E.N.G.I.N.E.E.R., Inc.

BASIC MEPF DESIGN

FOR MIX-USE BUILDINGS
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January 2016
 MEPF ENGINEERING trends…
• Mechanical Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Plumbing Engineers and Fire
Protection Engineers are specialists, commonly referred to as "MEPF“ (mechanical,
electrical, plumbing & fire pro engineers) or sometimes referred to as “MEP” only or
sometimes referred to as “MEPFS” which includes Sanitary Engineering for sewage
treatment , when engaged in the building design fields. Also known as "building
services engineering" in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.
• Mechanical engineers design and oversee the heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC), fire suppression/ sprinkler system (83psi and above with fire
pump & jockey pump), stairwell pressurization, steam lines & boilers, lift/ elevator
systems.
• Plumbing/Sanitary engineers often design or oversee lower pressure fire protection
(without fire pump), hot and cold water supply system, gray water re-use, sanitary
sewer lines & ventilation, LPG/gas lines, rainwater collection and storm drainage
systems.
• Electrical engineers are responsible for the building's power distribution & standby
power generators/ uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, telecommunication,
fire detection & alarm, signalization, grounding system, lightning protection, building
automation systems (BAS), as well as lighting and small power (CO) systems.
 MECHANICAL DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS:
• AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM

• VENTILATION SYSTEM
• FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
• STAIRWELL PRESURIZATION SYSTEM
• LIFT (ELEVATOR) SYSTEM

• OTHER AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

• PER AREA METHOD OF AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN

• ASSUME: ONE (1) TOR FOR EVERY 15 SQ. METERS
AREA
• WHERE ONE (1) TOR = 1 TON OF REFRIGERATION
• TO CALCULATE THE HP RATING OF AN
AIRCONDITIONER:
• HP OF AIRCON UNIT = 1 TOR X 1.2 HP/TOR
EXAMPLE OF SIZING HP OF AIRCON UNIT

• OFFICE ROOM IS 6 MTRS LONG BY 5 MTRS WIDE.

• CALCULATE THE TONNAGE AND THE HP RATING OF
THE AIRCON UNIT.

– TOR = (6 MTRS X 5 MTRS) / 15 SQ.MTRS PER TON

– TOR = 2 TONS
– TO TAL HP = 2.4 HP
• SAY USE 1 UNIT OF 2.5 HP WINDOW TYPE ACU OR
USE 1 UNIT OF 3-TONNER SPLIT TYPE ACU
EXAMPLE OF SIZING HP OF AIRCON UNIT

• OFFICE ROOM IS 12 MTRS LONG BY 6 MTRS WIDE.

• CALCULATE THE TONNAGE AND THE HP RATING OF
THE AIRCON UNIT.

– TOR = (12MTRS X 6 MTRS) / 15 SQ.MTRS PER TON

– TOR = 4.8 TONS
– TO TAL HP =5.76 HP
• SAY USE 2 UNITS OF 3-TONNER SPLIT TYPE ACUS
EXAMPLE OF SIZING HP OF AIRCON UNIT

• OFFICE ROOM IS 24 MTRS LONG BY 8 MTRS WIDE.

• CALCULATE THE TONNAGE AND THE HP RATING OF
THE AIRCON UNIT.

– TOR = (24MTRS X 8 MTRS) / 15 SQ.MTRS PER TON

– TOR = 12.8 TONS
– TO TAL HP = 15.36 HP
• SAY USE 3 UNITS OF 5-TONNER SPLIT TYPE ACUS
 VENTILATION SYSTEM
• REQUIREMENT FOR REST ROOMS/ COMFORT ROOMS:
• ASSUME 15 CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE (CFM) PER
PERSON
EXAMPLE:
• IF A REST ROOM HAS 5 WATER CLOSETS & 3
LAVATORIES, THEN CFM OF VENTILATION REQUIRED IS
• EQUAL TO (5 + 3) PERSONS X 15 CFM PER PERSON =
120 CFM MIN.
• SAY USE: A 160 CFM EXHAUST CEILING FAN
SAMPLE OF EXHAUST FAN
Type: Centrifugal Fan
Electric Current Type: AC
Blade Material: Plastic
Mounting: Ceiling Fan
Brand Name:
Model Number: CF-180
Power: 60W
Voltage: 230V
Speed: 1200 RPM
Certification: SASO
Blade: 7 Dia.
Frequency: 60 Hz
Capacity: 4.56 m3/min (160CFM)
Static Pressure: 12 mm/W.G
Sound LeveL: 49 dB(A)
G.W: 2.4 Kgs
 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
(NFPA 13)
• FOR A BUILDING NOT MORE THAN 4-STOREYS, AN
AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS NOT
MANDATORY, EXCEPT IF IT IS A HOTEL, A DORMITORY,
OR A BUILDING INTENDED TO STORE FLAMMABLE
MATERIALS.
• OTHERWISE, INSTEAD OF A FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM, A
DRY STAND-PIPE SYSTEM COMPLETE WITH FIRE
HYDRANTS WITH FIRE HOSE PER FLOOR IS REQUIRED. IN
ADDITION, FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ARE REQUIRED IN
EACH FLOOR LEVEL.
• FOR A BUILDING ABOVE 4 STOREYS, AN AUTOMATIC
FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM COMPLETE WITH A FIRE PUMP
AND A JOCKEY PUMP IS MANDATORY.
 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
(NFPA 13)
• SPRINKLER NOOZLES - MUST BE SPACED NOT
MORE THAN 12 FT. OFF-CENTER; A MINIMUM
OF 1 UNIT IN SMALL ROOMS
TYPICAL SPACING OF NOOZLES
(NFPA 13)
FIRE HOSE CABINETS (NFPA 13)
A fire hose cabinet
must be provided on
each end of the
building lobby near
the stairs, with the
length of the fire hose
that could reach the
farthest point on the
floor or level
(20M or 15M).
 BASIC RULE OF THUMB IN FIRE
SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION (NFPA 13)
Size of Pipe Max.No. of Sprinklers
Allowed
1” 2 sprinklers
1 ¼” 3 sprinklers
1 ½” 5 sprinklers
2” 10 sprinklers
2 ½” 20 sprinklers
3” 40 sprinklers
3 ½” 65 sprinklers
4” 100 sprinklers
5” 160 sprinklers
6” 275 sprinklers

From NFPA #13, Table 8-5.3.2(a)

 1.4 FIRE PUMP & JOCKEY PUMP

• JOCKEY PUMP – TO PUMP WATER FROM THE

FIREWATER TANK & MAINTAIN THE OPERATING
WATER PRESSURE IN THE SYSTEM @24/7 at
120PSI MINIMUM.

• FIRE PUMP – TO DELIVER FIRE WATER AT THE

INSTANT THE CUT IN PRESSURE IS REACHED DUE
TO THE OPERATION OF A SPRINKLER NOOZLE
AFTER THE OCCURRENCE OF A FIRE.
TYPICAL INSTALLATION OF FIRE PUMP
& JOCKEY PUMP
 FIREWATER TANK

• FIREWATER TANK – MUST HAVE CAPACITY ADEQUATE

FOR THE OPERATION OF SPRINKLERS.
• IT IS GENERALLY SIZED SIMILAR IN CAPACITY AS THE
DOMESTIC WATER TANK IN ORDER TO PROVIDE AS AN
ALTERNATE STORAGE FOR DOMESTIC WATER.
• A NORMALLY CLOSED GATE VALVE INTER-CONNECTS
THE FIREWATER TANK AND THE DOMESTIC WATER
TANK TO ALLOW CLEANING OF EITHER TANK.
• A GOOD CONSIDERATION IS TO PROVIDE A RAINWATER
STORAGE TANK WITH FILTER WHICH CAN PROVIDE
ALTERNATE WATER SUPPLY TO THE FIREWATER TANK.
STAIRWELL PRESURIZATION SYSTEM
(NFPA 92)
 STAIRWELL PRESURIZATION FANS or SPFs
(NFPA 92)
• In the event of a fire emergency, the stairwells are frequently the
primary escape route and may also serve as the primary access
route for firefighting teams. In these smoke control zones,
stairwell pressurization fans (or SPF) are used to pressurize
stairwells to limit smoke infiltration by maintaining positive
pressure across closed stairwell doors. Fans used for stairwell
pressurization should be designed to operate at low enough
pressures so that exit doors can be safely opened during
evacuation.
• Just like the Fire Pump, the SPF system should be automatically be
operated by the operation of the FDAS system.
• It is recommended here to use variable frequency driven SPFs in
order to maintain the correct positive pressure (a pressure
differential of not more than 0.25inch w.g. or 62.2 Pa) and prevent
 STAIRWELL PRESURIZATION SYSTEM
STANDARDS (NFPA 92)
• THE MOST STRINGENT STANDARDS ARE IN:
• 1) Country: Canada Code: NBCC 1990
• Door velocity: 4.72 cu.m/sec + 0.094 cu.m/sec for
every door
• Number of Effective Open Doors: Four (2 Doors on 3
Floors, Exit Door)
• No mention of Air Pressure (min. or max.)

• 2) Country: USA Code: NFPA 92A, 1988

• Pressure: 45 Pa min. to 133Pa max.
• No mention of air velocities
 AIR PRESURIZATION CALCULATIONS
1/2
PRES S URIZATION CALCULATIONS : Method 1 Q= Kf *Al*(DP) NOTES
ZONE 1 Eqn. 4.8a - from
Q = Flow Rate (cfm) ASHRAE
of Smoke MDesign
anagement
1/2
Q= Kf *Al*(DP) K f = Coefficient, 2610 Systems,
2
A l = Flow Area, ft pg. 42
DP = Pressure Diff., 0.05, in H 2O
Flow/ Leakage area calculations:
Table 1
Total
Structural Number of Height Length Depth Area Flow Leakage
Flow area
Component item Area Area values
(ft) (ft) (ft) (ft 2) (ft 2) (ft 2) taken from:
ASHRAE
Design
of Smoke
Doors 26 3 7 0.3 7.8 M anagement
1 2 2
Walls 2 20 170 6800 0.001 6.8 1997 UBC
2 20 200 8000 0.001 8
Ceiling 1 200 170 34000 0.0005 17 1997 UBC

Total = 41.6
Total Flow Area:

(summed from
Table 1) Al = 41.6 ft 2
Coefficient: Kf = 2610
Pressure
Difference: DP = 0.05 in H20
Volumetric Flow
Rate: = 24278.33 cfm
Q = 24278.33 cfm
 HP SIZE OF PRESSURIZATION FAN

• FROM EXAMPLE
• Q = 24,278 CFM MINIMUM
• FROM A TYP. FAN PERFORMANCE CURVES OF A
MANUFACTURER OF HEAVY DUTY INDUSTRIAL FANS
& BLOWERS, THE HP RATING IS FROM 10HP TO 15HP
• USE: 15HP, 230V, 3PHASE, 60 HZ, 29,000CFM
 LIFT (ELEVATOR) SYSTEM
• ELEVATOR SYSTEMS ARE VERY SPECIALIZED
EQUIPMENT.
• IT IS ADVISED TO CONSULT WITH ELEVATOR
MANUFACTURERS/ SUPPLIERS RE THE TRAFFIC
REQUIREMENTS OF EACH PARTICULAR BUILDING.
• FOR REFERENCES:
• A 22-STOREY MIX-USE BUILDING HAS TWO (2) LIFTS,
EACH DRIVEN BY A 25HP 3-PHASE 400/230 VOLTS 60HZ
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE (VFD) MOTOR.
• AN 11-STOREY MIX-USE BUILDING HAS TWO (2) LIFTS,
EACH DRIVEN BY A 20HP 3-PHASE 400/230VOLTS VFD
MOTOR.
 PLUMBING DESIGN
• DESIGN BASIS:
• TABLE 6-5 ON PAGE 73 OF THE NATIONAL PLUMBING
CODE OF 1999 INDICATES THE “EQUIVALENT WATER
SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS” FOR EVERY TYPE OF
PLUMBING FIXTURES, INCLUDING LAVATORIES,
SHOWER HEADS, SINKS, WATER CLOSETS, ETC.
• SIMILARLY, TABLE 5-1 ON PAGE 107 OF THE PLUMBING
DESIGN & ESTIMATES BY MAX FAJARDO, JR. INDICATES
A SIMPLIFIED “FIXTURE UNIT VALUES” FOR VARIOUS
PLUMBING FIXTURES.
 RAINWATER COLLECTION
SYSTEMS
The best option is the provision of an
underground cistern with filters and
baffles to further filter rainwater from the
roof and the gutters through
sedimentation. The capacity of this tank
should be at least equal to that of the
calculated size of the domestic water tank.
RAINWATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS
RAINWATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS
 RAINWATER
INJECTION
One good option is the re-
injection of rainwater to an
underground well through
sand filters. This scheme
which saves space help save
rainwater from being wasted
to the sea and to evaporation.
The water in the well can be
pumped up for domestic
purposes.
 PLUMBING DESIGN
• EXAMPLE OF FIXTURE UNIT CALCULATIONS TO DETERMINE WATER
SUPPLY DEMAND (USING TABLE 5-1, FIXTURE UNIT VALUES, PAGE
107, PLUMBING DESIGN & ESTIMATES BY MAX FAJARDO, JR.):
• A 4-STOREY BUILDING HAS 11 WATER CLOSETS, 11 LAVATORIES, 9
SHOWERS & 3 KITCHEN SINKS, CALCULATE THE MAXIMUM
DEMAND OF WATER.
• WATER CLOSETS, 11 X 6 UNITS/ CLOSET = 66 UNITS
• LAVATORIES, 11 X 1 UNIT/ LAVATORY = 11 UNITS
• SHOWERS, 9 X 2 UNITS / SHOWER = 18 UNITS
• KITCHEN SINKS, 3 X 2 UNITS/ SINK = 6 UNITS
• TOTAL FIXTURE UNITS = 101 UNITS
• EST.MAX.DEMAND = 101 UNITS X 8 GAL/UNIT = 808 GAL
• OR 808 GAL X 3.78 LITERS/ GAL = 3,054 LITERS
• USE: 3000-LITER STAINLESS STEEL TANK
 PUMPS REQUIRED

• WATER BOOSTER PUMP

• WATER PRESSURE PUMP & PRESSURE TANK
• CONSTANT PRESSURE PUMP/ WILO PUMP
• SUMP PUMP
WATER BOOSTER PUMP
 PUMP SIZING
• FOR AN UPFEED WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM,
ASSUMING TO FILL UP THE 3000-LITER (800-GAL) TANK
IN 30 MINUTES,
• THE MIN. CAPACITY OF THE WATER PUMP IS
• = 800 GAL/ 30 MINUTES = 26.7 GAL. PER MINUTE OR
GPM, MINIMUM
• FROM PUMP PERFORMANCE TABLES (McMASTER
CATALOG, PAGE 1201)
• FOR A MAXIMUM OF 60-FT HEAD, 40GPM CAPACITY,
THE RATING OF THE MOTOR DRIVE IS
• 1HP, 230V 1-PHASE 60HZ. (REFER TO PUMP SUPPLIER).
WATER PRESSURE PUMP
CONSTANT PRESSURE PUMP/
WILO PUMP
 PUMP SIZING FOR LARGER VOLUMES
• FOR A CONSTANT PRESSURE SUPPLY SYSTEM (LIKE WILO
PUMPS, GRUNDFOS, ETC.)
• SAY FOR A 10,000 LITERS (2,645 GAL) SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR
AN 11-STOREY OFFICE BUILDING,
• THE MIN. CAPACITY OF THE WATER PUMP AT 15-MINUTE
PUMPING IS:
• = 2645 GAL/ 15 MINUTES = 176 GAL. PER MINUTE OR GPM,
MINIMUM
• FOR A 4-STAGE WILO PUMP, USE
• FOR A MAXIMUM OF 120-FT HEAD, 176GPM CAPACITY, THE
RATING OF THE WILO MOTOR DRIVE IS:
• FOUR x 1.5HP, 230V 3-PHASE 60HZ VARIABLE FREQUENCY
DRIVE (VFD) MOTORS. (REFER TO PUMP SUPPLIER).
SUMP PUMPS
 SUMP PUMP SIZING
• ASSUMING A BASEMENT PUMP AREA OF 12M X 6M OR 72
SQM, THE ESTIMATED VOLUME OF LEAKAGE WATER AT SAY
0.20M HIGH, THE VOLUME IS,
• VOLUME = 12 X 6 X 0.10 = 7.2 CU.M OR 1,904 GAL
• ASSUMING A 30 MINUTES PUMPING TIME, THE PUMP GPM
CAPACITY IS,
• GPM = 1,904 / 30 = 63.5 GPM, MINIMUM
• OR 3,809 GAL PER HOUR OR GPH, MINIMUM
• REFERRING TO MCMASTER, PAGE 1191,
• USE: 0.5HP 230V, 1-PH, 60HZ, 4,200 GPH, 10FT HEAD SUMP
PUMP, PLUS ADD A SPARE PUMP. (REFER TO PUMP
SUPPLIER).
 ELECTRICAL DESIGN
• REQUIREMENTS:
• 3.1 LIGHTING SYSTEM
• 3.2 SMALL POWER LOADS (CONVENIENCE OUTLETS)
• 3.3 AIRCONDITIONING LOADS
• 3.4 WATER HEATER LOADS
• 3.5 PUMP LOADS – DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY, SUMP PUMP
• 3.6 FIRE PUMP & JOCKEY PUMP
• 3.7 STAIRWELL PRESSURIZATION LOADS
• 3.8 ELEVATOR LOADS
• 3.9 LOAD SCHEDULES & DESIGN COMPUTATIONS
• 3.10 FIRE DETECTION & ALARM SYSTEM (FDAS)
• 3.11 GROUNDING SYSTEM & LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
• 3.12 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS -TELEPHONE/ INTERCOM/ CCTV/CATV/
PUBLIC ADDRESS
3.01 BASIC RULE ON BRANCH CIRCUITS

• NO BRANCH CIRCUIT SHALL BE LOADED IN EXCESS OF

80% OF ITS AMPACITY.
• EXAMPLE 1 FOR A 20-AMPERE CIRCUIT:
• IF THE COMPUTED LOAD CURRENT OF A BRANCH
CIRCUIT IS 16.8 AMPERES, THEN THE NEXT LARGER
SIZE OF WIRE MUST BE USED, EX. 30-AMPERE
• EXAMPLE 2 FOR A 30-AMPERE BRANCH CIRCUIT: THE
MAXIMUM LOAD IS 24 AMPERES..
• EXAMPLE 3 FOR A 15-AMPERE CIRCUIT: THE
MAXIMUM LOAD IS 12 AMPERES..
 PEC-1
ALLOWABLE
AMPACITIES
OF INSULATED
WIRES,
60º C TO 90ºC,
NOT MORE
THAN 3 WIRES
IN CONDUIT,
AMBIENT
TEMP. OF 30ºC
 PEC-1 For
Optional
Calculations -
Demand
Factors for 3
or more
Multifamily
Dwellings
 LIGHTING SYSTEM-1
• PER AREA METHOD
• USE 24 VOLT-AMPERE (VA) PER SQUARE METER
• EXAMPLE 1: A 12M X 8M OFFICE AREA, THE VOLT-AMPERE
LOAD IS,
• VA= 12M X 8M X 24 VA/ SQ. MTR
• VA= 2,304 VA
• THE LOAD CURRENT IS,
• I = VOLT-AMPERE / VOLTAGE
• I = 2,304 VA / 230 VOLTS
• I = 10.01 AMPERES
• USE A MINIMUM OF ONE 15-AMPERE BRANCH CIRCUIT
• USE 2 – 2.0MM2 THHN W/ 15AT CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTECTION FOR THE
BRANCH CIRCUIT
 LIGHTING SYSTEM-2
• PER AREA METHOD
• USE 24 VOLT-AMPERE (VA) PER SQUARE METER
• EXAMPLE 2: A 24M X 6M OFFICE AREA, THE VOLT-AMPERE LOAD IS,
• VA= 24M X 6M X 24 VA/ SQ. MTR
• VA= 3,456 VA
• THE LOAD CURRENT IS,
• I = VOLT-AMPERE / VOLTAGE
• I = 3,456 VA / 230 VOLTS
• I = 15.02 AMPERES
• USE A MINIMUM OF ONE 20-AMPERE BRANCH CIRCUIT
• USE 2 – 2.0MM2 THHN W/ 20AT CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTECTION FOR THE
BRANCH CIRCUIT
 LIGHTING SYSTEM-3
• PER AREA METHOD
• USE 24 VOLT-AMPERE (VA) PER SQUARE METER
• EXAMPLE 3: A 30M X 8M OFFICE AREA, THE VOLT-AMPERE LOAD IS,
• VA= 30M X 8M X 24 VA/ SQ. MTR
• VA= 5,760 VA
• THE LOAD CURRENT IS,
• I = VOLT-AMPERE / VOLTAGE
• I = 5,760 VA / 230 VOLTS
• I = 25.04 AMPERES
• USE A MINIMUM OF TWO 15-AMPERE BRANCH CIRCUITS
• USE 2 – 2.0MM2 THHN W/ 15AT CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTECTION
FOR EACH BRANCH CIRCUIT
 SMALL POWER LOADS
(CONVENIENCE OUTLETS) - 1
• DEPENDING ON THE LAYOUT PLAN, CONVENIENCE OUTLETS SHOULD
BE SPACED AT A MAXIMUM OF 2.4 METERS. THE PEC SPECIFIES 180
VOLT-AMPERE LOAD RATING PER OUTLET.
• EXAMPLE 1: A 12M X 8M OFFICE AREA, THE MAX. NUMBER OF COs
IS,
• = (12M + 8M) 2 / 2.4M = 16.6, SAY 17 Cos, DUPLEX
• THE TOTAL CO VA LOAD IS,
• VA = 17 DUPLEX COs X 180VA X 2 = 6,120 VA
• THE TOTAL LOAD CURRENT IS,
• I = 6120VA / 230 VOLTS = 26.7 AMPERES
• NO. OF CO CIRCUITS = 26.7 / 16 = 1.67, SAY 2 CIRCUITS
• USE 2 CO BRANCH CIRCUITS W/ A 20-AMPERE RATING PER CIRCUIT, 1
CO CIRCUIT WILL HAVE 8 COs AND THE OTHER CIRCUIT WILL HAVE 9
Cos, FOR THE 17 TOTAL COs..
 SMALL POWER LOADS
(CONVENIENCE OUTLETS) - 2
• EXAMPLE 2: A 20M X 20M OFFICE AREA, THE MAX.
NUMBER OF COs IS,
• = (20M + 20M) 2 / 2.4M = 33.3, SAY 33 COs, DUPLEX
• THE TOTAL CO VA LOAD IS,
• VA = 33 DUPLEX COs X 180VA X 2 = 11,880 VA
• THE TOTAL LOAD CURRENT IS,
• I = 11,880VA / 230 VOLTS = 51.65 AMPERES
• NO. OF CO CIRCUITS = 51.65 / 16 = 3.23, SAY 4 CIRCUITS
• USE 4 CO BRANCH CIRCUITS W/ A 20-AMPERE RATING PER
CIRCUIT, 1 CO CIRCUIT WILL HAVE 9 COs AND THE OTHER 3
CIRCUITs WILL HAVE 8 COs, FOR THE 33 TOTAL COs..
 AIRCONDITIONING LOAD - 1
• EXAMPLE 1:
• FOR A 1 UNIT OF 2.5 HP WINDOW TYPE ACU
2.5HP X 746 W
I = __________________
230V/ 0.8 PF / 0.9 EFF’Y
• I = 11.26 AMPERES
• Iw = 11.26 X 125% = 14.08 AMPERES
• USE: 2 – 2.0mm2 THHN + 2.0mm2 TW GROUND WIRE
20AT/60AF/2P 230V CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTECTION
• AMPACITY = 25 AMPERES
 AIRCONDITIONING LOAD - 2
• EXAMPLE 2:
• FOR A 1 UNIT OF 3-TONNER SPLIT TYPE ACU
3 TONS X 1.2HP/TON X 746 W
• I = __________________________
230V X 0.8 PF X 0.9 EFF’Y
• I = 16.2 AMPERES
• Iw = 16.2 X 125% = 20.3 AMPERES
• USE: 2 – 3.5mm2 THHN + 2.0mm2 TW GROUND WIRE
30AT/60AF/2P 230V CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTECTION
• AMPACITY = 30 AMPERES
 AIRCONDITIONING LOAD - 3
• EXAMPLE 3:
• FOR A 1 UNIT OF 5-TONNER SPLIT TYPE ACU
5 TONS X 1.2HP/TON X 746 W
• I = __________________________
230V X 0.8 PF X 0.9 EFF’Y
• I = 27.03 AMPERES
• Iw = 27.03 X 125% = 33.8 AMPERES
• USE: 2 – 5.5mm2 THHN + 2.0mm2 TW GROUND WIRE
30AT/60AF/2P 230V CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTECTION
• AMPACITY = 40 AMPERES
 3.4.1 WATER HEATER LOADS - 1
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 3,600 WATT 230V HEATER 1-PHASE
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = POWER / VOLTAGE
• I = 3,600W / 23OV = 15.65 AMPERES

• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN

• = 15.65 AMPERES X 125% = 19.56 AMPERES

• USE A MINIMUM OF 20-AMPERE CIRCUIT

• WIRES: 2 – 3.5sq.mm THHN COPPER (30A AMPACITY)
+ 2.0 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 30-AMPERE TRIP/ 2-POLE 220V CIRCUIT
BREAKER
 3.4.2 WATER HEATER LOADS - 2
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 5,000 WATT 230V HEATER 1-PHASE
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = POWER / VOLTAGE
• I = 5,000W / 23OV = 21.74 AMPERES

• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN

• = 21.74 AMPERES X 125% = 27.17 AMPERES
• USE A 30-AMPERE CIRCUIT
• WIRES: 2 – 3.5sq.mm THHN COPPER (30A AMPACITY)
+ 2.0 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 30-AMPERE TRIP/ 2-POLE 220V CIRCUIT
BREAKER
 WATER HEATER LOADS - 3
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 6,000 WATT 230V HEATER 1-PHASE
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = POWER / VOLTAGE
• I = 6,000W / 23OV = 26.08 AMPERES

• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN

• = 26.08 AMPERES X 125% = 32.60 AMPERES

• USE A MINIMUM OF 40-AMPERE CIRCUIT

• WIRES: 2 – 5.5sq.mm THHN COPPER (40A AMPACITY)
+ 3.5 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 40-AMPERE TRIP/ 2-POLE 220V CIRCUIT
BREAKER
 WATER HEATER LOADS - 4
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 7,500 WATT 230V HEATER 3-PHASE
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = POWER / VOLTAGE /1.732
• I = 7,500W / 23OV / 1.732 = 18.83 AMPERES

• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN

• = 18.83 AMPERES X 125% = 23.54 AMPERES

• USE A MINIMUM OF 30-AMPERE CIRCUIT

• WIRES: THREE – 3.5sq.mm THHN COPPER (30A AMPACITY)
+ 5.5 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 30-AMPERE TRIP/ 3-POLE 220V CIRCUIT
BREAKER
 WATER HEATER LOADS - 5
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 10,000 WATT 230V HEATER 3-PHASE
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = POWER / VOLTAGE /1.732
• I = 10,000W / 23OV / 1.732 = 25.10 AMPERES

• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN

• = 25.10 AMPERES X 125% = 31.37 AMPERES

• USE A MINIMUM OF 40-AMPERE CIRCUIT

• WIRES: THREE – 5.5sq.mm THHN COPPER (40A AMPACITY)
+ 8.0 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 40-AMPERE TRIP/ 3-POLE 220V CIRCUIT
BREAKER
 PUMP LOADS – DOMESTIC WATER
SUPPLY, SUMP PUMP - 1
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 1 HP 230V PUMP 1-PHASE AC MOTOR
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = POWER / VOLTAGE
• I = 1HP X 746 WATTS / 23OV /0.8PF / 0.9 EFF’Y = 4.5 AMPERES FULL
LOAD

• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN

• = 4.5 AMPERES + 25% X 4.5 = 5.62 AMPERES

• USE A MINIMUM OF 20-AMPERE CIRCUIT

• WIRES: 2 – 2.0sq.mm THHN COPPER (25A AMPACITY)
+ 2.0 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 15-AMPERE TRIP/ 2-POLE 240V CIRCUIT BREAKER
PLUS MAGNETIC STARTER W/ THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAY SET @
4.5 AMPERES
 PUMP LOADS – DOMESTIC WATER
SUPPLY, SUMP PUMP - 2
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 7.5 HP 230V PUMP 3-PHASE AC MOTOR
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = HP / VOLTAGE/ PF/ EFF’Y/ 1.732
• I = 7.5HP X 746 WATTS / 23OV /0.8PF / 0.9 EFF’Y/1.732 =
19.50AMPERES FULL LOAD
• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN
• = 19.50 AMPERES + 25% X 19.50 = 24.37 AMPERES

• USE A MINIMUM OF 30-AMPERE CIRCUIT

• WIRES: THREE – 3.5sq.mm THHN COPPER (30A AMPACITY)
+ 2.0 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 40-AMPERE TRIP/ 3-POLE 240V CIRCUIT BREAKER
PLUS MAGNETIC STARTER W/ THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAY SET @
19.5 AMPERES
 PUMP LOADS – DOMESTIC WATER
SUPPLY, SUMP PUMP - 3
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 10 HP 230V PUMP 3-PHASE AC MOTOR
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = HP / VOLTAGE/ PF/ EFF’Y/ 1.732
• I = 10HP X 746 WATTS / 23OV /0.8PF / 0.9 EFF’Y/1.732 =
26.0AMPERES FULL LOAD

• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN

• = 26.0 AMPERES + 25% X 26.0 = 32.5 AMPERES

• USE A MINIMUM OF 40-AMPERE CIRCUIT

• WIRES: THREE – 3.5sq.mm THHN COPPER (40A AMPACITY)
+ 2.0 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 50-AMPERE TRIP/ 3-POLE 240V CIRCUIT BREAKER
PLUS MAGNETIC STARTER W/ THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAY SET @
26.0 AMPERES
PUMP LOADS – DOMESTIC WATER
SUPPLY, SUMP PUMP - 4
• EXAMPLE: FOR A 20 HP 400V PUMP 3-PHASE AC MOTOR
• FOR THE LOAD CURRENT, I = HP / VOLTAGE/ PF/ EFF’Y/ 1.732
• I = 20HP X 746 WATTS / 400V /0.8PF / 0.9 EFF’Y/1.732 =
29.9AMPERES FULL LOAD

• FOR THE CIRCUIT HOMERUN

• = 29.9 AMPERES + 25% X 29.9 = 37.4 AMPERES

• USE A MINIMUM OF 40-AMPERE CIRCUIT WIRE

• WIRES: THREE – 5.5sq.mm THHN COPPER (40A AMPACITY)
+ 3.5 sq.mm GREEN GROUND WIRE
• PROTECTION: 50-AMPERE TRIP/ 3-POLE / 400V CIRCUIT
BREAKER PLUS MAGNETIC STARTER W/ THERMAL OVERLOAD
RELAY SET @ 30.0 AMPERES
FIRE PUMP & JOCKEY PUMP
 FIRE PUMP CIRCUIT SIZING
• ASSUME: 3HP MIN. PER FLOOR LEVEL
• EXAMPLE:
• FOR A 22 STOREY BUILDING,
• HP RATING OF FIRE PUMP
• = 22 FLOOR X 3HP/FLOOR = 66HP
• USE 75HP FIRE PUMP, @ 230V RATING,
• I = 75HP X 746W / 1.732/ 230V /0.8PF / 0.9 EFF’Y
• I = 195 AMPERES FULL LOAD
• Iw = 195 X 125% = 243.7 AMPS
• USE: THREE – 125mm2 THHN + 50mm2 GROUND in 65mm
dia. RSC or IMC (AMPACITY = 265 AMPS)
• PROTECTION: 600AT/600AF/3P 240V CIRCUIT BREAKER
 FIRE PUMP CIRCUIT SIZING
• EXAMPLE:
• FOR A 22 STOREY BUILDING,
• HP RATING OF FIRE PUMP
• = 22 FLOOR X 3HP/FLOOR = 66HP
• USE 75HP FIRE PUMP, @ 400V RATING,
• I = 75HP X 746W / 1.732/ 400V /0.8PF / 0.9 EFF’Y
• I = 112 AMPERES FULL LOAD
• Iw = 112 X 125% = 140 AMPS
• USE: THREE – 50mm2 THHN + 22mm2 GROUND in
50mm dia. RSC or IMC (AMPACITY = 150 AMPS)
• PROTECTION: 400AT/400AF/3P 400V CIRCUIT BREAKER
STAIRWELL PRESSURIZATION LOAD
• IN THE EXAMPLE, THE SELECTED HP RATING IS 15HP..
• THE FULL LOAD CURRENT FOR A 230V 3-PH SYSTEM IS,
• I = 15HP X 746 / 1.732/ 230V / 0.8PF/ 0.9 EFF’Y
• 39AMPERES
• Iw = 39 X 125% = 48.7 AMPS
• USE: THREE – 8.0mm2 THHN + 5.5mm2 GROUND in
25mm dia. RSC or IMC (AMPACITY = 55 AMPS)
• PROTECTION: 60AT/100AF/3P 240V CIRCUIT BREAKER
 ELEVATOR LOADS
• EXAMPLE, FOR A 25HP 3-PHASE 400 VOLTS 60HZ
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE (VFD) MOTOR, THE
FULL LOAD CURRENT IS,
• I = 25HP X 746 / 1.732/ 400V / 0.8PF/ 0.9 EFF’Y
• 37.4 AMPERES
• Iw = 37.4 X 125% = 46.7 AMPS
• USE: THREE – 8.0mm2 THHN + 5.5mm2 GROUND
in 25mm dia. RSC or IMC (AMPACITY = 55 AMPS)
• PROTECTION: 60AT/100AF/3P 400V CIRCUIT
BREAKER
LOAD SCHEDULES & DESIGN
COMPUTATIONS-1
LOAD SCHEDULES & DESIGN
COMPUTATIONS-2
TYP.POWER RISER DIAGRAM
 SIZING THE TRANSFORMER
• The total connected load is
• kVA = 1.732 x V x I / 1000
• = 1.732 x 220 volts x 365.72 amperes / 1000
• = 139.35 kVA total conn. load

• The Demand Load is

• Demand kVA = Total kVA Conn. Load x Demand Factor
• Assume a 40% Demand Factor
• Demand kVA = 139.35 kVA x 0.40 = 55.74 kVA
• Average kVA per phase = 55.74 / 3 = 18.58 kVA
• Use: Three 25 kVA 1-phase distribution transformers in
bank
 SIZING THE STANDBY POWER
• The total connected load is
• = 139.35 kVA total conn. load
• The calculated Demand Load is
• kVA = 55.74 kVA
• Assuming a 100% emergency power back up
• Genset kW = 55.74 x 0.80 pf = 44.6 kW demand
• Assuming a maximum loading of 70%
• The kW capacity of the generator = 44.6 / 0.70 = 63.7 kW
• Use: 75 kW 230 volts 3-phase 60 Hertz 1800 RPM diesel engine
generator set complete with accessories, i.e. starting battery,
fuel day tank, exhaust silencer, metering, manual or automatic
transfer switch, etc.
•
 SIZING THE SOLAR POWER
• Assume an available roof area of 30 mtrs by 20 mtrs, and about 205
of the area to be allotted for anchoring the panels and for
maintenance access,
• The number of 250 watts solar panels is,
• = 20 x 30 x 80% / 1.6m x 1.0m
• = 300 panels
• The Total kW capacity of the Solar Power Supply system is,
• = 300 panels x 250 watts / 1000
• = 75 kW maximum possible
• Use: 6 each 12kW grid tie inverters (to be connected 4 x 6kW
inverters per phase) 240 volts DC input, 220 volts AC 1-phase, pure
sine wave output.
• Note: Option to arrange a net metering agreement with the Utility
company. Any extra energy generated during day time will be
Typ. Grid Tie Solar Power System
TYP. FIRE DETECTION & ALARM SYSTEM (FDAS)
LAYOUT
 TYP. FIRE DETECTION & ALARM
SYSTEM (FDAS) RISER DIAGRAM-1
TYP. FIRE DETECTION & ALARM SYSTEM
(FDAS) RISER DIAGRAM-2
 TYP. GROUDING SYSTEM FOR
LOW/MID/HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
TYP. GROUNDING CONNECTION
DETAILS
TYP. GROUNDING CONNECTION
DETAILS
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
(EARLY STREAMER TYPE)
TYP. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
FOR TALL BUILDING

HV Insulated Cable
TYP.AUXILIARY- TELEPHONE, CABLE TV
& CCTV LAYOUT
TYP. AUXILIARY- TELEPHONE & CABLE
TV RISER DIAGRAMS-1
TYP. AUXILIARY- TELEPHONE & CABLE TV RISER
DIAGRAMS-2
 THANK YOU & GOD BLESS!
M A B U H A Y !