1

Prepared by: Ali Murat Kayıran

Room: A-209 Phone: 5266
E-mail: mkayiran@metu.edu.tr Date:29/12/2008

ME 307 – MACHINE ELEMENTS I

TUTORIAL 11
““DESIGN OF DETACHABLE JOINTS”

PROBLEM 1: The marble cutting machine is used to cut huge marble

blocks into slices. While the case moves downwards via the four power
screw mechanism, cutting action occurs by the longitudinal motion of
cutting blades driven by the slider-crank mechanism. For more details see
Fall 2008 -Project. Figure 1: Marble cutting machine

The power screw mechanism used to raise and lower the case is operated T
by an electric motor placed over the frame and each screw is guided from Frame
its bottom tip by a thrust ball bearing as shown in figure 2. The screw has
single square threads with 30 mm major diameter and 3 mm pitch. The p
friction coefficients are 0.25 for the threads and 0.05 for the thrust bearing.
Knowing that the load exerted on each power screw during lifting is 3000
kg,
Case
20 mm
determine;
a) The required torque, T to raise the case and overall efficiency
b) Power input from the motor for each power screw rotating at 2rps
assuming the torque is transmitted without any loss
c) The maximum shear stress in the body of the screw and its location
d) The average and the maximum bearing pressure on the threads Colar
Thrust bearing
e) Indicate whether the screw is self locking or not.
(For thrust bearing: dinner-ring= 20mm, douter-ring= 80mm)
Tc

Figure 2: Power screw

METU-ME 307 Machine Elements 1-Fall 2008

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SOLUTION: F .d m ⎛ l + π . f .d m ⎞ dc
T = TR + Tc = ⎜ ⎟ + F ⋅ fc ⋅
a) d : major diameter
2 ⎝ π .d m − f .l ⎠ 2
dm : mean diameter d o − ring + di − ring 20 + 80
where, d c = = = 50mm
dr : minor diameter 2 2
l : lead 30000 N .0, 0225m ⎛ 0, 003m + π .0, 25.0, 0225m ⎞ 0.05m
= ⎜ ⎟ + 30000 N ⋅ 0.05 ⋅
p : pitch 2 ⎝ π .0, 0225m − 0, 25.0, 003m ⎠ 2
= 99, 7 N .m( screw torque) + 37,5 N .m(collar torque),
p/2
= 137, 2 N .m (required torque)
The overall efficiency in raising the load is
p/2 F ⋅l 30000 N ⋅ 0, 003mm
e= = = 0,14
2 ⋅ π ⋅ TR 2 ⋅ π ⋅ 99, 7 Nm

p
b) P=T.w

φd P= 137.2Nm * (2 rev/s* 2 π rad/rev) = 1,7 kW

φdr
Figure 3. Square thread
c) Screw between sections A-A and B-B is subjected to only motor torque so
The minor diameter is d r = d − p = 24 − 3 = 21mm body is subjected to shear stress. There is no other load on this part of the
screw.
The mean diameter is d m = d − p = 24 − 3 = 22,5mm
2 2
Since the screw is single threaded, lead is equal to pitch; l = p = 3 mm Between sections C-C and D-D compressive stress (due to compressive load)
and shear stress (due to collar torque) are developed on the screw.

The torque, T required to raise 3000 kg mass is the sum of thread friction
torque, TR and collar friction torque, Tc ;

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T
Between section C-C and D-D
A A Shear Stress, τ :
p p
The body of the screw below section C-C is subjected to torque, Tc.

B B
dr dr
T× T× 37,5 Nm × 21mm
C C τ= 2 = 2 = 2
1 1
J × π × ( 21mm )
4
× π × dr 4
32 32
τ = 20.6MPa

Compressive Stress, σ c :
F F 30000 N
D D σc = = = = 86.6 MPa
Ascrew π × d r π × ( 21mm )
2 2

Tc 4 4

Figure 4. Sections on power screw

Therefore, the maximum shear stress for the stress element between sections
C-C and D-D is,
Between section A-A and B-B

( σ2 ) + (τ )
2 2
Shear Stress, τ : τ max =

( 86.62 ) + ( 20.6 ) = 47.9MPa

2 2
Body of the screw above the section B-B is subjected to motor torque, T. τ max =

dr dr d) Assuming that each thread at the nut carries equal load; then average
T× T× 137, 2 Nm × 21mm
τ= 2 = 2 = 2 bearing pressure Pb is;
1 1
J × π × ( 21mm )
4
× π × dr 4 W
32 32 Pb = where Ab is the bearing area and it is equal to;
Ab
τ = 75.4MPa

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Ab = π × d m × nt × p where nt is the number of thread in the nut

2 Comments:

nut length 20mm • If the frame applies horizontal reaction force to the upper guide of the
and it is equal to; nt = = = 6.67
pitch 3mm power screw, bending moment will mostly effect section B-B.
p • In order to decrease collar friction torque, thrust ball bearing is used.
and the thread height is Balls are in contact with bearing rings. Friction force is found by
2
multiplying normal force and coefficient of friction between balls
Therefore; and bearing rings. It is assumed that the friction force is concentrated
at the mean bearing diameter. Therefore, dc is taken as (do-ring+di-
Ab = π × 22.5mm × 6.67 × 3mm = 706.8mm 2 ring)/2.
2
• If thrust bearing becomes malfunction and does not rotate, collar
30000 N rotates on bearing and friction coefficient increases. Again dc can be
Pb = = 42.4MPa taken as mean collar diameter.
706.8mm 2
• For large collars, the friction torque should be computed in a manner
However, according to some experiments , first engaged thread carries similar to that employed for disk clutches.
0.38 of the load, the second 0.25, the third 0.18 and the seventh is free of
load, therefore maximum bearing pressure occurs at the first engaged
thread and is equal to (Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design,8th);

W m× g 30000 N
Pb = 0.38 × = 0.38 × = = 107.5MPa
Ab π ×d × p π × 22.5mm × 3mm 2
m 2

e) Self-locking condition is obtained for square threads when

⎛ l ⎞
f > tan λ where λ = tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ In this problem dm=22,5mm,
⎝ π .d m ⎠
⎛ 3 ⎞
l=3mm, 0,25 > ⎜ ⎟ = 0.04 , therefore the screw is self-
⎝ π .22,5 ⎠
locking.

METU-ME 307 Machine Elements 1-Fall 2008


PROBLEM 2: A vertically loaded bracket attached to a wall by three
M10x1.5, 5.8 class bolts. A 10 kN force, P, is applied eccentrically as
shown in figure 1. Each bolt is preloaded to force Fi which is,
Fi = 0.75 At S p where At is the tensile stress area and S p is the proof
strength. Assume stiffness of the bolt, kb is the half of the stiffness of the
member km . Determine the bolt on which the maximum stresses occur and
find the safety factor according to maximum normal stress theory.
5
load on the bracket-wall plane; and shear stress due to torsion of force on the
wall-bracket interface plane.
Tensile stress on bolts:
The load P will tend to rotate the bracket about the edge AA as shown in the
figure1. The elongation and hence the stress in a bolt will be proportional to
its distance from turning edge AA (assuming a rigid bracket). This is shown
in figure2.

2/3 P

1/3 P

Figure 2. Tensile forces on bolts

Therefore;
F1 60
=
F2 240
where F2 is the tensile force on the upper bolts and F1 is the tensile load on
the lower bolt.

⇒ 4F1 = F2
Moment of force P about edge AA, M;
Figure 1. Bracket attached to fixed member by bolts
M = P × 200mm = (10kN )(200mm) = 2kNm
SOLUTION:
Also;
When the force P, is applied as shown, there will be tensile stress on bolts M = F1 (60mm) + 2 F2 (240mm) = 2kNm
due to moment of force, P about edge A; shear stress due to vertical shear
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Insert, 4 F1 = F2 into M = F1 (60mm) + 2 F2 (240mm) = 2kNm . Torsional (Secondary) Shear Stress on Bolts
Therefore;
When the force, P is applied eccentrically as shown in figure 1, there will be
F1 = 1010 N torsion which rotates the bracket about its centeroid as shown in figure 3.
This torsion creates secondary shear stress on the bolts at the wall-bracket
F2 = 4040 N interface.
Since, F2 > F1 , maximum stress will be on the upper bolts. Centeroid of the bolts is found by,

Total tensile load on the upper bolts is,

n
Ai ⋅ xi 58 ⋅ 0 + 58 ⋅180 + 58 ⋅180
y=∑ = = 120mm (120mm above the
kb Ai 58 + 58 + 58
F2t = F2 + Fi = 1 F2 + 0.75S p At 1

k +k 3 lower bolt)
b m
Note that, since identical bolts are used, their cross-sectional areas are the
From table 8-1 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design,8th; same.
At = 58.0mm 2 and
Torque of force, P about its center of gravity is;
From table 8-11 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design,8th; T = P(75mm) = (10kN )( 75mm ) = 750 Nm
S p = 380MPa
This torque is resisted by three bolts. The distance from bolts to centeroid is
not the same for all bolts; therefore, secondary shear forces due to torque, T
Then;
on them are also not equal. The relation between secondary shear forces are
F2t = 17.8kN
Therefore, tensile stress on the upper bolts is; VT 2 VT 1 r ⋅V
F 17.8kN = ⇒ VT 2 = 2 T 1
σ = 2t = = 306MPa r2 r1 r1
At 58.0mm 2
Therefore, shear forces on the bolts due to torque T are;
Direct Shear (Primary) Stress on Bolts r ⋅V 2 ⋅ 96
VT 1 ⋅ r1 + 2VT 2 ⋅ r2 = VT 1 ⋅ r1 + 2 2 T 1 ⋅ r2 = VT 1 (120 + ⋅ 96) = 750 Nm
r1 120
If it is assumed that friction at the bracket-wall interface is negligible and
direct shear force is carried by the bolts equally then average shear stress r2 = (60mm) 2 + (75mm) 2 = 96mm
on each bolt will be; where,
r1 = 120mm
F 10kN
τ= 3= 3 = 57.4MPa ⇒ VT 1 = 2740 N , VT 2 = 2192 N
At 58.0mm2 Directions of these forces are shown in figure 3.

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Note that, the bolt farthest from the centroid takes the highest load, while
the nearest one takes the smallest load. Therefore, maximum shear stress is; (from cosine’s law)
y τ max = τ 2 + τ T2 + 2 (τ )(τ T ) cos θ
VT2 75
where cos θ = = 0.78
60 + 752
2

V
r2
V3 r2
V3 θ VT2 ⇒ τ max = 57.42 + 37.82 + 2 ( 57.4 )( 37.8 )( 0.78 )
G T
180 τ max = 90.0MPa
y r1
x Principal Stresses
VT2
V3 The maximum tensile stress was found on the upper bolts and the larger of
shear stresses is found on the upper right bolt, thus maximum stress occurs
on the upper right bolt in figure 3.
Figure 3: Shear forces on the bracket
Stress state on the bolt is plane stress, and then the principal stresses are;
2
Then, secondary shear stress due to torsion on the upper bolts can be found σx +σy ⎛σx −σy ⎞
as; σ 1,2 = ± ⎜ ⎟ + τ xy
2

2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
2
VT 2 2192 N 306 ⎛ 306 ⎞
τT = = = 37.8MPa σ 1,2 = ± ⎜ ⎟ + 90.0
2
At 58mm 2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
Secondary shear force on the lower bolt is higher, however upper bolts are σ 1,2 = 153 ± 177
considered as critical, since on the upper bolts normal stresses are much
higher than those on the lower bolt. σ 1 = 330MPa
σ 2 = −24MPa
Maximum Shear Stress Sy 420
According to maximum normal stress theory, n = = = 1.27
Resultant shear stress on bolts can be found by adding primary shear stress σ max 330
due to direct shear force and secondary shear stress due to torsion of force
P. As can be seen from figure 3, the larger shear stress on the upper bolts From table 8-11 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design,8th;
is on the right one. S y = 420 MPa

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PROBLEM 3: The figure shows a rectangular aluminum bracket which is SOLUTION:
to be fastened to a steel base by means of four M16x2, 5.8 property class a) From table 8.1 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design, 8th properties
bolts. Each bolt is preloaded to 10kN. If bearing block carries a vertical of M-16 type bolt can be found:
load of 10 kN, determine,
Tensile stress area, At = 157 mm 2
a) the joint constant C.
b) the factor of safety during tightening
162 ⋅ π
c) the factor of safety during loading Major diameter area of bolt, Ad = = 201.0mm 2
4
Given Data
Esteel = 207GPa, Eallumium = 71GPa, Ebolt = 210GPa , K=0.15 From table 8-7 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design,8th;
Effective grip length of bolt for t2 ≥ d where t2 is the threaded hole depth of
the steel member,
30 40
l ' = h + d / 2 = 10mm + 16 / 2mm = 18mm

the spring rates of the threaded and unthreaded portions of the bolts in the
20
clamped zone are, respectively,
A 10 A A
At E AE
kt = and kd = d
lt ld
P P
where, lt = l ' − ld :length of useful threaded portion

ld = L − LT : length of useful unthreaded portion

201mm 2 ⋅ 210, 000 MPa

kd = = 4220 MN / m
140 (30 − 20)mm

Figure 1. Bracket attached to fixed member by bolts 157 mm 2 ⋅ 210, 000 MPa
kt = = 4120 MN / m
(18 − 10)mm

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The stiffness constant of the bolt is equivalent to the stiffness of two Since the members do not have an identical thickness, three regions
springs connected in series,
(frustum’s) need to considered to calculate the overall member stiffness.
1 1 1 1 1
= + = + ⇒ kb = 2084 MN / m These three frustums are shown in the figure 2.
kb kt kd 4120 4220

0.5774π Ed
Estimated stiffness of the members, km can be found by; k= for each frustum (for alpha
(1.155t + D − d )( D + d )
1 1 1 ln
= + (1.155t + D + d )( D − d )
km kallum k steel =30degree)
From equation 8.22 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design,8th;
Upper frustum
Note that in this problem the two members are made of different materials.
The thickness of the member in the upper frustum is found as
D2 ( l − t ) = (18 − 10) = 8 mm
'
1

D1
The modulus of elasticity of the member material in the upper frustum
steel
t1=8 (steel), E = 207 GPa
l’/2=9
Upper frustum The dimension, D , for the lower frustum can be written as D1 = 1.5d w

Central frustum Then, D1 = 1.5 ⋅16 = 24 mm

l’/2=9 Lower frustum

t2=10 aluminium Therefore, the stiffness of the member in the upper frustum is given as

0.577 × π × 207000 MPa ×16mm

k1 = = 10750 ×106 N/m
⎛ (1.15 × 8 + 24 − 16)mm ⋅ (24 + 16)mm ⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟
Figure 2. Compression of members represented by a frustum of a ⎝ (1.15 × 8 + 24 + 16)mm ⋅ (24 − 16)mm ⎠
cone.

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Central frustum Then, D3 = 1.5 ×16 = 24 mm

The thickness of the member in the central frustum is found as

l' 18 Therefore, the stiffness of the member in the lower frustum is given as
t2 − = 10 − = 1 mm
2 2 0.577 × π × 71000MPa ×16mm
k3 = = 3431×106 N/m
⎛ (1.15 × 9 + 24 − 16)mm ⋅ (24 + 16)mm ⎞
The modulus of elasticity of the member material in the central frustum ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ (1.15 × 9 + 24 + 16)mm ⋅ (24 − 16)mm ⎠
(aluminum), E = 71 GPa
The dimension, D , for the central frustum can be written as
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
D2 = d w + 2(9 tan 30°) = + + = + +
km k1 k2 k3 10, 7 ⋅10 N / m 26,3 ⋅10 N / m 3, 4 ⋅109 N / m
9 9

Then, D2 = 16 + 2(9 tan 30°) = 26.4 mm ⇒ km = 2350 MN / m

k 2980 MN / m
Joint constant is C = b = = 0.55
Therefore, the stiffness of the member in the central frustum is given as k +k
b m 2980 MN / m + 2350 MN / m
0.577 × π × 71000 MPa ×16mm b) Preload on joint is 10 kN. S y is the yield strength which can be found as
k2 = = 26360 ×106 N/m
⎛ (1.15 × 1 + 26.4 − 16)mm ⋅ (26.4 + 16)mm ⎞ 420 MPa from table 8.11 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design, 8th.
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ (1.15 × 1 + 26.4 + 16)mm ⋅ (26.4 − 16)mm ⎠
Initial tensile stress on the bolt is;

Fi 10kN
σi = = = 63.7 MPa
Lower frustum At 157 mm 2

The thickness of the member in the lower frustum is given as t1 = 9 mm
The modulus of elasticity of the member material in the lower frustum
(aluminum), E = 71 GPa
The dimension, D , for the lower frustum can be written as D3 = d w = 1.5d
Torque applied during tightening can be found by using the following
formula;
T = KFi d
where K is the torque coefficient given as 0.15 and d is the major bolt
diameter. When torque coefficient, K, is not specified, can be found by using
table 8.15 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design, 8th.

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⇒ T = ( 0.15 )(10kN )(16mm ) = 24 Nm Sy
σ1 − σ 2 <
Shear stress due to tightening torque is; n
420 MPa
Tr 86 MPa + 22 MPa =
τ= n
J ⇒ n = 3.88
π dr 4
where r=dr/2 is the minor radius of the bolt and J = is the polar c) From table 8-11 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design,8th;
32
second moment of area . S p = 380 MPa
d2
Since At = π t = 157 mm 2 → dt = 14.13mm Tensile stress on bolts:
4
The load P will tend to rotate the bracket about the edge AA. The elongation
( 24 Nm ) ⎛⎜
d 14.13mm ⎞
T ⎟ and hence the stress in a bolt will be proportional to its distance from turning
τ = 24 = ⎝ 2 ⎠ = 43.3MPa edge AA. This is shown in figure2.
π dt π (14.13mm )
4

32 32
Since stresses on bolt are the plane stresses, principal stresses are;
30 40
2
σx +σ y ⎛ σ −σ y ⎞
σ 1,2 = ± ⎜ x ⎟ + τ xy
2

2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ A 1.4kN.m
2
63.7 MPa ⎛ 63.7 MPa ⎞ 2F1
⎟ + ( 43.3MPa )
2
σ 1,2 = ± ⎜
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
σ 1,2 = 32 MPa ± 54 Mpa 2F2
Figure 3. Tensile forces on bolts

σ 1 = 86MPa Therefore;
σ 2 = −22MPa 2 F1 30
=
2 F2 70
Since, σ 1 > 0 > σ 2 where F2 is the tensile force on the bolts at the right hand-side of figure 3
and F1 is the tensile load on the left hand-side.
By using maximum shear stress theory, safety factor can be found;

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3 PROBLEM 4: Figure below presents a model of two steel machine parts
⇒ F1 = F2 clamped together with a single M12 ISO 9.8 bolt subjected to a separating
7
Moment of force P about edge AA, M; force that fluctuates continuously between 0 and 50 kN. If the joint constant,
C=0.3 for condition of no member separation, determine,
M = P ×140mm = (10kN )(140mm) = 1.4kN ⋅ m
Also; a) the factor of safety against fatigue failure for the bolt when no initial
force is present
M = 2 F1 (30mm) + 2 F2 (70mm) = 1.4kN ⋅ m
b) the minimum required value of preload to prevent a loss of
3 6 compression in the part
Insert, F1 = F2 into M = F2 (30mm) + 2 F2 (70mm) = 1.4kNm
7 7 c) the factor of safety against fatigue failure for the bolt when Fi =40 kN
d) the minimum force in the members for the given loading and Fi = 40
Therefore; kN.

F1 = 3620 N = 3.6kN P
F2 = 8448 N = 8.4kN

Since, F2 > F1 , maximum tensile stress will be on the right bolts.

Total tensile load on the right bolts is,

CP Fi
σb = +
At At
σ b can be maximum S p (proof strength) with the safety factor (load factor)
n.

CnP Fi
Sp = +
At At
Therefore safety factor is; P

S p At − Fi ( 380MPa ) (157mm2 ) ⋅10−3 − 10kN

n= = = 8.2
CP ⎛ 10kN ⎞
0.55 ⎜ + 8.4kN ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
METU-ME 307 Machine Elements 1-Fall 2008
 13
th
a) When no initial force is present (Fi=0) members separate from each From table 8.17 in Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design,8 ; fully
other and all external load is carried by bolts and all external tensile load is corrected endurance limit, Se=129 MPa. Sut=830 MPa.
carried by bolts so C=1.
Maximum force on the bolt: Fmax = (C ⋅ Pmax + Fi ) = Pmax + 0 For Goodman fatigue criteria
Minimum force on the bolt: Fmin = (C ⋅ Pmin + Fi ) = 0
Sa Sm
+ =1
Fmax − Fmin Pmax Se Sut
Alternating bolt stress: σ a = =
2 At 2 At
Sm = Sa + σ i
50kN
σa = = 44.5MPa
2 ( 561mm 2 ) Sa Sm
After simultaneous solution of S m = S a + σ i & + =1
Se Sut
Fmax + Fmin Pmax
Mean stress on bolt: σ m = = Se ( Sut − σ i )
2 At 2 At Sa =
Sut + Se
50kN
σm = = 44.5MPa 129 MPa(830 MPa − 0)
2 ( 561mm 2 ) Sa =
( 830 + 129 ) MPa
S a = 111.6 MPa
σa

1 Sa 111.6 MPa
Se load line Factor of safety against fatigue failure: n f = = = 2.5
σ a 44.5MPa
1 b) The preload on the bolt clamp the members and stretches the bolt. When
Sa external load is applied to the joint, bolts stretches more and the compressive
stress between members decreases. When the external load taken by
σa members equals to preload, members start to separate from each other and
compressive stress between members becomes zero. After separation begins,
σm external load is not taken by members and all the external load is carried by
Sult the bolts.
σm Sm
Therefore, the load on the members, Fm is zero,
Figure 1. For Goodman fatigue criteria without initial loading

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 14
Fm = (1 − C ) ⋅ Pmax − Fi = (1 − 0.3) ⋅ 50kN − Fi = 0 For Goodman fatigue criteria
⇒ Fi = 35kN
Sa Sm
+ =1
Se Sut
c) When the initial force, 40 kN is present,

The maximum force on the bolt: Sm = Sa + σ i

Fmax = (C ⋅ Pmax + Fi ) = 0.3 ⋅ 50kN + 40kN = 55kN Sa Sm
After simultaneous solution of S m = S a + σ i & + =1
Se Sut
Minimum force on the bolt: Fmin = (C ⋅ Pmin + Fi ) = 0 + 40kN = 40kN Se ( Sut − σ i )
Sa =
Sut + Se
Fmax − Fmin 15kN
Alternating bolt stress: σ a = = = 13.3MPa 129 MPa(830 MPa −
40kN
)
2 At 2 ⋅ 561mm 2 561mm 2
Sa =
( 830 + 129 ) MPa
Fmax + Fmin 95kN
Mean stress on bolt: σ m = = = 84.6 MPa S a = 111.6 MPa
2 At 2 ⋅ 561
Sa 111.6 MPa
Factor of safety against fatigue failure: n f = = = 8.4
σa σ a 13.3MPa
It should be noted that the use of preload or initial tension has changed the
1 situation to the extent that the bolt now has a higher factor of safety.
Se load line
1 The use of sufficient initial tension is very advantageous in reducing the
fatigue effects in the bolt if load P is not steady but fluctuating. The effect of
Sa
initial loading is to give a much smaller range of variation in the bolt force
σa Fb and the fatigue effects which depend largely on the variation of the stress,
are correspondingly reduced.
σm
σi σm S m Sult d) Fi is the preload which causes compression in the members. Clamping
force on the members decrease as the external tensile load on the bolt
Figure 2. For Goodman fatigue criteria with initial loading increases Therefore, at maximum external tensile load, 50kN, members will
be subjected to the minimum clamping force.

METU-ME 307 Machine Elements 1-Fall 2008

 15
Fm ,min = (1 − C ) ⋅ Pmax − Fi = (1 − 0.3) ⋅ 50kN − 40kN = −5kN PROBLEM 5: For a special
application, a square key is used where
the transmitted torque is 450N.m and
Negative sign shows compression exists in the members and if Fm
safety factor is 2,8. If the key material
becomes positive, the members separate from each other so all load is
has a yield strength of 140 MPa and
carried by bolts.
the yield strength in shear 65MPa;

a) Determine the dimensions of

the key where its length is 65
mm.
b) Determine the dimensions for
the round key which has a
length of 65 mm.

SOLUTION:
a) Considering the shear stress;
T / ( D / 2) S sy 2 ⋅T ⋅ n 2 ⋅ 450 ⋅103 N .mm ⋅ 2,8
τ= = ⇒ t1 = = ⇒ t1 = 8,52mm
t1 ⋅ l n l ⋅ D ⋅ S sy 65mm ⋅ 70mm ⋅ 65 mmN 2

Considering the bearing stress;

T / ( D / 2) S y 4 ⋅T ⋅ n 4 ⋅ 450 ⋅103 N .mm ⋅ 2,8
σc = = ⇒ t2 = = = 7,91mm
(h / 2) ⋅ l n l ⋅ D ⋅ S y 65mm ⋅ 70mm ⋅140 mmN 2
(Courtesy of SPS Technologies, Aerospace Fasteners Group) Use a 9x9 mm square key.

b) Using the same approach

T / ( D / 2) S sy 2 ⋅ T ⋅ n 2 ⋅ 450 ⋅103 N .mm ⋅ 2,8
τ= = ⇒ d1 = = ⇒ t1 = 8,52mm
l ⋅d n l ⋅ D ⋅ S sy 65mm ⋅ 70mm ⋅ 65 mmN 2

T / ( D / 2) S y 4 ⋅ T ⋅ n 4 ⋅ 450 ⋅103 N .mm ⋅ 2,8

σc = = ⇒ d2 = = = 7,91mm
l ⋅ ( d / 2) n l ⋅ D ⋅ S y 65mm.70mm.140 mmN 2
Choosing the bigger diameter use 9 mm round key. Results of part a and b
are the same because the projected shear areas are same(t.l and d.l)
METU-ME 307 Machine Elements 1-Fall 2008