺘﺰاز وآﺸﻒ ﺧﻄﺄ‬-٣
3- VIB Trip And Fault Detected Card SVDC Detected Card SVDC
4-VIB Calibration And Read Out Card SVD 4- Vib Calibration And Read ‫ آﺎرت ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة وﻓﺼﻞ‬-٤
Out Card SVDD

‫اﻟﺒــﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬

‫‪CHAPTER 8‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒــﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬
‫‪MAINTANANCE‬‬ ‫اﻟـﺼـﻴـــﺎﻧــﺔ‬
‫……… ‪* Maintenance Scope‬‬ ‫◊ أهﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وأهﺪاﻓﻬﺎ‪................‬‬
‫……… ‪* Maintenance Types‬‬ ‫◊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪..........................‬‬
‫‪* Results Of Ignoring Maintenance ..‬‬ ‫◊ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ إهﻤﺎل اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪...................‬‬
‫‪* Maintenance Requirements ……..‬‬ ‫◊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪......................‬‬
‫‪* Maintenance Application Steps….‬‬ ‫◊ ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪......‬‬

Maintenance Application Steps ‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
* In This Chapter We Will Talk About Several : ‫ﺳﻮف ﻧﺘﻨﺎول ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻮد اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
Important Bands Such As: Maintenance Meaning, ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وأهﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻘﻬﺎ واﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ إهﻤﺎل‬
Importance Of Maintenance Application, The
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ و أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬
Results Of Ignoring It, Maintenance Types,
Maintenance Requirements, .........‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ و‬
The Correct Meaning For Maintenance: : ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬

* It Is A Group Of Means And Procedures And
Continuous Operations Which We Should Perform ‫ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻹﺟﺮاءات وﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬:‫هﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺪف وﺿﻊ اﻵﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ‬
To Put The Machine In Good Position For operation.
. ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد اﻟﺘﺎم ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
Maintenance And Scopes Of Maintenance: . : ‫ أهﻤﻴﺔ وأهﺪاف اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬-

* Maintenance Is A Continuous Operation, When ‫واﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﻗﻮف اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
The Machine Is Running And When The Machine Is ‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻶﻟﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض أﺟﺰاء اﻵﻻت واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
Stopped Because Machines Overrides To Many ‫وأﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻟﻸﻋﻄﺎل ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ واﻟﺘﻠﻒ واﻟﺼﺪأ‬
Problems Such As Corrosion, Oxidation, During Its . ‫ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة ﻋﻤﺮهﺎ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ‬.......... ‫و‬
Operating Life.
* Maintenance Benefits: :‫أهﺪاف اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬

1 – Keep Good Stations For Machine And Ensure
‫ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺪة ﻟﻶﻟﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬- ‫ا‬
Good production ‫وﺿﻤﺎن ﺣﺴﻦ اﻷداء وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﻮدة اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬
2 – Less Malfunctions And Less Economic Costs. ‫ اﻹﻗﻼل ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪوث اﻷﻋﻄﺎل وﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرة اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬- ‫ب‬
3 – Increase The Age Life For Machine. ‫ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ ﻟﻶﻻت‬- ‫ج‬
4 – Stability Operating Conditions. .‫ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة‬- ‫د‬
‫‪First: Maintenance Types‬‬ ‫أو ًﻻ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪:.‬‬

‫ا‪ -‬اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪1 - Preventive Maintenance‬‬
‫‪* It Is A Group Of Inspections And Services‬‬ ‫* هﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎت واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ دورﻳﺔ‬
‫وﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻄﺔ زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ) ﺗﺤﺪد ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺼﻨﻌﻲ اﻵﻟﺔ‬
‫‪Which Performed Periodically According To A‬‬ ‫أو ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ ذو اﻟﺨﺒﺮة اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ( ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫‪Plan (Through Maintenance Engineers) To Treat‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮر إن وﺟﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ وﻗﻮع اﻟﻌﻄﻞ أو اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Any Malfunction If Found Before It Happened.‬‬
‫* وﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﻴًﺎ وأﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎ وﺷﻬﺮﻳًﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫‪* Maintenance Is Performed Daily, Weekly, And‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺪوري اﻟﻈﺎهﺮي ﻷﺟﺰاء ووﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨﺔ وإﺟﺮاء‬
‫‪Monthly, Where The Periodical Inspection And‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ واﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ وﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺟﺰاء‬
‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ إذا ﻟﺰم ذﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫……‪Cleaning And Greasing And Lubricating‬‬
‫‪2 - Corrective Maintenance‬‬ ‫‪-2‬اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪It Is A Group Of Operations To Repair The‬‬ ‫* هﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻹﺻﻼح اﻵﻻت ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫‪Machines According To A Plan, And In This Type‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ) ﺗﺤﺪد ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺼﻨﻌﻲ اﻵﻟﺔ أو ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ ذو اﻟﺨﺒﺮة اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ( وﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪We Should Perform The Following:‬‬
‫‪1 – Replacement The Defected Parts Which Its‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ أو اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺘﻲ اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻤﺮهﺎ‬
‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Life Was Finished.‬‬
‫‪2 – Repairing The Defected Parts To Use It Again‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻹﺻﻼح ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺟﺰاء ﺑﻬﺪف‬
‫إﻋﺎدة اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ ) إﺻﻼح اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺘﺂآﻞ أو‬
‫‪If Possible (Welding …).‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺸﻘﻖ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم ‪(.........‬‬
‫‪3 – Adjust And Calibration For Some Parts Which‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻀﺒﻂ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮة ﻟﺒﻌﺾ أﺟﺰاء اﻵﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫‪Need This Procedure.‬‬
‫‪3 – Emergency Maintenance‬‬ ‫ج – اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻻﺳﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻄﺎرﺋﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪* It Is A Group Of Operations To Repair The Machine‬‬
‫‪Due To Emergency Damage Cause To‬‬ ‫‪Stop The‬‬ ‫هﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻹﺻﻼح اﻵﻻت ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺤﺪوث ﺗﻠ ﻒ‬
‫‪Machine Without Any Previous Plan.‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﻳﺆدي إﻟ ﻰ وﻗ ﻮف اﻵﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻐﻴ ﺮ ﻣﺨﻄ ﻂ ﻟﻬ ﺎ ‪ .‬وﻋ ﺎدة ﻣ ﺎ ﻳﻜ ﻮن‬
‫) ‪* usually this damage is due to FALSE ( Incorrect‬‬
‫ﺼ ﻨﻊ ) اﻟﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺳ ﺒﺐ ه ﺬا اﻟﻌﻄ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺪم إﺗﺒ ﺎع ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﺎت اﻟﻤ ّ‬
‫‪Operation,‬‬ ‫‪Or‬‬ ‫‪Don't‬‬ ‫‪Perform‬‬ ‫‪Manufacturing‬‬
‫‪Instructions, Or Don't Perform The Correct Preventive‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ( أو ﻋﺪم ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Maintenance.‬‬

Maintenance
Benefit Preventive Corrective

Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance
Design Out Puts Spare Parts Indirect Direct Non Plan Failure Plan Faliure
Benefits - through early - lubriction
discovring the - cleaning
failure - spare parts plan
replacment
USE MEASURRING Using

DEVICES - hear
- VESCOSITY - eye
- TEMPERATURE - smel
- ALIINGMENT
‫رﺳﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎل ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬
‫) ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ (‬ ‫) ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ (‬
‫ـ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ـ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻋﻄﺎل‬
‫ـ اﻹﺣﻼل اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﻮاس‬

‫ـ اﻟﻠﺰوﺟﺔ ـ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ـ اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬
‫ـ اﻻهﺘﺰازات ـ اﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ـ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬
‫ـ أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ـ اﻻﺗﺰان‬ ‫ـ اﻟﺘﺬوق‬
‫ـ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮات‬ ‫ـ اﻟﺸﻢ‬
‫ـ اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬ ‫ـ اﻟﻠﻤﺲ‬

Results Of Ignoring Maintenance ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ إهﻤﺎل اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬- ٢ ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬- ١
1 – Power Losses 2 – Increase Costs.
3 – Decrease Quality. 4 – Decrease Production. ‫ – اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻹﻧﻨﺎج‬٤ ‫ – اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺠﻮدة‬٣
5 – Exit From Markets. 6 – Bad Environment Of Work.
‫ – ﺳﻮء ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬٥ ‫ – اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻮاق‬٥
Maintenance Scopes ‫أهﺪاف واﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
* Maintenance Management Should Put Strategy

‫* ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ إدارة اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ أن ﺗﻀﻊ اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬
Aims For The Next Year. And This Strategy Should .‫واﻷهﺪاف ﻟﻠﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬
Include The Following Bands:
: ‫* وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﺘﻮى اﻷهﺪاف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﻮد اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬
1–The Method Of Performing Plan Maintenance Programs.
. ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬-١
2 – Avoid The Non Plan Failures.
.‫ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻷﻋﻄﺎل اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬-٢
3 – Plan For Finishing Main Projects and Operations.
.‫ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل واﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬-٣
4 – Inspection Programs.
.‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮات‬ ‫ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬-٤
Maintenance Programs Can't Success ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺠﺎح ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬

Unless The Following Aims Achieved: :‫اﻻﻟﺘﺰام وﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻷهﺪاف اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬
.‫ـ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة وﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬١

1 – Continue Operate The Machines With High
Efficiency.
.‫ـ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬٢
2 – Applicator Maintenance Programs Strategies.
‫ـ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺧﻔﺾ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ‬٣
3 – Achieved Decreasing In Maintenance Costs To
.‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬
Arrive The International Rates.
4 – Keep Workers Activity When We Show ‫ـ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ آﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺧﻔﺾ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﺮط‬٤
Decreasing In Costs, So That Keep The Quality ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ وآﻔﺎءة اﻷداء‬
And Efficiency.
‫‪Technical Documents For‬‬

‫أهﻢ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Maintenance Operations‬‬
‫‪1 – Drawings In Details For Machine Parts‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺮﺳ ﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﺼ ﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻ ﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت واﻟﺴ ﻤﺎﺣﺎت‬
‫‪(Dimensions – Weights-…).‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪات ) اﻷﺑﻌﺎد – اﻷوزان ‪ -‬اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬

‫‪ ٠٠٠٠٠٠‬اﻟﺦ(‪.‬‬
‫‪2 – Codes List For Machine And The‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻷآﻮاد ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪة وﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر واﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬
‫‪Technical Description For Them.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪3 – Data About Special Parts And Time Of‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ) ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ دوﻟﻴﺔ أو‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ( و زﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪ واﻟﺴﻌﺮ وﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻮردﻳﻦ‪ ٠٠‬اﻟﺦ‪.‬‬
‫…… ‪Import And Price‬‬
‫– ‪4 – Manuals (Catalogs) For (Installation‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬آﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ) ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ – ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ – ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪Operation – Maintenance).‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬

‫‪5 – Maintenance Catalogue Should Include‬‬
‫‪The Instruction Of Corrective Maintenance‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ وآﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻚ وﺗﺮآﻴﺐ اﻷﺟﺰاء‪.‬‬
‫‪And How To Disassemble And Assemble‬‬

‫‪All Parts.‬‬
‫‪6 – For Each Unit, It Should Be There‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻜﻞ وﺣﺪة أو ﻣﻌﺪة ﺧﻄﻮات وﻓﺘﺮات‬
‫‪Steps, Periods, And Methods Of Protective‬‬ ‫وﻃﺮق اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ إﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺰء‬
‫‪Maintenance That We Should Perform For‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺪة ‪.‬‬
‫‪Each Part.‬‬

Comparison Between Pm And TPM

American Thinking Japanese Thinking
Preventive Maintenance Total Production Maintenance
( PM ) ( TPM )
It Concrete For The Specialist On It Put To Benefit The Efficiency Of

Machines Maintenance, Although It Production Systems As Possible.
1 Increase The Efficiency Of Machine, Production Efficiency Increases By
It Can't Increase The Total Efficiency Benefit Manufacturing Methods By
For Production Operations Maintaining Tools.
Operators Are Responsple For Operators Should Perform Routine

Production Operations, While Maintenance For Their Tools (Cleaning
2 Maintenance Staff Is Rsponsples For – Lubrication – Inspection – Bolt Tighten
Routine Maintenance And Inspection, - ….), While Maintenance Staff Performs
And Install Spare Parts. Install Spare Parts And Maintenance
Operations.
There Isn't The Idea Of Small Work It Consists Of A Small Group For
3 Group Because All People Share In Activates Through All Members , And
Work. All Persons Share With It From High
Management To Workers, And It Called
Co Operation worker Groups
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ) ‪ ( PM‬واﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ) ‪(TPM‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ‪ -‬اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻰ ‪ -‬اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫م‬

‫) ‪( PM‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ) ‪(TPM‬‬
‫)‪ (TPM‬وﺿﻌﺖ ﺑﻐﺮض ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ )‪ ( PM‬ﻳﺮآﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‪،‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫وﺣﺘﻰ إن آﺎن ﻳﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ آﻔﺎءة اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ آﻔﺎءة اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫آﻔﺎءة اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﺑﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﺎول اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫أﺳﺎس آﻔﺎءة اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻠﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺮوﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺪاﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫) اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -‬اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ ‪ -‬رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ‪ -‬اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ -‬اﻟﺦ ‪ (٠‬ﻳﻜﻮن ﻃﺎﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻮن ﻋﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻟﻸﻋﻄﺎل وﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺮوﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﺤﺺ واﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﺗﺮآﻴﺐ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﺮآﻴﺐ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻃﺎﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻟﻔﻜﺮة ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬ ‫)‪ (TPM‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻳﺸ ﺎرك‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ آﻴﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻤﺸﺎرآﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ وﻳﺸﺎرك ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫وﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬

‫‪Third – Steps Of Application‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ – ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Maintenance‬‬
‫‪Before‬‬ ‫‪Mention‬‬ ‫‪Steps‬‬ ‫‪Of‬‬ ‫‪Maintenance‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮد ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻻﺑ ﺪ أن ﻧ ﺬآﺮ‬
‫‪Application‬‬ ‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪Should‬‬ ‫‪Note‬‬ ‫‪That‬‬ ‫‪The‬‬ ‫أﻧ ﻪ ﻣ ﻦ واﺟﺒ ﺎت اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺴ ﺌﻮﻟﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺸ ﺄة اﺧﺘﻴ ﺎر‬
‫‪Management Is Responsible Of Chaise The‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺌﻮل ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ أو ًﻻ ‪ ،‬وه ﻮ اﻟﺸ ﺨﺺ‬
‫‪Person Who Is The First Responsible About‬‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﺳﻮف ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻪ ﻋ ﺐء ﺗﻨﻔﻴ ﺬ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﻄ ﻮات‬
‫‪Maintenance, And He Will Perform These Steps‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ دﻋﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻹدارة ﻟﺘﺬﻟﻴﻞ آﻞ اﻟﺼ ﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬
‫‪And He Supported From The Management To‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺘﺮض ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Facilitate All Problems For Him.‬‬
‫وﻧﻠﺨﺺ ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

‫‪The Correct Steps Of Application‬‬
‫‪Maintenance Are :‬‬
‫‪1 – Determine All Machines And‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻵﻻت واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Devices Which Need To Maintain‬‬
‫‪It Should Be Collect All Unit Components‬‬ ‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺣﺼ ﺮ ﺟﻤﻴ ﻊ ﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺸ ﺄة اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺤﺘ ﺎج إﻟ ﻰ ﺻ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Which Need To Maintain And Rearrange It‬‬ ‫وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺣﺴ ﺐ اﻷهﻤﻴ ﺔ ‪.‬ﻓ ﻲ ﺟ ﺪول أوﻟ ﻲ ﻳﻮﺿ ﺢ ﻣﻮاﺻ ﻔﺎت‬
‫‪According To Its Importance In A Table Show‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت وﻋ ﺪدهﺎ وﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬ ﺎ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸ ﺄة وﻏﻴﺮه ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫‪Specifications And Its Numbers And It Place,‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ ﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌ ﺮف ﻋﻠ ﻰ آ ﻞ ﻣﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 – Insure That All Catalogues Are‬‬
‫ﺼﻨﻊ‪. :‬‬
‫‪-٢‬اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ آﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻤ ّ‬
‫‪Found‬‬
‫إن ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ آﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺼّﻨﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ واﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪This Point Is The Most Importance Because The‬‬
‫وﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪Manufacture Mentions All Data And Instructions‬‬
‫أهﻢ اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم إﻏﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
‫‪For The Method Of Correct Maintenance And‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪ .‬إذ أن اﻟﻤﺼّﻨﻊ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺬآﺮ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬
‫‪Spare Parts And The Correct Method For‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺺ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ وﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
‫‪Operation.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت ‪.‬‬

3 – Determine Maintenance Operation: : ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬-٣
* Maintenance Group Must Read All Supplier ‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ اﻹﻃ ﻼع ﻋﻠ ﻰ آ ﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﺎت اﻟﻤ ﻮرد واﻟﺸ ﺮآﺔ اﻟﺼ ﺎﻧﻌﺔ‬
Instructions And Manufacturing Company Which
‫ﺼ ﻨﻊ أو‬
ّ ‫ ﻷن اﻟﻤ‬، ‫اﻟﻤ ﺬآﻮرة ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟ ﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
Mentioned In Catalogues , Because The Supplier Is
The Important Side For Maintenance Group To ‫اﻟﻤﻮرد هﻮ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻻﻋﺘﻤ ﺎد‬
Dependant On Applicator The Preventive And ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴ ﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺎت اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ واﻹﺻ ﻼﺣﻴﺔ وﻃﻠ ﺐ‬
Corrective Maintenance Operation And Spare Parts
‫ وﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰم ذﻟﻚ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﺮﻳ ﻖ اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ إﻃ ﻼع‬. ‫ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر‬
Order.
* This Means That Maintenance Staff Should Read ‫داﺋﻢ وﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت وﻗﺮاءﺗﻬﺎ واﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ‬
And Understand Continuously These Catalogs .‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻴﻬﺎ آﻞ ﻣﺎ دﻋﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
Before Start In Maintenance Operation, And Return
To These Catalogs If Necessary
: ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎذج وﺟﺪاول اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬-٤

4 – Preparing Maintenance Schedules:
After Determining Maintenance Operations It ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
Should Put In Models And Tables Designed . ‫ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
According To Operations Type.
* The Daily Operations Assembled In One Model ، ‫ﻓﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮذج واﺣﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺁﻟﺔ‬
، ‫واﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻷﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮذج واﺣﺪ‬
For Each Machine,
. ‫واﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ وهﻜﺬا‬
* The Weekly And Monthly Operations Also.And So On.
5 – Put A Maintenance Plan: : ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬-٥
It Should Be Put A Future Plan For Maintenance
Operations By Putting Maintenance Periodic Plan ‫ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ﺗﺼﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﺔ‬
(Monthly – Annually) For Each Machine ‫ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺔ ( ﻟﻜﻞ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬-‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ) ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬
According To Manufacturing Company Instructions. ‫اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﻧﻌﺔ‬
And Also It Should: : ‫وﻳﺮاﻋﻰ أﻳﻀﺎ اﻵﺗﻲ‬

.‫ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ واﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬-١
1 - Save The Workers.
.‫ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر واﻟﻌﺪد واﻷدوات اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬-٢
2 - Save Spare Parts And Tools
3 – Determine Holidays Times. .‫أوﻗﺎت اﻟﺬروة واﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻢ‬-٣
4 – Determine Technical Holidays. .‫أﺟﺎزات اﻷﻋﻴﺎد وأﺟﺎزات اﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ‬-٤
‫‪6 – Training The Technical Persons:‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪* The Important Element Is The Training Workers‬‬ ‫* ﻣ ﻦ أه ﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻ ﺮ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺮﻓ ﻊ آﻔ ﺎءة ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Which‬‬ ‫‪Increase‬‬ ‫‪Maintenance‬‬ ‫‪Operation‬‬ ‫‪And‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌ ﺪات وﺧﻔ ﺾ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻔﻬ ﺎ ه ﻮ ﻋﻨﺼ ﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺑ ﺔ‬
‫‪Decrease Its Costs. It Should Be Choose The‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﺤﺪاث ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫‪Persons Which Able To Understand The Failures‬‬

‫ﻣﺴ ﺌﻮل اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻧﺘﻘ ﺎء اﻷﻓ ﺮاد اﻟ ﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻮﺳ ﻢ ﻓ ﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﻘ ﺪرة‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﺳ ﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻷﺷ ﻴﺎء وﻣﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺣ ﺪات واﻟﻤﻌ ﺪات و‬
‫‪And Its Causes And Methods Of Repairing It , And‬‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﺪرة ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺗﻤﻴﻴ ﺰ اﻷﻋﻄ ﺎل وأﺳ ﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎ وإﺻ ﻼﺣﻬﺎ و‬
‫‪Perform Continuous Training For Them.‬‬
‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪* The Training Workers Decrease The Amount Of‬‬ ‫* آﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺗﺨﻔﺾ آﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫‪Used Spare Parts By Inspect The Units And‬‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺸ ﻒ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻮﺣ ﺪات وﻣﻌﺮﻓ ﺔ‬
‫‪Determine What Toole Are Should Be Replaced‬‬ ‫ﻣ ﺎ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ اﺳ ﺘﺒﺪاﻟﻪ وﻣ ﺎ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻔ ﻪ وإﺻ ﻼﺣﻪ وﺗﺮآﻴﺒ ﻪ‬
‫‪And Cleaning And Repaired To Install It Again In‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻵﻟﺔ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ‪.‬‬
‫‪The Machine.‬‬
‫‪* Using Training Workers Achieve‬‬ ‫وﻧﺴ ﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣ ﻦ ذﻟ ﻚ أن اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺑ ﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺆدى إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪The Following:‬‬
‫–‪1‬‬ ‫‪Increase Operation Unit Efficiency.‬‬ ‫‪ ·1‬رﻓﻊ آﻔﺎءة ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬
‫‪2 – Decrease Damages During Maintenance‬‬ ‫‪ ·2‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﻴﺎت أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Operations.‬‬
‫–‪3‬‬ ‫‪Decrease Spare Parts.‬‬ ‫‪ ·3‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫–‪4‬‬ ‫‪Decrease The Time Necessary To Finish The‬‬ ‫‪ ·4‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وإﺗﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬
‫‪Maintenance Operation.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﺪاول‪.‬‬
‫‪5 – Preparing To Avoided The Emergency‬‬ ‫‪ ·5‬اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد اﻟﺘﺎم ﻟﻤﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻄﺎرﺋﺔ‬
‫‪Conditions And Critical Stations.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر ‪.-:‬‬

‫‪7 – Save Spare Parts :‬‬
‫‪* Saving Spare Parts And Necessary Tools Such‬‬ ‫* ﻣﻤ ﺎ ﻻﺷ ﻚ ﻓﻴ ﻪ أن ﺗ ﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻤ ﻮاد ﻣﺜ ﻞ ) زﻳ ﻮت ﺷ ﺤﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫وأﺳ ﻼك ﻣ ﻮاد ﺗﻨﻈﻴ ﻒ ‪ .......‬اﻟ ﺦ ( وآ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻄ ﻊ اﻟﻐﻴ ﺎر‬
‫‪As ( Lubricant – Grease – Wires - …..) Are Very‬‬
‫اﻟﻼزﻣ ﺔ ﻟ ﻪ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮ ﻓ ﻲ ﻧﺠ ﺎح ﺧﻄ ﻂ اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Effective To Success Maintenance Plans Which Put‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ إدارة اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪From Maintenance Staff.‬‬
‫‪* And If There Are No More Spare Parts, This‬‬ ‫* وﻳ ﺆدي ﻋ ﺪم ﺗ ﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﻄ ﻊ اﻟﻐﻴ ﺎر إﻟ ﻰ زﻳ ﺎدة اﻷﻋﻄ ﺎل‬
‫‪Cause To Increase Failures And Increase The Time‬‬
‫وﺗﻔﺎﻗﻤﻬﺎ وزﻳﺎدة ﻣﺪة ﺧﺮوج اﻵﻟﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ وﺑﺎﻟﺘ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻳ ﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫‪Of Stopping The Machine , So The Production‬‬
‫وﺟﻮدﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻌﻒ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫‪Quantity And Quality Will Decrease.‬‬
‫‪8 – Tools:‬‬ ‫‪ -٨‬اﻟﻌﺪد واﻷدوات ‪:‬‬

‫‪* Saving Tools Affects Directly For Success‬‬ ‫* ﻣﻤ ﺎ ﻻﺷ ﻚ ﻓﻴ ﻪ أن ﺗ ﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻌ ﺪد اﻟﻼزﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ ﺎت اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Maintenance Plans And Performed It In The‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻟ ﻪ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷ ﺮ ﻓ ﻲ ﻧﺠ ﺎح ﺧﻄ ﻂ اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿ ﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫‪Required Time.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ وﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬهﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻟﻬﺎ دون أي ﺗﺄﺧﻲر ‪.‬‬
‫‪* Tools Can Be Determined From Manufacturing‬‬
‫* وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﺪد واﻷدوات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺒﺔ واﻟﻼزﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻋﻤ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫‪Instructions Or From Expense And Record It In‬‬
‫واﻗ ﻊ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺼ ﻨﻌﻴﻦ أو ﻣ ﻦ واﻗ ﻊ اﻟﺨﺒ ﺮة واﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑ ﺔ وﻳ ﺘﻢ‬
‫‪Special Files And Tables.‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﺤﻔﻆ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺠﻼت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪* Saving New Tools Decrease Disassembling And‬‬ ‫* ﺑ ﻞ أن وﺟ ﻮد ﻋ ﺪد ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋ ﺔ وﻣﺘﻄ ﻮرة ) ﻣ ﺜﻼ ﻣﻔ ﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬
‫هﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ( ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻓ ﻲ ﺗﺴ ﺮﻳﻊ وﻗ ﺖ ﻓ ﻚ‬
‫‪Assembling Time , So Decreasing The Maintenance‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ووﻗﺖ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻳ ﺆدي‬
‫‪Time And Increasing Operation Time.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ﺗﺨﻔ ﻴﺾ أوﻗ ﺎت إﻧﺠ ﺎز ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺎت اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أوﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪9 – Perform Recording Date System:‬‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﻋﻤﻞ واﺳﺘﺤﺪاث ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪* If This System Is Found With Maintenance Staff , This‬‬ ‫* ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪي إدارة اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم آﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ آﻞ‬
‫‪Is Considered As The First And Last Reference For‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻬﺎ ﺧﻼل‬
‫‪Maintenance Reports Which Go To Management And‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺮة ﻋﻤﺮ اﻵﻟﺔ ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ أن اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺠﻞ ﻓﻲ هﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم هﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ اﻷول واﻷﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫‪Determine Maintenance Plan And Buy Spare Parts.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ رﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻺدارة وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﺷﺮاء ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٠‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎت‬

‫‪10 – Regulate Work (Orders) And‬‬
‫‪Responsibilities:‬‬
‫‪Technical Regulating:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪* It Means Make Description Cards For All‬‬
‫‪Maintenance Operations, And These Cards Should‬‬ ‫إن ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ هﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎت وﺻﻒ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫‪Include The Following:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪ .‬وﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪1 – Elements Of The Work Which We Will Perform.‬‬ ‫اﻵﺗﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2 – The Required Time To Perform Each Element.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮاد إﻧﺠﺎزﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫‪3 – All Required Tools To Perform This Work.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻹﻧﺠﺎز آﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﺪد واﻷدوات اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻹﺟﺮاء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫‪4 – Number Of Workers Required.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪5 – All Spare Parts Required.‬‬
‫‪Management Regulation:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻹدارﻳﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1 – Show The Construction Regulation For The Factory‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄة ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌ ﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓ ﻲ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫‪For All Workers In Maintenance Department To Know‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺴ ﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻮﻇ ﺎﺋﻒ ﻓ ﻲ آ ﻞ ﻗﺴ ﻢ ودرﺟ ﺔ‬
‫‪The Name Of Each Job, And The Arrangement Of All‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺔ آ ﻞ وﻇﻴﻔ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ اﻷﺧ ﺮى ‪ .‬وﻳﺠ ﺮي ﺗﻮزﻳ ﻊ اﻟﻌ ﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫‪jobs, The Distribute All Workers In This Department For‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴ ﻢ اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﻇ ﺎﺋﻒ وﺗﻌﺮﻳ ﻒ آ ﻞ ﻣﻮﻇ ﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎت وﻣﻬﺎم هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪These Jobs, Then Show Each Worker His Job And His‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬اﺧﺘﻴ ﺎر اﻷﺷ ﺨﺎص ﻷداء اﻷﻋﻤ ﺎل ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮزﻳ ﻊ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎت ‪،‬‬
‫‪Responsibilities.‬‬
‫وإﺻﺪار أواﻣﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ...‬وﻏﻴﺮهﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻤ ﺎل اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬
‫‪2 – Choose Persons To Perform Jobs, Distribute‬‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ‪.‬‬
‫‪Responsibility, and Perform Work Orders……..‬‬
‫‪ – ١١‬ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪11 – Monitoring Plan Perform:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﺑ ﻴﻦ‬
‫‪1 – Determine Difference Between What We Planed In‬‬ ‫ﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ﻢ إﻧﺠ ﺎزﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ وﻳ ﺘﻢ ذﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺈﺻ ﺪار ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ﺮ ﺷ ﻬﺮي ﻋ ﻦ‬
‫‪The Maintenance Plane And What We Actually Perform,‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴ ﻊ إﻧﺠ ﺎزات أﻋﻤ ﺎل اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻤ ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Then Perform Monthly Report About These Points.‬‬
‫(‪2 – Determine And Analyses Causes Of Differences.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ أﺳﺒﺎب اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‪:‬‬
‫‪Not Saving Tools , Workers, Spare Parts,……..).‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻢ دراﺳﺔ أﺳﺒﺎب اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ) ﻣ ﺜﻼ‬
‫)‪3 – Take Corrective Actions (Procedures‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ وإهﻤ ﺎل ﻓﺮﻳ ﻖ اﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘ ﺺ أو زﻳ ﺎدة ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟ ﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻷدوات واﻟﻌﺪد ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺎر وﻏﻴﺮهﺎ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬

‫‪CHAPTER 9‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬

‫‪Types Of Inspection‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﻤﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪* COMBUSION INSPECTION…..‬‬ ‫* ﻋﻤﺮة ﻋﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪..................‬‬
‫…‪* HOT GAS PATH INSPECTION‬‬ ‫* ﻋﻤﺮة ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻐﺰ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ‪............‬‬
‫‪* MAJOR INSPECTION………….‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻌﻤﺮة اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪........................‬‬
‫‪* BOROSCOPE INSPECTION….‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺮﺋﻲ ‪.......................‬‬

Types Of Inspection ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﻤﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

1 - Combustion Inspection: ‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ -1
* It Begins From Fuel Nozzle To Transition spark + liner + Fuel n0zzle ‫ﻳﺒ ﺪأ ﻣ ﻦ ] ﻓﻮﻧﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻮﻗ ﻮد‬
Piece, And It Includes:
‫) ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﻓ ﻲ‬transition piece + flame detector. + plug
(Liner+ transition piece + spark plug + flame. ).
Stage nozzle detector 1st [ 1st sate nozzle + (‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺪون ﺧﻠﻌﺔ‬
2 – Hot Gas Path Inspection

‫ ﻋﻤﺮة ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬-2
* It Includes ( Combustion Inspection + 1,2&3
+ COMBUSTION INSPECT ] ‫ﻳﺸ ﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻲ‬
Turbine Stages ).
* It Is Recommended To Take All Turbine ‫ [ ﻣ ﻊ‬1,2,3 STAGES+ TRANSITION PIECE
Clearances Before Disassembly Any Part. .‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﻢ آﻞ اﻟﺨﻠﻮﺻﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﻚ‬
3 – Major Inspection ‫ اﻟﻌﻤﺮة اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬-3

* It Begins From Flange To Flange, And ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ ﺣﻨ ﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﻳﺸ ﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻲ اﻟﻨ ﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬
Contains (Combustion Inspection + Hot Gas
Path Inspection + Rotors + Bearings + ….). + BEARINGS + CASING ( ROTOR ) + ‫اﻟﺴ ﺎﺑﻘﻴﻦ‬
* To Perform This Type We Must Remove The ‫ وﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻤ ﺮة ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ﻲ ﻓ ﻚ اﻟﺠ ﺰء اﻟﻌﻠ ﻮي ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ال‬...
Upper Half Of Casing And Bearings. .‫ وﻣﺜﺒﺘﺎت آﺮاﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬CASING
* To Calculate Number Of Hours Necessary ‫• ﻟﺤﺴ ﺎب ﻋ ﺪد اﻟﺴ ﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ﻲ ﺑ ﺪء ﻋﻤ ﻞ‬

To Start Inspection:
-:‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﻋﻨﺪهﺎ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬
1 – Calculate no. Of Starts. NO. OF STARTS ‫ﻧﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ -١
2 – Calculate Total Fired Hours. Total Fired Hours ‫ ﻧﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﺪد ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬-٢
3 – Divide ( Step 1 / Step 2 ).
4 – If The Result = 1/25 This Means That We .( ½ ) ‫ﻧﻘﺴﻢ‬ -٣
Should Perform Combustion Inspection After ‫ ﻓﻬ ﺬا ﻳﻌﻨ ﻲ أﻧ ﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ﻲ ﻋﻤ ﻞ‬٢٥/١ = ‫إذا آﺎن ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻘﺴ ﻤﺔ‬ -٤
5000 Running Hours. .‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬٥٠٠٠ ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮور‬COMBUSTION ‫ﻋﻤﺮة‬
5 – If The Result = 1/41 This Means That We
Should Perform Combustion Inspection After ‫ ﻓﻬ ﺬا ﻳﻌﻨ ﻲ أﻧ ﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ﻲ ﻋﻤ ﻞ‬٤١/١ = ‫• وإذا آ ﺎن ﺧ ﺎرج اﻟﻘﺴ ﻤﺔ‬
6000 Running Hours. .‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬٦٠٠٠ ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮور‬COMBUSTION ‫ﻋﻤﺮة‬
* The Following Table Show Scheduled ‫اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺰدوج‬
Inspections For Double Shaft Turbines:
For Gas Turbine MS 3002

N INSPECTION TYPE PERIOD FROM…..TO…
1 COMBUSTION Every 16000 hours Start From 10th Stage Of Compressor To 1st
CHAMBER Stage Nozzl
Every 24000 hours Start From 10th Stage Of Compressor To
2 HOT GAS PATH Exhaust System.
3 MAJOR Every 32000 hours To Start From Compressor Inlet To

INSPECTION Low Pressure Turbine
* There Is A Fourth Type Of Inspection ((Borescobe Inspection).
‫م‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ واﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
1 COMBUSTION Every 16000 hours ‫ﻳﺒ ﺪأ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺷ ﺮة ﻟﻠﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ ﺣﺘ ﻰ‬

CHAMBER ‫ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
st
( 1 STAGENOZZLE )
2 HOT GAS PATH Every 24000 hours ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺷ ﺮة ﻟﻠﻀ ﺎﻏﻂ ﺣﺘ ﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺰء اﻟﻌﺎدم‬
3 MAJOR Every 32000 hours ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬

INSPECTION Low Pressure Turbine
( BORESCOBE INSPECTION ) ‫* هﺬا ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻮع راﺑﻊ وهﻮ‬

: ‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﺘﺮات آﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬Liner + Transition Piece ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ال‬upgrade ‫* وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
1 – Liner Inspection After 12000 HR
2 – Combustion Inspection After 25000 HR
3 – Major Inspection After 48000 HR
Types Of Inspection In SULZER Turbines

Single Shaft Turbine
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺴﻭﻟﺯﺭ‬
Standard Overhaul Interval

( SINGL SHAFT ) ‫* ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺴﻭﻟﺯﺭ‬
Accumulated Maintenance Accumulated Maintenance

operating Code operating hours Code
hours
8000 B 120000 C
20000 C 133000 D
33000 D 150000 C
50000 C 166000 D
66000 D 185000 C
85000 C 200000 E
100000 B
B = Inspection C = Minor Over Haul

D = Major over Haul E = General Over Haul
Turbine Main Components Life Time ‫ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬
For Turbine Model GE 10 ( GE 10 ) ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺩﻴل‬
* Replacement Of Hot Parts Replacement of Hot ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺨﻨﺔ‬
Parts
* Combustion Chamber Liners << every 33000 hr
‫ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬٣٣٠٠٠ ‫* ﻜل‬
* First And Second Stage Blades << every 33000 hr ‫ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬Combustion chamber liners <--
* First Stage Fixed Blades <<< every 33000 hr. ‫ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬٣٣٠٠٠ ‫* ﻜل‬
. ‫< ﺭﻴﺵ ﺭﻭﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬---
* Turbine Disks & Rotor Blades < every 100000 hr
* Stator And Its Turbine Blades <<< every 100000 hr. ‫ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬٣٣٠٠٠ ‫* ﻜل‬
‫ﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬ <--
* Hot Gas Path Casing <<< every 100000 hr.
* Power Turbine Blades <<< every 100000 hr ‫ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬١٠٠٠٠٠ ‫* ﻜل‬
‫ ﻭ ﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺘﻭﺭ‬Disks ‫ ﺃﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬-١ <--
Notes ‫ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬-٢

‫ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺨﻥ‬-٣
* Factors Affect On Turbine Life ‫ ﺭﻭﺘﻭﺭ ﺭﻴﺵ ﺘﺭ ﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬-٤
(Maintenance Factors)
1 – Type Of Fuel. ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫أهﻢ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
2 – Starting Frequency.( Number Of Starts)
( ‫) ﻧﻮع اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ - ١
3 – Environment.
( ‫) ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ -٢
4 – Maintenance Practices.
(‫) ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ) اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ -٣
* The Following Table For GE 10 Turbine Only :
Code Number Mechanical Inspection Control\ Instrument Replacement
1 – compressor blades through air inlet. 1 – fire fighting system, 1 – in the turbine
2 – bearings without disassemble the and control system. which work
upper half. with liquid fuel.
3 – comb. Chambers, burners& fire 2 – re calibration 2 – replacement
B Inspection piping instrument devices. atomizer
4 – hot gas casing.
5 – turbine blades ( borescobe )
6 – gear box. 7 - filters
1 – compressor and turbine blades. The same. The same.
C Minor over 2 - Shaft Bearings 3 – gears.
haul 4 – Couplings 5- Alignment

6 – Accessories 7 – shaft alignment.
C+ Minor The same in ( c ). The same. 1 – fire piping

over haul and 1 - burner
exchange of 1 – fuel nozzle
flame tube
1 – turbine
rotor blades
The same in ( c ). The same. 2 – stator
D Major over turbine nozzles
haul 3 – fire piping
4 – fuel nozzles
5 – bearings of
accessories
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺩﻴل ‪GE 10‬‬

‫‪Code Number‬‬ ‫‪Mechanical Inspection‬‬ ‫‪Control\ Instrument‬‬ ‫‪Replacement‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏﻁ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺨﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪ super vision‬ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻗﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫‪Inspection‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻏﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻕ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﻓﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺨﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺏ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍل ‪Borescobe‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﺱ‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺕﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬

‫‪Minor over haul‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻜﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ ‪Shaft Bearing‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﺱ ‪Gears‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﻟﻥ ‪Couplings‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ ‪Alignment‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ ‪Accessories s‬‬

‫‪C‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻋﻤل ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺘﺯﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫‪C + Minor‬‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺩ ﺭﻕﻡ ‪C‬‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ‬
‫‪over haul and‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫‪exchange of‬‬
‫‪flame tube‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﻭﺍﻥﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪C‬‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪ ١-‬ﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺘﻭﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪D Major‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏﻁ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪over haul‬‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬

Combustion Inspection ‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬

Disassembly: Disassembly ‫اﻟﻔﻚ‬
1 – Disassemble Turbine Compartment. ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ ﻟﻮﺣﺎت ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ إن أﻣﻜﻦ‬ -١

2 – Disassemble Roof Attachment. ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ أﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺤﺠﺮات‬ -٢
3 – Go Down Combustion Chamber Roofs. ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻧﺰال أﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﺠﺮات اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬ -٣
4 – Disassemble Fuel Gas Lines. ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ ﺧﻄﻮط وﻗﻮد اﻟﻐﺎز‬ -٤
5 – Disassemble Flame Detector And Spark Plug. ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ آﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ وﺷﻤﻌﺎت اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬ -٥
6 - Disassemble Fuel Nozzles.
‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ أﺑﻮاق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ -٦
7 - Disassemble Combustion Casing Covers.
‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ أﻏﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ -٧
8 - Disassemble Cross Fire Tube.
‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ أﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ) ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة ( ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻴﺮان وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ -٨
9 – Disassemble External Combustion Casings.
‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ أﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬ -٩
10 – Disassemble Combustion Elbows.
‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ أﺑﻮاق اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬-١٠
11 – Disassemble Combustion Wrapper.
‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ اﻟﺠﺰء ) اﻟﻨﺼﻒ( اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬-١١
12 – Disassemble Transition Pieces.
‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ ﺟﺰء ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬-١٢
Inspection ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬
Inspection
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ أﺑﻮاق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬-١
1 – Check Fuel Nozzles.
LINER ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ال‬٢
2 – Check Combustion Liners.
3 – Check Cross Fire Tube & Retainers. CROSS FIRE TUBE ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ال‬-٣
4 – Check Transition Pieces. TRANSITION PIECE ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ال‬-٤
5 – Check Combustion[ Casings , Elbows ]. ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻏﻼف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ وأآﻮاع اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬-٥
6 - Check First Stage Nozzle. ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ‬-٦
7 – Check Spark Plugs. ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ واﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﺎت اﻻﺷﻌﺎل‬-٧
8 – Check Flame Detector. ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ واﺧﺘﺒﺎر آﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬-٨
Assembly Assembly‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
1 – Assembly Transition Pieces. transition pieces ‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ‬-١
2 – Assembly Combustion Wrapper. combustion wrapper ‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬-٢
3 – Assembly Compression Elbows. comp. Elbows ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ أآﻮاع ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬-٣
4 – Assembly Outer Compressor Casing. outer comp. Casing ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬-٤
5 – Assembly Comp Liners, Cross Fire Tubes, Retainers. comp liners , cross fire tubes , retainers ‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ‬
ً ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ آ‬-٥
6 – Assembly Flame Detector. , Spark Plugs. flame detector. , spark plugs ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ آﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ وﺷﻤﻌﺖ اﻻﺷﻌﺎل‬-٦
7 - Assembly Compressor Casing Covers. .comp. casing covers ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ أﻏﻄﻴﺔ ﻏﻼف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬-٧
8 – Assembly Fuel Nozzle. fuel nozzle ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ أﺑﻮاق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬-٨
9 - Assembly Gas Manifold Gas Fuel Lines. gas manifold gas fuel lines ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز وﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻐﺎز‬-٩
10 – Assembly Roof, Roof Attachment& Side Panels roof , roof attachment , side panels ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺐ‬-١٠
‫‪Combustion Inspection‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪Parts To Remove:-‬‬
‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻓﻜﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – FUEL NOZZLE‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﻓﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
‫‪2 – FLAME DETECTORS.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬آﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
‫‪3 – SPARK PLUGS.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﺷﻤﻌﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
‫‪4 – COMBUSTION CASING COVER.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٤‬ﻏﻄﺎء ﻏﻼف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪5 – COBMBUSTION LINERS.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٥‬اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪6 - COMBUSTION CASING .‬‬ ‫‪ – ٦‬ﻏﻼف ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪7 – TRANSITION PIECES.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٧‬اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﻐﺎزات اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬
‫‪Fuel Nozzle‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫‪Inspect For:‬‬
‫‪ – ٣‬اﻟﺤﺰوز‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﻟﺜﻘﻮب‬
‫‪1 – BURNS. 2 – DENTS.‬‬ ‫‪3 – NICKS.‬‬
‫‪Check Holes For:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫‪1 – WEAR. 2 – CRACKS. 3 – PROPER SIZE‬‬ ‫‪ - ٣‬اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬

‫‪Spark Plug‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻌﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Check For:‬‬
‫‪1 – Wear.‬‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬
‫‪2 – Cracks.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬
‫‪3 – Freedom Of Motion.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﺣﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‬
‫‪4 – Test The Electrode.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٤‬اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬
‫‪Remark:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪* We Should Not Use Excessive Force In‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻗﻮة زاﺋﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ وﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫‪Retracting And Releasing The Piston Of‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺸﻤﻌﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
‫‪Spark Plug.‬‬

Flame Detector ‫آﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
Check The Sensor : ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺤﺴﺎس آﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬

* Connect Two Wires Of The Sensor ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ أﺳﻼك اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﺑﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﺰود ﺑﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﺮدد‬
With Adevice Provided With A
‫وﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻟﻤﺒﺔ ﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ أﻣﺎم اﻟﺤﺴﺎس‬
Frequency Indicator, And Put A Light
Lamp Beside The Sensor:
1 – If The Pointer Moved And Read This ‫ – إذا ﺗﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ وﻗﺮأ ﻓﻬﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻰ أن اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‬١
Means That The Sensor Is Good.
2 – If The Pointer Does Not Move Yet, ‫ – إذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻓﻬﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻰ أن اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‬٢
This Means That The Sensor Is Defect.
‫‪Combustion Cover‬‬
‫ﻏﻄﺎء ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪Check For:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻷﺗﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – CRACKS.‬‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬
‫‪2 - CORROSION.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬
‫‪3 – MISSING PIECES.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪Liner‬‬ ‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬

‫‪Factors Affected On Liner Life‬‬ ‫ﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ال ‪Liner‬‬
‫‪1 – FUEL TYPE.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫‪2 – TURBINE TYPE AND ITS DESIGN.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮع وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫‪3 – LOAD TYPE AND NO. OF STARTS.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﻤﻞ وﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات اﻟﺒﺪء ‪NO. Of starts‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫‪4 – FUEL NOZZLE SERVICE.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ وﻣﺪة ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟـ ‪Fuel Nozzles‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫‪5 – COMBUSTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE.‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫‪NOTE :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫‪Sometimes We Can Maintenance The Liner , Then‬‬
‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺻﻼح اﻟـ ‪ LINER‬اﻟﺬي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴﻮب وﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫‪Put It In Service Again , And Follow It Carefully.‬‬
‫إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ وﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻪ ﺟﻴﺪا‬

‫‪Check Collar For‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻄﻮق ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1 – Wear.‬‬ ‫‪2 – Cracks.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬
‫‪CHECK CAP FOR :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻐﻄﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – Cracks. 2 – Distortion. 3 – Discoloration‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻠﻮن‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬
‫‪Check Liner Stop For :‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – Cracks‬‬ ‫‪2 – Wear.‬‬ ‫‪3 – Distortion.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻠﻮن‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬
‫‪Check Slots And Louvers For :‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺸﻘﻮق واﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – Cracks.‬‬ ‫‪2 - Distortion.‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬
‫‪Check Spring Seals For :‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﺎزل ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1 – Cracks.‬‬ ‫‪2 – Wear.‬‬ ‫‪3 – Buckling.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ ‪ – ٢‬اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬
‫‪Check Rivets For Wear.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﺮﺷﺎم ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬
‫‪COLLAR‬‬
‫‪LINER STOP‬‬
‫‪SLOTS‬‬
‫‪AND‬‬
‫‪LOUVERS‬‬
‫‪CAP‬‬
‫‪SPRING SEALS‬‬

‫‪Transition Piece Checks‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‬
‫– ‪1 – Check Body For ( Corrosion – Deposits‬‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ) اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ – اﻻﺗﺴﺎخ –‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ (‬
‫‪Cracks ).‬‬
‫‪2 – Check Forwarding Support Ring For ( Wear‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺖ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ) اﻟﻀﻌﻒ – اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬
‫(‬
‫–‬ ‫‪Cracks).‬‬
‫‪3 – Check Floating Seals For (Wear – Cracks).‬‬
‫‪ – ٣‬اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﺰل اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ )اﻟﻀﻌﻒ – اﻟﺸﺮوخ (‬
‫‪BODY‬‬
‫‪FORWARDING SUPPORT‬‬
‫‪FLOATING SEALS‬‬
‫‪FLOATING SEALSRETAINER‬‬ ‫‪FLOATING SEALS‬‬

‫‪Hot Gas Path Inspection‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬

‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻜﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Parts To Remove :‬‬
‫‪1 – All Parts On Combustion Inspection.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬آﻞ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ذآﺮهﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺮة ﻏﺮف اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪st‬‬ ‫‪st‬‬
‫‪2 – Upper Half Of 1 Stage Nozzle.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ل ‪1 Stage Nozzle.‬‬
‫‪3 – LP. Turbine Casing.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
‫‪st‬‬ ‫‪st‬‬
‫‪4 – Lower Half Of 1 Stage Nozzle.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ل ‪1 Stage Nozzle‬‬
‫‪5 – Second Stage Nozzle.‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪2ND Stage Nozzle‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪Check 1st & 2nd Stage Nozzles For‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر أﺑﻮاق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺘﻴﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫‪1 – DENTS.‬‬ ‫‪2 – CRACKS.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫‪ - ١‬اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬

‫‪3 – EROSION.‬‬ ‫‪4 – CORROSION.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٤‬اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫‪* Cleaning Nozzles With Air, Then‬‬ ‫‪With‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﻮزل ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻮاء ﺛﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻈﻒ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫)‪Cleaner (Penetration‬‬
‫‪1st STAGE NOZZLES‬‬

‫‪Check radial pin for :‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﻨﻮز اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 – CRACKS.‬‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬

‫‪2 – CORROSION.‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫‪3 – IRROSION.‬‬
‫‪ –٣‬اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫‪4 – FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE.‬‬
‫‪ – ٤‬وﺟﻮد أﺟﺴﺎم ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬
‫‪2nd Stage Nozzle‬‬

‫‪Major Inspection‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮة اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻓﻜﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Parts To Remove :-‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺠﺰاء اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﻓﻜﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺮة ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪1 – All Parts Of Combustion Inspection.‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻮى ل ‪1st Stage Nozzle.‬‬
‫‪2 – Upper Half Of 1st Stage Nozzle.‬‬
‫‪ – ٣‬ﻏﻼف ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
‫‪3 – LP. Turbine Casing.‬‬
‫‪ – ٤‬ﺑﻮق اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪4 – Second Stage Nozzle.‬‬
‫‪ – ٥‬ﻏﻼف ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
‫‪5 – Air Inlet Casing.‬‬
‫‪ – ٦‬ﻏﻼف اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪6 – Compressor Casing.‬‬
‫‪ – ٧‬ﻏﻼف ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
‫‪7 – Compressor Discharge Casing.‬‬
‫‪ – ٨‬هﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﺎدم‬
‫‪8 – Exhaust Frame.‬‬
‫‪Parts To Disassemble :-‬‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء أﺧﺮى ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻜﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ – ١‬أﻏﻄﻴﺔ آﺮاﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
‫‪1 – Bearing Caps.‬‬
‫‪ - ٢‬آﺮاﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
‫‪2 – Bearings.‬‬
‫‪ – ٣‬روﺗﻮر ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫‪3 – H.P Rotor.‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬روﺗﻮر ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
‫‪4 – L.P Rotor.‬‬
‫‪ – ٥‬اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ل ‪1st Stage Nozzle.‬‬
‫‪5 – Lower Half Of 1st Stage Nozzle.‬‬
‫‪ - ٦‬اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
‫‪6 – L.P Inner Casing.‬‬
‫‪Check Turbine Buckets For‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1 – Cracks.‬‬ ‫‪2 – Dents.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫‪ – ١‬اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬
‫‪3 – Corrosion.‬‬ ‫‪4 – Loss Of Material.‬‬
‫‪ – ٤‬ﻧﻘﺺ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬
‫‪Remarks:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪* We Should Ensure That There Is Not Cracks.‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أﻳﺔ ﺷﺮوخ‬
‫‪* We Should Ensure That The Cooling‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ أن ﻓﺘﺤﺎت هﻮاء اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺪودة‬
‫‪Holes Do Not Plug.‬‬



‫‪Borescope Inspection‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺮﺋﻰ‬

‫‪It Includes The Following Areas :-‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷﻣﺎآﻦ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 - Compressor Blades‬‬ ‫‪ – ١‬رﻳﺶ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬

‫‪Dirts, Corrosion, Erosion, Foreign‬‬
‫اﻷوﺳﺎخ – اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ – ﺗﻠﻒ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺎ – اﻟﺨﻠﻮص‬
‫‪Object Damage&Tip Clearance).‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻘﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫)‪2 – Combustion System (liner& tr. piece‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ) اﻹﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ واﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة(‪:‬‬
‫‪(Carbon Build Up, Hot Spots, Cracks, Wear).‬‬
‫) وﺟﻮد آﺮﺑﻮن – ﻧﻘﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﻨﻮ – ﺷﺮوخ – ﺿﻌﻒ (‬
‫‪3 – Turbine Nozzles‬‬
‫‪(Cracks, Corrosion, Erosion, Burning‬‬
‫‪Foreign Object Damage).‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪4 – Turbine Buckets‬‬ ‫) اﻟﺸﺮوخ – اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻰ واﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ – اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪ -‬ﺗﻠﻒ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺎ (‬
‫‪(Cracks, Corrosion, Erosion, Tip‬‬
‫‪Clearance, Foreign Object Damage).‬‬
‫‪ – ٤‬اﻟﺮﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)اﻟﺸﺮوخ – اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ واﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ – اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻘﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻳﺶ ‪ -‬ﺗﻠﻒ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺎ (‬

‫اﻟـﻜــﻠـﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫‪BENT‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻞ – اﻟﺘﻮاء ‪ -‬ﺷﺬوذ‬
‫‪BURRS‬‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻮب ‪ -‬ﺣﻮاف‬
‫‪CORROSION‬‬ ‫ﺗﺂآﻞ – ﺗﺄآﺴﺪ‪ -‬ﺻﺪأ‬
‫‪DENTS‬‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻌﺎج ‪ -‬ﻧﻘﺮ‬
‫‪FRITTING‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮى‬
‫‪NICKS‬‬ ‫ﺣﺰوز‬
‫‪EROSION‬‬ ‫ﺗﺂآﻞ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺔ‪ -‬ﺗﺤﺎت‬
‫إﺟﻬﺎد‪ -‬إﻋﻴﺎء‬
‫‪FATIUGE‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺮح‬
‫‪GALLING‬‬

‫اﻟﺒــﺎب اﻟﻌــﺎﺷﺮ‬

‫‪CHAPTER 10‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒــﺎب اﻟﻌــﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫‪۩ Power Station Operation.‬‬

‫◊ ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺪوث ﺗﻮﻗﻒ آﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪After Shutdown …………….‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪Emergency Plan For‬‬ ‫◊ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﻮارىء ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى‪..............‬‬

‫……‪Belayim Power Station‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪Standard Symbols And.‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻷرﻗﺎم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ودﻻﻻﺗﻬﺎ‪..........‬‬

‫‪Numbers And Its Meaning….‬‬
‫۩‬ ‫‪Expressions (Mechanical,‬‬ ‫◊ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ )ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ – آﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ –‬

‫‪Electrical& Instrument)……..‬‬ ‫أﺟﻬﺰة دﻗﻴﻘﺔ(‪............................. .‬‬
‫‪۩ Dictionary……………..….‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮس‬

‫‪.............................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬

Operation After Complete Shut ‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬

Down ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
1 – Insure That The Main Reason Of Shut Down ) ‫ اﻟﺘﺄآ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﺰل ﺳ ﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺸ ﻜﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺒﺒﺔ ل‬-١
Has Been Invalid. .( SHUTDOWN
FEEDER OR ) ‫ اﻟﺘﺄآ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺸ ﻜﻠﺔ ه ﻞ ه ﻮ‬-٢

2 – Insure That The Main Reason Is Feeder Or
.‫ ( ﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬reset ) ‫ ( ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪم ﻋﻤﻞ‬GENERATOR
Generator, And Don't Reset.
3 – Insure That All Switches Of All Generator ‫ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ أن ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ ال‬-٣
Units Are In ( Off ) Position. .( OFF )
4 – Ensure That The Two Emergency Generators

Was Worked (Started Automatically). 2 EMERGENCY ) ‫اﻟﺘﺄآ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺗﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ ال‬ -٤
. ( Generators
5 – Reset For (Load Shedding).
(LOAD SHEDDING) ‫ ﻟﻞ‬RESET ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ‬-٥
6 – Reset For (Feeders And Generators), And
FEEDERS & ) ‫ ﻟﻜ ﻞ ال‬RESET ‫ﻋﻤ ﻞ‬ -٦
Recording All Alarms, Then Reset The
( ALARMS ) ‫ ( ﻣ ﻊ ﺗﺴ ﺠﻴﻞ آ ﻞ ال‬GENERATORS
Cause Of The Problem.
.‫ ( ﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬RESET ) ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
7 – Engagement The Bus Coupler Of ( H V G S

) And ( Bus Tie ) Between Two Power HVGS ) ‫( ل‬BUS COUPLER) ‫ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺗﻌﺸ ﻴﻖ ال‬-٧
Stations. .‫ ( ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬BUS TIE ) ‫( و ال‬
8 – Reset For ( PCA ), And Engages All Circuit

( C.B’S) ‫ ( و ﺗﻌﺸﻴﻖ آﻞ ال‬PCA ) ‫ ﻟﻞ‬RESET ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ‬-٨
Breakers Of aux. Loads Such As MCC,…
.( MCC’s ) ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ال‬
9 – Disconnect All Loads Except For Petrico MARIN OR ) ‫ ﻓﺼ ﻞ ﺟﻤﻴ ﻊ أﺣﻤ ﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﻄ ﺔ ﺳ ﻮاء آﺎﻧ ﺖ‬-٩
Loads. ( PETRICO ) ‫ ( ﻋﺪا أﺣﻤﺎل ال‬LAND
10 – Starting Any Turbine ( FR III ) With FRAME 3 ) ‫أى ﻣ ﻦ وﺣ ﺪات ال‬ ‫اﻟﺒ ﺪء ﺑﺘﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ‬ -١٠
Liquid Fuel With Help Of Mechanical And ‫ ( و ﺬﻟ ﻚ‬LIQUID ) ‫ ( ﺑﻮﻗ ﻮد‬TURBINES
Instrument Engineers .‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ و اﻷﺟﻬﺰة‬
11 – After Starting The Turbine And ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨ ﺔ و اﻟ ﺪﺧﻮل ﺑﻬ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺸ ﺒﻜﺔ ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ﻲ اﻟﺘﺄآ ﺪ‬-١١
Loading It , We Should Insure That Petrico .( PETRICO ) ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ أﺣﻤﺎل ال‬
Load Is Connected.
12 - Loading Marine Loads Through ‫ اﻟﺒ ﺪء ﻓ ﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻴ ﻞ أﺣﻤ ﺎل اﻟﺒﺤ ﺮ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻖ ﻣﻬﻨ ﺪس اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺎء‬-١٢
Electrical Engineers With Sector Manager ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟ ﻮد أو ﻣ ﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻄ ﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴ ﻴﻖ ﻣ ﻊ اﻟﺴ ﻴﺪ ﻣ ﺪﻳﺮ ﻋ ﺎم‬
And Fields Manager….. ......................... ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮل‬
13 – Insuring That Marine Loads Increased .( 10 MW ) ‫ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ وﺻﻮل أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻰ‬-١٣
To 10 Mw.
14 – Starting Gas Compressor Of Power ( GAS COMPRESSOR ) ‫ اﻟﺒ ﺪء ﻓ ﻰ ﺗﺸ ﻐﻴﻞ ال‬-١٤
Station. .‫اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬
15 – Loading Land Loads. .( LAND ) ‫ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ أﺣﻤﺎل ال‬-١٥
16 – Starting Another Turbine With Liquid ‫ ( أﻳﻀ ﺎ و اﻟ ﺪﺧﻮل ﺑﻬ ﺎ‬LIQUID) ‫ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ‬-١٦
Fuel, And Loaded It On The Grid, Then ‫ﺑﻬ ﺎ و اﻟﺒ ﺪء ﻓ ﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻴ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺸ ﺒﻜﺔ و ﺗﻜﻤﻠ ﺔ أﺣﻤ ﺎل اﻟﺒﺤ ﺮ‬
Completing Marine Loads , Then Connecting ‫ ( ﺛ ﻢ ﺑ ﺎﻗﻰ اﻷﺣﻤ ﺎل‬LPG) ‫اﻷﺣﻤ ﺎل اﻟﺒﺮﻳ ﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ال‬
Land Loads With L.P.G. First , Then The ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻷهﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم اﻟﺤﻘﻮل‬
Other Loads…….
After That We Can Complete Operating .‫ﺛﻢ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﷲ‬
The Power Station.
Emergency Plan For Power Station ‫ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﻮارئ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻗﻮى‬
Expectation Hazards : ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺪوﺛﻬﺎ‬
1 – Gas Or Liquid Leakage. ‫ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﻏﺎز أو ﺳﻮﻻر‬-١
2 – Firing. ‫ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‬ -٢
3 – Flood (Torrential). ‫ﺳﻴﻮل‬ -٣
4 – Employment Problems. ‫ﻣﺸﺎآﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ -٤
5 – Distortion. ‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬ -٥
6 – War. ‫ﺣﺮوب‬ -٦
Simple Leakage : ‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬

* The Supervisor Is The Responsible To Insure ‫) رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ( وﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬
Leakage Zone. And The Maintenance Team
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻼزم ﺗﺤﺖ إﺷﺮاف ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
Perform The Requirements Under The Order Of
Safety Engineer
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻂ اﻣﺪاد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‬
In Case Of Leakage In Gas
( ‫) ﻳﻘﻮم ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻵﺗﻲ‬
Supply Ducts
Shut Down ‫ ﻳﺼﺪر اﻷواﻣﺮ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬-١
* Maintenance Engineer Orders To Perform Shut
Down. ‫ ﻳﻐﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺎز ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬-٢
* Shut Off The Main Gas Valve
Gas Compressor Leakage: -: ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﻏﺎز ﻓﻰ ﺿﻮاﻏﻂ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
1 – Stopped All Activities In This Zone Such As ‫ وﻗﻒ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺤﺎم وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬- ١
Welding, Maintenance,
2 – Perform Complete Or Partial Shut Down. ‫وﺧﻼﻓﺔ‬
3 – Closed The Main Supply Valve. ‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ او آﻠﻰ‬Shut Down ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ‬- ٢
4 – Calling The Extinguish Persons . ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻏﻠﻖ ﺧﻂ اﻹﻣﺪاد اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬- ٣
5 – Prevent All Cars And Machines In This Area. ‫ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﺴﺆﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻓﻰ ﺑﻼﻋﻴﻢ‬- ٤
6 – Evacuate This Zone From People. ‫ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﺤﺮك اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬- ٥
7 – Following The Action And Using The Fire ‫ إﺧﻼء اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬- ٦
Fighting Bottles….
‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ واﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬- ٧
8 – Calling The Radio Station In Details.
‫ إﺧﺒﺎر ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ آﺎﻣﻼ‬- ٨
9 – Inform The Sector Manager. ‫ إﺧﺒﺎر ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬- ٩
In Case Of Firing : ‫* ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‬

1 – If The Turbine Temperature Rose, Then ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬- ١
The Turbine Will Trip. ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬
2 – If The Turbine Didn't Trip Automatically,

‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺎم‬- ٢
We Must Emergency Stop The Turbine,
Shut Down ‫إﻃﻔﺎء اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﺪوﻳﺎ وﻋﻤﻞ‬
And Use The Fire Fighting System.
3– Stopped All Activates. ‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل واﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬- ٣
4 – Readiness To Use The Ire Fighting ‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ واﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬- ٤
System. ‫ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ وإﻋﻄﺎؤهﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت واﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬- ٥
5 – Calling The Radio Station And Inform
‫ إﺑﻼغ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬- ٦
Them All Information.
In Case Of Cables Or High ‫** ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت‬

Voltage Firing: ‫وﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
1 – If There Is A Heard Alarm ( Fire Detector ) , ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻤﺎع ﺻﻮت إﻧﺬار آﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﺪﺧﺎن ﻻ‬- ١
This Means That It Is Forbidden For Any One ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ان ﻳﻘﻮم رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺬهﺎب إﻟﻰ هﺬﻩ‬
To Go To This Zone. ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬
2 - If The Problem Is Very Big , We Must Shut ‫ إذا آﺎن اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ‬- ٢
Down , And Disconnect All Cables Fro The Power ‫ وﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت ﻋﻦ اﻟـ‬Shutdown
Power.
3 – The Maintenance Engineer Must Inform The

Fire Fighting Station.
‫ ﻳﻘﻮم ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺈﺧﻄﺎر ﻣﺤﻄﺔ إﻃﻔﺎء ﺑﻼﻋﻴﻢ‬- ٣
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ وإﺧﻼء اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬- ٤
4 – Used The Fire Fighting Bottles And Keep ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬
Off All Persons.
٥
5 – Maintenance Engineer Inform Sector ‫ ﻳﻘﻮم ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺈﺧﻄﺎر ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع وآﺬﻟﻚ‬-
Manager And Radio Station.
‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ‬
In Case Of Firing On Gas ‫*** ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ‬

Compressor Station: ‫ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
NOTE: -: ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
* This Plant Is Provided With Fire Detector
Which Out Put An Automatic Alarm And
‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻣﺰودﻩ ﺑﻨﻈﺎم آﺎﺷﻒ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم‬
‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﺮول وﻋﻤﻞ إﻳﻘﺎف‬ALARM ‫ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎء‬
Shut Down For This Pant.
G.C ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺿﻮاﻏﻂ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
1 - If There Is Acoustic Alarm, We Must Shut ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻤﺎع اﻹﻧﺬار ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ إﻳﻘﺎف ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ )ﻣﺤﻄﺔ‬- ١
‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻐﺎز ( اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
Down The Plant Automatically.
2 – Informing Radio Station. ‫ إﺧﺒﺎر ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻜﻞ وﺿﻮح آﺎﻣﻞ‬- ٢
3 – Informing Sector ‫ إﺑﻼغ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬- ٣
‫)‪In Case Of Flood (Torrential‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﺳﻴﻮل ‪-:‬‬

‫‪* Shift Engineer Perform The Following :‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻳﻘﻮم ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﺗﻲ‬
‫‪1 - Informing Radio Station .‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬إﻳﻘﺎف اﺿﻄﺮاري ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ إذا آﺎن ﺿﺮورﻳﺎ‬
‫‪2 - Informing Sector Manager.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻤﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع وﻏﺮﻓﻪ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ‬
‫‪Incase Of Problems Between Workers‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﻣﺸﺎآﻞ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ‪-:‬‬
‫‪* Shift Engineer Perform The Following :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻮردﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻵﺗﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪1 – CALL RADIO STATION‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ وإﻋﻄﺎؤهﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت آﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫‪2 – Inform Sector Manager‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬إﺑﻼغ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
‫‪3 – Follow Up Manager Instructions‬‬ ‫‪ - ٣‬إﺗﺒﺎع ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫‪4 – Wait The Order From Field Manager‬‬ ‫‪ - ٤‬اﻧﺘﻈﺎر اﻷواﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻮل ﻹﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪5 – Control And Quite All Workers‬‬ ‫‪ - ٥‬اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻬﺪوء وﺗﻬﺪﺋﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ رﺋﻴﺴﻬﻢ‬
‫‪In Case Of Destruction‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪* The Responsible Perform The Following:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻵﺗﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪1 – Control The Zone Internally And Externally.‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ داﺧﻠﻴﺎ وﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫‪2 – Calling Radio Station And Informing Them‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ وإﺑﻼغ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ آﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫‪About All Information.‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫‪3 – Following All Procedures For Any Abnormal Changes‬‬ ‫‪ - ٤‬اﻧﺘﻈﺎر اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻮل ﺑﻌﻤﻞ إﻳﻘﺎف ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬
‫‪4 - Waiting The Order From Field Manager To Stop‬‬
‫‪The Work.‬‬
‫‪In Case Of Ware Or External Problems‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﺣﺮوب وﻣﺸﺎآﻞ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪* Following Instruction From Emergency Room.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ إﺗﺒﺎع اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻮارئ‬

Numbers And Its Meaning
NO Description
1 - MASTER CONTROL SWITCH (START-STOP)+SIGNAL
2 - TIMER
3 - CHECK ( SIGNAL FIRE RELAY )
4 - MASTER [ CONTROL AND(OR) PROTECTION ] SIGNAL
5 - TRIP SIGNAL [ PUSH BUTTON , DIESEL ENGINE ]
12 - OVER SPEED
14 - SPEED RELAY SIGNAL
20 - SOLENOID
23 - HEATER
25 - ATOMIZING AIR TEMP. SWITCH
26 - TEMPERATURE SWITCH
28 - FLAME DETECTOR
30 - ANNUNCIATOR ALARM
33 - LIMIT SWITCH
38 - LOAD GEAR DRAIN HIGH TEMP. ALARM
39 - VIBRATION SENSOR
43 - SELECTOR SWITCH [ ANY SELECTOR SWITCH ]
45 - FIRE FIGHTING
46 - NEGATIVE SEQUENCE RELAY
48 - INCOMPLETE SEQUENCE
49 - AUX. MOTOR OVERLOAD RELAY
52 - AUX. PUMP MOTOR CONTRACTOR
62 - COOL DOWN CONTROL SIGNAL AND RELAY
72 - RELAY [ START DIESEL STARTER MOTOR - FR1 EMERGENCY LUBE OIL CONTROL ]
77 - MAGNETIC PICK UP
83 - TRANSFER RELAY
84 - TRANSFER LIMIT SWITCH
86 - SHUT DOWN LOCK OUT SIGNAL
90 - S/R SERVO VALUE , AUX RELAY
94 - NORMAL SHUT DOWN RELAY
95 - SPARK PLUG + IGNITION TRANSFORMER
96 - LVDT
Motors Symbols And Numbers
SPEED LIMITS R.P.M ELECTRIC MOTORS SYMBOL
7.5 kw, 1500 r.p.m AUX. HYD. MOTOR 88 HQ

380 v, 3 phase
3.7 kw, 2950 r.p.m AUX. LUBE OIL MOTOR 88 QA
380 v, 3 phase
7.5 kw, 1450 r.p.m EMERGENCY LUBE OIL PUMP 88 QE
110 Dc
160 kW, 50hz STARTING MOTOR 88 CR
380 v, 3 phase
3 kw, 380 v MAIN VENTLATION MOTOR 88 BA-1
3 phase, 50 hz
1 kw, 380 v LOAD GEAR BOX VENTLATION 88 BA-2

3 Phase, 50 Hz MOTOR
( N.O ‫ ( ) ﻣﻔﺘﻮح‬N.C / ‫)ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬ TEMPERATURE SWITCHS

FR GT FR III
= (71) Co Fo ) 2.8 (159.8+- MAIN LUBE OIL HEADER HIGH 26 QA
TEMPERATURE ALARM
(176 +- 2.8) Fo = 80 C MAIN LUBE OIL HEADER HIGH 26 QT

TEMPERATURE TRIP
(50 +- 2.8) C NORMAL LUBE OIL 26 QN

TEMPERATURE.
F = 13 Co +- 2.8) (55.4 LOW LUBE OIL TEMPERATURE 26 QL
(134.6 +- 2.8)F = 56 co MODERATE LUBE OIL 26 QM

TEMPERATURE
50 F = 10 Co HIGH TEMP. ALARM TURBINE 26 BA

COMPARTMENT
DEENER ENERGIS
GISED ED
SOLENOID DEVICE SYMBOL
A to T PtoA
STARTING CLUCH SOLENOID VALVE 20 CS
open close
HYDRAULIC DUMP SOLENOID VALVE 20 HD
LIQUID FUEL CLUCH SOLENOID VALVE 20 CF
FUEL GAS SOLENOID VALVE 20 FG

LIQUID FUEL SOLENOID VALVE 20 FL
20 VG
open close GAS VENT SOLENOID VALVE
OPEN CLOSE SYMBOL PRESSUR

E
SWITCHS
NORMAL LUBE OIL PRESSURE TO 63 QN
18 +- 1 D STOP EMERGENCY PUMP.
LOW LUBE OIL PRESSURE 63 QL

D 6 +- 1 EMERGNCY PUMP START
LOW LUBE OIL PRESSURE AUX. 63 QA-1

108+-5 100+-5 PUMP START
LOW LUBE OIL PRESSURE AUX. 63 QA-2

12 +- 0 .5
PUMP START
LOW LUBE OIL PRESSURE TRIP.( 63 QT-2
8+-0.3 10+- 1.5
AT COUPLING )
LOW LUBE OIL PRESSURE TRIP ( 63 QT-1
8+-0.3 10-+1.5 AT BEARING).
LOW HYD. SUPPLY PRESSURE 63 HQ-1

1150+-30 1050+-20 AUX. HYD. PUMP START
LOW HYD. SUPPLY PRESSURE 63 HQ-2

840+-20 945+-30 TRIP.
16+-1 21+-2 LIQUID FUEL PRESSURE 63 FL-2

UPSTREAM OF STOP VALVE
20+-0.5 25+-4 HYD. TRIP PRESSURE FOR LIQUID 63 HL
FUEL STOP VALVE.
20+-0.5 25+-4 HYD. TRIP PRESSURE FOR GAS 63 HG

FUEL STOP VALVE.
Miscellaneous Devices
SYMBOL MISCELLANEOUS DEVICES
HP TURBINE over speed Alarm Nc

12 HA
LP TURBINE OVER SPEED Nc

12 LA ALARM
LIQUID FUEL STOP VALVE LIMIT

33 FL1-1
SWITCH.
33 HR HYD RATCHET LIMIT SWITCH
33 CS STARTING CLUCH LIMIT SWITCH

HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE
45 HA DETECTION
FIRE PROTECTION CO2 Close 5 kg/cm2

45 CP
PRESSURE SWITCH.
FIRE PROTECTION CO2 RELEASE
45 CR-2
SOLENOID VALVE.
FIRE DETECTOR ACCESSORY Nc close 225Fo

45 FA-1
COMPARTMENT.
FIRE DETECTOR ACCESSORY Inc close 325Fo
45 FA-2
COMPARTMENT.
FIRE DETECTOR TURBINE Inc close 450Fo
45 FT 1-2
COMPARTMENT.
FIRE DETECTOR TURBINE Inc close 600Fo
45 FT 3-4-5
COMPARTMENT.
HIGH PRESSURE SET MAGNTIC
77 HC 1-2
PICKUP ( SPEED CONTROL )
77 HT 1-4 HIGH PRESSURE SET MAGNTIC
PICKUP ( OVER SPEED)
77 LC 1-2 LOW PRESSURE SET MAGNTIC
PICKUP ( SPEED CONTROL )
77 LT 1-4 LOW PRESSURE SET MAGNTIC
PICKUP ( OVER SPEED )
77 FD 1-2 FLOW DIVIDER MAGNETIC
PICKUP - SPEED
SYMBOL NAME
HA 23 SPACE HEATER-ACCESSORY
COMPARTMENT
HT 23 SPACE HEATER-TURBINE
COMPARTMENT
QT-1 23 EMMERSION HEATER – LUBE OIL TANK.
28 FD2345 FLAME DETECTORS FOR C.C.2,3,4,5 1=No flam.0=
flame
CP-1 33 CO2 OPERATED BLOCK VALVE Normal= NO
LIMIT SWITCH Normal =
CS 33 STARTING CLUTCH LIMIT SWITCH. switch
actuated
FL1 33 LIQUID FUEL STOP VALVE LIMIT
SWITCH.
HR 33 HYD. RATCHET LIMIT
SWITCH
QA-1 38 LUBE SYSTEM TEMP. TURB.

.BEARING 1 DRAIN ALARM
QA2.3.4 38 LUBE SYSTEM TEMP. TURB.
BEAR2.3.4 DRAIN ALARM
QA-T 38 LUBE SYSTEM TEMP. TURB. BEAR.

THRUST BEAR DRAIN ALARM
V1 39 Vibration sensor Outpu temp

<500 temp = 0
to 400 f out
V2 39 Vibration sensor put voltage
at1 inch/s =
200mv
HA 49 OVER LOAD SPACE HEATER (23HA )
HT 49 OVER LOAD SPACE HEATER (23HT )
LIQUID FUEL PUMP SERVO VALVE Hyd.supplyoil

FP 65 at 1200Psi
GAS CONTROL VALVE SERVO Rated
GC VALVE flow=1g/m
65
at1000psi ated
65 NOZZLE CONTROL SERVO VALVE flow= 1g
NV
mat1000psi
QH 71 HIGH LUBE OIL LEVEL
QL 71 LOW LUBE OIL LEVEL
SPEED RATIO/ STOP RATIO VALVE

SR 90 SERVO VALVE.
SPARK PLUG COMBUSTION

SP-1A,1B 95 CHAMBER NO. 1
SPARK PLUG COMBUSTION

CHAMBER NO. 6
SP-6A,6B 95
IGNATION TRANSFORMER FOR

TR.1A,1B 95 95SP-1A.1B
IGNATION TRANSFORMER FOR

95SP-6A.6B
TR.6A,6B 95
COMPRESSOR DICHARGE
PRESSURE TRANSMETTER( 0-110 psi
CD 96
range)
FUEL GAS PRESSURE TRANSMETER

FG 96
LVDT GAS CONTROL LVDT

GC1.2 96
LVDT NOZZLE CONTROL LVDT

NC 96
LVDT STOP/ SPEED(PRESSURE)

SR 96 RATIO LVDT
GLOSSARY ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬
BEARING FEED HEADER ‫ ﻣﻐﺬي ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة آﺮاﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬Bearing Feed Header
* It Is That Part Of The Lube Oil Piping After The ‫ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻼﺗﺮ‬، ‫* هﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬
Oil Filters Which Carries Lubrication To The ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺖ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ إﻟﻲ آﺮاﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺎور اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Individual Turbine Bearings. . ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬
BELL MOUTH BELL MOUTH

* It Is A Bell Shaped Cast Inlet Which Provides An
‫* هﻮ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺠﻮف )ﻣﺪﺧﻞ( ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺮس واﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﺪ‬
Even Airflow Distribution To The Compressor
( ‫ﺗﻴﺎر هﻮائ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻮزع إﻟﻲ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ )ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
Through The Inlet Guide Vane.
. IGV ‫رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬
BLACK START BLACK START

* Starting Operate The Power Station Without Ac ( AC ) ‫* اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
Power.
BRITTLE
( ‫ ﺗﻘﺼﻒ ) ﺗﺂآﻞ‬BRITTLE
* A Loss In The Resiliency Of A Parent Metal,
‫ ﻋﺎدة‬. ‫ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧﺔ [ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪن اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬- ‫* ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ ] اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬
Usually Due To Aging, Extreme Cold, Chemical
‫ وﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ آﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬، ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ و ﺑﺮودة زاﺋﺪة اﻟﺤﺪ‬
Action Or Cold Working.
BUCKETS – BLADES ‫رﻳﺶ‬ BUCKETS - BLADES

* It Curved Vane Elements Mounted On A Rotating ‫* ﺗﻜﻮن رﻳﺶ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ هﻲ أﺟﺰاء رﻳﺸﻴﺔ ) ﻣﻘﻮﺳﺔ ( ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴ ﺔ‬
Wheel And Proportioned To Transfer Energy From ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ داﺋﺮة وﻣﻨﺴﻘﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺤ ﻮل اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
The Working Medium To The Turbine Rotor. ‫وﺳﻂ )ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ( اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ إﻟﻲ روﺗﻮر اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
BURNISHING
‫ اﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﻊ‬- ‫ اﻟﺼﻘﻞ‬BURNISHING
* Smoothing Of The Metal Surface By Mechanical
‫ﺻﻘﻞ ﺳ ﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻌ ﺪن ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ )ﺗﻔﺎﻋ ﻞ( ﻣﻴﻜ ﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ •
Action But Without A Loss Of Material, Generally
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ًﺎ ﻣﻮﺟ ﻮد ﻋﻠ ﻲ أﺳ ﻄﺢ‬، ‫وﻟﻜ ﻦ ﺑ ﺪون ﻓﻘ ﺪ اﻟﻤ ﺎدة‬
Found On Plain Bearing Surfaces
. ( ‫ﻣﺤﻮر ) آﺮاﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور‬
CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ( ﻃﺮد ﻣﺮآﺰي‬- ‫)ﻋﺎزل‬ Centrifugal Separator
A Device Used To Remove Dust From The Gas ‫* هﻮ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Turbine Cooling And Sealing Air System , ‫اﻟﻐﺎز وﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻬﻮاء وﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻌﺰل‬
Separation Is Achieved By A Centrifuging Action. . ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﺎردة اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳﺔ‬

\
COMBUSTOR [ C.C ] ‫ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬COMBUSTOR [ C.C ]

It Is That Mechanical Component Of The Combustion ‫* ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق أو ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق هﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ‬
System In Which Fuel Is Burned To Increase The ‫ﻳﺤﺘﺮق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺰود درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة وﺳﻂ‬
Temperature Of The Working Medium. . ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
COMPRESSOR
‫ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬COMPRESSOR
It Is The Mechanical Component In Which The
‫* هﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺰداد ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﻐﻂ وﺳﻂ‬
Pressure Of The Working Medium Is Increased.
. ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
CO2
*CO2‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أآﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬
Carbon Dioxide Which Is Used As A Fire
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ آﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺨﻤﺪ ) ﻣﻄﻔﺊ ( ﻟﻠﻨﻴﺮان ﻓﻲ أﺛﻨﺎء‬ *
Extinguishing Medium In Gas Turbine Application.
.‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز‬
CROSS FIRE TUBES ‫ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻴﺮان‬Cross Fire Tubes
Piping Between Combustor , Through Which Flame ‫* )هﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ( ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﺮف اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬
Is Propagated From The Two Ignited Combustors .‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻴﻦ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻣﻠﺘﻬﺒﺘﻴﻦ‬
To The Remaining Combustors. (٦‫و‬٥) ، (٥‫و‬٤) ، (٣‫و‬٢) ، (٢‫و‬١ ) ‫أي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﺮف‬
CRANKING OF TURBINE CRANKING OF TURBINE
* Term Used To Describe The Slow Turning Of The ‫* هﻮ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﺒﻄﺊ ﻟﺪوران‬
Turbine Rotor At Start Up Or During The Cool ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ( أو أﺛﻨﺎء‬%٢٠ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ) ﻋﻨﺪ‬
Down Period. .‫ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
DIAPHRAGM ‫ ﻏﺸﺎء‬DIAPHRAGM
* It is a barrel – like structure between the turbine (‫* هﻮ ﻏﺸﺎء أو } هﻴﻜﻞ { ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ )اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬
wheels which prevents leakage of the working ‫ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺠﻼت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬
medium from around the second stage turbine . ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮل ﻓﻮهﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
nozzle.
DIFFUSER ‫ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‬DIFFUSER
* A Section Designed To Increase The Area Of The Flow ‫هﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎن‬ •
Path To Convert The Flow Velocity To Static Fluid ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺤﻮل ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎن إﻟﻲ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ وهﻮ‬
Pressure. ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ وﻓﻰ ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﻌﺎدم‬
DISTANCE PIECE ‫ ﺟﺰء ﺗﺤﻔﻆ‬DISTANCE PIECE

* A Hollow, Cylindrical Shaft Used To Couple The Axial
‫هﻮ ﻋﻤﻮد اﺳﻄﻮا ﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﻮﻓًﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ *
Flow Compressor To The First Stage Turbine Wheel, It
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮري ﺑﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ واﻟﻤﺪﻋﻤﺔ ﺑﻜﺮﺳﻲ‬
Is Supported By The Bearing No. 2.
. ٢ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
EXHAUST PORTS ‫ ﺑﻮاﺑﺎت )ﻓﺘﺤﺎت( اﻟﻌﺎدم‬Exhaust Ports

* Machined Bosses On The Compressor Casing From ‫* هﻲ ﺣﺪﺑﺎت ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﻨﺪوق)ﻋﻠﺒﺔ(اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
Which Air Is Extracted For Cooling And Sealing. .‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮج ) ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺰف(اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ وﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب‬
EROSION ( ‫ ﺗﺂآﻞ ) ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺔ‬EROSION

* The Gradual Wearing Away Of Material Caused By ‫* هﻮ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺠﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬
The Hot Flow Of Gases , Or Foreign Particles , And An ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ‬. ‫ أو أﺟﺴﺎم ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬، ‫ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻐﺎزات‬
Eroded Surface May Appear Similar To A Corroded
.‫ﻣﺘﺂآﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﺄآﺴﺪ أو اﻟﺼﺪأ‬
Surface.
FALSE START ‫ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‬ FALSE START

* Failure Of Turbine To Fire After Fuel Has Been ‫* هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬
Introduced To The System. ‫ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﻌﺪم اآﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
FATIGUE
( ‫ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ) اﻹﻋﻴﺎء‬FATIGUE
* The Progressive Weakening Of A Material Under
‫* هﻮ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ) درﺟﺎت ( ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة‬
Repeated Cycles Of Stress.
. ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
FLAME DETECTOR ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬FLAME DETECTOR
* A Device Which Senses Presence Of Flame During Start ، ‫* هﻮ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻠﻬﺐ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
Up By Using Ultra-Violet Rays Generated By The Flame. .‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
FRETTING (‫ اﻟﺒﺮي ) اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬FRETTING

* Wearing Away Of Metal By Rubbing Against ‫* اﻟﺒﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪن ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﻜﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺪن ﺁﺧﺮ وهﻮ‬
Another Metal. ( ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣًﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ )ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ( ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ أو أﺟﺰاء ) ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬
.‫ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎم‬
GALLING ‫ ﺗﺸﻮﻩ‬، ‫ ﺗﻘﺮح‬GALLING
* A Defect Caused By The Movement Of Two ‫* هﻮ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺮآﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎدل )ﻋﻠﻲ‬
Surfaces In Contact With Each Other. . ‫ﻋﻜﺲ( ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺿﺪ اﻵﺧﺮ‬
HEAT EXCHANGER / COOLER ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدل اﻟﺤﺮاري‬ Heat Exchanger / Cooler

* Heat Transfer Equipment Used To Extract ‫* ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻨﺰع اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﻲ‬
Excessive Heat From One Working Fluid And ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﻼف‬
Transmits It To Another Non-Working Fluid For . ‫اﻟﺠﻮي‬
Eventual Dissipation To Atmosphere.
HOT GAS PATH

‫ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬Hot Gas Path
* Flow Path Through The Combustion Chambers ,
‫* ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮف اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق و أﺟﺰاء ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬
Transition Pieces, Turbine Nozzles And Buckets To
‫و ﻓﻮاﻧﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺮﻳﺶ ورﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
The Exhaust Section.
.( ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻣﻘﻄﻊ ) اﻟﻌﺎدم‬
LVDT LVDT
* Abbreviation For Linear Variable Differential Linear (‫* اﺧﺘﺼﺎر آﻠﻤﺔ) ﻣﺤﻮل ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ‬
Transformer. Variable Differential Transformer
LABYRINTH PACKING
‫ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺮج‬Labyrinth Packing
* This Seal Is Designed With Multiple Rows Of
‫* هﺬا اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻊ )اﻟﻌﺎزل ( ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﻦ أﺳﻨﺎن‬
Aluminum Alloy Teeth And Is Located At The
‫ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ اﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮم وﻣﻮﺿﻮع آﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ )اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﻲ ( و‬
Extremities Of The Bearing Assembles , Sealing Air
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب‬
Is Circulated Between The Shaft And The Seal To
. ‫واﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﻮد اﻹدارة‬
Prevent Oil From Passing The Seal And Spreading
Along The Shaft.
LUBE OIL HEADER

‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬Lube Oil Header
Is The Main Lube Oil Feed Piping From The
Filters, Piping Which Is Taken Off From This ‫* هﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻳﻐﺬي ﻣﻦ‬
Line Feeds To The Turbine Bearings, Gears, and ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺗﺮ و اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﺨﻂ ﻳﻐﺬي‬
Couplings…… ‫ إﻟﺦ‬....... ‫إﻟﻲ آﺮاﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺎور اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ و اﻟﺘﺮوس‬
MAGNETIC PICK UP ‫ ﻻﻗﻂ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬MAGNETIC PICK UP

* Produces Out Put Signals Which Are ‫* هﻮ ﺣﺴﺎس ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻨﻘﻞ إﺷﺎرات ﺧﺎرﺟﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ‬
Converted To D.C Voltages Signals, These ‫) ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ( ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮرة‬Speed Tronic ‫إﻟﻲ‬
Signals Are Converted For Speed Control Or ‫ هﺬﻩ اﻹﺷﺎرات ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬DC ‫إﺷﺎرات ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬
Tripping The Turbine. ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
( MCC ) Motor Control Center ‫ ( ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﻮاﺗﻴﺮ‬MCC ) Motor Control Center
* It Is A Panel Containing Start Up, Relays, And ‫* هﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ و‬
All Electrical Devices Necessary For The ‫ وآﻞ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬، ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻼت‬
Control Of Motors And Heaters Used On The . ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﺗﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Turbine Unit.
OVER SPEED BLOT ‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﺗﺠﺎوز اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻨﺔ‬ OVER SPEED BLOT
* It Strikes The Trigger Of The Over Speed Trip ‫* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد دوران اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈن ﻧﻈﺎم‬
Mechanism ( When The Turbine Shaft Speed
Exceeds Trip Setting ) , This Initiates Shut ‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎر اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ إﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
Down Of The Turbine.
PLENUM, INLET OR EXHAUST
‫ ﺣﻴﺰ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل أو اﻟﺨﺮوج‬Plenum Inlet Or Exhaust
* It Is An Enclosure In Which Volume Of
Contained Air ( Inlet) Or Exhaust Gas Is Routed ‫* هﻮ اﻟﺤﻴﺰ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻬﻮاء )اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ( إﻟﻰ‬
To Or From The Turbine During Operation.
‫اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ أو ﻳﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﺎدم اﻟﻐﺎز‬
RTD
(Resistance Temperature Detector) RTD
* Abbreviation For (Resistance Temperature
‫* اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﻟﻌﺒﺎرة آﺸﺎف ﺣﺮاري ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ وهﻮ ﺣﺴﺎس‬
Detector
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻘﻴﺎس درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
SIMPLE CYCLE ‫ دورة ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬SIMPLE CYCLE

* Is A Cycle In Which The Working Medium ‫* هﻲ دورة ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺮور وﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺑﻨﺠﺎح ﺧﻼل‬
Passes Through The Compressor, Combustor . ‫اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ ﺛﻢ ﻏﺮف اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬
And Turbine?
SPARK PLUG SPARK PLUG

* It Is A Retractable Igniter Which Kept ‫* هﻮ ﺷﻤﻌﺔ إﺷﻌﺎل ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ذراع ﻣﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﺳﺘﺔ‬
Projected Into The Combustion Chamber By
‫وﻳﻜﻮن داﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺪوث ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
Spring Pressure After Ignition Occurs; It Is
‫ و ﻳﺴﺤﺐ ﻣﺘﺮاﺟﻌﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻘﻮى اﻟﻐﺎز‬، ‫اﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬
Retracted Back Into Its Housing By Combustion
Gas Forces. ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺮﻗﺔ‬
THERMO COUPLE
‫ اﻻزدواج اﻟﺤﺮاري‬THERMO COUPLE
* It Is A Pair Of Dissimilar Conductors With A
Terminating End Of Each Conductor Coupled ‫* هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ زوج ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺻﻼت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ‬
Together, Thermoelectric Current Flows When ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﺑﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن داﺋﺮة ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﻴﺎر‬
The Connection Point Is Heated And The ‫آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺮاري ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺨﻦ وهﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻘﻴﺎس درﺟﺔ‬
Opposite Conductor Ends Are Connected To A ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
Closed Circuit.
TRANSITION PIECE ‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬TRANSITION PIECE

* It Is A Thin Walled Duct Which Is Used To
‫* هﻮ أﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺰوﻟﺔ رﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻐﺎزات‬
Conduct The Combustion Gases From The
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮف اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻤﺮ ﻓﻮهﺔ‬
Circular Combustion Chamber To The Annular
.( FIRST STAGE NOZZLE ) ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬
Turbine Nozzle Passage.
( ‫ ) ﺻﻤﺎم ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬Pressure Regulating Valve

PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE
* It Is A Valve Designed For Continuous
‫* هﻮ ﺻﻤﺎم ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
Automatic Control Of Pressure
VALVE RELIEF VALVE RELIEF
* It Is A Valve That Automatically Maintains A ‫* هﻮ ﺻﻤﺎم ﻳﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ اﺗﻮاﻣﺘﻴﻜﻴًﺎ‬
Predetermined Pressure By Discharging Or By ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ إﻟﻰ‬

Passing The Fluid In A System
‫اﻟﺨﺰان أو إﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬
SERVO VALVE
( ‫ ) اﻟﺼﻤﺎم اﻟﻤﺆازر‬Servo Valve
* It An Electro Hydraulic Valve Which Convert
‫* هﻮ ﺻﻤﺎم ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ إﻟﻲ‬
The Electrical Signal To Hydraulic Movement.
‫ﺣﺮآﺔ هﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
Electrical Glossary ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت آﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬

GCPP
GCPP
‫ رﻳﻼى‬١١ ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ وهﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد‬
(Generator Protection Control Panel )
* It Protects The Generator, And It Contains 11 Relays.
EXCITATION CONTROL PANEL EXCITATION CONTROL PANEL
* It Is The Panel Which Excites The Generator i.e. ‫ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟ ﺪ أى‬Excitation ‫ه ﻰ اﻟﻠﻮﺣ ﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟ ـ‬
Connect (Engagement) The Exciter, And It Contain ‫ وﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﺑﻬ ﺎ ﻣﻮدﻳ ﻮل ﻣ ﻨﻈﻢ‬Excitation‫ﺗﻌﺸ ﺒﻖ ﻣﻔﺘ ﺎح ال‬
Automatic Voltage Regulator Module ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻷﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ‬
S C A DA SCADA
* It Is Abbreviation For (Supervisory And Control
System Data Acquisition)
(Supervisory And Control )‫هﻰ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ل‬
* It Monitors All The Data Of The Network, Event
Recorder Of All Data And Lad Shedding. System Data Acquisition
LOAD SHARING LOAD SHARING

* It Is A Program Contains Input Signals Such As ( signals ‫هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻋﻄ ﺎؤﻩ ﻣ ﺪﺧﻼت ﻋﺒ ﺎرة ﻋ ﻦ‬
-: ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
MW , M Var , Voltage , Frequency, Ambient [ volt , current , speed , ambient temp , load ,
power factor ]
Temperature ) , Then It Distributes Loads By The Load ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ إﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ ﻓﻴﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﻰ‬.curve , speed curve
Same Percentage For Each Turbine. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‬
INVERTER INVERTER
‫ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ‬AC ‫ إﻟﻰ‬DC ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺗﻴﺎر أو ﺟﻬﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬Control ‫دواﺋﺮ‬
* It Converts Dc ( Volt And Current ) To AC In Order
220 AC ‫ إﻟﻲ‬110 DC ‫أى أﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
To Use It In Turbine Control Systems. ‫ أو‬Black Shut Down ‫ﺑﻐﺮض أﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث‬
220 V ‫ إﻟﻲ‬110 v DC ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬AC
‫ﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
ً ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜ‬
[ GCP + UCP + Super visor SYSTEM ]
BATTERY CHARGER BATTARY CHARGER

‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ‬DC ‫ إﻟﻰ‬AC ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
* It Converts Ac Volt To DC Volt And It Takes 4 AN {Aux. bus cublar} ‫ال‬
Its Feed From Aux. Bus Coupler. , And Its Out :‫* ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻰ‬
Put Feeds (Batteries, DC Loads…). ‫ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ )ﺷﺤﻦ( اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺎت‬- (١)
‫ اﻟﺨﺎص‬Control ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ال‬DC ‫ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟـ‬- (٢)
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت آﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻮاﺗﻴﺮ ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺎت اﻟﻄﻮارئ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‬
PLC PLC
* It Is Abbreviation For Power Line Carrier, It ‫ ووﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ أﻧﻪ‬،Power Line Carrier ‫* هﻮ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﻟـ‬
Performs A Filter For High Frequency HVS 1 ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻠﺘﺮﻩ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪات ذات اﻟﺘﺮدد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ وﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺮدد اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻤﺮ‬50 HZ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮدد‬
Which Comes From Hvgs1, Then The Wave
‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺠﺮة‬Hosta ‫ ﺛﻢ إﻟﻰ‬CPU ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬
Go To CPU , Then Go To Host A , Then The Analog ‫( أو‬on/off) ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺨﺮج إﺷﺎرة‬
Out Put Signal Is Analog Or ( On – Of ) .
HVGS (HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCH GEAR) HVGS

١٠٫٥ = ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺮج اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات وﺟﻬﺪﻩ‬ *
* It Is Abbreviation For (High Voltage
. ‫آﻴﻠﻮﻓﻮﻟﺖ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮﻻت‬
Generation Switch), Its Input Are The Out Put
[ High Tension Panel ] ‫* اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‬
Voltages Of All Generators = 10.5 kv. , and
Also There Are The Primary Of Transformers [ Low Tension Panel ] ‫واﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‬ *
On This Bus Bar, And The Lower Part Of This ‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ رﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎت ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس‬ •
Bar Is Named (High Tension Panel ) , And The ‫ ﻋﺪاد اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬+ relays ground ‫واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‬
Upper Part Is Named (Low Tension Panel ).
PCA
POWER CENTER AUX. PCA
* It Is Abbreviation For ( Power Center Aux. ) ,
And It Is A Bus Bar Which Feed All Aux.
‫هﻮ ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ‬
Loads Such As ( Sierra Panel + Borri Panel + -: ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
Air-Condition + MCC + MCC Of Gas Sierra panel + Borri Panel + Air-
Compressor….) , And In This Bus Bar The condition + MCC + MCC G Com.
Voltage Is Converted From 10.5 KV. To 380 ‫ ﻋﻦ‬380 v ‫ إﻟﻲ‬10.5 KV ‫* ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
Volts Through Aux. Transformers1,2,3. [ AUX TR 1,2,3 ] ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
SERIA PANEL SERIA PANEL
* Its Out Put Are DC Volts To Feed The -: ‫ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬DC ‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ أي ﺣﻤﻞ‬
1- Emergency lube oil
Following Loads :
2- Generator control panel
1- Emergency Lube Oil 3- Turbine control panel
4- Fire fighting system
2- Generator Control Panel
5- Excitation control panel…..
3- Turbine Control Panel -: ‫ أﺟﺰاء‬٣ ‫ إﻟﻲ‬Sierra ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺰيء اﻟـ‬
‫ ﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ال‬110 DC ‫ ﻓﻴﺤﻮﻟﻪ إﻟﻲ‬380 v ‫ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ‬Load Section -
4- Fire Fighting System
sierra pane
5- Excitation Control Panel…… ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺎت‬ -٢
‫ ﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬110 VDC ‫ ﻓﻴﺤﻮﻟﻪ إﻟﻲ‬380 v ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ‬ Battery Section -٣
And It Consists Of Two Sections ( Load Section
Load ‫ ﻋﻠﻲ ال ـ‬Back up (‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺎت ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻲ أﻧﻪ رﻗﻴﺐ )ﻳﻐﻄﻲ‬
, Battery Section ). ‫ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ إذا ﺣﺪث ﻓﺸﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ وإذا ﻓﺸﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺛﻨﻴﻦ ] اﻟـ‬Section
.‫اﻟﻤﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ [ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺎت‬Battery + Load
BORRI PANEL BORRI PANEL
110 v Dc ‫ إﻟﻲ‬PCA ‫ اﻷﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ‬AC 380 Volt ‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
* It Converts 380 AC Volts (Which Comes
+ Synoptic ‫ ] اﻟـ‬-: ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬DC ‫اﻟﺬاهﺐ إﻟﻲ أي ﺣﻤﻞ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻲ‬
From PCA ) TO 110 DC Volts, Which Go To
[ HVGS ‫اﻟﺮﻳﻼﻳﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ‬
Dc Loads Such As ( Synoptic , HVGS ) .
BATTERY CHARGER 1,2,3 BATTERY CHARGER 1,2,3

4 ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ‬DC ‫ اﻟﻰ‬AC ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
* It Is Used To Convert Ac Volts To Dc Volts AN [ Aux.Bus bar ]
Which Take Its Inputs From Auxiliary Bus Bar , -:‫اﻟﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ‬
And Its Out Put Is Used To Feed Battery .‫ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ)ﺷﺤﻦ( اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺎت‬-١
Charger And Feed Dc Loads Such As The ‫ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‬control ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ال‬dc ‫ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ أﺣﻤﺎل ال‬- ٢
Control System Of Turbines. ‫وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻮاﺗﻴﺮ ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺎت اﻟﻄﻮارىء ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫‪Dictionary‬‬
‫‪tender‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪Revise‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ -‬ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬
‫‪bid‬‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎء أو ﻣﺰاﻳﺪة‬ ‫‪penalty‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎب ‪ -‬ﻏﺮاﻣﺔ‬
‫‪requisition‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﻃﻠﺐ رﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪clause‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ ﻓﻘﺮة ‪ -‬ﻣﺎدة ‪ -‬ﻋﺒﺎرة‬
‫‪currency‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪payment‬‬ ‫أﺟﺮﻩ‬
‫‪bond‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ‪ -‬ﺳﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪graduation‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ ‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ‬
‫‪requested‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺎس ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪crystal‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮري‬
‫‪approve‬‬ ‫واﻓﻖ ‪ -‬ﺻﺎدق ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪wireless‬‬ ‫ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬
‫‪bidder‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎرض اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ‪ -‬ﻣﺰاﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪parity‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎواة ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫‪response‬‬ ‫رد إﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪mate‬‬ ‫رﻓﻴﻖ‬
‫‪envelope‬‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺎء ‪ -‬ﻏﻼف‬ ‫‪Bit‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬
‫‪Available‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﺘﺎح‬ ‫‪Fob‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻄﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪committee‬‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ‬ ‫‪free on board‬‬
‫‪shackle‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ ﺷﻜﺎل‬ ‫‪air fright‬‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻦ هﻮاﺋﻲ‬
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﻲء‬

‫‪robus +‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮي ‪ -‬ﺿﻠﻴﻊ ‪ -‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪swivel‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪hassh‬‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ‪ -‬ﺧﺸﻦ‬ ‫‪carne‬‬ ‫وﻧﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺪة ‪ -‬أﺟﻞ ‪ -‬إﺳﻢ‬
‫‪term‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮط‬ ‫‪origin‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫‪hang‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻖ ﺗﺪﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪goods‬‬ ‫ﺑﻀﺎﻋﺔ ‪ -‬ﺳﻠﻌﺔ‬
‫‪master‬‬ ‫رﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪supplier‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮرد‬
‫‪subject‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫‪Quotation‬‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻦ ‪ -‬أﺳﻌﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﻣﺮاﺳﻠﺔ‪-‬‬
‫‪correspondence‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪Null‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ‪ -‬ﻣﻠﻐﻲ‬
‫رﻓﻊ إﻟﻲ ‪ -‬ﺧﻀﻊ –‬
‫‪submit‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺒـ‬ ‫‪void‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎرغ ‪ -‬ﻻﻏﻲ‬
‫أﺳﻌﺎر ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫‪competitive‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪Alternative‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ‪ -‬ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﻲ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ‪ -‬اﺳﺘﻼم ‪-‬‬
‫‪reception‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫‪basis‬‬ ‫أﺳﺎس ‪ -‬ﻣﺒﺪأ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬

- ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬- ‫ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‬
commercial ‫ﺗﺠﺎري‬ valid ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
reply ‫رد‬ place of ‫ﺑﺪ ًﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻲ‬- ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ‬
lable ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ Nominated ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ‬
preliminary ‫ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪي‬- ‫اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬ telemetry ‫ﻣﺮﻗﺐ‬
deposit ‫ رهﻦ‬- ‫ ودﻳﻌﺔ‬- ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ confidential ‫ ﺳﺮي‬- ‫ﺧﺎص‬
budget ‫ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬- ‫ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ‬
parameter ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ traction force ‫ﻗﻮة ﺟﺮ أﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
armature ‫ﻋﻀﻮ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‬ transverse ‫ﻋﺮض‬
concentric ‫ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬ capacitor ‫ﻣﻜﺜﻒ‬
inductive
diamond ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ reactance ‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺔ‬
overhang ‫ﺗﺮاآﻢ‬ eddy current ‫ﺗﻴﺎر اﻋﺼﺎري‬
hysteretic ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
chording ‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬ losses ‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬
slip rings ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺎت اﻻﻧﺰﻻق‬ flux ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬
micro
synchronous motor ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺗﺰاﻣﻨﻲ‬ processor ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ دﻗﻴﻖ‬
squirrel cage induction ‫ﻣﺤﺮك ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮي‬ shaded pole ‫ﻗﻄﺐ ﻣﻈﻞ‬
insulation class ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﻌﺰل‬ diode (‫ﺣﻤﺎم ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ )ﻣﻮﺣﺪ‬
induction motor ‫ﻣﺤﺮك ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮي‬ Inverter ‫ﻣﻐﻴﺮ‬

reactance ‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ‬ converter (‫ﻣﺤﻮل )ﻣﻮﺣﺪ‬
bridge rectifier ‫ﻗﻨﻄﺮة ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ feed back ‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬
torque
harmonic ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﻲ‬ transducer ‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻌﺰم‬
current
contactor ‫ﻣﻼﻣﺲ‬ transducer ‫ﻣﺤﻮل ﺗﻴﺎر‬
hard braking ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺎدة‬ transient ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ‬
soft braking ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬ steady state ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺮة‬
permanent ‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ داﺋﻢ‬
commentator ‫ﻋﻀﻮ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ magnet
compensated ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬ damping ‫إﺿﻤﺤﻼل‬
windings ‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬ ripples ‫ذﺑﺬﺑﺎت‬
chopper ‫ﺗﻘﻄﻴﻊ‬ skewing ‫ﻣﻴﻞ‬
pulsating
wound rotor ‫داﺋﺮة ﻣﻠﻔﻮف‬ filed ‫ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﺘﺬﺑﺬب‬
speed
End ring ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ reference ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
Amplitude
shunt motor ‫ﻣﺤﺮك ﺗﻮازي‬ error ‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
counter current ‫ﺗﻴﺎر ﻋﻜﺴﻲ‬ resistive load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺎدي‬
attraction ‫ﺗﺠﺎذب‬ slots ‫ﻣﺠﺎري‬
A actuator ‫داﻓﻊ‬
super
conductors ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻼت ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ‬
steady flow ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻄﺮد‬ turbo comp. ‫ﺿﺎﻏﻂ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
region ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ fluid motive ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻊ داﻓﻊ‬
boundaries ‫ﺣﺪود‬ piston ‫آﺒﺎس‬
prefect gas (‫ﻏﺎز ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ )ﺗﺎم‬ ring (‫ﺷﻨﺒﺮ )ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬
outer dead
continuous agitation ‫هﻴﺠﺎن داﺋﻢ‬ point ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ‬
container ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮي‬ isothermal ‫ﺷﺜﺒﻮت درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
clearance
steady state ‫اﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬ volume ‫ﺣﻴﺰ اﻟﺨﻠﻮص‬
fan damper ‫ﻣﺨﻤﺪ‬ tightness ‫اﺣﻜﺎم‬
juke hammer ‫دﻗﺎق ﺁﻟﻲ‬ admitted ‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮب‬
indicator
presses ‫ﻣﻜﺎﺑﺲ‬ diagram ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬
Roto
dynamic
wrench ‫رﺑﻂ‬ comp. ‫ﺿﻮاﻏﻂ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
release ‫ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ‬ shock waves ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﺻﺪﻣﻴﺔ‬
turbo
perform work ‫أداء ﺷﻐﻞ‬ machines ‫ﻣﺎآﻴﻨﺎت دوارﻩ‬
discharge ‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ‬- ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬ power driven ‫ادارة ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
direct
standard conditions ‫ﻇﺮوف ﻋﻴﺎرﻳﺔ‬ connected ‫ادارة ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
effective ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ prime mover ‫ﻣﺤﺮك أوﻟﻲ‬
main rotor ‫ﺣﻠﺰون رﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ jacket ‫ﻗﻤﻴﺺ‬
gears ‫ﻣﺴﻨﻨﺎت‬ construction ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
differential
casing ‫ﻏﻼف‬ pistons ‫آﺒﺎﺳﺎت ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
crank case
develop ‫ﻳﻮﻟﺪ‬ open ‫ﻋﻤﻮد إدارة ﻣﻔﺘﻮح‬
opposed
principle ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ compressors ‫ﺿﻮاﻏﻂ ﻣﺘﻀﺎدة‬
trapping ‫ﺣﺠﺰ‬ forked ‫ﺷﻮآﺔ‬
connecting
screw compressor ‫ﺿﺎﻏﻂ ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻲ‬ rod ‫ﻋﻤﻮد اﺗﺼﺎل‬
return
sliding vane ‫رﻳﺸﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ‬ passage ‫ﻣﺴﺎر ﺗﺮﺟﻴﻊ‬
inlet port ‫ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ دﺧﻮل‬ overload ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ زاﺋﺪ‬
closure ‫إﻏﻼق‬ universal ‫ﻋﺎم‬
clearance pocket ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﻴﺐ ﺧﻠﻮص‬ characteristic ‫أداء‬
surging ‫اﻧﻬﻴﺎر‬ chocking ‫ﺧﻨﻖ‬
stall ‫اﻧﻔﺼﺎل دوار‬
wooden form ‫ﺷﺪة ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ block ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬
hardener ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺪ‬ stuff ‫ﺣﺸﻮ‬
feather
fluidity ‫ﻣﻴﻮﻋﺔ‬ values ‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت رﻳﺸﺔ‬
dense ‫آﺜﻴﻒ‬ wiper ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت‬
homogenous ‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬ grooved face ‫وﺟﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﺤﺰز‬
driver ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ inter cooler ‫ﻣﺒﺮدات ﺑﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
fly-wheel ‫ﺣﺪاﻓﺔ‬ After cooler ‫ﻣﺒﺮدات ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‬
deflections ‫اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت‬ baffles ‫ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ‬
dial scale ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﺪرج‬ rivet ‫ﺑﺮﺷﺎم‬
pointer ‫اﺑﺮة‬ inflammable ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻸﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬
machined ‫ﻧﺎﻋﻢ‬ toxic ‫ﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬
flange ‫وﺻﻠﺔ‬ foundation ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬
alignment procedure ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ grouting ‫ﺣﻘﻦ‬
first crank ‫اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ pockets ‫ﺟﻮاﻳﻂ‬
radial alignment ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻗﻄﺮي‬ skid ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬
misalignment ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻗﻄﺮي‬ auxiliaries ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬
traps ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻳﺪ‬ anchor bolt ‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
pair of screw
vent ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺚ‬ threads ‫ﻟﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﻗﻼوظ‬
throttling value ‫ﺣﻤﺎم ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬ bond ‫رﺑﺎط‬
check value ‫ﺣﻤﺎم ﻋﺪم ﺧﺮوج‬ oil proof ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺖ‬
‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
crosshead ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ unshrinking ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻺﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬
guides ‫دﻻﺋﻞ‬ vent ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺚ‬
coupling ‫ﻗﺮص اﺗﺼﺎل‬ chase ‫ﻳﺨﺸﻦ‬
lubricator ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺘﺔ‬ bolt grouting ‫ﻳﺤﻘﻦ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎر‬
mesh strainer ‫ﻣﺼﻔﺎة‬ shim ‫ﻟﻴﻨﺔ‬
crank case ‫ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﻜﺮاﻧﻚ‬ ovalization (‫ﺑﻴﻀﺎوي) ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮ‬
crosshead guides ‫دﻻﺋﻞ وﺻﻠﺔ رأﺳﻴﺔ‬ inter mediate press ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬
concrote
oil sump ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻊ زﻳﺖ‬ reintorced ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
lubritant header ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬ off center ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰ‬
oil forced ‫زﻳﺖ ﻣﺪﻓﻮع‬ splashing ‫رش‬
relif value ‫ﺑﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺚ‬ swinging ‫ﻣﺘﺄرﺟﺢ‬
crank case shield ‫ﻏﻄﺎء ﻏﻼف اﻟﻜﺮاﻧﻚ‬ shoe wearing ‫ﻟﻘﻢ ﺗﺄآﻞ‬
wire net cartridges ‫ﺧﺮﻃﻮﺷﺔ ﺷﺒﻚ ﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ sight glass ‫زﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
paper cartridge ‫ﺧﺮﻃﻮﺷﺔ ورق‬ gland ‫ﺟﻠﺒﺔ‬
pour point ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻮﻟﺔ‬ symptoms ‫أﻋﺮاض‬
‫‪flash point‬‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮهﺞ‬ ‫‪stethoscope‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪impurities‬‬ ‫رواﺳﺐ‬ ‫‪pyrometer‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫‪vent‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪locking nuts‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮاﻣﻴﻞ زﻧﻖ‬
‫‪drain‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪seal housing‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺐ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب‬
‫‪plant‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪة ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻄﺔ‬ ‫‪seats‬‬ ‫آﺮاﺳﻲ‬
‫‪piston locking nuts‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ زﻧﻖ آﺒﺎس‬ ‫‪cross head pins‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﺑﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺑﻮش‬
‫‪light film‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ رﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫‪scored‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫‪probing clearance‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺨﻠﻮص‬
‫‪liner‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪pin‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺑﻮر‬ ‫‪undersized‬‬ ‫ذو ﻣﻘﺎس أﻗﻞ‬
‫‪counter weights‬‬ ‫أﺛﻘﺎل ﺗﻮازن‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ‬


‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬
‫إﻋﺪاد م‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺰهﺎر‬

‫* ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮح ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻷهﻢ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻔﺎهﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻐﺮض ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ واﻟﻤﺘﺪرﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ رأس اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﺠﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫* اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ إدراآﻨﺎ ﻟﻤﺪى أهﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ وﻧﺄﻣﻞ أن ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻲ إﺻﺪار ﻻﺣﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫* اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻮاردة وﻋﺪدهﺎ أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٩٠٠‬ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أآﺜﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺪاوﻟﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫واﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎ أﻣﺮًا ﺿﺮورﻳ َﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﺎﻏﻠﻲ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ واﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪.‬‬
‫* ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺪر وﺟﻮدهﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮاﻣﻴﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫* اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ وﻓﻘ ًﺎ ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﻬﺠﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫* أأﻣﻞ أن ﻳﻜﻮن هﺬا اﻟﺠﻬﺪ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺮواﻓﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎهﻢ ﻓﻲ رﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ ﻷداء ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ ﺑﻴﺴﺮ وﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬


























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‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
































































‫‪PREPAIRED BY ENG.‬‬
‫‪ABDELAZIZ ALZHAR‬‬


Gas Turbine in Arabic

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Copyright:

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Gas Turbine in Arabic

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Copyright:

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‫دورة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﺎدئ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬

‫م‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﺰهﺎر‬

‫م‪ .‬ﺻـﻼح ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬

‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻵﺗﻲ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ – ١‬ﻋﺮض اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻌًﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ٢‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ واﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ٣‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ واﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬

‫‪ -٧‬إرﻓﺎق اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ واﻟﺮﺳﻮم واﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎآﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺸﺮح‬

‫وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮاءة هﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع أرﺟﻮ اﻵﺗﻲ ‪- :‬‬

‫‪ – ٢‬أن ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﷲ هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺿﻊ وأن ﻳﻨﻔﻊ اﷲ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس ‪........‬‬

‫‪ABDELAZIZ_ALZHAR@YAHOO.COM‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت واﻻﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ اﻵﺗﻲ‬

‫واﷲ وﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ‪،،،،،،،،،،‬‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪Combustion Chamber‬‬

‫‪ (٣‬ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ ‪Turbine Section‬‬

‫‪ (٤‬ﺻﻨﻮق اﻟﺘﺮوس ‪Gear Box‬‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫) ‪.........( LUBE OIL SYSTEM‬‬ ‫داﺋﺮة ) ﻧﻈﺎم ( زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ‬ ‫◊‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ )هﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻰ – آﻬﺮﺑﻰ – ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ -‬إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ(‪...........................‬‬ ‫◊‬

‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫◊‬

‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫◊‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﻤﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫‪................COMBUSION INSPECTION‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮة ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫◊‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺪاوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪......................‬‬ ‫*‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﺸﺮ‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫وﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺳﻮف ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬

‫واﷲ وﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪،،،،،،،،‬‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫‪Gas Turbines‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

‫•‬ ‫……… ‪INTRODUCTION‬‬ ‫◊ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪..........................‬‬

‫‪FIRST CHAPTER‬‬ ‫اﻟـــﺒـــﺎب اﻷول‬

‫‪# Methods of electric generation……….‬‬ ‫◊ ﻃﺮق ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪..........................‬‬

‫‪# Types of gas turbines………………….‬‬

‫…‪# Gas turbine advantages……………..‬‬

‫‪# Gas turbine heat cycle………………….‬‬ ‫◊ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪.........‬‬

‫‪# Concepts of gas turbines operation……..‬‬ ‫* أﺳﺲ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‪...............‬‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

Methods Of Power Generation ‫ﻃﺮق ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬

Components Of Gas Turbines ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬

A - The Air Compressor The Air Compressor ‫أ ( ﺿﺎﻏﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬

C - The Turbine The Turbine ‫ج ( اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫‪E - Auxiliaries‬‬ ‫هـ ( اﻵﻻت واﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ‪Auxiliaries‬‬

‫‪1 – Gas fuel‬‬ ‫‪2 – Liquid fuel‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬وﻗﻮد ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫‪ – ١‬ﻏﺎز‬

‫إﻋﺪاد م‪٠ .‬‬

THIRDLY: NUMBER OF SHAFTS ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺪد اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ‬

Fourthly: For Combustion System ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬:‫راﺑﻌ ًﺎ‬

Advantages Of Gas Turbines: ‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ‬

Constant Volume Gas Turbines: ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬

The only effect due to heat addition in the

In The Constant Volume Gas Turbine, Usually

The Most Important Disadvantage Of This Type

Constant Pressure Gas Turbines: ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت ذات اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫………………‪# TYPES OF COUPLING‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪..................................................‬‬ ‫‬

‫‪# ACCESSORY GEARBOX………..….‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻠﻦ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺼﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪.....‬‬ ‫‬

Consists Of Number Of Stages ‫ ﻣﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬