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The french word Recherché means travel through or to survey. This is where "research" was derived from.
UNESCO (1962) defined it as the orderly investigation of a subject matter for the primary purpose of adding
to knowledge.
According to Kerlinger (1973), Research is a systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of
hypothetical prepositions about the presumed relations among the natural phenomena.
According to Rekha Koul (2008), the nature of educational research is analogous to the nature of research
itself which is "careful, systematic, reliable and valid method of investigating knowledge and solving
problems" (Weirsma, 1991)
Leedy (1947) defines research as the systematic process of collecting information (data) in order to increase
our understanding of phenomenon with which we are concerned or interested. According to him, research is
an activity or process through which we attempt to systematically and with the support of data, give an answer
to a question, the resolution of a problem, or a greater understanding of a phenomenon. This process is called
Research Method.
Why do Research?
The writing process will make you confident in your ability to find information and present it effectively
in varied ways. It may be on:
A theme in freshman English on the value of good speaking
A paper in history on the Presidents of the Philippines
A report in a physics’ class on the moon’s effects on ocean tides
An archaeological field paper on the burial practices of the early Filipinos
All those papers require some type of research writing. You will undertake such written activity during
your senior high school and will increase in frequency as you enter college.
Research is a great way to network and meet new people. Undergraduate research allows you to grow and
uncover opportunities for later career. Undergraduate research is conducted in all disciplines and encompasses a
broad range of activities – from learning about research to discovering new knowledge and creating new words.
Research is about solving problems and answering questions in all disciplines.
Class-based activities – such as naturalistic observation, surveys and experiments can often be structured
to train students in the steps of the research process.
Class-based projects – like term papers, service learning and community-based and campus-based learning
can be of a research nature.
Capstone experiences – like senior research projects and research tasks/assignments can allow students to
develop and explore a research question of their own.
Out-of-the-class/faculty collaborative researches – provide students opportunity to work with faculty
members on their own on-going research or on a project jointy planned or designed by both.
(serv.carleton.edu/introgeo/studentresearch/Further-UR-experience.html)
The old saying, “Give me a fish and I eat today. Teach me how to fish and I will eat for a lifetime” can be
applied to research training, to start with in the senior high school/undergraduate level up to the tertiary level.
This quotation refers to students need to learn application skills. This means they have to engage personally in
what they are doing. It also means learner’s motivation and hard work.
When you embark in research, you will need learning experiences composed of a knowledge component
described as the representation of facts, principles, concepts, procedures and/or theories in a certain subject,
characterized by learning, remembering and/or reproducing and a task performance or skills development
component. (nsuworks.nova.edu/tqu/vol7/iss2/3/).
If you desire to become competent researchers, you need to gain an understanding of the various stages of
the research process. Doing research is anchored on an experiential learning approach where you will fuse and
build principles with real-life experiences. In an undergraduate research, experience rather than solely imparting
facts about a topic to students is given attention. The faculty help students learn through a process of discovery.
Our everyday life has always been punctuated by exciting adventures, challenging situations and
surprising discoveries. When confronted with doubts and problems, you turn to finding out what could be possible
answers and solutions to them. This is where you embark on the process called research. What is its importance?
Research leads an expansion of knowledge and discoveries. Research effects have led to breakthrough.
Projections about future events like global warming have also been determined thru research. Research is a
systematic process of collecting and analyzing data or information in order to increase understanding of a
phenomenon. Other definitions given to research are:
It is an inquiry process.
It is a formal process of problem solving.
It is a set of procedures and stages.
It originates with a question or a problem.
Often it is an iterative process.
The continued existence and importance of research which will last as long as there is a human being who
wishes to expand his knowledge and understanding about the world and everything therein. Research is an act of
studying something carefully and extensively in order to have a deep knowledge.
Significance of Research
Research is undertaken because of some importance it has and does for individuals and the society.
Reasons for its significance are given as follows: (these are some of the significance lang kasi kung ilagay ko
lahat mahaba na masyado, diba nga sa IBL, there are many right answers, so pag sa exam, kahit wala sa listed
below yung answer basta significance parin sya, tama parin yun)
6. To understand arts
Research helps us in understanding the works of artists in different field of arts. Arts contribute to
the refinement of our sensibilities and cultivate values needed for our daily existence.
Research leads to an expansion of knowledge and discoveries of new medical treatment and cures.
Research efforts have also led to break through in agriculture such as the introduction of high-yield and drought-
resistant varieties. Projections of the effects of global warming have likewise been determined through research.
Through research findings, psychologists are able to explain the individual’s behaviors including how people
think and act in certain ways. This helps to determine disorders and their impact on the person and society which
can lead to developing or discovering appropriate treatments to improve the individual’s quality of life. In
business, market research enables companies to make forecasts and formulate the needed strategies to ensure their
growth and survival. Business properties conduct surveys and feasibility studies to find out the needs of the
community. Business properties conduct surveys and feasibility studies to find out the needs of the community.
In academic institutions, research may be done independently or as part of a group. It can be a useful learning
process, challenging students and teachers to work together. And grow intellectually as they conduct their study.
Research benefits therefore, can be seen and felt in the following fields:
Economic research refers to matters concerning the environment, and which may lead to improved
techniques to ensure sustainable food production.
Social research leads to an increased knowledge of people and their interactions with one another, which
could be relevant to policy makers.
Environmental research focuses on improved techniques to ensure sustainable food production.
Cultural research leads to increased understanding of cultural values or social approaches.
Health research contributes to a better understanding of the causes of medical conditions.
In general, research is an important aspect of any organization. In-house research can be done in the
different sectors of the organization.
Characteristics of Research
Following the major definition of research as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes
collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts, strict adherence to ethical standards in planning and
conducting in both qualitative and quantitative research is most important.
The following are the major characteristics of research:
1. Empirical – Research is based on observations and experimentation of theories. It takes into account the
direct experiences that fuse the researcher’s speculation with reality. Most researches are based on real-
life situations.
2. Systematic – Research follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and
principles.
3. Controlled – In research, all variables, except those that are being tested/experimented on, are kept
constant.
4. Employs hypothesis – The hypothesis guides the investigation process. Research refers to a search for
facts, answers to questions and solutions to problem.
5. Analytical – There is a critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error in the researcher’s
interpretations.
6. Objective – The term also refers to the research as unbiased and logical. All findings are logically based
on the empirical data, which as earlier mentioned, are based on real life situations.
7. Original work – Requires effort to get at the researcher’s own investigation and produce the data needed
to complete the study.
Ethics of Research
Ethics is referred as the norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.
These are direct networks among people because they recognize some common ethical norms but interpret, apply
and balance them in different ways in the light of their own values and experiences (Resmik, 2015).
Another way of defining ethics is to consider it as a method, procedure or perspective for deciding how to
act and for analyzing complex problems and issues. For instance, in considering a complex issue like global
warming, one may take an economic, ecological, political or ethical perspective on the matter. While an economist
might examine the cost and benefits of various policies related to global warming, an environmentalist ethicist
could examine the ethical values and principles at sake.