Solved Sample Paper Pakistan Studies BBA 1st

Q1 Write short answers to any two of the followings

Why the Muslims of Sub continent demanded a separate homeland for themselves?
.

Hindus and Muslims lived peacefully together in India for centuries, but after the British invasion in
South Asia and their support for Hindus made life very miserable for the Muslims.The Muslims
demanded a separate homeland on the following grounds.

1. Separate Islamic State: Islam is a complete code of life for the Muslims and they wanted to practice it
in their lives. Ideology of Islam cannot be fully maintained until a pure Islamic Society free from all other
unIslamic influences is established.
2. Two Nation Theory: The Two Nation Theory played an important role for demanding a separate
homeland according to which Hindus and Muslims are the two nations and therefore they cannot live
together. Quaid-e-Azam once said,Hindus and Muslims though living in the same towns and villages had
never been blended into one nation. They were always two separate entities.So the Muslims should
have a separate State where they could lead their individual and collective life in accordance with the
Islamic principles.
3. Historical Conspiracy: Hindu and Muslim historical conspiracy started when Muhammad Bin Qasim,
defeating Raja Dahir, founded Islamic government in the subcontinent. Many battles were fought
between Hindus and Muslims under Muslim Rule. The historical collusion continued also during the
British Regime. Hindus, cooperating with British, tried to weaken Muslim culture and their way of life
but they remained unsuccessful. The future of Muslims was clear in such condition; therefore they
decided to demand for the separate homeland.
4. Hindus and British: The British snatched power from Muslims, they were unsure about the
faithfulness of Muslims. So, Hindus and British joined hands to destroy the Muslims in every
field.Muslims were excluded from all official positions. The Islamic educational system was replaced
with British one. The Muslims were forced to change their religion to Christianity and were forced to
send their children to co educational institutes. This was the reason that Muslims became fed up with
both British and Hindus and decided to have a separate homeland.
5. British Parliamentary System: Indian National Congress demanded the British Parliamentary system
of government in India which meant majority rule. The implementation of this simply meant the Hindus
slavery of Muslims since they were in majority. This was the reason that Muslims wanted separate
electorates and got it accepted. This was a first step towards the demand of separate state.
6. Shuddi and Sangathan Movement: Hindu Muslim Unity faded in the year after the Khilafat
Movement. The differences between the two nations aggravated with the passage of time. This reached
to the peak when The Shuddhi Movement aimed at the conversion of certain backward groups of
Muslims into Hindus by force whereas the Sangathan sought to organize the Hindus into a Militant force
to flight with the Muslims.
7. Activities of Maha Sabha: Hindu Maha Sabha was a non political party until the Shuddhi and
Sangathan Movement started. These movements motivated Maha Sabha to get involved in politics. The
party declared Muslims as outsiders and said that Muslims have no relation with India. If they want to
leave it then they could leave it happily but if they want to live in India, they will have to accept Hindu.
8. Protection of Urdu Language: Urdu was considered to be the language of Muslims in the
subcontinent. In 1867, the Hindu-Urdu controversy began with some Hindus demanding replacements
of Urdu by Hindi as the court language. As the controversy spread, the two languages became more and
more exclusive. Muslims got very disappointed when in April 1900 UP Governor Sir Antony Mac Donnell
gave Hindi the status of National language with Urdu. That’s why Muslims felt the need to set a political
party. It is a major reasons for demanding a separate country.
9. Protection of Muslim Culture: Hindus, with the consent of British during the Congress Ministries,
tried to vanish Muslim culture. Muslim students were forced to worship statues of Gandhi in their
schools. The Muslims of India, therefore, decided that the Muslim culture could be protected in a free
and separate Muslim State.
10. Narrow mindedness of Hindus: Hindus did not believe the philosophy of equality. They considered
themselves superior and used to call Muslims ‘Maleech’ (impure).

11. Economic Hardships: During the period of British Government, Hindus practically threw out
Muslims from the fields of trade and industry. A few degraded jobs were left for the Muslims. Muslims
of India became the political slave of British and economic slave of Hindus. To come out from this
Muslims decided to demand for a separate homeland.

Conclusion
Due to bitter attitude of British and Congress the Muslims realized that they would lose their identity if
they remained a part of Hindu society. Therefore they quitted Congress and demanded separate land on
the ground that they were different nation from Hindus. According to Quaid-e-Azam,”The Muslims
demanded Pakistan so that they can live in accordance with their own system of life, their cultural
development, their traditions and Islamic rules.

B: OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION

Objectives Resolution is one of the most important documents in the constitutional history of
Pakistan. It was passed by the first Constituent Assembly on 12th March 1949 under the
leadership of Liaquat Ali Khan. It laid down the objectives on which the future constitution of the
country was to be based.It contained the basic principles of both Islamic political system and
Western Democracy. Its importance can be determined from the fact that it served as preamble
for allthe three constitutions and ultimately became the part of the Constitution when the Eighth
Amendment in the Constitution of 1973 was passed in 1985.
. Following were the main features of the Objectives Resolution:
Sovereignty of the entire Universe belongs to Allah alone
Authority should be delegated to the State to its people under the rules set by Allah
Constitution of Pakistan should be framed by the Constituent Assembly
State should exercise its powers through the chosen representatives
Principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as inshore by Islam
should be followed
Muslims shall live their lives according the teaching of Quran and Sunnah
Minorities can freely profess and practice their religion.
There should be Federal form of government with the maximum autonomy for the Units
Fundamental rights including equality of status, of opportunity and before law, social, economic
and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship and association,
subject to law and public morality should be given to all the citizens of the state.
It would be the duty of the state to safeguard the interests of minorities, backward and
depressed classes.
Independence of judiciary should be guaranteed
Integrity of the territory and sovereignty of the country was to be safeguarded
The people of Pakistan may prosper and attain their rightful and honored place amongst the
nations of the world and make their full contribution towards international peace and progress
and happiness of humanity.
Liaquat Ali Khan termed the passage of the Objectives Resolution as “the most important
occasion in the life of this country. He said that we as Muslim believe that authority vested in
Allah Almighty and it should be exercised in accordance with the standards laid down in Islam.
He further said that it is based on the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance, and
social justice and it says that these should be part of future constitution.
Despite of some opposing remarks from non muslim members, Objectives Resolution was
strongly supported by the Muslimmembers In order to counter the allegations they argued that
Islam governs not only our relations with God but also the activities of the believers in other
spheres of life as Islam is complete code of life.
After a great debate finally the resolution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on March
12, 1949. Liaquat Ali Khan assured the minorities that they will get all the fundamental rights in
Pakistan once the constitution based on the Objectives Resolution will be enforced.

C: Pakistan Saudi Arabia Relations:

Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have always enjoyed strong bilateral relations; in fact Saudi Arabia was one of
those first countries which recognized Pakistan after independence 1947. Whether it was wars of 1965,
1971 or sanctions after nuclear tests, Saudi Arabia came forward and helped Pakistan. The two countries
share religious ties and the two nations are leading members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Saudi’s have always considered Pakistan a second line of defence and were called up in times of
difficulty. It also supports Pakistan on the Kashmir issue.
Pakistan has maintained close military ties with Saudi Arabia, providing extensive training support for the
Saudi military. During the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War, Pakistan sent troops to protect Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia has provided extensive religious and educational aid to Pakistan. Arabia is the largest source
of petroleum supply for Pakistan. It also supplies extensive financial aid to Pakistan and remittance from
Pakistani migrants to Saudi Arabia is a major source of sustaining Pakistan’s foreign currency account.
The relationship with the Saudi Arabia represents the most important bilateral partnership in the foreign
policy of Pakistan. Relations between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia are historically close and extremely
friendly. Two countries have always sought to develop extensive commercial, cultural, religious, political,
and strategic ties.
During recent years, both countries have exchanged high-level delegations and developed plans to expand
bilateral cooperation in trade, education, real estate, tourism, information technology, communications
and agriculture. Saudi Arabia is facilitating the development of trade relations of Pakistan with the Gulf
Cooperation Council countries, with whom Pakistan is negotiating a free trade agreement. It has also been
clear for many years that Saudi Arabia has given generous financial assistance to Pakistan’s defence
sector, including its missile and nuclear labs.
Pakistani soldiers have been deployed in Saudi Army for over a period of time. In return the Saudi’s pay a
huge amount of money to the Pakistani soldiers and the government.
Saudi Arabia provided $1.5 billion to Pakistan as a gift. Moreover, Saudi’s have limited the pay back for
Pakistan government in terms of finance but also provide food and other benefits to be sent to Pakistan.
More than 1million ton food is sent to Islamabad from Saudi.
Political leadership of both countries since 1947 are in close relationship with each other and is growing
with passage of time.

D: Canal Water Dispute:

The Indus basin water dispute had its basis in the partition of Punjab. It occurred on April 1,
1948, when East Punjab in India discontinued the flow of cannel waters to West Punjab that
became a huge threat of dearth and loss of crops in West Punjab. West Punjab is a productive
land but a hot and dry climate. There is insufficient rainfall and unreliable. The main resource of
Pakistan’s economy is based on agriculture which is dependent upon irrigation by canals
delivered from the Indus River and its five tributaries. The three western rivers the Indus, the
Jhelum and the Chenab enter into Pakistan from the state of Jammu and Kashmir and three
Eastern rivers the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej flow into Pakistan from India. In fact, Indus river
system is source of life in West Punjab that provides water for more than 26 million acres.
Pakistan’s agriculture is dependent upon these waters. On the other hand, India has a lot of
rivers system which fall into sea without any hindrance and rainfall is also enough to support
agriculture without irrigation.

Partition changed the whole structure of subcontinent and created a number of problems and
issues over the water of Indus Basin. In 1947, Pakistan came into being and province of Punjab
was divided into two parts between India and Pakistan. The immediate result of partition was
the Indus Basin division and conflict arose between both countries. Moreover, the head works at
Madhupur on Ravi and at Ferozpur on the Sutlej were in India but many of the canals taken off
from them were irrigating the agricultural land of the Punjab. Pakistan felt that it was extremely
dangerous for its economy because India can stop water at any time, and its agriculture can be
affected.
 After India took control of the head works and it stopped water from flowing in every canal
entering Pakistan. A delegation was send to New Delhi for negotiation on water dispute by
Pakistan. A new agreement was signed called the Delhi agreement on May 4, 1948. According
to that agreement East and West Punjab recognized their requirement to solve the problem
through support and alliance. World Bank was involved and a treaty was signed on Sep 19,
1960 known as Indus Basin Water Treaty. Pakistan was represented by president Ayub khan
while Prime Minister Pundit Jawahir Lal Nehru represented India. According to that agreement
Pakistan received exclusive rights of the three western rivers the Jhelum, the Chenab and the
Indus while India got three eastern rivers the Beas, the Sutlej and the Ravi. This treaty
considered as “well worked out” treaty and the both countries interpreted it in a different way.

To conclude, water dispute was part of Indian ill wishes to make Pakistan a weaker nation from
its basis water dispute was part of the same planning. Through this treaty, Pakistan overcame
its problems of irrigation to a large extent.