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Concept:
(a) The acceleration of the electron is given as: a = v2/r
Here, v is the speed with which the electron revolves and r is the
radius of the circular orbit of electron.
(b) The force acting on the electron is the centripetal force with
magnitude, F= ma
Here, m is the mass of electron, and is equal to 9.1×1031 kg.
The force is the centripetal force, and is directed towards the center
of the circular orbit.
Solution:
a = (2.18×106 m/s)2/(5.29×1011 m)
= 8.98×1022 m/s2
Therefore, the acceleration of the electron is 8.98×1022 m/s2 .
Therefore, the force acting on the electron is of magnitude 8.1×108N,
and directed towards the center of the circular orbit.
Question 2:Wheel A of radius rA = 10.0 cm is coupled by a belt b to
wheel C of radius rC = 25.0 cm, as shown in below figure.
Wheel Aincreases its angular speed from rest at a uniform rate of
1.60 rad/s2. Determine the time for wheel C to reach a rotational
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speed of 100 rev/min, assuming the belt does not slip. (Hint: If the
belt does not slip, the linear speeds at the rims of the two wheels
must be equal.)
Concept:Assume that desired angular speed of wheel C is ωC and
the angular velocity of wheel A corresponding to angular speed of
wheel C is ωA.
The belt rolls without slipping, therefore the tangential speed of the
wheel must be equal, that is vTA = vTC
Here vTA is the tangential speed of wheel A and vTC is the tangential
speed of wheel C.
The above equation can also be written as:
rAωA = rC ωC
ωA = (rC ωC) /rA
The time taken by wheel A to attain the angular speed of ωA is equal
to the time taken by wheel C to attain the angular speed ωC.
Therefore if the wheel has an angular acceleration say α, the time
taken by the wheel A to move from rest to ωA is:
α = ωA/t
t = ωA/ α
Substitute ωA = (rC ωC) /rA in the equation t = ωA/ α,
Therefore the time taken by wheel C to attain the angular speed
ofωC is t =(rC ωC) /αrA.
Solution:
2
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Round off to three significant figures,
t = 16.4 s
Therefore the time taken by wheel C to attain the angular speed of
100 rev/min is 16.4 s.
Concept:
Use the rotational inertia of the uniform block about the axis passing
through its center and normal to the plane, as shown in the diagram
above:
The rotational inertia say I of the block about the axis shown in figure
above is
1/12 [M (a2+b2)].
Therefore the rotational inertia (say I ') about the axis through one
corner and perpendicular to the large face can be calculated using
the parallel axis theorem as: I '= I +Mh2
Here h is the perpendicular distance between the both the axis (refer
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figure below)
Solution:
The distance h is given as:
Therefore the moment of inertia of the uniform block about the axis
through one corner and perpendicular to large face of the block
is M (a2 + b2)/3.
Question 4: A top is spinning at 28.6 rev/s about an axis making an
angle of 34.0º with the vertical. Its mass is 492 g and its rotational
inertia is 5.12×104 kg.m2. The center of mass is 3.88 cm from the
pivot point. The spin is clockwise as seen from above. Find the
magnitude (in rev/s) and direction of the angular velocity of
precession.
Concept:
The angular velocity of the precession of the spinning top is given as:
ω p = Mgr/L
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of the spinning top, g is the acceleration due to gravity and r is the
distance between the origin and the point at the top.
Also, the angular momentum of the spinning top can be written
asL=Iω. Substitute the value of angular momentum in
equation ω p =Mgr/L,
ω p = Mgr / Iω
Here ω is the angular velocity of the spinning top and I its rotational
inertia.
Solution:
Substitute 492 g for M, 9.81 m/s2 for g, 3.88 cm for r, 5.12×10
4kg.m 2 for I and 28.6 rev/s for ω in equation ω
p = Mgr / Iω,
Therefore, the angular velocity of the precession of the spinning top
is 0.324 rev/s.
The figure below shows the spinning top and the direction of the
angular velocity of precession.
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It can be seen from the figure that the direction of ω p is
perpendicular to the plane of cone.
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