Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
LEVEL-5
ELECTRONIC MECHANIC
Sector: Electronics & Hardware
Rs. 315/-
NATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL
SALE IN INDIA ONLY
Copyrights © 2018 National Instructional Media Institute, Chennai. MEDIA INSTITUTE, CHENNAI
ELECTRONIC MECHANIC
NSQF LEVEL - 5
1st Semester
TRADE PRACTICAL
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SECTOR: Electronics and Hardware
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NATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL
MEDIA INSTITUTE, CHENNAI
(i)
Post Box No. 3142, CTI Campus, Guindy, Chennai - 600 032
Sector : Electronics & Hardware
Duration : 2 - Years
Trade : Electronic Mechanic 1st Semester - Trade Practical - NSQF level 5
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Rs.315/-
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No part of this publication can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the National
Instructional Media Institute, Chennai.
Published by:
NATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA INSTITUTE
P. B. No.3142, CTI Campus, Guindy Industrial Estate,
Guindy, Chennai - 600 032.
Phone : 044 - 2250 0248, 2250 0657, 2250 2421
Fax : 91 - 44 - 2250 0791
email : chennai-nimi@nic.in, nimi_bsnl@dataone.in
Website: www.nimi.gov.in
(ii)
FOREWORD
The Government of India has set an ambitious target of imparting skills to 30 crores people, one out of every
four Indians, by 2020 to help them secure jobs as part of the National Skills Development Policy. Industrial
Training Institutes (ITIs) play a vital role in this process especially in terms of providing skilled manpower.
Keeping this in mind, and for providing the current industry relevant skill training to Trainees, ITI syllabus
has been recently updated with the help of Mentor Councils comprising various stakeholder's viz. Industries,
Entrepreneurs, Academicians and representatives from ITIs.
The National Instructional Media Institute (NIMI), Chennai, an autonomous body under the Directorate
General of Training (DGT), Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship is entrusted with developing
producing and disseminating Instructional Media Packages (IMPs) required for ITIs and other related
institutions.
The institute has now come up with instructional material to suit the revised curriculum for Electronic
Mechanic Trade Practical 1st Semester in Electronics & Hardware Sector . The NSQF Level - 5 Trade
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Theory will help the trainees to get an international equivalency standard where their skill proficiency and
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competency will be duly recognized across the globe and this will also increase the scope of recognition
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of prior learning. NSQF Level - 5 trainees will also get the opportunities to promote life long learning and skill
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development. I have no doubt that with NSQF Level - 5 the trainers and trainees of ITIs, and all stakeholders
will derive maximum benefits from these IMPs and that NIMI's effort will go a long way in improving the
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The Executive Director & Staff of NIMI and members of Media Development Committee deserve appreciation
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Jai Hind
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ASHEESH SHARMA
Joint Secretary
Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship,
Government of India.
(iii)
PREFACE
The National Instructional Media Institute (NIMI) was established in 1986 at Chennai by then Directorate
General of Employment and Training (D.G.E & T), Ministry of Labour and Employment, (now under Directorate
General of Training, Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship) Government of India, with technical
assistance from the Govt. of the Federal Republic of Germany. The prime objective of this institute is to
develop and provide instructional materials for various trades as per the prescribed syllabi under the Craftsman
and Apprenticeship Training Schemes.
The instructional materials are created keeping in mind, the main objective of Vocational Training under
NCVT/NAC in India, which is to help an individual to master skills to do a job. The instructional materials are
generated in the form of Instructional Media Packages (IMPs). An IMP consists of Theory book, Practical
book, Test and Assignment book, Instructor Guide, Audio Visual Aid (Wall charts and Transparencies) and
other support materials.
The trade practical book consists of series of exercises to be completed by the trainees in the workshop.
These exercises are designed to ensure that all the skills in the prescribed syllabus are covered. The trade
theory book provides related theoretical knowledge required to enable the trainee to do a job. The test and
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assignments will enable the instructor to give assignments for the evaluation of the performance of a trainee.
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The wall charts and transparencies are unique, as they not only help the instructor to effectively present a
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topic but also help him to assess the trainee's understanding. The instructor guide enables the instructor to
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plan his schedule of instruction, plan the raw material requirements, day to day lessons and demonstrations.
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In order to perform the skills in a productive manner instructional videos are embedded in QR code of the
exercise in this instructional material so as to integrate the skill learning with the procedural practical steps
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given in the exercise. The instructional videos will improve the quality of standard on practical training and
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will motivate the trainees to focus and perform the skill seamlessly.
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IMPs also deals with the complex skills required to be developed for effective team work. Necessary care
has also been taken to include important skill areas of allied trades as prescribed in the syllabus.
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The availability of a complete Instructional Media Package in an institute helps both the trainer and
management to impart effective training.
The IMPs are the outcome of collective efforts of the staff members of NIMI and the members of the Media
Development Committees specially drawn from Public and Private sector industries, various training institutes
under the Directorate General of Training (DGT), Government and Private ITIs.
NIMI would like to take this opportunity to convey sincere thanks to the Directors of Employment & Training
of various State Governments, Training Departments of Industries both in the Public and Private sectors,
Officers of DGT and DGT field institutes, proof readers, individual media developers and coordinators, but for
whose active support NIMI would not have been able to bring out this materials.
R. P. DHINGRA
Chennai - 600 032 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
(iv)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
National Instructional Media Institute (NIMI) sincerely acknowledges with thanks for the co-operation and
contribution extended by the following Media Developers and their sponsoring organisations to bring out this
Instructional Material (Trade Practical) for the trade of Electronic Mechanic under Electronics and Hardware
sector.
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NIMI, Chennai-32.
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Shri. S. Ameer Basha _ Principal (Pvt, Retd)
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MDC Member,
NIMI, Chennai-32.
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MDC Member,
NIMI, Chennai - 32
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MDC Member,
NIMI, Chennai-32
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NIMI records its appreciation for the Data Entry, CAD, DTP operators for their excellent and devoted services in
the process of development of this Instructional Material.
NIMI also acknowledges with thanks the invaluable efforts rendered by all other NIMI staff who have contributed
towards the development of this Instructional Material.
NIMI is also grateful to everyone who has directly or indirectly helped in developing this Instructional Material.
(v)
INTRODUCTION
TRADE THEORY
The manual of trade theory consists of theoretical information for the First Semester couse of the Electronic
Mechanic Trade. The contents are sequenced according to the practical exercise contained in the manual on
Trade practical. Attempt has been made to relate the theoretical aspects with the skill covered in each exercise
to the extent possible. This co-relation is maintained to help the trainees to develop the perceptional capabilities
for performing the skills.
The Trade Theory has to be taught and learnt along with the corresponding exercise contained in the manual
on trade practical. The indicating about the corresponding practical exercise are given in every sheet of this
manual.
It will be preferable to teach/learn the trade theory connected to each exercise atleast one class before
performing the related skills in the shop floor. The trade theory is to be treated as an integrated part of each
exercise.
The material is not the purpose of self learning and should be considered as supplementary to class room
instruction.
TRADE PRACTICAL
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The trade practical manual is intented to be used in workshop . It consists of a series of practical exercies to
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be completed by the trainees during the First Semester course of the Electronic Mechanic Trade
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supplemented and supported by instructions/ informations to assist in performing the exercises. These
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exercises are designed to ensure that all the skills in the prescribed syllabus are covered.
The manual is divided into three modules. The distribution of time for the practical in the three modules are
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given below.
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The skill training in the computer lab is planned through a series of practical exercises centred around some
practical project. However, there are few instance where the individual exercise does not form a part of project.
While developing the practical manual a sincere effort was made to prepare each exercise which will be easy
to understand and carry out even by below average traninee. However the development team accept that there
if a scope for further improvement. NIMI, looks forward to the suggestions from the experienced training faculty
for improving the manual.
(vi)
CONTENTS
1.1.01 Visit various sections of the ITI and identify the location of various
installations 1
1.1.02 Identify Safety Sign for danger warning, caution & personal safety message 2
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1.1.06 Use of Fire Extinguisher 16
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1.1.07
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Identify, the different hand tools 19
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1.2.14 Identify
dentify the phase and neutral and earth on power socket use testers to
monitor AC power 32
1.2.16 Measure the voltage between phase and ground and rectify earthing 35
1.2.18 Prepare terminations, skin the electrical wires / cables using wire stripper
and cutter 38
1.2.19 Measuring the gauge of the wire using SWG and outside micro meter 44
(vii)
Exercise No. Title of the Exercise Page No.
1.2.23 Identify the type of meters by dial and scale marking / symbols 55
1.2.25 Find the minimum and maximum measurable range of the meter 63
1.2.27 Check the continuity of wires, meter probes and fuse etc 66
1.2.30 Identify the rated output voltage and Ah capacity of given battery 72
1.2.31 Measure the voltages of given cells / battey using Analog / Digital Multimeter 73
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1.2.34 Measure the specific gravity of electrolyte using hydro meter 83
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1.2.35 Test a battery and verify whether the battery is ready for use or
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needs recharging 85
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1.3.36 Use the multimeter to measure the various functions (ACV, DCV,
DCI, ACI, R) 86
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1.3.37 Identify the different types of meter for measuring AC & DC parameters 93
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1.3.38 Identify the different controls on the CRO front Panel and Observe the
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1.3.39 Measure VDC, VAC, time period using CRO sine wave Parameters 103
1.3.40 Identify the different controls on the function generator front panel and
observe the function of each controls 107
1.4.45 Identify and use SPST, SPDT, DPST DPDT,tumbler. push button, toggle ,
piano switches used in electronic industries 120
1.4.46 Make a panel board using different types of switches for a given application 122
(viii)
Exercise No. Title of the Exercise Page No.
1.5.48 Measure the resistor value by colour code and verify the same by
measuring with Multi meter 126
1.5.49 Identify resistors by their appearance and check Physical defects 129
1.5.50 Identify the power rating of carbon resistors by their size 131
1.5.53 Verify laws of series and parallel circuits with voltage source in different
combinations 139
1.5.54 Measure the resistance, voltage, current through series and parallel
connected network using Multimeter 141
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1.5.55 Identify
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dentify different Inductors and measure the values using LCR meter 147
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1.5.56
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Identify the different capacitors and measure capacitance of various
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1.5.57 Identity and test the Circuit breaker and other protective devices 153
1.5.60 Connect
onnect a Contactor in a circuit and test for its working 157
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1.5.63 Construct
onstruct and test Series and Parallel resonance circuit 163
Module 6: Rectifiers
1.6.64 Identify different types of diode, diode modules and their specifications 165
1.6.65 Test the given diode using Multimeter and determine forward to reverse
resistance ratio 167
1.6.66 Measure the voltage and current through a diode in a circuit and verify its
forward characteristics 170
(ix)
Exercise No. Title of the Exercise Page No.
1.6.70 Measure ripple voltage, ripple frequency and ripple factor of rectifiers for
different load and filter capacitors 183
1.6.71 Identify and test Zener diode 185
1.6.72 Construct and test Zener based voltage regulator circuit 187
1.7.75 Demonstrate various parts of the system unit and motherboard components 197
1.7.76 Identify various computer peripherals and connect it to the system 199
1.7.78 Replace the CMOS battery and extend a memory module 203
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1.7.79 Test and Replace the SMPS 206
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1.7.80 Replace the given DVD and HDD on the system 207
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1.7.84 Install a Printer driver software and test for print outs 223
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1.7.85 Install antivirus software, scan the system and explore the options in the
antivirus software 232
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1.7.87 Create folder and files, draw pictures using paint 240
1.7.90 Prepare power point presentation on any three known topics with various
design, animation and visual effects 259
1.7.91 Convert the given PDF File into Word file using suitable software 267
1.7.92 Browse search engines, create email accounts, practice sending and
receiving of mails and configuration of email clients 270
1.7.93 Identify different types of cables and network components e.g. Hub, switch,
router, modem etc 282
1.7.94 Prepare terminations, make UTP and STP cable connectors and test 285
(x)
Exercise No. Title of the Exercise Page No.
1.7.95 Connect network connectivity hardware check for its functioning 289
Module 8: IC Regulators
1.8.98 Identify the different types of fixed +ve and -ve regulator IC’s and the
different current ratings 298
1.8.100 Observe the output voltage of different IC723 metal / plastic type and
IC 78S40 regulators by varying the input voltage with fixed load 303
1.8.101 Construct and test a 1.2V-30V variable output regulated power supply
using IC LM317T 305
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ASSESSABLE / LEARNING OUTCOME
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circuits.
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• Test various electronic components using proper measuring
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(i)
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.1.01
Electronic Mechanic - Basic workshop Practice
Visit various sections of the ITI and identify the location of various installations
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• identify the ITI staff their designation and their names
• list the trades available at your ITI
• explain the location of your ITI with respect to railway/bus station and any land mark
• record the telephone numbers of ITI office, hospital, police station and fire station
• draw the layout of the ITI electronic mechanic section
• identify the location of switches and their control area.
• operate the identified switches in case of emergency.
Requirements
Tools and Instruments Materials
• Steel rule 300 mm - 1 No • Pencil HB - 1 No
• Measuring tape 20 m - 1 No • Eraser - 1 No
• Set square 300 & 600 - 1 No • Note Pad - 1 No
• Set square 450 & 450 - 1 No • A4 Sheet - 5 Nos
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Visit various section of ITI and acquaint with the staff members.
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Instructor will lead the new recruits to various 3 Identity the location of ITI with respect to railway and
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section of ITI. bus stations and list of bus route numbers which play
near the ITI.
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1 During the visit collect information like the designation 4 Collect the telephone numbers of ITI office, nearest
of staff member, their name. hospital, nearest police station and the nearest fire
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2 Identify the sections of the ITI and list the trades in station.
which training is given.
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1 Draw the plan of the EM section to a suitable scale in 3 Draw the layout of the equipments, panels and furniture,
a separate sheet of paper (A4 size). etc. on the EM section plan to the same scale as in
step 1 as per the actual placement of the panels,
2 Take the length and the breadth measurements of
furniture etc.
electronic equipments, work benches, panels, doors,
windows, furniture etc.
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TASK 3 : Identify the location of switches and operate them during emergency.
1 Identify the main switch and mark its position in the 4 Practice switching “ON & OFF' of the controlling
layout. switches, depending upon the area of control, taking
into account the location of victims under imaginary
2 Identify each of the sub-main switches, their area of
electrocution.
control in the section and mark them on the layout.
5. Get the work checked by the instructor.
3 Identify 3 or 4 spots in various locations of the EM
section layout and identify the respective sub-main
switches.
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1
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.1.02
Electronic Mechanic - Basic workshop Practice
Identify Safety Sign for danger warning, caution & personal safety message
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• Identify the safety signs for caution
• Identify the safety signs for danger and warning
• Explain the personnel safety message
Requirements
Tools/Equipments • Drawing sheet - 1 No
• Colour sketch pen - 1 Set
• Scissor - 1 No • Hard board - as reqd
Materials • Gum - as reqd
• Pencil - 1 No • Twine thread - as reqd
• Eraser - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1: Identification of safety signs for caution.
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1 For the safety signs given in column 1 of observation 2 Get the work checked by the instructor.
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& Tabulation sheet Table identify and record the
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different types of signs and their meaning in columns
2 and 3.
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2
Sign Type Meaning
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Safe work practices are used to prevent electrical shock Insulated tools must be used when working on or near
or similar injuries by keeping workers away from ener- exposed energized live conductors.Not all tools with a
gized equipment or circuits and by training qualified work- plastic coating or plastic handles provide protection from
ers on the correct procedures when working on ener- electrical shock. It is important to inspect your tools be-
gized equipment or circuits. Prior to using or performing fore performing electrical work - not only to verify if the
maintenance on electrical equipment, the employee tools are rated for the job, but also to check for damage,
should first determine if it is safe by checking the follow- wear and if they no longer provide adequate protection
ing. from electrical shock. Damaged or worn tools should be
removed from service immediately.
• Verify that electrical equipment is not located in a
hazardous environment, such as a damp/wet location DO’S
or where it is exposed to high temperatures and • Read and follow electrical instruction manuals prior
flammable gases and vapours. to using .
• Make sure overcurrent and safety devices, such as • Use safety signs, barricades and tags to identify
fuses, circuit breakers and ground fault circuit and protect electrical equipment.
interrupters (GFCI), have not been tampered with
and are working correctly. • Only use extension cords as a temporary solution.
• Inspect the power cord and plug to ensure there are • Use waterproof cords in an outdoor application
no defects, such as cuts in the insulation exposing • Contact a certified electrician when electrical repair
bare wiring. is needed
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• Identify if the equipment has an emergency shut off
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DONT’S
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switch and where it is located prior to use.
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• Overload outlets by using splitters.
• Make sure there is sufficient space around the
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electrical equipment or circuit to allow for operation • Touch electrical equipment, including power cords
and maintenance with wet or damp hands.
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• Remove all personal metal jewellery prior to using or • Allow dirt, grease or dust to accumulate on electrical
working on electrical equipment or circuits. equipment.
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• If de-energizing the electical equipment or circuit • Use temporary wiring in place of permanent wiring.
will increase the potential for an electrical hazard or • Use cords or equipment that are not properly
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Requirements
Tools and Instruments • Drawing sheet - 1 No
• Colour sketch Pen - as reqd
• Scissor - 1 No
• Gum - as reqd
Materials: • Twine thread - as reqd
• Pencil - 1 No
• Eraser - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Use of different PPEs
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PPEs.
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2 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
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PPES USE
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PPES USE
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Requirements
Equipments/Machines Materials
• A wall mounted/pedestal bus-bar chamber • Workshop coats, sacks, long handled wooden
controlled by an isolator - dummy - not con- brush, length of timber, rubber mat, hot water bag.
nected to mains - an Electrical machine con-
nected through an isolator - (dummy - not
connected to mains).
PROCEDURE
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2 Remove the victim safely from the `live` equipment by
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disconnecting the supply or using one of the items of
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insulating material.
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Do not run to switch off the supply that is far
away.
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1 If breathing has stopped, apply immediate artificial 5 Look for visible injury in the body and decide on the
respiration. suitable method of artificial respiration.
2 Loosen the tight clothing of the victim. If not possible 6 Have you observed ? (In this case you are told by the
to loosen quickly, do not spend too much time in this instructor.)
activity.
7 In the case of injury/burns to chest and/or belly follow
3 Remove obstructions from the mouth, if any. the mouth to mouth method.
4 Send word for professional assistance. (If no other 8 In case the mouth is closed tightly, use Schafer's or
person is available, you stay with the victim and render Holgen–Nelson method.
help as best as you can.)
9 In the case of burn and injury in the back, follow
Nelson's method.
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10 Arrange the victim in the correct position for giving
All action should be taken immediately.
artificial respiration. Follow the steps explained, given
Delay even by a few seconds may be dangerous.
under skill information for each method of artificial
Exercise extreme care to prevent injury to
respiration, until the victim breathes naturally or pro-
internal organs.
fessional help arrives.
11 Place the mock victim in the recovery position.
12 Cover the victim with coat, sacks or improvise your
own method. It helps to keep the victim's body warm.
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Skill Sequence
Nelson's arm-lift back-pressure method 2 Gently rock forward keeping the arms straight until
they are nearly vertical, and thus steadily pressing
Caution
the victim's back as in Fig 2 to force the air out of the
– Remove the victim from contact with the live equip- victim's lungs.
ment. (Ref. related theory - Artificial respiration)
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– Tight clothing which may interfere with the victim's
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breathing must be loosened.
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– Remove any foreign materials or false teeth from his
mouth, and keep the mouth open.
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1 Place the victim prone (that is, face down) with his
arms folded with the palms one over the other and the
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Objectives: This shall help you to
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• resuscitation of a victim by the Schafer's method.
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Schafer's method
– Do not use this method in case of injuries to victim on
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– Do not touch the victim with bare hands until you are
sure that he is free from electrical contact.
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Caution
Tight clothing which may interfere with the victim's
breathing must be loosened; all foreign matter, such
as false teeth, tobacco, pan, etc. should be removed
from his mouth. Delay by even a few seconds may be
dangerous.
Avoid violent operations to prevent injury to the
internal parts.
1 Lay the victim on his belly, one arm extended
directly forward, the other arm bent at the elbow and
with the face turned sideward and resting on the hand 4 Now swing backward immediately removing all
or fore-arm as shown in Fig 1. pressure from the victim's body as shown in Fig 3,
and thereby allowing the lungs to fill with air.
2 Kneel astride the victim, so that his thighs are
between your knees and with your fingers and 5 After two seconds, swing forward again and repeat
thumbs positioned as in Fig 1. the cycle twelve to fifteen times a minute.
3 With the arms held straight, swing forward slowly so
that the weight of your body is gradually brought to
bear upon the lower ribs of the victim to force the air
out of the victim's lungs as shown in Fig 2.
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– Free the victim from the live equipment before com-
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mencing artificial respiration.
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Caution
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– Loosen tight clothing which may interfere with the
victim's breathing.
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shut, seal your lips around the victim's nostrils
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and breathe into him. Check to see if the victim's
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chest is rising and falling. (Fig 5)
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pressure. (Fig 9)
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PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Easy ways to prevent electrical accidents
1 Only licensed electricians install, repair and 6 Check insulated tools for damage before each use.
dismantle jobsite wiring.
7 Never modify electrical plugs.
2 Always plug into a GFCI. (Ground Fault Circuit
8 Keep extension cords in a safe place where they
Interrupter protection)
won’t be stepped on or driven over.
3 Check each extension cord before use.
9 Ensure that all electrical components stay dry.
4 Do a Thorough check for electrical wiring before
10 Use the right extension cord for the job.
cutting through any wall, floor or ceiling.
11 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
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5 Inspect power tools on a regular basis.
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TASK 2 : Step to be taken in electrical accidents.
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1 Use only equipment that is properly grounded or 9 Do not ignore warning signs. If an item feels hot,
double-insulated. makes an unusual noise (buzz or hum), smokes or
sparks take it out of service immediately and tag it “Do
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Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.1.06
Electronic Mechanic - Basic workshop Practice
Requirement
Tools and Instruments Materials/ components
• Fire Extinguisher - 1 No each • Scrap material like wood /
(different type Fire Extinguishers) wire/oil/ cotton cloth - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identify the types of Fires.
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1 Instruct someone to inform the fire department record 3 Get the right type of Fire Extinguisher.
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ing location.
4 Make sure your fire extinguisher is upto date.
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2 First you ascertain what kind of fire it is.
5 Get the work checked by the instructor.
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1 Identify and record the type of Fire Extinguishers 2 As instructed by your instructor take part in the
available in your institute also record the type and general type of fire - fighting and electrical fire.
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Table 1
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TASK 3 : Use of Fire Extinguisher
1 Stand with your back to an exit as shown in Fig 1 5 Aim the hose at the base of the fire as shown in Fig 4
2 Move to the proper distance. Many fire extinguishers 6 Squeeze the lever as shown in Fig 5
have a range of between 8 and 12 feet (2.4 to 3.7m).
before discharging the extinguisher, move towards or
away from the fire so you’re standing 6 to 8 feet (1.8
to 2.4m) away as shown in Fig 2.
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Requirements
Tools/Instruments Material/Components
• Combination pliers 200 mm - 1 No • Neon tester - 1 No
• Long round nose pliers 200 mm - 1 No • Electrician knife - 1 No
• Screwdriver 150mm - 1 No • Centre punch - 1 No
Equipment/Machines
• Portable electric drilling machine - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Identify the tools when specification is given
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TASK 2 : Identifying tools for specific uses iii Pliers-diagonal cutting
It is used for shearing off wires in confined spaces and
From the list given select the correct name of each of the
cutting off wires close to the surface level.(Fig 5)
pliers given
1 Practice the use of each tool for different operations as
given below.
i Combination pliers (Fig 1)
Pipe grip is serrated for gripping cylindrical objects.
ii Pliers-flat nose
Two joint cutters are provided for cutting or shearing off iv Pliers-round nose
wires. (Fig 2)
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It is used to shape loops in wires and to form curves in light
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metal strips.(Fig 6)
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v Screwdriver
It is used for slot head screws.
Use screwdrivers with tips correctly fitting into the screw
slot. (Fig 7)
Fig 11
Fig 12
ed
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_______
PROCEDURE
TASK 1: Select proper tools for operation
1 First, know and understand in detail, the scope of 4 Use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed
work to be accomplished.
5 Provide and use properly the right personal protective
2 Plan for the scope taking into account the sequence equipment .
of tasks.
6 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
3 Select best tool for each task and follow the
manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that
specific tool.
_______
ed
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TASK 2 : Precaution while using hand tools
ish
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1 Use the right tool for the job as shown in Fig 1 6 Keep close track of tools when working at heights. A
falling tool can kill a co-worker.
7 Pass a tool to another person by the handle; never
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toss it to them.
8 Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE) for
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_______
22
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.1.09
Electronic Mechanic - Basic workshop Practice
Requirements
Materials
• Cotton Cloth - as reqd
• Lubricating oil - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Care and maintenance of trade tools
1 Wipe or clean after every use with a clean and soft 8 Never use screwdrivers as wood chisel nor cold
to remove dirt. chisel.
2 Keep all tools in a tool room or tool rack. 9 If necessary, never file the soldering tip of soldering
copper.
3 Tools should be applied with appropriate oil to
ed
prevent them from rusting. 10 Do not overheat the electric soldering iron.
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4 Drill tools should be sharpened properly if they are 11 Never use dull tools, it will cause harm to your work
dull. or yourself.
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5 Tooth cutting tools should be sharpened as often as 12 Always issue or lend tools with receipt.
necessary.
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7 Except hammers, never use tools as hammers. 14 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
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_______
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23
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.1.10
Electronic Mechanic - Basic workshop Practice
Requirements
Materials
• Cotton cloth - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Practice safety precautions while working in fitting jobs.
ed
1 Hold the job in the bench vice with a projection of 5 to
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10mm from the top of the vice jaw as shown in Fig 1
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side calipers
1 Open the jaws of calipers untill they pass clearly
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24
Practice safety precaution while grinding
1 Protect your eyes with goggles or lower the protect-
ing shield near the tool rest shown in Fig 6
ed
Fig 8
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1 Fix securely the drill deep into the drill chuck as shown
in Fig 7
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_______
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Equipment/Machines
• File, flat bastard, double cut 300mm - 1 No • Bench vice - 1 No
• File, flat, second cut, double cut • Surface plate - 1 No
300mm - 1 No • Angle plate - 1 No
• Try square - engineer's rule 150mm - 1 No
• Jenny caliper 150mm - 1 No
ed
Materials
• Engineer ball peen hammer 200gm - 1 No
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• 60 ISF 8 (Length - 350mm.) - 2 Nos
• Centre punch
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ish
• ISA 5555 (Thickness 8mm
• Dot punch - 1 No
length 150mm ) - 1 No
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• Steel rule 300mm - 1 No
• Hacksaw blade, 280mm, 300mm - 1 No
• Surface gauge - 1 No
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• Straight edge - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Practice on Filing
Co
1 Check the length and size of the given M.S angle iron
as per the sketch using a steel rule.
2 Fix the angle iron at right angle and one side (surface
A) at least 15 mm above the jaws of the bench vice.
3 File the reference side (surface A indicated in Fig 1)
with the bastard file.
4 Test the flatness with the blade of the try square.
5 File the adjacent surface ‘B’ with a bastard file.
6 Test the flatness and also check the right angle with
the try square.
7 File the side C at right angle to surfaces A,B.
8 Apply marking media (lump chalk) evenly on the
surfaces A and B.
9 Place the surface B on the levelling plate and scribe a
line parallel to B on surface A (at a distance of 53mm
as shown in Fig 1); likewise mark on surface A a line
parallel to B at a distance of 53mm.
26
10 Place the surface C on the levelling plate and scribe a 14 Use an outside caliper for checking the finished sizes.
line parallel to C on the surfaces A & B at a distance of
15 Deburr all sharp edges.
146 mm from the surface C
11 Punch all the scribed lines. Do not touch the surface of the job while filing.
Use a vice clamp for protecting the finished
12 File the sides D,E and F with a bastard file.
surface.
13 Finish the job with a second cut file, file within ± 0.5mm Do not overtighten the vice.
and check the right angles with reference to surfaces Do not allow any pining of the file handle.
A & B. For removing pining of the file use a file card.
_______
1 Check the raw material size as per sketch using the 22 File and finish the job with a second cut file within
a tolerance of ± 0.5mm (use outside calipers for
steel rule.
checking).
2 Fix the job securely in the bench vice.
3 File the reference face A with a bastard file.
4 Check the flatness with the straight edge.
ed
5 File adjacent edge or datum edge B with a bastard file.
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6 Check the right angle with a try square.
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7 File adjacent edge or datum edge C with a bastard
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file.
8 Check the right angles to the datum edge B and
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reference surface A.
9 Apply chalk evenly on the surface A.
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_______
Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.1.11 27
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.1.12
Electronic Mechanic - Basic workshop Practice
Requirements
Tools and Instruments Equipment/Machines
• Steel rule 300 mm - 1 No • Hand drilling machine - 1 No
• Scriber 200 mm - 1 No
Materials
• Centre Punch 150 mm - 1 No
• Rivet set for14 Timans rivet - 1 No • Sheet metal 18ST 55x0.5x105 - 2 Nos
• Hammer 250 gm - 1 No • No 14 Timan riverts - 10 Nos
PROCEDURE
ed
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TASK 1 : Practice single sheet metal works for fitting
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1 Ensure the edges of the workpieces to be joined are
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free of burr and straight.
2 Calculate the distance of the lap. Distance of the lap =
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_______
28
TASK 2 : Practice simple sheet metal works for drilling
Before inserting the drill in the drill chuck of the While drilling by electric operated portable drill-
ed
power operated portable drilling machine, be ing machine on a sheet metal, light pressure
should be applied otherwise, the drill will stall
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sure that the switch is off and earthing is provided.
ish
3 Place the workpiece on a suitable wooden support
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andclamp with the help of a ‘C’ clamp.(Fig 2) 7 Switch off the drilling machine after the drilling is completed.
Deburr the holes by larger sized drill bit by rotating it on
4 Hold the butt of the portable drilling machine in onehand the drilled hole by hand.
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and grasp the gun with fore finger and thumb of the
other hand, such that the drill is perpendicular to the
surface of the metal to be drilled (Fig 2).
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_______
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Equipment/Machines
• Steel rule 30 cm - 1 No • Hand drilling machine - 6mm
• Scriber 200 mm - 1 No
Materials
• Divider 150 mm - 1 No
• Snips 250 mm - 1 No • Sheet iron ISST - 52 x 0.5 x 150mm.
• Hammer 200 g - 1 No
• Hatchet stake - as avl
• Mallet wood - 1 No
• Hollow punches set 3 to 25mm - 1 set
ed
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PROCEDURE
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1 Check the dimension of the given metal sheet.
2 Mark all the dimensions as per drawing (Fig 1) for
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ed
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Identify the phase and neutral and earth on power socket use testers to monitor
AC power
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• test and identify phase, neutral and ground points of a single phase AC mains 3-pin socket using,
1 test lamp
2 neon tester
3 AC voltmeter.
Requirements
Tools/Instruments/Equipments Materials/Components
• Trainees kit - as reqd • PVC wire,
• Neon tester, 500V - 1 No Red colour, (5/20 gauge) -1m
• Test lamp - 1 No Black colour, (5/20 gauge) -1m
• AC Voltmeter 0-500V MI - 1 No • Incandescent bulb,25 watts
• Ohmmeter - 1 No (per batch) - 1 No
• Lamp holder - 1 No
• Lamp grill - 1 No
ed
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Test phase and neutral points using test lamp
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1 Make a Test lamp setup as shown in Fig 1. 4 Connect the test lamp across the 3-pin socket outlet
points(A&B) as shown in Fig 3 and check the presence
of mains supply.
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32
7 From the markings on the socket,check
- If the points ‘A’ and ‘B’ have the same marking(L
or N). If yes,then,there is some defect with the
mains supply or socket wiring. Consult your
instructor.
- If the points ‘A’ and ‘B’ have different markings,
and check if the L and N are at the correct
positions of the mains outlet socket.
8 Connect the test-lamp across the identified phase and
earth point. Check if the test lamp OFF or continues to
glow. From the observation made conclude whether
the ON/OFF switch is connected properly or not.
_______
ed
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Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Test lamp - 1 No • Connector leads - as reqd
• DPIC switch - 1 No • Connector Screw driver 150mm - 1 No
• Pendent lamp holder - 1 No
• 40W / 250V Bulb - 1 No
• Voltmeter 0-500V MI - 1 No
PROCEDURE
Method 1 Method 2
ed
1 Connect two cables in pendent lamp holder. 5 Alternatively corner a voltmeter across mains.
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2 Fix a 40 watts bulb in th lamp holder. 6 Measure the voltage.
ish
3 Put two terminals of the test lamp on the two terminals 7 See whether supply voltage comes from the mains. If
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of the DPIC switch as shown in Fig 1. the voltmeter shows supply voltage, the mains
healthiness is good
4 Observe the brightness of the lamp. If the lamp gives
be @
_______
34
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.2.16
Electronic Mechanic - Basic Electricity
Measure the voltage between phase and ground and rectify earthing
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• measure the voltage between phase and ground
• rectify defective earth.
Requirements
Tools/Instruments
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set
• Multi meter - 1 No
• Test lamp - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Measure the voltage between phase and ground
1 Identify the phase and earth point of a 3 pin AC 230V 5 Switch ‘ON’ the main switch.
socket outlet.
ed
6 Measure the AC voltage and record the value.
2 Mark the three points as P,N & E using sketch pen as
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7 AC voltage is ................................Volt.
shown in Fig 1.
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Rectify the defective earth
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1 Connect test lamp between earth hole of the 3 pin
socket and phase.
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earth connection.
of the multimeter to the phase point and other terminal
of the multimeter to the earth point as shown in Fig.2. 8 Tighten the bold and nut at the point of earth connection.
_______
35
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.2.17
Electronic Mechanic - Basic Electricity
Requirements
Equipments Materials
• Continuity Tester - 1 No • 5 core cable - 1 Meter
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • 4 core cable - 1 Meter
• 3 core cable - 1 Meter
• 2 core cable - 1 Meter
• Cotton Waste - as reqd
• Cotton cloth - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identify the different type of AC mains cables.
ed
Assumption: Different types of cables with
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English alphabet as given in this exercise are
displayed on the work bench. Trainees are
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required to identify the cables.
Table
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3
A
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D
4
_______
36
TASK 2 : Test different AC mains cables.
5
_______
ed
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Prepare terminations, skin the electrical wires / cables using wire stripper and
cutter
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• skin (cut and remove) the insulation of cables using manual stripper and a wire stripper with auto ejection
of insulation.
• strip off the insulation of the PVC sheathed cable using side cutting pliers.
• skin the insulation of three and two core cables
• terminating wire end with crocodile clip and banana plug
• terminating skined cable to a two - pin mains plug
• terminating skined cable to three pin mains plug.
Requirements
Tools/Instruments • Cut pieces of flat twin-core cable -3m
(250 to 300 mm long pieces)
• Trainees tool kit - 1 set
• PVC insulated and PVC sheathed
• Wire stripper: manual & auto - 1 each
cable single core -3m
• Diagonal cutting pliers 150 mm - 1 No
(250 to 300 mm long pieces)
• Hand operated eyelet closing pliers - 1 No
• Cut pieces of round PVC 3 and
ed
Materials 4 -core cable
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(250 to 300 mm long pieces) -3m
•
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Copper and aluminium cables of the
ish
• Two core PVC cable (230V, 5A) -1 m
following sizes:
• Two pin electrical mains plug
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- 1 No
• PVC single strand 1.5 sq. mm -3m
(230V,5A)
• PVC single strand 2.5 sq. mm -3m
• 3 core PVC cable -1m
• PVC cable 14/0.2 mm -3m
be @
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Skin the cable insulation using a manual stripper
No py
38
8 Exercise additional care in the case of flexible cables
Partially cut insulation needs excessive force
so as not to cut even a single strand.
to remove. Excessive force, if required, indi-
cates improper cutting of insulation.
When using this tool, make sure that it is
correctly adjusted before trying to strip the
7 Repeat the skinning of the wire insulation with another
insulation from the cable without damaging the
type of manual wire stripper, shown in Fig 3
conductor.
Do not use this tool to cut metallic conductors.
_______
ed
1 Mark the length of insulation to be removed from the
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ends.
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2 Straighten the cable ends.
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3 Study the stripper and its working. (Fig 4)
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4 Select a slot in the jaws whose diameter is equal to the While using this stripper the cable insulation
conductor core diameter. (Fig 5) should be put in the proper slot to avoid dam-
age to the conductor.
5 Locate the jaws of the stripper exactly at the mark.
6 Press the stripper.
_______
Alternative method
You can also use a side (diagonal) cutting pliers for
stripping off cable covering
1 Cut the covering from the end up to the length it should
be removed by using side cutting pliers (Fig 9)
3 Place the cable end on a table top, and with the knife, 2 Cut the sheathing along the circumference as shown
slit open the sheath or insulation between the circular (Fig 10)
cut you have made at the end of the cable, as shown.
(Fig 8)
ed
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_______
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TASK 4 : Terminating wire end with crocodile clip and banana plug
5 Put the screw back on the crocodile clip and tighten the
screw firmly. While tightening hold the wire such that
wire does not protrude below the screw washer as in
Fig 13
4 Bend the tinned exposed conductor to form a loop Excessive wire protrusion results in weak
using a round nose plier. Place the loop in the screw, termination. Hence, the termination may come
such that the loop is in the direction of screw as shown out during usage.
in Fig 12
ed
using a nose pliers such that it takes the shape of a
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loop as shown in Fig 14.
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Do not press too hard at the bend point as the
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tinned wire may crack at the bend.
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_______
9 Spread the wires inside the plug. Place the cable grip
and put back the cable grip screws firmly as shown in
Fig 22a. Get it checked by the instructor.
ed
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Some two-pin plugs may not have cable grips.
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In such cases skip this step.
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5 Bend the tinned conductors at one end of the two cable
into a loop as shown in Fig.19
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Fig 23
6 Unscrew the screw on the terminals of the plug till the
end, but do not remove from the terminal. (Fig 20a)
Co
_______
Fig 24
ed
8 Get your work checked by the instructor.
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9 Reassemble the top cover of the plug. The finished
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work should look as shown in Fig 27.
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3 Unscrew the screws on the terminal till the end but do
Fig 27
not remove from the terminal.
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Fig 25
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_______
Measuring the gauge of the wire using SWG and outside micro meter
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• measure the gauge of the wire using
a) standard wire gauge (SW6)
b) outside micrometer.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments/Data manuals Materials/Components
• Single strand wire pieces - 2 Nos
• Trainees kit - as reqd • Rigid multistrand wire piece - 1 No
• Standard wire gauge (per batch) - 1 No • Flexible multi strand wire pieces
• Outside micrometer 0-25 mm - 1 No - Red colour - 1 No
(per batch) - Black colour - 1 No
• Pocket table book - as reqd - Green colour - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Measure the gauge of the wire using standad wire gauge
ed
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1 Clean the skinned wire end conductors of single
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strand wires using dry cloth, straighten the conductors
by hand.
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Don’t use nose pliers/tweezers to straighten
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44
10 Count the total number of strands available in that wire
and record it in Table 1
11 Repeat steps 8,9 & 10 for the flexible multistrand
wires.
12 Refer pocket table book and convert the measured
SWG value of wires into diameter of the wires in
inches and millimeters. Record the readings in
Table 1 .
14 Get your work checked by the instructor.
Table 1
ed
1
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END-2
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END-1
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2
END-2
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3
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4
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Multi-strand 5
Wire
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6
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_______
1 Find the least count and zero error of the given mi- 4 Record the reading on the barrel and thimble in table
crometer. Note down the values in Table 2. 2. Loosen the grip on the conductor and take out the
conductor from the micrometer.
2 Take the wire with tag No. 1 for measurement. Clean
and straighten the exposed conductor. 5 Repeat steps 2,3 & 4 for the remaining single strand
and multi-strand wires
3 Place the conductor in the gap between the anvil and
spindle. Turn the thimble till the conductor is just held
Measure the diameter of a single strand in the
between the anvil and the spindle as shown in Fig 5.
case of multi-strand wires.
Turn the rachet till a click sound is heard.
6 Calculate and record the diameter of the wires in mm
Do not over tighten as this may deform the
for which the micrometer readings were noted.
conductor and hence give wrong measurement.
Table 2
ed
1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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_______
Requirements
Materials
• Cotton cloth - as reqd
• Different size of copper conductor cable - as reqd
• Different size of aluminium conductor
cable - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Determine the current carrying capacity of copper conductor by referring Table 1
ed
copper conductor and note down in Table 2.
copper conductors are to be displayed on the
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work bench. Trainees are required to find out
ish
the current carrying capacity of wires given
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below by referrring the Table 1.
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Table 1
COPPER AND EQUIVALENT ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR CABLES CURRENT RATINGS
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47
Table 2
ed
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2 Determine the copper conductor size for the given current rating and note down in Table 3
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Table 3
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_______
Table 4
ed
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2 Determine the aluminium conductor size for the
given current and note down in Table 5.
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Table 5
o ht
_______
Requirements
Tools/Instruments/Equipments Materials/Components
• Crimping pliers (1mm to 16mm) - 1 No • Lugs 1.5 mm - 6 Nos
• Steel rule 300mm - 1 No • Lugs 2.5 mm - 6 Nos
• Insulated side cutting pliers - 1 No • Lugs 4 mm - 6 Nos
• Electrician Knife - 1 No • Lugs 6 mm - 6 Nos
• Wire stripper auto-eject 200mm - 1 No • Cable 1.5 sq mm,2,5,4,6 length
• Wire stripper (manual) 200 mm - 1 No 300mm - 1No.Each
• Cotton waste - as reqd
• Conducting paste - 1 tube
ed
PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Choose the wire
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1 Select the wire depending of the application of work.
1
2 Cut the wire 300 mm length from the wire coil as shown
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in Fig 1.
3 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
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_______
_______
50
TASK 3: Crimping the lug
1 After selecting wire and lug select the correct crimping 6 Insert the wire in to the lug as shown in the Fig 6.
tool
6
2 Measure the length of Lug using steel rule.
3 Measure appropriate strip length. Line up the connec
tor barrel to the wire and mark the cable as shown
in Fig 3.
ed
age the conductors as shown in Fig 4.
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4
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tion tool. The die index number and color code indi-
cated on the connector should match when the correct
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8
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5
Note:
• Be sure to understand and follow all the
instructions and other materials supplied
with the unit before using tool.
• Be sure to use the tool as instructed so that
your fingers or part of clothing caught in the
tool during crimping operation.
9 Start the crimping tool cycle and hold steady until the
entire cycle is complete. Release ram. Repeat the
same process until all crimp locations on the barrel
have been completed as shown in Fig 9.
Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.2.21 51
9 10
10 After crimping remove the crimped cable as shown in 11 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
Fig 10.
_______
ed
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Requirements
Tools/Instruments/Equipments Materials/Components
• Digital Multimeter with probes - 1 No • 1.5 dry cell - 1 No
• Auto transfer having input 0-220V • 3.3V CMOS battery - 1 No
AC & output 0-270V/15A - 1 No • 9V battery - 1 No
• 12 V battery - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1: Measure the AC voltage using multimeter
ed
1 Plug the black probe into the COM port on your
Note : Most multimeters power up in Auto
multimeter as shown in Fig 1.
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range mode. This automatically selects a
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ish
measurement range based on voltage present.
1
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3
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53
7 Increase the voltage 10V in Autotransformer, the Table 1
multimeter will show the voltage range and note down
the voltage on Table -1. S No. AC Voltage
_______
ed
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8
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2
5 If your range was set too high, you may not get a very
accurate reading. Here the multimeter reads 9 volts 3
but we can turn the dial to a lower range to get a better
reading as shown in Fig 7. 4
6 With the range set correctly, we get a reading of 9.42
volts as show in Fig 8. 8 Repeat the above steps for other battery and see
the corresponding voltage in multimeter and note
down the reading in Table - II.
9 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
_______
54 Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.2.22
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.2.23
Electronic Mechanic - Basic Electricity
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Voltmeter 0 - 250 V, DC, MC - 1 No • Connecting leads flexible - assorted sizes
• Voltmeter 0 - 500V, MI - 1 No
• Ammeter 0 - 5A, DC, MC - 1 No
• Ohmmeter 0 - 1000 ohms - 1 No
• Multimeter - 1 No
• Multi-range voltmeter MC/MI - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1:- Identify the type of instrument (AC/DC) and its function from the dial markings.
ed
1 Identify the function of the instrument by referring to
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TABLE 2
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the symbol on the dial. (Fig 1).
ish
Instrument Symbol Function
Record the observation below in Table 1.
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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TABLE 1
Instrument Symbol Function
Figure 1
55
Fig 4
Fig 5
ed
TABLE 3
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Instrument Range Scale Function
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Figure 4
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Figure 5
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Figure 6
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Figure 7
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Figure 8
No py
in Table 4.
Table 4
Figure 1
Figure 2
ed
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_______
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TASK 2 : Identify the type of instrument (AC/DC) from the marking on the terminals.
o ht
Fig 10
the given Figs 9 to 11.
2 Note down the marks in the terminals shown in Figs 9
No py
Fig 9
Table 5
ed
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_______
Requirements
Equipments
• MC Ammeter 0-5A - 1 No • MI Voltmeter 0-500 V - 1 No
• MI Ammeter 0-10A - 1 No • Wattmeter 0-1500W - 1 No
• MC Milli ammeter 0-1 A - 1 No • Power Factor meter 0.5 lead
• Watt meter 0-400 kW - 1 No - 0-0.5 lag - 1 No
• MC Milli volt meter 0 - 100mV - 1 No • Mega ohmmeter 0-10 Mega ohm - 1 No
• MC voltmeter 0-50V - 1 No Materials
• Frequency meter 45-55Hz - 1 No
• Cotton Waste -as reqd
PROCEDURE
ed
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TASK 1 : Demonstrate various analog measuring instruments.
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Assumption: A set of analog measuring instru-
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ments as given in this exercise are to be dis-
played on the work bench. Instructor may dem-
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Table 1
1 MC ammeter
2 Watt meter
59
Name of the Meter Dial Sketch
3 MC Milli voltmeter
4 Mega Ohmmeter
5 Freqency meter
6 MI Voltmeter
ed
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7 Watt meter
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8 MC Milli ammeter
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10 MI Ammeter
11 MC Voltmeter
6
2
ed
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ish
7
3
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t t rig
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Co
8
4
10
ed
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ish
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_______
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t t rig
No py
Co
Requirements
Tools & Instruments Materials
• Lead acid battery 12V - 1 No • Connecting cable copper 1.5mm2 - as reqd
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • Cotton cloth - as reqd
• MC ammeter 0-500 mA - 1 No • Variable types of resistor - 2 Nos
• MC voltmeter 0-10V - 1 No • SP Switch 6A, 240V - 1 No
PROCEDURE
1 Collect ammeter, voltmeter, variable resistance bat- 6 Gradually increase load to 500 mA by varying
tery and SP switch. variable resistance.
2 Form th circuit as shown in Fig 1. 7 Also adjust the voltage across load resistor to 10
ed
volts.
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ish
8 Note down the maximum measurable range of
millammeter and voltmeter and record it in Table 1.
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Table -1
be @
_______
63
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.2.26
Electronic Mechanic - Basic Electricity
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials / Components
• MC Voltmeter 0-5V - 1 No • Dry cells of different voltage range - as reqd
• MC Voltmeter 0-15V - 1 No • Lead acid battery 12V 60 Ah - 1 No
• Screw driver 150mm with 3mm blade - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Carry out Mechanical zero setting of a meter
1 Take a MC Voltmeter 0-5V and check whether the 5 Take a suitable screw driver to turn the Mechanical
meter needle moves freely on the graduated scale. zero adjustment screw fitted on the meter.
ed
6 Turn the screw slowly in steps as shown in Fig 2 until
bl I
If the needle is not moving freely consult your
ish
instructor
7 Check the meter, whether it is suitable to measure the
Re NI
2 Place the meter on the table. Check whether the voltage of source.
needle is pointed exactly on the zero position of the
be @
as in Fig 1(b) & (C) the meter has the Mechanial Zero
error.
No py
Co
_______
64
TASK 2 : Measure the voltage of drycell & lead acid battery using single range voltmeter from the given
lot
1 Take any one of dry cell from the given lot Clean
its terminals using cloth. If the pointer deflects reverse direction on
the scale the identified cell polarity is wrong.
2 Identify the +ve and -ve terminals of the cell. Recheck and interchange connection.
3 Touch the -ve meter prod (Black) to the -ve terminal of
the cell as shown in Fig 3. 5 Note down the voltmeter reading.
4 Also touch the +ve prod (Red) to the +ve terminal of 6 Repeat the steps for the remaining cells and lead
the cell as shown in Fig 3. acid battery and write down the voltmeter reading.
ed
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ish
_______
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Requirements
Tools / Instruments Materials
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • Miniature lamp holder with 12V lamp - 1 No
• Digital Multimeter - 1 No • PVC wire 2.5 sq mm - 1 Meter
• Continuity tester - 1 No • PVC wire 1.5 sqmm - 1 Meter
• Wire striper - 1 No • Multimeter Probes - 1 Pair
• 5 Amps Glass fuse wire - 1 No
Equipment / Machinery
• Battery pack / Lead acid Battery 6V - 1 No
PROCEDURE
ed
TASK 1 : Check the Continuity of a 1.5 sqmm PVC wire
bl I
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ish
1 Remove the insulation of the given 1.5 sqmm
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PVC wire using wire stripper at both ends as shown in
Fig 1.
be @
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t t rig
as shown in Fig 2. 4 Observe the lamp. The lamp glows if wire has conti-
nuity and the lamp does not glow if wire has
Co
_______
_______
66
TASK 3 : Check the continuity of a glass fuse wire
_______
ed
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ish
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Co
Requirements
Tools / Instruments/ Equipments
• Clamp meter with jaws / Clamp meter
with flexible current probe - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Measure AC voltage using Clamp meter
ed
2
2 Plug the red probe into the VΩmA port.
bl I
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3 Turn the rotary function switch to ACV/ voltage
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section as shown in Fig 1.
1
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voltage.
Co
_______
68
TASK 2 : Measure DC voltage using Clamp meter
ed
_______
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TASK 3 : Measure AC current using Clamp meter
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1 Follow the steps 1 to Step 2 in task 1.
6
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5
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Co
7
3 Determine the current to be measured in AC or DC.
4 Select the required range of the ampere range.
5 Turn on the Clamp meter.
6 Determine the Phase conductor in cable and separate
the cables.
7 Check the Jaws. The Current flow direction will be
showing as shown in Fig 6.
_______
ed
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9
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ish
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be @
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Jaw.
3 Select the required range of the DCA range.
Co
10
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Voltmeter 0-15V MC - 1 No • Connecting leads flexible - as reqd
• Voltmeter 0-300 MC - 1 No • Test prods - 2 Nos
Equipment/Machines
• Lead Acid Battery 12V - 1 No
PROCEDURE
Checking battery terminals
ed
1 Connect test leads to the MC voltmeter of 15V FSD. 4 Result : Is the pointer deflects normally to indicate the
voltage of the battery?.
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2 Touch one test lead from the +ve terminal of the
pu M
ish
voltmeter firmly on one of the terminals of the battery If your answer is 'Yes' go to step 5.
and the other test lead from the negative terminal of If your answer is 'No' the pointer deflects in the reverse
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the voltmeter on the other terminal of the battery for direction (ie) showing less than zero voltage. Go to
just a while.(Fig 1). step No.7.
be @
3 Observe the deflection of the pointer of the MC 7 If the deflection is reverse and the pointer kicks
voltmeter. backward, do not try again.
_______
71
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.2.30
Electronic Mechanic - Basic Electricity
Requirements
Equipments Materials
• Lead acid battery 6V - 1 No • Connecting cables - as reqd
• Lead acid battery 12V - 1 No • Test prods - 1 set
• MC Voltmeter 0-15V - 1 No
PROCEDURE
1 Read and record the name plate details shown in a 4 Identify the Ampere hour capacity and record it in the
given lead acid battery (Fig 1). Table -1.
5 Repeat this procedure for other battery.
1
6 Show the readings to your instructor and get his
ed
approval.
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Table 1
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Name plate details
Manufacturer Name: .................................................
be @
Type: .........................................................................
Model : ......................................................................
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2 Identify the rated output voltage and record it in the Rated output volage: .................................................
Table -1. Ah Capacity: ..............................................................
No py
_______
72
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.2.31
Electronic Mechanic - Basic Electricity
Measure the voltages of given cells / battery using Analog / Digital Multimeter
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• measuring the voltage of the given battery using Analog Multimeter
• measuring the voltage of the given cells using Digital Multimeter.
Requirements
Tools / Equipments/ Instruments Materials/components
• Digital Multimeter Probe - 1 No • Lead acid battery 6V/12V 100Ah - 1 No
• Analog Multimeter with probe - 1 No • 1.5V/3.3V battery - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Measuring the voltage of the given battery using Analog Multimeter
ed
2 Insert the red probe in the “V” or “+” jack as shown
bl I
in Fig 1.
pu M
ish
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1
be @
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t t rig
3 Set the multi meter to V-, V---, DCV, or VDC as • The meter readings is approximately 24 V DC as
shown in Fig 2. shown in Fig 4.
2
4
73
5 6
7 Make sure the probes have good contact with ends. 10 Note down the reading.
8 You can use your fingers to press the metal tips of 11 Get the work checked by the Instructor
the probe to the battery. Given battery Voltage -----------------------(V)
9 Check your Analog voltmeter reading as shown in
Fig 6.
_______
ed
TASK 2 : Measuring the voltage of the given cells using Digital Multimeter
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1 Plug the black probe into the COM port on your
ish
3
multi meter as shown in Fig 1.
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1
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Co
ed
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be @
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_______
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Co
Requirements
Tools/Instruments • Lead acid battery 12 volts - 1 No
• Lamp Bank (240V, 1KVA) - 1 No
• Voltmeter 0-15V MC - 1 No
• DPIC 16A - 1 No
• Ammeter 0-10A MC - 3 Nos
• Hydrometer - 1 No Materials
• High rate discharge tester - 1 No
• Distilled water (450ml) - 1 Bottle
ed
Equipment/Machines • Petroleum jelly - as reqd
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• Sandpaper - as req
• 12V Battery charger
pu M - 1 No
ish
• Test leads with crocodile clips - 1 pair
• Low voltage DC power
• Hydrogen peroxide - as reqd
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supply (0-3V) 10A - 1 No
• Clips - 1 pair
• Variable resistor 10 ohms,
5A capacity - 2 Nos
be @
o ht
PROCEDURE
t t rig
2 Unscrew all the vent plugs and check the level of the
electrolyte.
76
11 Disconnect the battery when fully charged. Fit the
vent plugs, clean the outer surface with wet cloth.
Apply petroleum jelly to the terminals.
12 Check the battery for its working voltage under load
using a high rate discharge tester for a short period.
(Fig 3).
ed
Do not keep a high rate discharge tester for a
10 Observe the voltage of each cell of the battery and long period, say more than five seconds.
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specific gravity of the electrolyte at regular intervals
ish
(say ONE hour).
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Remove the vent plug to enable the gas to
escape.
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Table 1
t t rig
SP V SP V SP V SP V SP V
Co
_______
1 Form the circuit as shown in Fig 4. 3 Check the level of the electrolyte and top up.
4 Check the specific gravity and voltage of each cell and
record, before charging, in Table 2. (Prepare a blank
table as shown in Table 1).
5 Connect the given batteries in series with the lamp
bank as per Fig 4.
6 Adjust the current rating through the lamp bank..
7 Set the lamp bank to produce the determined value of
the initial charging current.
ed
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_______
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ish
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TASK 3 : Charge a battery by constant potential method.
be @
1 Form the circuit as shown in Fig 5. 4 Read and record the voltage, current and specific
gravity at regular intervals in Table 3. (Prepare a blank
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Conclusion
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_______
1 Form the circuit as shown in Fig 6. 5 Read and record, the curent voltage and specific
gravity at regular interval say one hour in Table 2.
4 Check the specific gravity and voltage before 9 After discharge, recharge the battery immediately.
discharging.
Table 2
ed
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1 Hr
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2 Hrs
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3 Hrs
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4 Hrs
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5 Hrs
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6 Hrs
Co
7 Hrs
_______
Requirements
Tools/ Equipments/Instruments Materials / components
• Trainees tool Kit - 1 Set • Lead acid battery 6V/12V 100 Ah - 1 No
• Hydrometer - 1 No • Distilled water 500 ml - as reqd
• MC voltmeter (0-15V) - 1 No • Petroleum jelly - as reqd
• Multimeter with Probe - 1 No • Cleaning cloth - as reqd
• Cleaning brush 2 inch - 1 No
• Goggles - 1 No
• Gloves
ed
- 1 No
• Baking soda - as reqd
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PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Check the battery type voltage and current rating
be @
Caution: Always wear the necessary protective 2 Check the battery type, voltage and current rating
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clothing when working with a battery, especially and note down the details in Table - I.
gloves and safety glasses. 3 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
t t rig
Table - 1
Co
_______
80
TASK 2 : Inspection of the battery
1 Examine the outside appearance of the battery. 6 Many battery problems are caused by dirty and
loose connections.
2 Check the battery covers and rack should be clean.
• Look closely for loose or damaged parts
3 Any fluid in and around the battery may be an
indication that elctrolyte is spilling 0r leaking out. • Battery cables should be intact. Broken
or frayed cables can be extremely hazard
4 Keep the terminals and connectors clean.
ous.
5 Check cabels, clamps, and housing for obvious
7 Tight all wiring connections.
damage or loose connections.
8 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
_______
1 Discount all loads from the batteries. 3 Check the rate of charge as mentioned in the Table II
2 Measure the Voltage using Digital multimeter. 4 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
Table - II
ed
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Open - Circuit Voltage
Percentage of
pu M
Specific gravity
ish
Charge corrected to
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6V 8V 12V 24V 36V 48V
be @
_______
1 Open the vent caps and look. 5 Once charging is completed, open the vent caps
and look inside the cell.
2 Check the electrolyte inside the battery electrolyte
level. If low fill with distilled water (never refill with 6 Add water until the electrolyte level is 1/18” above
electrolyte). the cells...
Green = No water is required. 7 A piece of rubber can be used safely as a dipstick to
help determine this level.
Clear or White = Water is required Fig 1.
8 Clean, replace, and tighten all vent caps.
3 If necessary add enough water to cover the plate.
9 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
4 Put batteries on a complete charge before adding
any additional water.
_______
1 Check that all vent caps are tightly in their place. 6 Coat the battery with grease made for high tem-
peratures as shown in Fig 2.
2 Clean the battery top with a cloth or brush or a
solution of baking soda and water.
2
3 Clean with water and dry with a clean cloth.
ed
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Note: When cleaning do not allow any clean-
pu M
ish
ing solution or other foreign matter to get in-
side the battery.
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4 Remove the connectors from the battery terminal by
be @
_______
Requirements
Tools / Equipments Materials
• Lead acid battery 12V, 60 Ah - 1 No • Distilled Water 500 ml - 1 Bottle
• Battery charger 12V - 1 No • Concentrated sulphuric acid - 200 ml
• Hydrometer - 1 No • Clean Jar for mixing 1 Ltr.capacity - 1 No
• MC voltmeter 0-15V - 1 No
• MC Ammeter 0-5A - 1 No
PROCEDURE
1 Unscrew all the vent plungs and check the level of the 5 In a fully charged lead acid cell the specific grav
electrolyte. ity of the electrolyte should be 1.28 at room tem
ed
perature of 70° to 80° F.F.
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Don’t clean the battery top surface keeping the
ish
vent plugs open . The accumulated dirt may
fall inside the cells and form sediments. to about 1.150 the cell can be taken as fully dis
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charged.
2 Insert the hydrometer inside the battery. 7 Connect the battery charger with lead battery (Fig 2)
be @
3 Pump the electrolyte upto reference mark. 8 Every one hour measure the specific gravity and
4 Check the initial specific gravity of the electrolyte record it in Table 1.
o ht
of each cell using hydrometer as shown in Fig 1 9 Repeat the steps 7 & 8 for 4 more hours and
and record it in Table 1. record the value in Table 1.
t t rig
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Co
83
Table 1
SP SP SP SP SP
ed
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ish
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Co
Test a battery and verify whether the battery is ready for use or needs
recharging
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• test a battery and verify whether the battery is ready for use
• verify whether battery needs recharge.
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• High rate discharge tester - 1 No • cotton waste - as reqd
• Hydrometer - 1 No • Test leads with crocodile clip - 1 Pair
• MC voltmeter 0-15V - 1 No
Equipment/Machines
• Battery lead acid type 12V - 1 No
PROCEDURE
ed
TASK 1 : Test a battery and verify whether the battery is ready for use
bl I
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ish
1 Measure the cell voltage and battery voltage with a 7 If all the above test results are satisified, then the
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voltmeter. battery is ready for use.
2 See whether each cell voltage is 2.6V.
be @
_______
_______
85
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.3.36
Electronic Mechanic - Measuring Technique
Use the multimeter to measure the various functions (ACV, DCV, DCI, ACI, R)
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• select and connect proper coloured test prods in the multimeter
• select the right position of the function switch for the type of voltage or current being measured
(AC/DC)
• set the multimeter to the right measuring range, using the selector switch
• connect the multimeter to the measuring object/circuit
• measure the voltage or current using the multi-scale in the dial
• make voltage and current measurements observing the necessary safety rules
• select the resistance range, set the zero ohm position and measure the resistance.
Requirements
Tools and Instruments Materials
• Multimeter with test prods - 1 No • D.P.S.T knife switch 16A 250V - 1 No
• Long nose pliers 150mm - 1 No • Tag board - 3 Nos
• Tweezer 150mm - 1 No • Resistor 1/2 Watt 200 ohms, 680 ohms,
• Soldering iron 25 W,230V - 1 No 1.5K,3.3K,4.7K and 330K - each 1 No
• Nipper pliers 150mm - 1 No • Resistor 27 ohms 5 W, 2K ohms
ed
• Combination pliers 200mm - 1 No 1 W, 6.8 ohms 20 W - each 1 No
bl I
• Solder sucker • Resistor 15 ohms 10 W, 15K
pu M - 1 No
ish
1/2W 150 ohms 2 W - each 2 Nos
Equipment/Machines
• Resin cored solder 60/40
Re NI
- 20 grams
• Auto-transformer having input • SPST knife switch 16A with
0-220V AC, and output 0-270V/5 A - 1 No fuse arrangement - 2 Nos
be @
PROCEDURE
No py
1 Prepare the resistor board using tag board and resis- 2 Collect a multimeter.
tors as shown in Fig 1 and connect with the supply
through the fuse and SPST knife switch. Identify and investigate the use of the function
switch, range switch, dial marking and the
terminals before using the meter. However, Fig
2 is for a particular make multimeter given for
your guidance. If you are using a multimeter for
the first time, it is always better to read the
instruction manual thoroughly atleast twice
before using the meter.
86
5 Plug the black test lead in the common jack and the red 9 Observe the position of the pointer on the dial. If the
test lead in the positive jack. pointer deflects less than mid -scale, set the multimeter
range selector to the next lower range and so on, till
Some multimeters are provided with separate you get a reading just mid-scale or preferably beyond
female jacks for various measurements. Check mid-scale but within full scale.
and use proper jacks for D C.
Remember, if the percentage error is 3% for the
6 Connect the multimeter to the resistance board as full scale deflection at the middle of the scale,
shown in Fig 1. the error goes to 6% and for 1/4th scale
deflection the error shoots up to 12%. Hence it
Ascertain the supply polarity with respect to is advisable to get the reading somewhere
the meter polarity. between the centre of the scale to full scale to
have a lower error in the measurement.
7 Switch on the power supply.
8 Observe the pointer deflection of the meter. 10 Observe the selected voltage range and read the scale
of the meter and record them in Table 1 against the
If the needle deflects reverse, switch 'off' the column O-A.
voltage source and interchange the testing 11 Determine the multiplying factor and record it in
lead connections at the measuring points. Never Table 1.
disconnect the testing leads at the measuring
instruments. 12 Determine the actual value and record it in Table 1.
TABLE 1
DC voltage measurement
ed
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Sl Measuring Selected voltage Multiplication Measured Actual voltage
No. points range factor (M.F) value (M.Value) M.Value x MF (volts)
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1 O-A
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2 O-B
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3 O-C
t t rig
4 O-D
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5 O-E
6 O-F
Co
SPECIAL TASK : Common procedure for voltage and current measurements to read the multi-scale dial
The formula and the example given below will clarify this statement
Formula
ed
Actual quantity = Multiplying factor x No. of divisions shown by the pointer
bl I
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ish
Setting of Range selector switch
Setting of range selector switch =
Re NI
Total divisions on the scale
Actual quantity =
Total divisions on the scale
Example - ( Figs 2 & 3)
o ht
13 Switch 'off ' the supply. 17 Follow the same procedure given in steps 13 to 16 for
measuring voltages between the points O-C, O-D,
14 Change the range selector switch to a suitable (next
O-E and O-F.
higher) range.
18 Show the readings to your instructor and get his
15 Connect the multimeter between the points O and B.
approval.
16 Read the voltage between the points O and B and
record in Table 1.
1 Use the resistance board of Task 1 and connect the 5 Repeat the working steps 9 to 18 as in Task 1 and enter
same with AC supply as in Fig 2. the values in Table 2.
2 Set the function switch to AC position.
TABLE 2
ed
AC voltage measurement
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ish
Sl Measuring Selected voltage Multiplication Measured Actual voltage
No. points range factor (M.F) value (M.Value) M.Value x MF (volts)
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1 O-A
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2 O-B
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3 O-C
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4 O-D
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5 O-E
Co
6 O-F
_______
TASK 3 Measurement of Direct current using a multimeter
1 Prepare the resistance board using the tag board with Before using the multimeter to measure the
resistors as shown in the circuit. (Fig 5). current, find out the DC ranges of the currents
2 Form the circuit with 12V DC supply as shown in Fig 5. to be measured and ensure that the circuit
current is well within the available range of
meter.
ed
TABLE 3
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DC current measurement
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ish
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Sl Measuring Selected current Multiplication Measured Actual current
No. points range factor (M.F) value (M.Value) M.Value x MF (Amps)
be @
1 O-A
o ht
2 O-B
t t rig
3 O-C
4 O-D
No py
5 O-E
Co
6 O-F
-------------
TASK 4 Measurement of Alternating current using a multimeter
4 Make connections to the multimeter and resistance
Only certain types of multimeters will have the
board as shown in Fig 6.
facility of measuring alternating current. Check
whether the multimeter supplied to you has
Fig 6
this facility. If it does not have the facility, do
not attempt to measure alternating current by
your multimeter. If it has the facility, proceed as
stated below.
TABLE 4
Alternating current measurement
1 O-A
2 O-B
3 O-C
-------------
ed
Do not keep the ends shorted for a long time, to
resistors as shown in Fig 7.
avoid draining of the batteries. Before measuring
bl I
pu M the resistance of the resistor which is (inlaid) in
ish
the circuit, see that the power supply to the circuit
Re NI
is switched off. In the case of circuits having
electrolytic capacitors, they should be discharged
be @
position.
t t rig
1 O-A
2 O-B
3 O-C
4 O-D
-------------
ed
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ish
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No py
Co
Requirements
Tools and Instrumentss • Multimeter - 1 No
• Multi-range voltmeter
• Voltmeter 0 - 300 V MC - 1 No
MC 0-75, 150, 300 & 600 V - 1 No
• Ammeter MI 0-15 A panel board type - 1 No
• Multi-range voltmeter
• Ammeter 0 - 5A MC - 1 No
MI 0-150, 300 and 600 V - 1 No
• Ohmmeter-shunt and series type - 1 each
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identify the types of instruments (AC/DC) and their functions from the dial marking
ed
1. Record your response in Table 1.
bl I
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2 Identify the functions of instruments by referring to the
ish
symbol on the dial. (Figs 1 & 2).
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Co
93
TABLE 1
ed
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ish
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No py
Co
ed
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ish
Re NI
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No py
Co
ed
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ish
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No py
Co
ed
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ish
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10
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Co
11
Figs 12
ed
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ish
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be @
4 Identify the working position, accuracy (error of 5 Further identify the given instruments from the
indication), type and function of the instruments in laboratory and fill up the details in Table 3.
o ht
Figure 1
Figure 2
Lab instrument
Lab instrument
Lab instrument
Identify the different controls on the CRO front Panel and Observe the function
of each control
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• identify the different controls on the CRO front Panel
• observe the function of each front panel control.
Requirements
Tools and Instruments Materials / components
• Front panel marked CRO - 1 No Note: The data sheet can download from the internet
as your CRO type and mark the label.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identify the different controls on the CRO front panel
ed
bl I
2 Check the availability of the front panel control
pu M
ish
identification shown in the Fig 1 and note down name
of the controls in Table I.
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be @
Fig 1
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Co
_______
99
Table I
ed
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Co
Table II
1 Power on
2 Intensity
3 Focus
4 Time base
6 Hold Off
7 ⇔ Position / x5
8 Level
ed
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9 Auto / Norm
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ish
10 Int/ Ext
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11 Line
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12 TV
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13 +/-
t t rig
14 CH1/CH2
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15 HF Rej
16 ac / dc
Co
17 SWP / X-Y
18 0.2, 1KHz
19 Positions Ú
20 AC/DC/ Gnd
21 EXT / TRIG
23 TRACE
24 CH1/CH2 ATTENUATOR
25 VERTICAL MODES
a. ALT/CHOP
e. CH2 INV
_______
ed
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Measure VDC, VAC, time period using CRO sine wave Parameters
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• identify the controls of cathode ray oscilloscope
• measure D.C. voltage (VDC)
• measure the P.P. values of AC voltage (VP-P)
• measure the time period of a sine wave parameters.
Requirements
Equipment/Machines Materials
• DC power supply 0- 30 V, 1 A - 1 No • Probes for oscilloscope - 1 set
• 5 MHz oscilloscope single beam type - 1 No • Dry cell 1.5 V - 1 No
• Transformer 240/12 V 200 mA - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : To identify the respective functions and adjustments of switches and knobs in an oscilloscope
ed
1 Observe the front panel of the CRO which may look 4 Set the switches and controls as indicated below
bl I
similar to the diagram in Fig 1.
Intensity - off
pu M
ish
Time - 10m sec/ division
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Horizontal position - centre
Attenuator (V/Div) -5V
Focus - centre
be @
1 To measure the voltage of the Dry cell, set the attenuator 3 Observe the trace on the screen. It will be observed
to 0.5 V / div. that the trace will move up by 3 divisions from the
centre line indicating the voltage is positive.
2 Connect the black (ground) prod to the negative end
and the red prod to the positive end of the dry cell as The magnitude of the emf of the cell is given by 3 div
shown in Fig 2. x 0.5 V/Div = + 1.5 volts.
103
4 Now reverse the leads, the trace will move down by 3
divisions indicating the voltage is negative and again
the emf of the cell = 3 x 0.5 = -1.5 V.
5 Set the attenuator to 5V/Div.
6 Instead of a dry cell use the regulated DC power supply
(0-30V) and repeat steps 2 to 4 and record the obser-
vations in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Trial No Power Supply Attenuator No. of Divisions No. of Divisions Voltage measured
voltage in volts position moved up moved down in CRO
ed
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TABLE 2
Trail No. Attenuator switch No. of divisions counted Peak to Peak RMS voltge
range volts / Div peak to peak voltage
1 2 3 4 5
ed
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_______
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1 After measurement of P-P voltage in Task 3, turn the 3 Count the no. of divisions horizontally for one complete
time base vernier (1) (refer Fig 1) to cal position. cycle and record the same in tabular column (3).
Co
ed
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ish
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Identify the different controls on the function generator front panel and observe
the function of each controls
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• identify the different front panel control in function generator
• identify the different rear panel connectors available in function generator
• observe the function of each front panel control in function generator.
Requirements
Tools / Equipments/ Instruments Materials / Components
• Front panel marked Digital Note: The data sheet can download from the internet as
Function Generator - 1 No your digital Function Generator Type and mark the label.
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identify the different controls on the Function generator front Panel
ed
1 Pick the labelled Function Generator from the table.
1
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2 Check the availability of the front panel control
ish
identification shown in the Fig 1 and note down name
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of the controls in Table I.
3 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
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Table - I
Co
10
107
Label No. Front PanelControls Name
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
ed
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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TASK 2 : Identify the different rear panel connectors available in function generator
ed
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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Table-III
1 POWER ON
2 USB host
3 Mode Key
4 Menu Keys
5 Sine Wave
ed
6 Square wave
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7 Ramp wave
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8 Pulse wave
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9 Noise wae
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10 Number keys
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11 Trigger control
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12 Output control
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13 Knob
14 Display
15 Direction Keys
16 Mode / function
17 Sys Output
18 Sweep
19 Burst
20 Utility
_______
110 Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.3.40
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.4.41
Electronic Mechanic - Soldering & Desoldering
Requirements
Material/Components Tools/Equipment/Instruments
• Lug board (Code No.103-06-LB) • Soldering iron 60w - 1 No
• Single strand wire(hook-up-wire) - 1 meter • Trainees kit - 1 No
• Solder - 25 gms • Cleaning brush, 1/2inch - 1 No
• Soldering flux - as reqd • Mini transformer - 1 No
• Eletrician knife - 1 No
• Electronic components as available - as reqd
Note:
ed
1 Use any lug board from market.but similar to that
shown in fig 5,
bl I
pu M 2 The cleaning brush shall be retained by the trainees
ish
as a part of trainees tool kit
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PROCEDURE
be @
1 Keep ready the soldering iron for soldering. 5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 and tin all the lugs on the lug
board. Get the tinned lugs checked by the instructor
o ht
knife such that,the oxide layer/varnish is removed. 1cm. Tin the exposed conductor.
Wipe the lugs with a piece of dry cloth.
7 Insert and bend the tinned wire in lug 1 hole as
No py
3 Apply a thin layer of flux on the outer face of the lug shown in Fig 2. (side entry method)
as shown in Fig 1a.
Co
ed
Use flat nose plier to lay the wire.
bl I
NOTE : Excess of flux may corrode the lugs.
pu M
ish
15 Get your work checked by the instructor.
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16 Solder different electronic components and small
transformer similarly by following the steps 3 to 8.
be @
_______
Requirements
Tools / Equipments Materials
• Soldering Iron, 25W - 1 No • General Purpose PCBs (GP board - 1 No
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • IC base (4 pin or 8 pin) - 1 No
• Soldering stand - 1 No • Soldering Wire - as reqd
• Flux - as reqd
• Soldering Wick - as reqd
• Soldering tip clear sponge - as reqd
PROCEDURE
ed
1 Clean the tip as shown in the Fig 1.
3
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1
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4
2 Tinning the tip as shown in Fig 2.
Co
113
7 If any pin damage replace with another IC base. 10 Turn the GP board to back side and solder the IC base
as shown in Fig 8.
8 Find the first pin of the IC base as shown in Fig 6.
8
6
ed
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Requirements
Tools and Instruments Materials
• Soldering iron, 25W - 1 No • De-solder wick - as reqd
• Trainees tool kit - 1 No • Cleaning solution - as reqd
• De-solder pump - 1 No • Flux - as reqd
• Tooth Brush - 1 No
• Safety goggles - 1 No
• Safety gloves - 1 No
• De-soldering PCB board - as reqd
PROCEDURE
ed
TASK 1 : De-soldering using de-solder pump method
bl I
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ish
1 Locate the de-soldering component to be removed in 4 Clean the soldering iron tip as shown in Fig 3.
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PCB as shown in Fig 1.
3
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1
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115
9 Apply the flux on the soldered pad as shown in Fig 8.
5
9
6
ed
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8 Empty the de-soldering pump into the trash as shown 11 Get work checked by the instructor.
be @
in Fig 7.
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7
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ed
2
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ish
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be @
shown in Fig 3.
9 Discard the used section of wick.
Co
_______
Requirements
Tools / Equipment / Instruments Materials /Components
• Trainees tools kit - 1 Set • Broken PCB - 1 No
• Soldering iron 25 watts - 1 No • Epoxy tube - 1 No
• Knife - 1 No • Emery cloth /paper - as reqd
• Tweezer - 1 No • Magnifying glass - 1 No
• Multimeter with probe - 1 No • Solder flux, resin core, solder Cleaning
solvent (IPA), Sponge - as reqd
• Tooth brush - 1 No
PROCEDURE
1 Identify the broken track on PCB using magnifying 7 Clean the hot soldering tip by wiping it on a wet sponge.
ed
glass as shown in Fig 1.
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Make sure that all the dirt and oxidation re-
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ish
1 moved from the tip.
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8 Apply a fresh “tinning “ coat on the soldering tip as
shown in Fig 2.
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2
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6 Plug the soldering iron into socket outlet and wait for 10 Cut a long piece of 18 gauge copper wire to span cut
a while to get hot. trace and tin these short lengths of wire with resin core
solder.
118
11 Pick up a piece of tinned wire with the tweezers and
3
place it carefully across one of the traces where you
removed a loose section.
12 Touch the soldering pencil’s tip to the top of wire lying
across the gap until it fuses to copper trace on the
board.
13 Repeat this steps for the remaining wires.
14 Reassemble the device and test it to see if it works
properly.
15 Get your work checked by the instructor.
_______
ed
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ish
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Identify and use SPST, SPDT, DPST DPDT,tumbler. push button, toggle , piano
switches used in electronic industries
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• identify SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT TUMBLER, push button toggle and piano switches
• test all above switches.
Requirements
ed
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PROCEDURE
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ish
Assumption : A set of switches mentioned in
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The instructor shall arrange different types of
switches collected from store for identification this exercise are to be displayed on the work
and uses of switches. bench. Trainees are required to identify the
be @
Table I
Co
On Mode off-Mode
(1) SPST
(2) SPDT
(3) DPST
(4) DPDT
(5) Tumbler
(7) Toggle
(8) Piano
120
1 SPST 2 SPDT
3 DPST DPDT
4
ed
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Tumbler 6 Push button
5
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Make a panel board using different types of switches for a given application
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• draw a schematic diagram to show one electric bell controlled by one push button switch on the panel board.
• fix different types of switches on the panel board
• wire the cable on the panel board according to the wiring diagram
• connect the cables in the accessories
• test the circuit.
Requirements
Tools / Instruments Materials
• Screw driver 150mm - 1 Set • Wooden Panel Board available
• Cutting pliers 200 mm - 1 No in the section - 1 No
• Hand drilling machine with 3mm/ • Bell push switch 6A,240V
4 mm drill bit each one - 1 No (Surface Mounting) - 1 No
• Electrician Knife - 1 No • Electric bell 240V - 1 No
• Side cutting plier - 1 No • Wood Screws - as reqd
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • SPST - 1 No
ed
• Try square 150mm - 1 No • SPDT - 1 No
• Poker 200 mm • DPST
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- 1 No - 1 No
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ish
- 1 No
• Toggle switch - 1 No
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• Piano switch - 1 No
be @
PROCEDURE
o ht
2 Collect the calling bell, SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, 8 Get it checked by the instructor.
tumbler switch, bell push switch, toggle switch and
piano switch. If it is incorrect make necessary changes.
3 Place the switches and calling bell on the panel
board to suit the technical aspects. 9 After getting the approval of the instructor connect
the main supply and test the circuit.
4 Mark the position of switches on the panel board as
per the given layout. 10 Connect other switches for different applications
and get the formed circuit checked by instructor.
5 Fix the switches and calling bell on the panel board.
6 Prepare the end termination of the cables. Insert
them into respective switches.
7 Give connections to Bell Push switch and Electric
bell as per connection diagram mentioned in Fig 2
and test it.
122
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.5.47
Electronic Mechanic - Active and Passive components
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments • ICs (Integrated Circuits) - 1 No
• UJT (Unijunction Transistor - 1 No
• ESD table - 1 Set
• FET (Filed Effect Transistor ) - 1 No
• ESD Gloves - 1 Set
• DIAC - 1 No
• Magnifier lens - 1 No
• TRIAC - 1 No
Materials / components • SCR (Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) - 1 No
• Bridge diode - 1 No
• Diode - 1 No
• All the Components Data sheet - 1 No
• Zener diode - 1 No
• Transistor /BJT (Bipolar
Junction Transistor) - 1 No
ed
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Note: The data sheet can download from the
pu M
ish
internet as per your components manufacture.
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PROCEDURE
TASK 1:: Identify the different types of Active electronics components by referring to the pictorial representation
be @
b
code Number, Lead identification marks as
well as related data sheets are available.
t t rig
123
d e
f g
ed
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i
h
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1 A
2 B
3 C
4 D
5 E
6 F
7 G
8 H
9 I
10 J
ed
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ish
3 Get the work checked by the Instructor
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_______
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Measure the resistor value by colour code and verify the same by measuring
with Multi meter
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• measuring the resistor value by colour code
• measuring the resistor value by multi meter.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials/components
• Digital Multi meter with Probe - 1 No • Assorted types & fixed value colour
code resistors
(4 band, 5 band, 6 band) - Each 5 nos
• Bread Board - 1 No
• Crocodile teeth connector - 1 Set
PROCEDURE
TASK 1: Measure the Resistor value using Colour code
ed
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1 Take a colour coded resistor from the given lot.
pu M 1A. 6 Band Resistor
ish
2 Check the resistor colour codes find the type of
Re NI
band resistor and note down in the Table - I
3 Identify the colors of bands starting from one end of
be @
126
3A. 4 Band Resistor 2
Table - I
ed
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1 Take a colour coded Resistor from the given lot . 4 Plug the red probe into the VΩ mA port as shown in
2 Place the Resistor in the Table. Fig 2.
3 5
ed
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Table - II
Co
_______
Requirements
Materials/Components
• Assorted types & values of fixed
value resistors - 20 Nos
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identify different types of resistors
1 Take a resistors from the given lot and observe its 6 For the same resistor, refer Chart 2 and check for
physical appearance. Identify type name and record physical damages, if any, on the body of the resistor.
it in Table 1. Record the identified defect code.
ed
2 Observe physical size of each resistor, get the help of 7 For the same resistor, check for clear visibility of colour
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instructor to know wattage rating of each size. bands or printed resistor value on the body of the
ish
resistor. Tick the appropriate statement in Chart 1.
3 Repeat step 1&2 for the remaining given resistors.
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8 From the conditions of the resistor noted in Chart 2.
4 Get the work checked by the instructor.
give your conclusion about the usability of this resistor
be @
Table - 1
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Visible
Not visible
Visible
Not visible
Visible
Not visible
Visible
Not visible
129
CHART 1
ed
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Strong NECK JOINT & SL
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no WEAK POINTS (Strong Leads)
----- FIT
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CHART 2
eled off
Skin coating peeled SPE Value might have deviated UNFIT
_______
Requirements
Materials/Components
• Carbon resistors - as reqd
• Trainees tools kit - 1 set
PROCEDURE
Note: A set up different types sizes and ratings 2 Measure the sizes of carbon resistors.
of carbon resistors as shown in the figure to be 3 Note down the power rating of carbon resistors.
displayed on the work bench.
4 Write your above findings in the Table.
1 Identify the types of carbon resistors.
ed
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pu M Table
ish
Carbon Resistors
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S No. Type Size Power Rating in W
Watt Remarks
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131
6
ed
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4
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Requirements
Tools / Instruments Equipments / Materials
• Electrician tool kit - 1 Set • DC 0-150V Variable voltage supply
• MC Ammeter 0 -1A - 3 Nos source with current limiting
• MC Voltmeter 0-150V - 1 No facility 0-1A - 1 No
• MC Voltmeter 0-100 V - 3 Nos
Materials
• Rheostat 25 Ohms 1A - 1 No
• Rheostat 40 Ohms 1A - 1 No • SPT switch 6A,250V - 1 No
• Rheostat 60 Ohms 1A - 1 No • Connecting cables - as reqd
• Rheostat 300 Ohms 1A - 1 No
• Multimeter as available - 1 No
ed
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PROCEDURE
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ish
TASK 1 : Verify the characteristics of series and parallel combinational circuits.
Re NI
1 Form the circuit as shown in Fig 1. 3 Calculate the total resistance RT and total current
be @
133
Table-1
VS = 50VΩ
Calculated Values
R1 = 25Ω
R2 = 300Ω
R3 = 40Ω
Measured Values
R4 = 60Ω
Table-2
ed
Measured Vs
RT = =
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Is
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ish
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be @
Table-3
R2 ||
o ht
VS = 50VΩ
No py
Calculated Values
R1 = 25Ω
Co
R2 = 300Ω
R3 = 40Ω
Measured Values
R4 = 60Ω
Table-4
Measured Vs
RT = =
Is
Requirements
Tools/Instruments/Equipment Materials
• Trainees kit - 1 No • Resistors 1K - 4 Nos
• Variable DC power supply • Resistor 2.2K - 1 No
unit 0-30V/1A - 2 Nos • Resistor 3.3K - 1 No
• Milliammeters 0 - 10 mA - 3 Nos • Resistor 4.7K - 1 No
• Milliammeters 0 - 30 mA - 1 No • Lug board - 1 No
• Toggle switch, SPST ,1amp - 2 Nos
• Patch cords - as reqd
ed
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Verify the Kirchhoff’s Current Law with two branch currents
be @
135
12 Switch OFF SPST and PSU. 14 Verify the equation substituting measured current
values.
13 Write Kirchhoff’s current equations for the nodes P
and Q.
TABLE 1
12 V
9V
TASK 2 : Verify the Kirchhoff’s Curent law with three branch currents
ed
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1 Make circuit connections on the lug board as per the
pu M Make it a practice to keep the SPST and PSU
ish
schematic in Fig 2.
switches in the OFF position while making
Re NI
circuit connections.
TABLE 2
12 V I
1 Measure and record in Table 3, values of resistors R , 4 Get the circuit connections and polarities marked,
4
R5 and R6 soldered on the lug board. checked by the instructor.
2 Make the circuit connections as shown in Fig 3. 5 Switch ON PSU and set output to 12V. Switch ON
SPST. Following the voltage polarities marked across
3 Mark the polarity of the voltage drops across resistors
the resistors, measure and record the voltage drop
R , R and R in the copy of Fig 3.
4 5 6 across resistors R , R & R in Table 3.
4 5 6
6 Switch OFF SPST and PSU.
7 Write Kirchhoff’s loop equations for the closed paths
a-c-d-b-a, a-e-f-b-a and c-e-f-d-a. Substitute the voltage
readings recorded in Table 3 in the equations for
verification.
8 Get your readings and equations checked by the
instructor.
TABLE 3
ed
Settle circuit Measured the value Voltage meaured across
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voltage
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ish
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_______
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1 Modify the circuit connections made in Task 3, to 3 Set the output of PSU-1 to 12 volts and PSU-2 to 6
obtain a circuit as shown in Fig 4. volts.
4 Switch ON both SPSTs. Following the voltage polarities
Keep both the PSU’s and the two SPST’s in OFF
marked across the resistor, measure and record the
position while making circuit connections.
voltage drop across the resistors R , R & R in
4 5 6
Table 4.
2 Mark the polarity of the voltage drops across the
resistors R , R and R in the copy of Fig 4.
4 5 6 Note: While measuring voltage across resistor,
if the meter deflects below zero, recheck the
polarity marked at step 2 and repeat step 4.
_______
Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.5.52 137
TABLE 4
_______
ed
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Verify laws of series and parallel circuits with voltage source in different com-
binations
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• verify laws of series circuits in different combinations
• verify laws of parallel circuits in different combinations.
Requirements
Tools/Instruments/Equipment Materials/components
• RPS (0-30 V) - 1 No • Resistors (0.5 watts) 1K,1.5K
• MC Voltmeter (0-10 V) - 2 Nos 6.8K - each 1 No
• MC Voltmeter (0 - 30 V) - 1 No • Connecting wires - as reqd
• MC Ammeter (0 -500 mA) - 1 No • Bread board - 1 No
• Digital multimeter - 2 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Verify laws of series circuits in different combinations.
ed
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1 Arrange the apparatus as per the circuit diagram in
ish
Note: The value must be kept constant
bread board as shown in Fig 1.
throughout the test by connecting Voltmeter
Re NI
across the voltage supply in the circuit to ob-
serve the voltage.
be @
in Table - I.
2 Connect the circuit with help of connecting wires.
Co
Table-1
V (volt) VT=
Ι (mA) IT=
139
TASK 2 : Verify laws of parallel circuits in different combinations
1 Arrange the apparatus as per the circuit diagram 4 Determine the zero error and least count of the
in Bread board as shown in Fig 2. Ammeter and Voltmeter and record them.
5 Get the work checked by the Instructor
6 Switch ON the power supply.
7 Set the voltage to 10V in RPS.
8 Record the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter
in Table-II.
9 Repeat the steps 1 to 7 for different voltages (5V,15V).
Table-2
ed
VT=
Ι (mA)
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ish
V (volt) IT=
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10 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
be @
_______
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Measure the resistance, voltage, current through series and parallel connected
network using Multimeter
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• measure the resistance in series networks using Multimeter
• measure the resistance in parallel networks using Multimeter
• measure the voltage in series networks using Multimeter
• measure the voltage in parallel networks using Multimeter
• measuring the current in series networks using Multimeter
• measuring the current in parallel network using Multimeter.
Requirements
Tools/Instruments/Equipment Materials/components
• RPS (0-30 V) -1 No • Resistors (0.5 Watts) 10K - 3 Nos
• Digital multimeter - 2 Nos • Resistor (0.5 Watts) 4.7K - 1 No
• Resistor (0.5 Watts) 12K - 1 No
• Connecting wires - as reqd
• Bread board - 1 No
ed
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ish
PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Measure the resistance in series networks using Multimeter
1 Plug the black probe into the COM port on your multi 3 Turn the multi meter knob to the Resistor/Continuity
be @
Fig 1 Fig 3
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141
Fig 4B 11 Connect the third 10 resistor in series of the second
10K resistor as shown in Fig 5C and read the value in
multi meter and note down the Table-I.
12 Use the different resistor connect in series, measure
the resistance and note down the value in Table-I.
Fig 5
ed
Table I
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S.No RI (Kilo ohms) R1+R2 (kilo ohms) R1+R2+R3 (kilo ohms)
pu M
ish
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networks.
4 Place the multi meter probes on both end the resistors.
3 Place the one 10K resistor in bread board as shown
in Fig 1B. 5 Read the value of the resistor indicated in multimeter
as shown in Fig 2A.
A 6 Connect the second 10 K resistor in Parallel of the first
10K resistor as shown in Fig 2B and read the value in
multimeter and note down in the Table-II.
7 Connect the third 10 resistor in parallel of the second
10K resistor as shown in Fig 2C and read the value in
multi meter and note down in the Table-II.
Fig 2
Fig 1B
Table II
ed
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S.No 1/RT=1/R1 (Kilo ohms) 1/RT=1/R1+1/R2 1/RT=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3
pu M
ish
(kilo ohms) (kilo ohms)
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_______
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Fig 4
ed
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pu M 10
ish
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15
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20
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in Fig 6.
_______
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Co
10
15
20
_______
ed
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ish
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2 Give the connection as per the circuit diagram with
be @
5 Plug the black probe into the COM port on your multi-
meter as shown in Fig 2.
No py
Fig 2
Co
Fig 5
15
20
_______
Task 6 : Measuring the current in parallel network using multimeter
1 Arrange the apparatus as per the circuit diagram in 7 See the multimeter display and note the current
Bread board as shown in Fig 1. shown in multimeter in the Table-VI.
ed
8 Repeat the steps 6 for all other resistors and note
bl I
down the voltages in Table-VI.
pu M
ish
9 Get the work checked by the Instructor.
Re NI
10 Set the different voltages and note down the reading
in Table-VI.
be @
Table-VI
o ht
15
20
_______
Identify different Inductors and measure the values using LCR meter
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• identify different types of Inductors by their appearance
• check the physical and electrical condition of inductors
• measure value of inductance using RLC bridge and Digital LCR meter.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials/Components
• Trainees kit - 1 Set • Assorted types and values of inductors - 6 Nos
• Inductance measurement • Hook up wires - as reqd
bridge of any type - 1 No./batch
• Digital LCR meter - 1 No./batch
PROCEDURE
1 Take any one inductor from the given assorted lot.
ed
Identify the type name, symbol and record it in If necessary solder hook up wires at the
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terminals for ease of connecting the inductor
Table 1.
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across the test terminals. Use minimum lead
2 Check for any of the physical defect as listed below in length for connection as this length will add up
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the inductor. Record the observed defect(s) if any. value.
A Conductor broken in the winding.
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3 Measure and record the resistance across the inductor connect it across the Digital LCR meter after setting
terminals. the Digital meter for inductance measurement. Record
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the inductor is defective. Consult your instruc- Procedure for Instrument set up and
tor. measurement is not given due to various
varieties of Digital Meters used in different
4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 for atleast 5 to 10 more inductors. training institutes.
5 Get your work checked by your Instructor. 11 Compare the measured value of the inductor using
6 As demonstrated by your instructor, carry out necessary LCR bridge and digital LCR meter. Record the
settings on the given LCR bridge to measure Inductance difference in Table 1. Discuss reasons for difference
of an unknown inductor. Use internal 1KHz AC source in reading (if any) with your instructor.
of the bridge for inductance measurement. 12 Repeat the steps above and measure inductance of
atleast five different types of inductors and get your
Since training institutes have different types of
work checked by the instructor.
LCR bridges, and as each bridge has its own
specific type of controls/switches/jumpers,
procedure for setting up of bridge and
measurement are not given here.
147
Table - 1
Inductance value
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Multi layer ceramic inductors Film inductor
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Variable inductor
_______
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials/Components
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • Paper capacitors - as reqd
• Multimeter - 1 No • Electrolytic capacitors - as reqd
• Plastic film capacitors - as reqd
• Ceramic capacitors - as reqd
• Mica capacitors - as reqd
PROCEDURE
ed
TASK 1 : Identify different capacitors by physical appearance and note down their specifications
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Assumption: A set of capacitors mentioned in
this exercise are to be displayed on the work
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bench trainees are required to identify the
capacitors and write the specification in the
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table.
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1 Identify different capacitors by physical appearance and note down their specifications.
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1 Paper capacitor
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2 Electrolytic capacitor
4 Ceramic capacitor
5 Mica capacitor
150
PAPER CAPACITORS ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
ALUMINIUM TYPE
D
MF F
68 C 1μ C
0.0 0VD D
60 0V
10 μ F
47 μ F +
60
+
35V
2200 μ F + +
+
25V
METALLIZED TYPE +
100 μ F
2μ F
25V + +
6V
100V
87 DB +
(sealed in metal tube)
PAPER TUBULAR RANGE: 0.005 - 2 μ F
RANGE: 0.0001 - 2 μ F
+
1μ F +
MP F
2 μ 0V
MP 08/8/630/2 60
8μ F+ -- 10%
630V
G8/630/40/ DIN 41197
TANTALUM TYPE
HPF 560-14/MPJ
25° / + 85°C 9.75 H
BATHTUB TYPE WET TYPE POLARISED
RANGE: 0.05 - 2 μ F 100 μ F
25V
DCWV: 600 VOLTS
+
+
+
+
3.3 μ F +
75V +
CERAMIC CAPACITORS
DRY TYPE POLARISED
DISC
+22
33 33 35V +15
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02 .0015 10% 10% 0.5MFD
X2 35V
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2. 5V
2
μ
3
F
+
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35V
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TUBULAR PIN - UP
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022
63 TC/K
1
0.0 V =
400
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022
FEED - THROUGH FLAT 63
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27P
MICA CAPACITORS
STAND - OFF
10P STACKED MICA
RANGE: SPF - 10,000PF
SILVERED MICA
RANGE: 5PF - 0.01 μ F
DCWV: 500 volts
MONOLYTHIC CHIP BUNDELED TUBE
_______
Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.5.56 151
TASK 2 : Measure capacitance of various capacitors using LCR meter
ed
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_______
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Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Cutting plier 150mm - 1 No • 10W 1Ω wire wound variable
• Screw driver 150mm - 1 No resistor - 1 No
• 5KΩ 1W fixed resistor - 1 No
• Electrician knife 100mm - 1 No • Push button switch - 1 No
• Wire stripper 150mm - 1 No • Water Rheostat /Lampbank - 1 No
• MI Ammeter (0-10A) - 1 No
• MI Ammeter (0-100mA) - 1 No
Equipments/Machine
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• MCB 240 V/16 A, 2 pole
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- 1 No
•
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MCB 440 V/32 A, 3 pole
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- 1 No
• ELCB 240 V/25 A, 2 pole
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with tripping current 30mA - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
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1 Collect MCB from instructor and read its specification 2 Wire up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram as
given on it (Fig 1). shown (Fig 3).
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Fig 1
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153
3 Switch on the main supply 5 Press the test switch and vary the variable resistance
and note the current.
4 Close the switch S1 and operate the water rheostat or
lamp bank till the Ammeter. A reads about 5A current 6 Record the current at which the MCB trips off………
_______
1 Collect the ELCB from your instructor and read its 2 Wire up the circuits as shown in the circuit diagram as
specification given on it (Fig 2) shown in diagram 3
3 Switch on the main supply keeping the MCB and
ELCB in ON position
4 Close switch S1 and operate the water rheostat lamp
bank till the ammeter. A reads about 5A current
5 Press the test switch and vary the variable resistance
and note the leakage current and record...
6 Record the leakage current or which the ELCB trips
off..................
ed
7 Test the ELCB for trip function by operating the test
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ish
button is pressed
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_______
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Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • PVC flexiable cable 14/0.2mm - 5 meter
• Multimeter - 1 No • PVC Insulated copper cable
4sq.mm - 5 meter
Equipments/Machine
• Electro mechanical relay - 1 No
PROCEDURE
ed
TASK 1 : Identify the parts of a electro mechanical relay and draw its wiring diagram
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1 Pick up an electro mechanical relay and record its 4 Record the specifications of the relay coil.
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lable number.
5 Identify the number of contacts.
2 Dismantle the relay.
6 Find the rated operating voltage of the relay.
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8 Assemble the relay and test for its operation (Fig 2).
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Fig 2
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_______
155
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.5.59
Electronic Mechanic - Active and Passive components
Connect a timer relay in a circuit and test for its working
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• connect and test the timer relay using IC 555.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • Bread board - 1 No
• Multi meter - 1 No • 555 Timer IC - 1 No
• Resistor 10K - 2 Nos
Equipments/Machine • Resistor 560Ω - 1 No
• RPS (0-30V) - 1 No • Variable resistor 100K - 1 No
• Capacitors 100nF, 0.01 nF - Each 1 No
• Diode 1N4004 - 2 Nos
• LED - 1 No
• Transistor BC548 - 1 No
• Toggle switch - 2 Nos
• 12V Relay - 1 No
• 1KΩ
Resistor 1K - 1 No
ed
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Connect and test the timer relay using IC 555.
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1 Check the given Bread board. 7 Place the capacitor in their locations.
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correct polarity. +12V (or) trigger on low and 0V. Connect the switch
with wire to its Bread board.
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_______
156
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.5.60
Electronic Mechanic - Active and Passive components
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Combination pliers 200mm - 1 No • PVC insulated cable, 2.5 sq.mm
• Screwdriver 150mm - 1 No 650 V grade - 10 m
• Connector screwdriver 100mm - 1 No • Magnetic contactor, 3-phase
• Electrician’s knife - 1 No 20 A, 230 V - 1 No
• Round nose pliers 150mm - 1 No • 'ON' and 'OFF' push button stations,
• Multimeter - 1 No having one (normally closed) and one
• Voltmeter 300 V, AC - 1 No (normally open) contacts in each set - 1 No
• Ammeter 500m A, AC - 1 No • Test lamp 40 W, 230 V - 2 Nos
• Electrical drilling machine 6mm - 1 No • Laminated boards of size 200mm.
(L) X 150mm. (B) X 3mm. (T) - 3 Nos
Equipment/Machines
ed
• Machine screws 2 BA 25mm long with
• Dimmerstat/auto-transformer/variac two washers and nuts - 10 Nos
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230 V/(0-270V)
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PROCEDURE
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1 Inspect visually the given contactor. Schematic diagram given in Table 1 is for a
2 Identify the mounting holes for fixing screws. particular contactor. The contactor given to
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4 Identify the parts like protective housing, contact sup- rate the new numbers/letters by the side of the
ports, main and auxiliary contacts, no-volt coil, arma- given numbers or otherwise draw a new sche-
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Outgoing terminals
___________ 21 & 22 _______
___________ 13 & 14 _______
Under manually
closed condition
1 & 2.... _______
ed
3 & 4.... _______
5 & 6.... _______
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13 & 14... _______
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2 No-volt coil a&b
Resistance
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value____ ohm
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3 Terminals of Voltage
‘No’ volt coil rating
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__________ _______
__________ volt.
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TABLE 2
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Sl. Applied voltage Voltage Condition: Remarks:
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No. across the no- rating of Write about the Write about
volt coil the no-volt holding of no- the observed
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coil volt mechanism noise etc.
1 100V
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2 125V
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3 150V 230V
4 175V
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5 200V
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6 225V
7 250V
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_______
Requirements
Tools/Instruments/Equipments Materials
• Trainees Kit - 1 No • Bread board - 1 No
• CRO Dual trace - 1 No • Resistor 300 Ω - 1 No
• Multimeter - 1 No • Capacitor 2 nf - 1 No
• Power Supply (0-60V) - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : construct and test RC-time constant circuit
ed
1 Check the resistor by using multimeter.
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2 Check the capacitor by using multimeter.
ish
3 Assemble the components as per the circuit dia-
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gram.
4 Connect the power supply as per circuit diagram.
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_______
160
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.5.62
Electronic Mechanic - Active and Passive components
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Trainees kit - 1 No • Bread board - 1 No
• CRO dual trace - 1 No • Resistor 1.5 KΩ, 1/4W - 2 Nos
• Capacitor 10 nF - 2 Nos
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : To test the RC differentiator circuit
ed
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1 Check the given bread board.
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2 Check the components by using mutimeter.
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3 Place the components as per circuit diagram.
4 Connect the CRO in the circuit.
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voltage VS time.
_______
161
ed
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Requirements
Materials/ Components Tools/ Equipment/ Instruments
• General purpose Lug board - 1 No • Trainees kit - 1 No
• Capacitor 0.1 μF - 1 No • CRO, 20 MHz - 1 No
• Inductor coil, around 40mH (Use • Function generator - 1 No
the solenoid coil made in unit 5) - 1 No
• Unknown value Inductor - 1 No
• LED with holder - 1 No
• Hook-up wires - as reqd
ed
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Determine the resonance frequency of a given LC series circuit
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1 Measure and record the inductance of the coil.
LED may not be glow or may be very dim,
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2 Solder the components as shown Fig 1 to obtain a because the set frequency of 1 KHz may not be
simple series resonance circuit. Connect instruments the resonance frequency of the circuit.
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as shown in Fig 1
5 Increase the frequency gradually and record the
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The LED inthe circuit is to get a visual indication resonance frequency for at which the circuit current
of the current through the circuit at different becomes maximum (LED glows brightly)
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frequencies.
This is the resonance frequency of the series
resonance circuit because at series resonance
Co
163
TASK 2 : Determine the resonance frequency of a given LC parallel circuit
ed
3 Knowing the values of L and C, calcualte and record resonance frequency and in each step record the
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the resonance frequency of the parallel resonance value of circuit current.
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circuit.
8 From the recorded readings of current in step 6, plot a
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4 Set the output of the signal generator to 4Vrms and graph of frequency verses current and mark the
frequency to 1 KHZ. Record the current I through the resonance frequency of the LC parallel circuit.
circuit.
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_______
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Requirements
PROCEDURE
5 As done in step 4, find and record the following
Assumption: A set of different types of diode
specifications of the picked diode from the data book
are to be displayed on the work bench. Trainees
are required to identify the diodes IF or If - Maximum average forward current
VF or Vf - Forward voltage drop at specified IF
ed
1 Pick up any one of the given assorted diodes record
the type, number printed on the diode in the Table 1 IS - Maximum forward surge current
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2 Refer diode data book and search for the type number IVT - Maximum reverse current at VR
of the picked diode
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Function normal use/application of the diode
3 In the row the identified diode type number in data
The coding used for function differs from data book to
book check for the column which indicates material or
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given diodes.
• If code or Si is printed it means the material used for
making the diode is silicon. 7 For the diodes and its identified specifications recorded
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165
166
Table 1
Diode specifications and equivalents
Label Type number Material Rated Peak Maximum reverse Maximum average Forward voltage Maximum forward Symbol
No printed on Si/Ge/Se/ reverse current @ VR Ivr forward current drop @ IF VF surge current IS
diode Others voltage VR IF
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Test the given diode using Multimeter and determine forward to reverse
resistance ratio
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• read the code printed on the diodes
• identify the type of package
• identify the diode terminals from the marking on them
• determine the forward to reverse resistance ratio of diodes
• identify good/bad diodes.
• identify the diode bridge module and terminals.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Trainees kit - 1 No • Assorted types of diodes - 20 Nos
• Multimeter/Ohmmeter - 1 No • Diode Bridge - 5 Nos
• Red colour sleeve wire - 10 cms each
• Patch cords - as reqd
ed
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Identify Diode package and terminals
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1 Pick any one diode from the given assorted lot. Record 3 For the chosen diode referring to Chart 1, identify and
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the code number printed on the diode in Table 1. put a small red colour sleeve over the anode terminal
of the diode.
2 For the chosen diode, identify and record the type of
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package (such as glass/plastic/ceramic/metal etc.). 4 Repeat step 1 to 3 for atleast 5 diodes of different types
and get your work checked by the instructor.
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_______
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167
- In good diodes, resistance will be less than 100 - Shorted diodes show zero or very low resistance
ohms in one direction and very high or almost in both directions.
infinity/open in the other direction. In the worst
- Open diodes shows infinity/open in both directions.
cases the ratio between low to high resistance
could be at least 1:1000. 6 Repeat step 2 to 4 for atleast ten more given diodes of
different types.
_______
1 Pick a diode from the assorted diodes. 3 Repeat the same for different styles of diode packages
2 Identify its packaging style and record in Table 1.
Table - 1
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_______
1 Pick a diode bridge. 3 Identify the input and output terminals by referring data
manual and record it on Table 2.
2 Record the code no in Table 2.
Label Number Code Number printed on the DIODE Bridge Type of package
ed
_______
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Measure the voltage and current through a diode in a circuit and verify its
forward characteristics
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• measure the voltage and current through a diode in a circuit
• verify the forward characteristics of a diode.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Trainees kit - 1 No • Tag board - 1 No
• Regulated PSU, 0-30V, 1A - 1 No • Semiconductor diodes,
• DC milliammeter, 0-500 mA - 1 No 1N4007 or BY127 or equivalent - 1 No
• DC micro-ammeter, 0-10 μA - 1 No • Lamp, 6V, 300 mA - 1 No
• DC milli-voltmeter, 0-1000 mV - 1 No • Suitable type Lamp-holder - 1 No
• Multimeter - 1 No • Resistor, 470Ω, 1/2 W - 1 No
• Hook-up wires, Red, Black - 0.2m each
• Patch cords - as reqd
ed
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Measure the voltage and current through a diode in a circuit.
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170
Measure Vd using multimeter in 10V range.
12 Switch OFF power to the circuit. Get your readings
checked by the Instructor.
TABLE 1
Diode Type number : __________
Forward resistance of diode : __________Ω
Reverse resistance of diode : __________Ω
Lamp resistance : __________Ω
Table 2
Type of diode Status of lamp Drop across Diode current Drop across Behaviour of diode (diode
biasing Glows/OFF diode V volts I mA lamp V volts as a switch (OFF/ON)
d d L
Forward
Reverse
ed
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_______
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TASK 2 : Verify the Forward bias characteristics of a diode
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1 Form the test circuit as shown in Fig 3. 2 Get the neatness of your wiring checked by the in-
structor.
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values of If.
4 Switch OFF the PSU. For each set of recorded values
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GRAPH : Forward characteristics
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_______
Requirements
Tools/Instruments • Berry type transformer - 1 No
• Step up transformer 115/230 V - 1 No
• MI Voltmeter (0-300) V - 2 Nos
• Step down transformer 230/115 V - 1 No
• MI Ammeter (0-10) A - 1 No
• Auto transformer IP 240 V
• MI Ammeter (0-100) mA - 1 No
OP (0-270) V, 5A - 1 No
• Ohmmeter (0-500) Ω - 1 No
Materials
Equipments / Machines
• Cotton Waste - as reqd
• Core type transformer - 1 No
• Shell type transformer - 1 No
ed
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Identify different types of transformers
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1 Identify different types of transformers by physical
Assumption: A set of different types of trans-
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column.
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Table 1
173
Name of the Tansformer Diagram
ed
7 Poly phase transformer
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8 Step up transformer
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10 Ideal transformer
11 Auto transformer
_______
174 Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.6.67
TASK 2 : Identify different types of transformers
1 Find out the corresponding terminals of a step down 4 Check and set the auto transformer at zero volt output
transformer by using a ohmmeter. position.
2 Determine HT and LT windings by measuring resis- 5 Switch on ‘S2 and adjust the auto transformer to get the
tance with the ohm meter. output voltage V1 = 100 Volts and read V2 and record
the value in Table -2.
LT winding will have low resistance
The output voltage of the auto transformer
Record resistane of both pair should be adjusted to about 50% of the rating
1st Pair ohms. This is HT/LT winding of the HT side.
2nd Pair ohms. This is HT / LT winding 6 Set the V1 value for the values indicated in Table 2 and
3 Connect the auto transformer and voltmeters to the record the corresponding readings of V2 in Table 2
transformer as shown in Fig.1
Table 2
S No. V1 V2
1 100 V
2 125 V
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3 150 V
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4 200 V
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5 230 V
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ed
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Berry Type Transformer
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_______
Identify the Primary and Secondary Transformer windings and test the polarity
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• read and interpret the name plate details of single phase transformer
• find out the polarity of the transformer.
Requirements
Tools/Instruments
• MI Voltmeter (0-300) V - 2 Nos
• Ohmmeter (0-500) Ω - 1 No
• MI Ammeter (0-10) A - 1 No
• MI Ammeter (0-100) mA - 1 No
• Push botton switch - 1 No
• 12 V battery - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identify the primary and secondary winding of a transformer.
ed
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1 Find out the corresponding terminals and two wind- 2 Determine HT & LT winding by measuring resistances
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ings (HT & LT) with ohm meter as shown in Fig 1 by with the ohmmeter.
checking the continuity
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LT windings will have low resistance;mark ac-
cordingly.
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_______
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_______
178
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.6.69
Electronic Mechanic - Rectifiers
Construct and test a Half-wave, Full wave and Bridge rectifier circuit
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• construct a and test half-wave rectifier
• determine the output DC voltage
• measure voltage levels
• measure waveform parameters using CRO
• construct and test a full wave rectifier
• construct and test a bridge rectifier.
Requirements
Tools and Instruments • Step-down transformer, (Center,tap)
240V 24V 500mA - 1 No
• Trainees kit - 1 No
• Multi strand wire, Red, Blue 23/0.2
• Oscilloscope, 20 MHz, dual trace - 1 No
of 250V grade - as reqd
• MC Voltmeter 30V - 1 No
• Bread board - 1 No
• Multimeter - 1 No
(Laminated board 30x15x3mm)
• Soldering iron 25W/240V - 1 No
• Mains cord 3 core cable
Materials/Components 23/0.2 of 250V grade - 1 No
ed
• Tug board General purpose 5 points - 1 No • Nuts, bolts and washers - as reqd
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• 3 pin plug 5 A 250 V - 1 No
• Diode 1N4007
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ish
• Resistor 470W - 1 No • Resin core solder 60/40 - as reqd
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PROCEDURE
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1 Test the continuity of the primary and secondary 2 Referring to Fig 1 follow the order of steps given below;
windings of the given transformer. Exchange, if found
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TABLE 1
- Mount the rectifier diode on tag board by soldering
Co
I Transformer specifications
- Solder the wire connection and the three core
1 Type of transformer power cord as shown in Fig 1.
2 Rated primary voltage 3 Connect AC mains to the board and switch ON mains.
3 Rated secondary voltage Measure and record the mains voltage and trans-
4 Type of core former secondary voltage VS(rms) (AC input to rectifier)
5 Rated secodary current in the Table 1.
II Experimental details 4 Calculate and record the expected DC voltage across
1 Main supply voltage Vrms load RL using the formula,
2 Secondary voltage V(rms) Vrms Vdc = 0.45 Vs(rms)
(input to the rectifier) where, VS(rms) is the AC input to the rectifier.
3 Expected DC output Vdc volts
5 Measure and record the rectified DC voltage Vdc across
4 Measured DC output Vdc volts load RL using multimeter.
5 Difference of (3) and (4) volts
6 Record the difference in the calculated and measured
6 Peak value of input Vs(peak) volts values. Get it checked by the instructor.
7 Frequency of input signal HZ
7 Connect the two channel input, probes of the CRO as
8 Peak volume of pulsating shown in Fig 2. Set the volt/div and time/div of CH-1
DC Output volts and CH-2 such that the two waveforms are seen
9 Frequency of pulsating clearly.
DC output HZ
179
ed
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8 From the displayed waveforms on the screen, meas-
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- Frequency of VS
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_______
2 Construct a full wave rectifier circuit as shown in the 1 Rated primary voltage --------
schematic and layout diagram at Fig 3.
2 Rated Secondary voltage
3 Switch ‘ON’ the circuit. Measure the AC input voltage between centre tap and one end --------
V s(rms) to the rectifier across the center - tap and anyone
3 Rated Secondary current or VA
end of the transformer and record it in Table 3.
rating transformer --------
4 Calcualte the expected DC voltage Vdc across load RL
using the fornula given below;
ed
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Table 3
Readings of two-diode Full wave rectifier
Vs(rms) Calculated Measured Difference of Peak value Frequency Peak value of Frequency
Vdc Volts Vdc Volts (2) & (3) of Vs of Vs pulsating Vdc pulsating Vdc
1 Modify the two diode full wave rectifier wired in Task 1 5 Record the difference in the calculated and measure
to construct a bridge rectifier, referring to the schematic values in Table 4. Get it checked by your instructor.
and layout diagrams shown in Fig 4.
6 Using a CRO measure and record the following
2 Switch ON the circuit. Measure and record the AC parameters in Table 4.
inputV s(rms) to the rectifier in Table 4.
- Peak value of Vs.
3 Calculate the expected output DC voltage V dc across - Frequency of Vs.
load RL using the formula, in a bridge rectifier. - Peak value of the pulsating Vdc.
- Frequency of pulsating Vdc.
Vdc = 0.9Vs(rms) where, Vs(rms) is the AC input to the
- Waveforms of output and input voltages.
rectifier (refer Fig 4). Record the value in Table 4.
7 Show the waveforms and recorded readings to your
4 Measure the DC output V dc across the load RL and
instructor before switching OFF mains supply and
record it in Table 4.
CRO.
ed
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Table 4
Readings of Bridge Rectifier
Vs(rms) Calculated Measured Difference of Peak value Frequency Peak value of Frequency
Vdc Volts Vdc Volts (2) & (3) of Vs of Vs pulsating Vdc pulsating Vdc
Measure ripple voltage, ripple frequency and ripple factor of rectifiers for
different load and filter capacitors
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• determine value of C for a given load current
• wire and test a full wave bridge rectifier with capacitor- input filter
• measure the ripple factor at different loads.
• measue the ripple voltage at different loads
• measure the ripple frequency at different loads.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Trainees kit - 1 No • Bread board wired full wave bridge
• CRO, dual trace, 20 MHz - 1 No rectifier - 1 No
• DC Ammeter (0-500 mA) - 1 No • Hook-up wires (red and black) - as reqd
• Digital Multimeter - 1 No • Resistors, 470Ω, 5Ω and
220Ω, 5W - 1 each
• Electrolytic capacitor - as reqd
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PROCEDURE
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1 To construct bridge rectifier assuming a load current, where, f is the supply frequency in Hz, 50Hz
IL of 80mA, calculate and record the value of filter
C is capacitance in μFarads
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2 Choose a standard value capacitor close to the calcu- To find % ripple factor (% r), multiply calculated r by 100.
lated value of C in step 1. Get it checked and approved
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3 Collect the capacitor and insert it on the bread board using the formula,
as shown in Fig 1. Connect (0-500) mA ammeter as IL
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1 2887
r= (For full-wave rectifier) or r =
4 3 fR C RC
L L
183
7 From the measured values using CRO, calculate and record 9 Get your readings checked by the instructor.
the values of Vdc and % ripple factor r using the formula;
10 Change the value of load resistor RLfrom 470Ω to
V 220Ω, 5W and repeat steps 1 to 9.
r(p – p)
Vdc = Vout(peak) –
2 When 220Ω is connected as load, the load current will be
Vr(rms) V approximately, 34V/220W= 154mA. Hence, at step 1,
r(p – p)
%r = x100 where, Vr(rms) = take 160mA as load current to calculate the value of C.
V dc 2 3
8 Compare and record the difference in Vdcmeasured
using meter (at step-5) with the calculated value of Vdc
using Vout(peak) and Vr(p-p) (at step 7).
ed
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Using meter Using CRO From CRO readings
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Difference Difference Difference
Load inV using in calculated in calculated
I V V V V V V dc
L dc out(peak) r(p-p) r(p-p) r(rms) dc and mea- and found
RL Ω
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470 Ω
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220 Ω
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Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Trainees kit - 1 No • Assorted types of zener diodes - 20 Nos
• Power supply, (0-30V) ,1A - 1 No • 12V, 400mW, Zener diode, 1Z12
• DC milliammeter, (0-50 mA) - 1 No or equivalent - 1 No
• Digital Multimeter - 1 No • Resistor 47Ω, 1/2W - 1 No
• Resistors, 2.2K, 1K, 820Ω - 1 each
• Zener diode data book - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
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1 Take one of the given zener diodes. Record its label
number and the component code number in Table 1.
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– Maximum power dissipation, PZ(max) 10 From the recorded readings in Table 3, calculate and
record the resistance RZ of the zener, and power
– Zener current, IZ dissipated PZ for each set of reading taken.
– Resistance of zener in zener mode, RZ 11 Get your recorded readings checked by the in-
– Type of package structor.
5 Get your work checked by the instructor. 12 Switch ON PSU. Set VIN to 25 volts. Measure and
record the no-load VOUT in Table 4.
6 Repeat steps 1 to 5 for atleast five different types of
zener diodes in the given lot. 13 Connect load resistors of values given in Table 4
across the output terminals and in ease case measure
7 Collect a 12 volt, 400mW (min) zener. Quick check its and record IL and output voltage VOUT.
condition, identify and put a yellow sleeve to its cathode.
Switch DC power supply OFF while changing the
8 Wire a test circuit as shown in Fig 1 on a general load resistors.
purpose lug board (Code:103-06-LB).
185
14 Calculate and record the output % load regulation at 15 Get your work checked by the instructor.
different loads using the formula,
16 Disconnect the circuit and return the components.
V –V
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% Load regulation = x100
V
L
Table - 1
Specifications
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Table - 2
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Specifications
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Code Condition Zener Condition Nominal % tolerance Max. Zener Zener Type
No. Code- from zener power current resistance of
number quick test voltage Pz Iz Rz package
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Table - 3
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18 820 Ω
19 560 Ω
20
25
_______
186 Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.6.71
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.6.72
Electronic Mechanic - Rectifiers
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• MC Voltmeter (0-25V) - 2 Nos • Zener diode 10V/ 1W - 1 No
• MC Ammeter (0-100mA) - 2 Nos • Zener diode (Assorted) - 5 Nos
• Digital Multimeter - 1 No • Resistors, 3K / 1W - 1 No
• Resin Core solder - as reqd
Equipments / Machine
• Hook up wire single stand - as reqd
• Regulated Power supply input • Resistors, 3Ω / 5W - 1 No
240V AC, output (0-30V) DC,1A - 1 No • PC Board, General Pattern - 1 No
• Diode data manual - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Identify the polarity of Zener diode and check its condition
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1 Take one of the given zener diode. 4 Refer diode data manual and record the specifications
of the zener diode under test in Table 1.
2 Check and record the working condition of the zener
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identify and mark the cathode terminal of the Zener. 6 Get your work checked by the instructor.
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Table - 1
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Specifications
_______
187
TASK 2 : Use a Zener diode as a voltage regulator
1 Construct the zener regulator circuit as shown in Fig 1 3 Switch ‘ON’ the power supply to the circuit and increae
the current by adjusting the potential divider R until the
2 Set the power supply to 15 volts.
ammeter (A2) reaches 20 milli-amperes.
4 Measure the supply voltage V1 and voltage across the
load V2. Measure the total current A1, and record in
Table 2.
5 Determine and record the range or variation of V2.
(Input voltage) over while V2. (Output voltage) remains
constant with in ± 0.1V of its value measure the
variation of A2 and A1 within this range and record in the
Table 2.
Table 2
Voltage Regulator
V2 20
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V2 = + 0.1V
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V2 = - 0.1V
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Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
PROCEDURE
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The values of zener diode and the resistor will
have to be calculated by the trainee in this
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exercise before collecting them.
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1 To design a simple zener regulator to be connected at
the output of the bridge rectifier with the filter wired on
the breadboard. The required output specifications of
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- Load current :
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2 From the design calculations and referring to the diode 7 Test and record the regulated output voltage VOUT at
data book, identify at least two types of zeners match- No-load, 50% of rated full load and at 100% rated full
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189
Observation & Tabulation Sheet
50%
100%
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Requirements
Hardware and software
• Computer - 1 No
TASK 1 : Identify different controls, ports and connectors on the system unit cabinet
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the system unit shown in (Fig 2)and the train-
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ees will make a record of it in Table 1 and 1
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Table 2.
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Fig12
Fig 3
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4
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5
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6
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10
Fig 3
Fig 2 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
191
Table 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Chart 1
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40 pin FRC male connector To connect MB with HDD
located on M/B
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located on M/B
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D-25 pin male connector
ishSerial port (Comport)
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the USB device
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Table 3
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1 13
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3 15
4 16
5 17
6 18
7 19
8 20
9 21
10 22
11 23
24
Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Screw driver set - as reqd • Sticking labels for marking
• Digital Multi-meter - as reqd cables & connectors - as reqd
Equipments
• Desktop PC with mouse & keyboard - as reqd
• Extra SATA and PATA Hard-Disk
Drive compatible cables - as reqd
ed
• In PC along with one PC along with one set of • All the cables internal to system unit (processing
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I/O devices will be used for demonstration by unit) should be labelled along with (From - TO)
instructor
ish and male - female connectors are also to be la-
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belled by same code with suffix "F"&"T"
• Two PCs each with one set of I/O devices and
extra SATA HDD with cable, extra PATA DD with • All major components inside the processing unit
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cable and one extra CD ROM drive / DVD ROM like - HDD, CD R/W drive, DVD R/W drive, CPU
drive with cable, will be used by two groups of processor, ROM BIOS etc to be labelled.
trainees (each group of maximum 20 trainees
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PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identification of various drives and secondary storage devices in a PC
1 Remove cover of the system unit 4 Identify connection point at mother board for SATA
HDD, PATA HDD, CD R/W drive, and DVD R/W used
2 Observe hard disk drive type either SATA or PATA and
in desktop PC
its capacity, power connection cable, its voltage col-
umn colour code at cable with voltage supply used. 5 Identify different type cable connections used for dif-
ferent drive.
3 Identify desktop PC HDD, CD-R/W drive & DVD -
ROM drive, its connections for both type SATA and 6 Identify polarity of connector to avoid wrong connec-
PATA hard disk drive and its connection using straight tion.
cables, cross cable for making it primary master ei-
7 Fix the cabinet, switch on supply and check the sta-
ther, primary slave or secondary master / slave using
tus of computer.
suitable data cable.
197
Fig 1 Fig 2
Fig 3 Fig 4
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Fig 5 Fig 6
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Requirements
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One PC along with one set of I/O devices will
be used for demonstrating by the instructor.
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•
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Two PC’s each with one set of I/O devices
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will be used by two groups of trainees(each
group not exceeding a maximum of ten
trainees)
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PROCEDURE
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steps are for the trainees. For this exercise the computer
setup used by the trainees should not be ON unless other
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TASK 1 : Identify the major components, Controls and Ports seen on the processing unit cabinet
A. Instructor will demonstrate the uses of the indicators, • Printer port, keyboard connector, monitor connector
switches, controls and Ports external to the processor
• Speaker socket
unit found on the cabinet of the processor unit as per
the list given below. • Universal serial bus port (USB)
• Mains power-on switch While demonstrating, the following points should be
Highlighted and stressed.
• Power on LED
• Function of each switch
• Reset button
• Function of each LED indicator
• HDD busy LED
• Function of each visible device
• Floppy Disk Drive, Disk eject button, Disk busy
LED • Function of each port
• CD Drive, CD busy/reading LED, controls and • Basic specification of DVD and CD drive
sockets found on the disk drive • Basic symptoms of healthy processor (fan sound,
• Ports for connecting the Mouse and other devices power light, any unusual noise/smell etc)
• Precaution to be taken while using the computer
199
• Precaution to be taken while operating DVD and
CD drives
• Precaution to be taken while handling DVD and CD
• Precaution to be taken while handling and storing
the processor unit
_______
A. Instructor will demonstrate the controls of different I/O While carrying out the demonstration, the instructor should
devices connected to PC as per the list ensure the following points are highlighted,
• The Monitor Precautions to be taken for handling the danger
• The Printer 1 Record the I/O devices connected to the computer
setup given to you
• The Mouse
2 Record the manufacturer, type name and model name/
• The Keyboard
number of the I/O devices connected
• Multimedia speakers
3 Record against each device whether it is an input
• The microphone device or an output device
• The scanner 4 Get the recorded details of the devices checked by the
• The Modem instructor.
ed
• Any other I/O devices available at the time of
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conducting this demonstration.
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Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Screw driver set - as reqd • Sticking labels for marking
• Digital Multi-meter - as reqd cables & connectors - as reqd
• Static charge earthing cable
system - as reqd
Equipments
• Desktop PC with mouse & keyboard - as reqd
• Extra SATA and PATA Hard-Disk
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Drive compatible cables - as reqd
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1: Disabling device or USB device manager
Fig 1
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201
1 Click start menu of windows desktop screen 7 In properties window, select the drivers tab
2 Open control panel in start menu 8 Now click the button of disable for disabling the de-
vice.
3 Select and open device manager
9 Click the OK button on window
4 Now, locate device or port or USB or connector to
enable or disable. 10 Now you can disconnect concerned device connected
to connector
5 After finding the device or port or USB or connector,
select it and make mouse right click on device icon. 11 Check the worksheet by your instructor
6 Select and open the properties of device in right click
menu.
_______
1 Open the cabinet of the desktop PC 4 Remove the cable connectors and check the status
on desktop.
2 Identify the port or USB cable connections on
motherboard by using motherboard diagram. 5 Check the work done by the instructor
3 Unlock if any protection screws are present on cable
connectors
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Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Watch-maker screw driver set - 1 No • Quick guide or manual for motherboard
• Screw driver set - 1 No of P.C. showing diagram & its
components - 1 No
Equipments
• CMOS battery - 1 No
• Desktop P.C. with mouse and • Different types of RAM suitable
keyboard - 1 No to the motherboard - as reqd
• Extra mother board of computer - 1 No • Quick installation guide - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
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quick guide or manual 6 Identify type of socket (socket with upper tab, socket
with lateral, inside socket laying) provided on battery
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Fig 2
Fig 1
203
TASK 2 : Remove the battery
1 Remove or side the wires laying on battery. 3 Gently pull the battery and remove the battery.
2 Draw back the tabs surrounded by battery by using Fig 4
small screw driver or watch maker screw driver. g
Fig 3
Fig 3
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Fig 5
cator.
2 Identify the polarity of socket by using symbol or indi-
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cator.
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4 If it is screw lock tab, hold the lab and make screw the
tab.
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1 Open cover of computer system unit using four head 5 Identify the master and slave RAM slots by printed
screw driver. information or by colour or reference manual.
2 Note the mother board information like type of board, 6 Note each RAM slot maximum capacity.
type of RAM (SIMM/DIMM) either it is DDR1 or DDR2
7 Note the RAM slot information like type of RAM sup-
supporting and front system bus speed etc.
porting and RAM Series (1, 2, 3 etc.).
3 Find the RAM location on motherboard by referring
quick guide or manual. Some slots are supporting two or more series.
4 Note the number of RAM slots available on board.
_______
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Requirements
Tools/Instruments Materials
• Screw driver set - as reqd • SMPS quick installation guide - as reqd
• Anti-static discharge cable - as reqd
• Digital Multimeter - as reqd
Equipments
• Desktop computer system - as reqd
• Extra SMPS of computer - as reqd
PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Test the SMPS
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1 Connect main cord to the main socket & discharge 4 Now pick any four wire DISK DRIVE connector of
your body static charge through antistatic discharge SMPS and test red wire with respect to neutral black
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cable, then open cabinet of CPU Unit using screw wire using digital Multi-meter in DC voltage mode. It
driver. should be +5Volt, if it is OK then measure yellow wire
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SMPS.
5 If both supplies are OK, means SMPS power supply
3 Check fan of SMPS is working or not if it is ok, SMPS
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is in working order.
is in working order.
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Requirements
Hardware • Screwdriver set and anti-static
wrist strap - as reqd
• PC with standard configuration - 3 Nos
• Sticking labels (reusable) - as reqd
• CD/DVD drives - 2 Nos
• Anti static covers - as reqd
• HDD drives - 2 Nos
• One PC to be used for demonstration. • The other two identical PC’s to be used by the two
group of trainees.
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PROCEDURE
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Alphabetized steps are for the instructors.
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TASK 1 : To remove the CD/DVD and HDD from the processing unit cabinet chassis.
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At the time of preparation of this exercise practice sheets, • Identifying the snap on springs of drive cage
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A Demonstrate the procedure for removing the drive • Precautions to be taken while handling the drive
cage consisting of at-least one HDD from the computer cage such that other components mounted inside
cabinet. the processing unit does not get damaged.
While demonstrating the following points should be 1 As demonstrated by the instructor, unscrew the fixing
considered; screws and remove the drive cage slowly& gently
without causing damage both to the drives inside the
• Identifying the mounting type and fixtures used.
drive cage and to other components/boards mounted
• Use of correct tools and danger in case of using inside the processing unit.
wrong tools.
2 Get the removed drive cage checked by the instructor.
• Technique involved in removing the front cover of
the processing unit if found necessary.
_______
207
TASK 2 : To remove the drives from the drive cage
A Demonstrate the technique, tips and precautions to be 2 In each of the drives removed from the drive cage,
taken while removing the drives from the drive cage. identify the connectors/ sockets/ jumpers/ switches
While demonstrating, make the trainees understand found at its back/ rear side. Make a rough sketch the
why a drive is positioned in that place and why not at connectors / sockets/ jumpers/ switches and record
a different place in the drive cage. the number of pins and jumpers/ switch settings.
1 As demonstrated by the instructor, remove all the 3 Identify and record the specifications of the drives
drives taking sufficient care that the drives are not given on the drives.
handled roughly, not dropped or damaged while
4 Get the removed drives, identified connectors/ sockets/
removing.
jumpers/ switches and recorded specifications of the
drives checked by the instructor.
_______
A Demonstrate the procedure and technique of B Issue one additional Hard Disk Drive of such a physical
assembling: size that it can be fitted in the drive cage along with the
existing drives.
• HDD into the drive cage.
• Drive cage into the computer cabinet\chassis While Since the intention of asking the trainees to fix
demonstrating the following points should be the second HDD is only to make them practice
ed
highlighted: the skill of mounting the device in the drive
with respect to front panel. then the trainees can be made to learn the skill
• Checking the stability and firmness of the assembly of formatting the second drive, taking image of
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given to you by the instructor. Take the advice of the fixed on the drive cage. As demonstrated by the
instructor if you are in doubt. instructor, fix the given second HDD with great care
and patience in the drive cage. Make sure that sufficient
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TASK 4: To reassemble the drive cage into the processing unit cabinet/ chassis
A Demonstrate the procedure for reassembling the drive • Any other points specific depending upon the type
cage back inside the cabinet. of cabinet and drive cage.
While demonstrating ensure that stress is made on 1 Slide in the drive cage inside the cabinet as
the following: demonstrated by the instructor.
• Positioning of the cabinet while reassembling the 2 Check if the doors of the CD/DVD drive is in place with
drive cage. the front panel.
• Sliding in the drive cage into the cabinet and locking
Reposition the drive cage if necessary and fix
it in position.
the screw using the correct type of tool.
• Checking the alignment of the CD/DVD drive with
the front panel of the cabinet. 3 Get the reassembled drive cage checked by the
instructor.
• Snap on springs of drive cage .
• Proper fit of the drive cage guide inside the cabinet.
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208 Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.7.80
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.7.81
Electronic Mechanic - Basic Computer
Requirements
Hardware and software • Screw driver set and Allen key
(depending upon the type of
• Identical PCs with labeled ports,
connection cables fixing used with connectors) - as reqd
(could even be dummy) - as reqd • Sticking labels - as reqd
• I/O devices such as Keyboard, Mouse
Monitor, Printer, Multimedia, Speaker,
CD Drive, DVD Drive and Microphone - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Dismantle and assemble
1 Switch off and unplug the power chord from the 5 Remove the SMPS connections to Hard Disk drive,
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PC-CPU. DVD Drive, Motherboard Main Power, CPU Power,
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Cabinet.
i.e. USB connections, Keyboard/Mouse Connections,
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LAN Connection, Parallel and Serial Port 6 Remove the connectors from devices like SATA/IDE
Connections Cables to HDD and DVD, Audio Connectors, Cabinet
Front USB/Audio Connectors.
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Fig 1
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motherboard first and screw it before fixing SMPS.
_______
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Requirement
Equipments/Instruments/Tools
• Desktop PC - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Boot the system using Windows operating system
1 Once you have made all the connection with PC, • Beep sound been heard when a computer get started.
switch ON your system in the following sequence:
• Keyboard lights flashes.
• AC mains.
ed
• Mouse lights glows.
• Stabilizer/CVT/UPS unit (It is recommended to use
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a stabilizer/CVT/UPS)
• CD/DVD/Floppy drive lights flashes(turn green).
• Power switch of the Distribution box.
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Fig 1
American
Megatrends
PC 3200 Single Channel Mode
Checking MURAM
1016 MB OK
211
3 Boot process begin and POST operation will Display Fig 3
On the Screen as shown in (Fig 1)
Fig 2
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TASK 3 : Change the booting order from HDD to CDROM Drive in BIOS
1 First You must start your computer and during the initial Fig 6
booting process display the message shown in
(Fig 6) . Phoenix- AwardBIOS V6.00PG, An Energy Star Ally
Copyright (C) 984-2008, Phoenix Technologies, LTD
2 Press Del or ‘F2’ key on the keyboard to enter in to
CMOS BIOS setup . The BIOS Setup screen Display K98TPV-PLUS-PRO
the startup screen as shown in (Fig 7) Main Processors : AMD Athlogn (tm) XP 3200
CPU Temperature Protection is ON
Entering into CMOS setup by pressing DEL key Memory Testing : 4096000K OK
Memory Clock is 166MGz (DOR333)
is not suitable for all PC. The step for Entering
Detecting IDE Drives
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into the CMOS setup depends on the
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motherboard. Press the correct keyboard com-
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mand for entering into setup display on your
computer.
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06/18/2007-KT440-1523-8E6LY7299C-00
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Fig 7
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Fig 8
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• Setup will display the confirmation message on
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the screen as shown in (Fig 11).
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‘-’ keys.
5 Set CD ROM drive as a first Boot device and Remov
-able device as a second boot device and hard drive
as a third boot devices as shown in (Fig 9).
Fig 9
7 Select "Yes" by moving arrow key and press ENTER
key on the keyboard for save your CMOS.
Configuration changes and exit form setup.
• Now the computer will restart automatically and
ready to boot from CD ROM drive by display a
message for your confirmation as shown in (Fig
12).
8 Press any key to accept boot from CD ROM drive..
• System loads OS from CD ROM drive and starts
working.
9 Get the work checked by the instructor.
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Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments • Operating system CD - 1 No
• A working PC - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Install windows OS on your PC
Enter into CMOS setup • Once setup begins you see a message stating that
setup is inspecting your computer's hardware
1 Power on PC.
Configuration
Prompt message is displayed as follows • Then windows will copy files and continue to start
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Press <DEL> to enter setup setup as shown in Fig 2.
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2 Press <DEL> key
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drive.
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216
Fig 3
Fig 4
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• Partition the disk 8 Use the ARROW keys to select an existing partition,
or create a new partition by selecting the non-parti-
All existing partitions and non-partitioned tioned space
spaces are listed for each physical hard disk
as shown in Fig 5 when you want to create a new partition. You
can also press C to create a new partition us-
If you want to create a partition where one or ing non-partitioned space as shown in Fig(6)
more partitions already exist, you must first
If your hard disk is new one then you need to
delete the existing partition or partitions, and
do a partition and format your hard disk.
then create the new partition. You can move
the arrow keys to select an existing partition
9 Press "Enter" key to create the partition.
press D to delete , and then press L (or press
ENTER, and then press L if it is the System To specify the partition size, type the size in
partition) to confirm that you want to delete the megabytes (MB) for the new partition.
partition. Repeat this step for each existing
partition that you want to include in the new 10 Repeat steps 8 to 9 to create additional partition.
partition. When all the partitions are deleted,
select the remaining non-partitioned space, and
then press C to create the new partition.
Fig 6
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Fig 7
Fig 8
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12 Select the format option by moving the arrow keys
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and press "ENTER":
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Fig 9
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Setup program will now format the partition Next screen showing that your computer
drive and copy the files followed by a restart will restart in 1 minutes.
as shown in Fig 10.
Computer restart with windows XP screen
as shown in Fig 11.
Do not press any key to boot at this point
13 Setup will now ask you to select your language
Fig 11
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14 Move the cursor to US and English click "Next " Tab 15 Select "Next" tab to continue installation.
Enter your name and organization appear on the 16 Type product ID code on the next screen shown in
screen as shown in Fig 12. Fig 13.
12 13
Fig 15
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3 Select the "D" drive and right click the mouse will
display a popup menu as shown in Fig 18.
4 Select "Format" option.
Fig 18
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_______
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• A working PC - 1 No
• Printer with driver CD - 1 No
If you have a laser printer, allow a few inches Install printer driver software according to the
of space on all sides for ventilation manufacturer's instructions given in the CD.
PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Install a Deskjet 6500 series Printer on Windows.
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1 Connect the power cable to the AC mains.
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2 Connect the data cable to the suitable port.
4 Click on the button found at the left
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Fig 1
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6 Take the cursor over and
double click a screen will appear as shown in Fig 2
Fig 2
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7 Click the right mouse button. The following popup 8 Move the cursor over "Add printer" and double click
menu will appear as shown in Fig 3. the mouse. The Following wizard will appear as shown
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in Fig 4.
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Fig 3
9 Click "Next " tab in the Add Printer wizard .
10 Local or Network printer wizard as shown in Fig 5 will
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Fig 5
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11 Select "Automatically Detect and Install My Plug and 13 Click "Next" Tab .
Play Printer option and then click "Next" tab
14 Select printer port wizard which appears on the screen
12 Now the computer will try to automatically detect and as shown in (Fig 7).
install printer driver software . The computer not able
15 Create a new port for your printer or select the default
to detect the software then it will display the Next
printer port given in the Wizard.
wizard as shown in Fig 6.
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Fig 7
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16 Next Install printer software wizards appeared on the 19 Give name of your printer asked in the name printer
screen as shown in (Fig 8) with printer Manufacture's wizard.
name and model of the printer.
20 Select "Yes" to set install printer as a default printer to
17 Look for your printer in the list. your computer.
18 From the list if you find your printer then click "Next" 21 Click "Next" tab.
and proceed to the "Install Your Printer Driver" wizard
shown in Fig 9.
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Fig 9
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Fig 12
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Fig 13
2 Insert the printer driver CD into CDROM drive given
by the manufacturer.
3 Click and select CDROM drive
4 Locate the setup file from CDROM drive
5 Click "OK "tab.
8 Select the type of connection and click "Next" tab. Now software license agreement wizard shown
in Fig 15 display on the screen.
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Fig 15
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9 Accept the licence by click the option . 12 Click " Next" tab
10 Click "Next" tab. 13 Click "Install " tab from the wizard shown in Fig 16.
11 Select the Printer connector type from the Connector
Type Wizard .
Fig 17
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Fig 18
Next wizard shown in Fig 18 will display on
the screen.
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Printer icon
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A Printer dialogue box will be displayed as The printing process will be paused.
shown in the Fig 20. In that dialogue box the
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list of print job(s) and its software and status , 6 Repeat the previous step and select Restart to restart
owner and number of pages, port time and date the printing process.
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is being printed.
7 Select the print job in the list which you want to cancel
printing,
Fig 20
8 Click Document menu in the dialogue box (a pull-down
menu will be displayed) and click on Cancel command
as shown in Fig 21 .
The printing process will be cancelled
_______
Install antivirus software, scan the system and explore the options in the
antivirus software
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• install antivirus software from a disc
• install antivirus software from internet
• scan the system for virus.
Requirement
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• Computer or Laptop with
Windows operating system - as reqd
• CD of antivirus software - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Install antivirus software from a Disc
1 Load the anti-virus CD-ROM into your disc tray and 2 Type in the product security code in the boxes on your
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close, then wait for the CD menu to appear on screen. screen.
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Step 1: Click the "Install Now" button
The security code is printed on the back of the
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This should be located in the lower left hand corner of plastic case for the CD-ROM containing your
the web site. Clicking this button begins the process. anti-virus software.
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1 Go to an anti-virus software company site on the Some offer trial versions of anti-virus programs for
Internet to purchase an anti - virus program. free.
2 Choose the software product you wish to purchase
from the company’s menu of offerings and click “Buy
Now” or Download Now”.
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232
3 Enter your credit and other personal information in
the required fields to purchase the software,then press
“Enter”.
4 Follow the on-screen prompts, clicking "Yes" when
asked if you wish to download the software to your
computer.
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TASK 3 : Scan the system for virus
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1 Go and select the anti-virus software from the start 4 Observe and study the status report of software
menu.
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5 Observe the virus and warning shown by the software
2 Find the system SCAN button on software screen
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Requirement
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• Desktop Computer or Laptop - as reqd
• CD/DVD of MS OFFICE
software - as reqd
PROCEDURE
1 Insert the MS office Enterprise CD/DVD. If the setup Fig 1
wizard does not automatically begin then click start >
Run>D:\setup.exe
2 The product key from the back of the CD/DVD jacket.
Note: This is unique code. Please keep in a safe place!
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Click continue (Fig 1)
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3 Check the box "I accept the terms of this agreement"
and click the continue button (Fig 2)
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Fig 2
237
If you click upgrade, go on to step 5 (Fig 3)
If you click customize, go on to step 4a (Fig 3)
Fig 3
4a Click the radio button for "keep all previous versions" Fig 5
(Fig 4)
Fig 4
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Fig 8
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Fig 9
Requirement
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• Desktop Computer or Laptop
with windows OS, MS-Office - 1 No
PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Creating Document file in windows Explorer
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1 Click start button in task bar and click “Computer”
program list or press
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1
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240
Fig 2
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3 Right click on “D:” drive.
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Fig 3
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Fig 5
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6 Type any file name as you like for eg: Sample and
press Enter key as on Fig 6.
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Fig 7
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The New folder created as shown in Fig 9
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TASK 3 : Start a Paintbrush and new drawing
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Start a Paintbrush: 1 Choose File
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1 Open Accessories in Windows 2 Choose Open
2 Choose Paintbrush Color or Black & White
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2 Choose New 3 Choosing Black and White will give pattern fill options.
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That the color used by the brush is set by the 1 Choose the paintbrush icon.
foreground color below. Point at the desired 2 The brush shape can be that of a dot, a rectangle or a
color in the Palette below and use the left line.
mouse button to set the color or the line before
3 Change the shape of the brush with the Brush Shapes
staring to draw the line.
option under Options.
Line Color:
The size of the brush is set by the line thickness
1 Line tools will use the foreground color (or pattern if in tool in the lower left of the screen. Also note
black and white) as selected from the Palette below that the paint used by the brush is set by the
with the left mouse button. foreground color below. Use the left mouse
2 Lines around circles, rectangles, polygons, etc. will button to set the color or the line.
use the background color as selected from the Palette
below with the right mouse button. _______
Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.7.87 245
TASK 5: Work with Paintbrush tools
1 Choose with the left mouse button. (Holding 1 Choose the icon. Hold down the left mouse
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1 Choose drag.
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2 Click on line start. Drag to end.
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area, the background colors or patterns will
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3 Click to one side of the line and drag to stretch line into
become transparent. If you drag with the right
a spline.
mouse button, both the foreground and
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4 Repeat (3) for second stretch. background colors are retained and moved
Zooming In: together
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1. Choose View.
2. Choose Zoom In. 1. Choose the paint roller Set the fill type by
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3. Select the zoom area. clicking on the color or pattern along the bottom of the
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Zooming Out: 2. Move icon until the point of the paint roller shadow is
in the area to fill, and click. (If too much area is filled,
1. Choose View menu. use the Undo under the Edit menu).
2. Choose Zoom Out. Other Modifications:
Line thickness: Once a cutout has been defined, it may be modified with
Pick options: rescaled with Shrink and Grow,
Point and Click on icon with the left mouse skewed with Tilt, flipped with Flip
Vertical and Flip
button.
Horizontal or changed dark to light with Inverse, and
Erasing:
made inverse (negative image) by using the options in the
Pick menu.
Choose 1) or 2) icon with the left button.
Mistakes:
1. Outline the area with irregular or rectangular
Before doing anything else, choose Edit and
Undo, as this undoes only the last process. You
can also Press Esc to stop most processes.
scissors .
Calligraphy:
2 Choose Edit and Copy to put it on the clipboard (or)
choose Edit and Copy to save the clipping under
several different bitmap options. This is useful for Choose the icon. Change the shape of the brush
preparing graphics for other programs because only
with the Brush Shapes option under Options. Also, the
the selected area is saved, minimizing the file size.
line thickness must be set greater than minimum. Note
Text: that the paint used by the brush is set by the foreground
color or fill pattern below.
1 Choose Use the Full Screen:
Choose View. Choose View Picture. <Esc> to get back.
2 Point to start location with left button.
Saving:
3 Type, Return key is carriage return.
1. Open File menu with left mouse button.
Change font Style and Size before choosing another tool.
2. Select Save as ...
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Quitting:
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1. Choose File
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2. Choose Exit
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Requirement
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• Desktop Computer or Laptop
with windows OS and MS office - as reqd
Software
• Installation MS office Software - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Create a word document and identify its components
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1 Open a new word document as in Fig
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2 Identify the various screen components as in
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below Fig
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2 Make it Bold using Bold option below the Font tab. 6 Set the alignment for Degree and others with
proper TAB values.
3 Align the name, ‘:’ and name of the candidate
with TAB as like below 7 Make uniform for experience, Languages and
Hobbies also.
Name : G.Raghavan
8 Make the Declaration into the center alignment
4 Align other lines with ‘:’ according the above line
and bold.
to make it uniform aligned upto email.
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9 Make the declaration text center aligned.
5 Make it Bold and underlined the Qualification
and Experience titles.
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Note : The document view will be as below after
Malleswaram, Bangalore.
Mobile : 09833156987
Email : raghavan_009@gmail.com
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Qualification :
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Degree : B.Com, Completed in National College, KCR, Karnataka, 2014
PGDiploma : PGDCA, Completed in Manipal Institute, Sadasiva Nagar, Bangalore.
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Declaration
All the above said information are true and fair to the best of my knowledge
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Date :
Fig 2
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to NO OUTLINE as in Fig 3.
Fig 3
Fig 4
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5 The final appearance of the title may be as in Fig 5
Fig 5
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Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• Desktop computer (or) Laptop
with MS office - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Create and Excel file and identify its components
1 Open Microsoft Excel start menu
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253
Task 2 : Create a model marksheet of students
A1 : Sl. No., B1 : Name of Student, C1 : Class. D1 : Language, E1 : English, F 1 : Maths, G1 : Science, H1 : Social
Science, I1 : CCE, J1 : Total, K1 : Average, L1: Status
3 Create Students List as below table :
Sl. Name of Class Lan Eng Maths Science S Science CCE Total Average Status
No Student
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Column Width to make the contents of the
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columns to fit accordingly as in Fig.
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1 Open the saved Excel file. 4 Select the Formula cell and place the mouse cursor
at the right bottom of the cell to drag+copy to other
2 Select the cell J2, which requires a total of marks.
cells.
3 Enter the formula for sum of the mark values as
5 Drag the point up to the cell J6 to copy the formula
‘=SUM(D2:H2)’, which calculates the sum for cells
for the following cells.
from
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1 Open the saved file for reworking.
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2 Set the Sl.No. column to contain numbers as select
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the cells in A2 to A6 and right click-> Format Cells
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and select as Number with no decimal points
required as in Fig.
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to differentiate with color, use FILL tool below Font
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tool and select the color to fill in the cells as in Fig.
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Prepare power point presentation on any three known topics with various
design, animation and visual effects
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• open MS power point
• identify screen component
• create presentation
• add slides and insert pictures
• add audio and video elements
• add animation objects
• make slide show.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• Desktop computer (or) Laptop - 1 No
Software
• CD of MS office - as reqd
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Open MS Powerpoint 2010
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Fig 1
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259
Fig 2
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Fig 3
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1 File Menu
3 Ribbon
5 Help
7 Slide View
8 Notification Bar
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TASK 3 : Select a layout and create the first presentation
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contains many items as in Fig. 4
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5 Set the background of the slide by right click on
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Fig 6
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or any folder which picture to be placed.
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7 Add a caption for the picture as in Fig 10
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Fig 10
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Fig 8
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Note: Power point allows for live audio 6 Save the file for making the powerpoint show.
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recording which can be added as voiceover
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the slide. For the purpose,a mic is required
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with the desktop.
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effect desired to get a preview of the animation. 4 Add animation for slide 2 also.
3 Select Subtitle,picture and add animations as in 5 Set the timing of animation for slide 3 contents
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Fig 15
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1 Open the file for making the slide show. 3 Select video file in slide 3 and in the Animation
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previous’using Animation pane in the Animations
as Animate as part of the sequence to play the
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video automatically on loading. Do the same for the
menu.
audio file as in Fig 16.
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Convert the given PDF File into Word file using suitable software
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• Convert PDF file into word file.
Requirement
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• Desktop Computer or Laptop - 1 No
Software
• Software PDF to word
converter - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Converting PDF file into Word file
1 Click start button in desktop window
2 Select Easy PDF to Word converter in the program
list
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3 Click Easy PDF to Word converter as on Fig 1.
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Fig 1
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267
The PDF to Word converter window appear as shown in Fig 2.
Fig 2
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4 Click file menu and click open menu item in the
window as on Fig 3.
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Fig 3
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Fig 6
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Browse search engines, create email accounts, practice sending and re-
ceiving of mails and configuration of email clients
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• open yahoo website
• open google website
• open dictionary website
• download the image
• download software
• create mail account
• open the mail account
• compose mail
• check the inbox.
Requirement
Tools/Equipments/Instruments
• Desktop Computer or Laptop
with windows OS - 1 No
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• Internet Connection
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PROCEDURE
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Fig 2
3 Double click the internet explorer on the desktop or
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Fig 1
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270
6 Click Internet Explorer Fig 3
7 Opened internet explorer window
8 Type the website address : www.yahoo.com on
address bar as in Fig 3.
9 Displayed yahoo web site.
_______
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TASK 3 : Open Dictionary.com website
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5 More flower images are displayed.
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6 Click any one image.
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button.
9 Click Save Picture as in Fig 7.
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1 Type the text google.com on internet explorer address 5 More download link displayed
bar
6 Click any one link
2 Displayed the google website
7 Click Download
3 Type the text "download winzip software" on text box
8 Choose saving location
4 Click Search button
9 Click Saved button
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Fig 9
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Fig 11
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Fig 13
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Step 1 Fig 16
1 Click Compose mail button as in Fig 15
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Fig 15
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Step 2
4 Type the Subject : example : Reg. Leave request.
5 Click Attach a file option. 9 Type the body text as in Fig 18.
6 Choose location for attached file as in Fig 16.
Fig 19
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10 Check the spelling.
11 Finally click send button.
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12 Click Sent mail option as in Fig 19.
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Fig 20
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address bar
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2 Opened yahoo web site
3 Click mail option as in Fig 22
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Fig 22
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9 Displayed window for account created as in Fig 25
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MICT115H16
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Fig 27
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6 check online user as in Fig 28 8 Check the inbox button (1 mail received)
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7 Check Trash 9 Click inbox
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10 Displayed mail message
Fig 28
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1 Click the Reply link as in Fig 21. 9 Deleted your current selected mail.
2 Display the compose window. 10 Displayed window for only one mail balanced as in
3 Automatically typed sender mail address. Fig 32.
Fig 29
Check Contacts
11 Click Contacts link.
12 Displayed all contacts name as in Fig 33.
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Fig 30
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Fig 31
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Fig 34
MICT115H1
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Fig 36
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Fig 37
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Fig 38
Identify different types of cables and network components e.g. Hub, switch,
router, modem etc
Objectives: At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• Idenfify cable types
• Idenfify network devices
• choose the device based on given information
• identify different types of cables and network components.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments STP/optical cable bundle - as reqd
Modem - 1 No
• Coaxial cable bundle - as reqd
Hub - 1 No
• UTP cable bundle - as reqd Router - 1 No
Switch - 1 No
PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 : Identifying cables of various types
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1 Write the following type of cable names from the
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282
TASK 2 : Identifying various devices of networking
1 Write the names of the devices as in pictures.
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4 Set connection based utilities and sharing
options and connect to different networks D) SWITCH
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Prepare terminations, make UTP and STP cable connectors and test
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• prepare a UTP cross cable ends for making connection to the computer
• test the cable with LAN tester.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments • Line test - 1 No
• RJ - 45 - 1 No
• Desktop computers - 2 Nos • RJ - 11 - 1 No
• Crimped tool - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1: Prepare a UTP cross cable ends for making connection to the computer
Instructor must arrange the required length of Crimp tools have two blades. One designed to
cross cable, the tool for crimping and two com- cut the cable and other to strip the jacket. While
puter for making connection as shown in stripping the cable care should be taken not to
ed
Fig 1. cut the internal wires. Remove the jacket insu-
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Fig 1
Fig 3
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Fig 2 Fig 3a
285
2 Cut the separator off and untwist the wires back to Fig 6
within one-eighth inch of the jacket
3 Arrange the wirees from left to right in the order they
are to be crimped. The normal crimping order for cross
cable is shown in Fig 4a & Fig 4b
The colour code wiring order is different for
both ends in cross cable
Fig 7
Fig 4b
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The wires must lay flat and together aligned 7 Verify all the wires are in the correct order, and insert
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as closely as possible in order. when finished the connector in to the crimping tool and press to crimp
the cable should look like as shown in Fig 5 as shown in Fig 8
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Fig 8
Fig 5
5 Cut a few mm wihile holding them firmly, so they are Now half of the work done. The cable should
all of the same length as shown in Fig 6. look like as shown in Fig 9. The process must
be repeated for the other end of the cable. How-
6 Slide the RJ45 connector on to the wires making sure
ever the colour code wiring order changes for
the wires stay lined up
cross cable as shown in Fig 10.
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4 Blue configured from a computer. One end is wired
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would typically use on end into a serial port on
6 Orange a PC and the other into the console port of the
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switch/router
7 Brown White
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8 Brown
Fig 11
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Requirement
Tools/Equipments/
• Desk top computer or Laptop - 10
• NIC card installation
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Check whether NIC is installed in Desktop
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289
3 Right Click on the NIC Card if available and check
properties
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1 Plug one end of the NIC Card in the Desktop LAN 3 Confirm the Desktop LAN Port shows a green light,
Port (Ethernet Port). which confirms the connection is successful.
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2 Plug the other end into the Switch / Hub / NIC Point 4 Preview the LAN details for TCP/IP settings to access
available. the internet from the LAN using the command in Start
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1 Click on Chrome / Firefox logo to open the browser. 3 Setup a Local Network to connect with other comput-
ers using Setup a Home Network in the control panel-
2 Type http://www.google .com in the address bar and
> Network Setup wizard.
wait for opening the Google web page.
4 Create the workgroup setup to connect with the net-
Note : If the google page appears,internet is work computers.
connected successfully. If it is not showing and
5 Set values for IP address,file sharing options to con-
displays as page cannot be displayed,internet
nect and share your system information.
is not connected.
6 Refer instructor for more utilities.
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Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instuments
• Desk top computer or Laptop - 1 No
• wifi hardware installation - 1 No
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Check for the availability of the wifi hardware and installation
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3 Install a device if not found in the system as external 4 Install driver for the device using CD or Internet
WiFi dongle. download.
5 Check in the device manager for successful
installation.
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2 Select the network you want to connect.
3 Check the Connect automatically option.
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4 Click the Connect button
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the problem.
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Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments • Capacitor 270 nf, disc - 1 No
• 10 μf, 25 V, electrolytic - 1 No
• DC variable power supply
• Red LED - 1 No
0-30 V, 2A - 1 No
• Resistor 820Ω, 1/4W - 1 No
• Trainees kit - 1 No
• Hook up wires (red and black colour) - 1 Mtr
• DC ammeter, 0-1A - 1 No
• Wire sleeve (R,Y,G) each - 2 cm
• Digital Multimeter - 1 No
• Rheostat 100Ω 1 A - 1 No
Materials • Resin cored solder - 10 cms
• Bread board - 1 No
• Three-pin voltage regulator
IC 7812 or equivalent - 1 No
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• Heat sink for 7812 - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
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1 From the type code marked on the given 3 pin regu-
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given below;
Input - Yellow/Orange sleeve.
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instructor.
4 Fix the aluminium heat sink for 7812 on the bread
board Refer Fig 2 for the position of heat sink on the
bread board.
5 Construct the voltage regulator circuit referring to
the schematic and layout diagram shown in Fig 1 &
Fig 2.
6 Get the neatness and correctness of your wiring
checked by your instructor.
7 Apply 16 to 20 volts unregulated dc voltage to the input
of the wired 12V regulator. Record the unregulated
input voltage and no-load output voltage of the regula-
tor in O & T sheet.
296
8 Using loading rheostat, load the regulator in steps of 9 From the recorded readings, calculate the
200 mA upto 800mA and at each step measure and
– output voltage regulation at each step of loading.
record,
– ripple rejection at each step of loading.
- Regulated dc output voltage
10 Get your work checked by your instructor.
- Input and output ripple.
O & T Sheet
Loading is limited to 80% of its rated maximum
of 1A. This is because the heat sink used with
7812 may not be very effective in taking away
the heat.
1 Neatness and correctness of wiring: Very good Good Satisfactory Poor/Redo Continue Exercise
Load - Current
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Output voltage
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Input ripple (P-P)
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Output ripple
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Ripple rejection
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Output regulation
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Identify the different types of fixed +ve and -ve regulator IC’s and the different
current ratings
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• construct and test a +12 volts regulator to get a variable output regulation.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments • Capacitor 2.2 μF, 25 μF 270 nf, disc - 1 No each
• Resistor 820Ω, 1/4W - 1 No
• DC variable power supply
• 10μf, 25 V, electrolytic - 1 No each
0-30 V, 2A - 1 No
• Red LED - 1 No
• Trainees kit
• Preset/Potentiometer 470Ω - 1 No
• DC ammeter, 0-1A - 1 No
• Resistor 1KΩ, 1/4W - 2 Nos
• Digital Multimeter - 1 No
• Hook up wires (red and black colour) - 1 Mtr
Materials • Resin cored solder - 10 cms
• Bread board - 1 No • Wire sleeve (R,Y,G) each - 2 cm
• Three-pin voltage regulator • Rheostat 100Ω 1 A - 1 No
IC 7912 or equivalent - 1 No
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• Heat sink for 7912 - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
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TASK 1 :
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1 Test to confirm the condition of the potentiometer or 4 Measure and record the no-load output voltages of the
pre-set. regulator at the two extreme positions of the pot/pre-
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set.
2 Construct the voltage regulator circuit referring to
the schematic and layout diagram shown in Fig 1 5 Using loading rheostat, load the regulator in steps of
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Observation & Tabulation Sheet
1 Level of the unregulated input voltage to the variable output regulator : ____________
Load - Current
Output voltage
Output ripple
Ripple rejection
Output regulation
2 No-load output voltage levels: (i) Minimum adjustable: (ii) Maximum adjustable :
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TASK 2 :
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1 Check the Components by using multimeter 3 Apply unregulated dc voltage of -20V to the circuit
2 Construct variable voltage regulator 4 Measure and record the regulated dc output voltage of
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Specification
• 1.5 A Output Current
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Load - Current
Output voltage
Output ripple
Ripple rejection
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IC 79xx is used in circuits a shown in the circuit. In order
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to improve stability two capacitors- C1 and C2 are used.
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The pin 1 acts as the Ground terminal (OV) The pin 2 The capacitor C1 is used only if the regulator is separated
acts as the input terminal (5v to 24V). The pin 3 acts as
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from the filter capacitor by more than 3”. It must be 22μ
the output terminal (constant regulated 5V) F solid tantalum capacitor or 25 μF aluminum electrolytic
Pin out Configuration of IC 79xx. capacitor. The capacitor C2 is requred for stability. Usually
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The pin out configuration of IC 79xx is shown in the 1μ F solid tantalum capacitor is ued. One can also use 25
diagram below. F aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Value given may be
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• The pin 1 acts as the Gtound terminal (OV) incresed without limit.
• The pin 2 acts as the input terminal (5V to 24V) 79xx Connectiondiagram.
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regulated 5 V)
IC 79xx (7905, 7912, 7915, 7918) - Negative Voltage
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Regulator
79xx votlage regulators are very commonly used in
electronic circuits. The main purpose of this IC is to supply
required regulated negative voltage to the circuits. IC
79xx can supplya constant negative voltage output, in
spite of any voltage fluctions in its input coltage.It canbe
mainly found in the circuits in which integratedcircuits that
require +Vcc and Vcc are used.
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300 Electronics & Hardware : Electronic Mechanic - Exercise 1.8.98
Electronics & Hardware Exercise 1.8.99
Electronic Mechanic - IC Regulators
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Trainees kit - 1 No • Assorted 3 terminal fixed
regulators ICs - 10 Nos
• Assorted heat sinks - 10 No
• Thermal taps - 5 Nos
• Nut and Bolts - as reqd
PROCEDURE
TASK 1 : Identify different types of fixed +ve and -ve regulator ICs
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1 Pick a regulator IC
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style.
2 Identify it depening on its packaging style or the
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number printed on it. 5 Repeat the above steps for 79xx series regulators and
record your observations in Table 1.
3 Refer data book and identify its input, common and
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Table 1
1. IC specificaations from marked code
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Type code Manufacturer Type of regulator Output Reted Max Package type
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TASK 2 : Identify the heat sink and mounting on IC regulators
1 Select and pick a heat sink from assorted heat sinks 7 Check the work sheet by instructor
provided.
8 Repeat above steps for other one.
2 Measure the size of heat sink and count the number
Mounting Heatsink
sides & slots available on it.
1 Clean the surface of heatsink & component.
3 Observe and record the material used to make heat
sink. 2 Place the thermal tape on heatsink.
4 Note points of mount holes available for component & 3 Fix the component in proper direction on heatsink
for heat sink on body mounting. body.
5 Get the help of instructor to find type of mounting 4 Screwing nut andbolt at identified points for tighting.
(surface mounting and through hole mounting.
5 Check the work by Instructor.
6 Identify the heats some suitable for flat packages or for
to packages etc.,
Table 2
S.No. Name of Heatsink Shape Name of Heatsink Materials No.of faces Suitable to package
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Observe the output voltage of different IC723 metal / plastic type and IC 78S40
regulators by varying the input voltage with fixed load
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• observe the output voltage of IC 723 and IC 78S40 regulators.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments Materials
• Trainees kit - 1 No • Bread board - 1 No
• Soldering Iron 25W - 1 No • IC 723 - 1 No
• Digital multimeter - 1 No • Capacitor 100PF Resistors - 1 No
• 1 KΩ Carbon 1/2 W - 1 No
• 2.7 KΩ Carbon 1/2 W - 1 No
• 6.8 K Carbon 1/2W - 1 No
• 4.7 K carbon 1/2W - 1 No
• 10 Ω Potentiometer 1A carbon - 1 No
• Ammeter (6-14) - 1 No
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1 From the type code marked on the given 14 pin Table 1
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posture regulator IC.
2 Identify ithe pins of IC 723 and put sleeves to the S No. Input voltage Output voltage in volts
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terminals using colour coding scheme given below (Vi) in Volts (Vo) in Volts
instructor.
4 Construct the voltage regulator circuit referring to the
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Construct and test a 1.2V-30V variable output regulated power supply using IC
LM317T
Objectives : At the end of this exercise you shall be able to
• construct and test a 1.2 V to 30 V variable output regulated power supply.
Requirements
Tools/Equipments/Instruments 25 μF, 50V, electrolytic - 1 No
10 μF, 50V, electrolytic - 1 No
• Trainees kit - 1 No
100 nF, ceramic disc - 1 No
• Solding Iron 25 W - 1 No
• LED, Red - 1 No
• Digital Multimeter - 1 No
• Resistors
Materials 4K7, potentiometer, carbon, rotary - 1 No
2K2, carbon, 1/2W - 1 No
• Bread board - 1 No
220W, carbon, 1/4W - 1 No
• Step down transformer, 240V; 24V
• 3-terminal voltage regulator, LM317T,
or 240: 12-0-12, 24VA - 1 No
TO-220 - 1 No
• Diodes, 1N4002 or BY127 or Equv - 6 Nos
• 1A, slow blow fuse with fuse holder - 1 No.
• Capacitors 2200 μF,
• Hook up wires - as reqd
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50V, electrolytic - 1 No
• Resin cored solder - 20 cms
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• Heat sink for TO-220 package
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• Rheostat 100Ω 1 A - 1 No
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PROCEDURE
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1 Test all the components to confirm their good working All components except the transformer to be
condition. Record the specifications of IC LM317T in
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by your instructor.
the given bread board referring to the circuit schematic
shownin Fig 1. 6 Connect the secondary of (230:24V) transformer to
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10 Using a dc current meter (0-1A range) short the load
Switch OFF main supply immediately if burning,
terminals momentarily and record the short circuit fold
smoking overheating, sparks are observed in
back protection current level.
any of the components, and report to your
instructor. Check the IC and ensure that it is not 11 Get the readings checked by your instructor.
heated-up
Lab Assignment : Mount the regulator IC on a
7 Measure and record the unregulated dc input and the good aluminium heat-sink (available in mar-
minimum, maximum variable voltage of the regulator ket). If a good heat-sink is used with the IC, you
under no-load condition. can draw upto 1Amps easily. Mount the trans-
former and the wired PCB in a metallic box of
8 Set the output to +15 volts and load the output using a suitable size. Mount the POT on the front panel
loading rheostat in steps of 200 mA up to 600 mA. In of the box made. Mount output terminal sock-
each step measure and record the output voltage and ets (Red and black) on the front panel of the box
the ripple voltages. from which DC voltage can be taken. This will
serve you as a 1.2V to 30V, 1A rating variable
Load current is restricted to 600mA as heat-
power supply for servicing circuits in forth-
sink is provided to the IC may not be the ideal
coming exercises as well for your hobby
one.
gadgets and general servicing.
9 Calculate and record the output regulation and ripple
rejection of the regulator.
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1 Specification of the given 3-terminal regulator IC.
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Type Package Output voltage Max. output
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number type current
Min. Max.
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2 Neatness and correctness of wiring: Very good Good Satisfactory Poor/Redo Continue Exercise
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3
Unregulated dc input to regulator : ____________________
Minimum adjustable output voltage (No-load) : ____________________
Maximum adjustable output voltage (No-load) : ____________________
4
Set output voltage : 15 volts
Output voltage
Input ripple
Output regulation
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